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Academic literature on the topic 'Myopathie pseudo-hypertrophique de Duchenne – Thérapeutique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Myopathie pseudo-hypertrophique de Duchenne – Thérapeutique"
Goyenvalle, Aurélie. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne : Restauration du cadre de lecture par saut d'exon." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077104.
Full textMost cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are caused by dystrophin gene mutations that disrupt the mRNA reading frame. In some cases, forced exclusion of a single exon can restore the reading frame, given rise to a shorter, but still functional dystrophin protein. Our objective in this work was to produce antisense sequences targeting splice junctions of dystrophin gene to induce removal of disease-associated exons during pre-mRNA processing. To achieve this exon-skipping, we proposed to use the U7 small nuclear RNA as carrier and we first developed AAV vectors harboring chimeric U7snRNA carrying antisense sequences able to promote skipping of exon 23 of the murine dystrophine gene. After intramuscular or intra-arterial injection in mdx mice, we detected efficient skipping of the exon 23 and a long term rescue of dystrophin expression. We next evaluated this strategy in the canine GRMD model and showed the possibility to skip several exons, leading to a very large restoration of dystrophin in injected muscles. These promising results obtained on the mouse and canine models led us to develop the strategy on the human dystrophin gene and especially on the exon 51. We confirmed the skipping of the exon 51 both in vitro in patient myoblasts after transduction with the lentiviral vector and in vivo after intramuscular injection of an AAV-U7ex51 vector in the transgenic hDMD mouse. This study provides evidence on the efficiency of the U7snRNA mediated exon skipping strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, that could concern more than 80% of patients and offers very promising tools for clinical treatment of DMD
Sanson, Mathilde. "Recherche de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans la myopathie de Duchenne basée sur des miRNAs dérégulés nouvellement identifiéss." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE047.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a paediatric muscle disease that affects one in 3500-5000 boys and causes death by cardio-respiratory failure, most often at the third or fourth decade of life. DMD is caused by the lack or the drastically reduced expression of dystrophin. The myofibers in the dystrophic muscle undergo successive cycles of degeneration and regeneration, until exhaustion of the regenerative potential. The degenerated contractile tissues are replaced by fatty fibrotic tissue. At present, there is no satisfactory medical solution for the DMD disease. Routine treatment is of glucocorticoid drugs. Therapeutic development effort is focused in particular on gene replacement and exon skipping technologies. However, disappointing results from recent years’ clinical trials employing these experimental therapies indicated that restored dystrophin expression might not be enough. One hypothesis is that the restoration of dystrophin expression is not enough for the reversion of an advanced-stage dystrophic pathology. Accordingly, in order to propose complementary therapeutic solutions, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms, impact and reversion of secondary pathologies. In this context, the first part of my thesis comprised a screening for miRNAs that might be involved in DMD secondary pathology. Early work in our research group (before my arrival) identified a large number of dysregulated miRNAs in DMD. Thus, I profiled some of these miRNAs in muscle biopsies of the GRMD (a dog model for DMD), and selected for further investigations miR-379, which is, according our previous data in the group, glucocorticoid responsive in DMD. I then identified and validated the EIF4G2 gene as a direct target of miR-379. EIF4G2 is a translation factor that is involved in the control of apoptosis differentiation, and mitochondrial activities. I then identified a translational target of EIF4G2, named here ProtX, known to be involved in mitochondrial activity. For confidentiality reasons, the exact identity of this protein cannot be disclosed yet. In a set of experiments in human myoblast and iPS cells, I then demonstrated that miR-379, EIF4G2 and ProtX are involved in the tuning of mitochondrial activity and in the control of cellular engagement (of IPS cells) and myogenic differentiation. Interestingly, ProtX has been suggested in the past as a potential modifier in the DMD disease. Taken together, I am presenting here a signalling pathway that might link the glucocorticoid response to mitochondrial dysfunction in DMD patients. A future goal of our research group is the evaluation of the therapeutic potential thus signalling pathway in the DMD disease in animal model experimentation
Escriou, Catherine. "Étude préclinique de deux stratégies thérapeutiques systémiques de la myopathie de Duchenne dans le modèle canin GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) : surexpression de l'utrophine par la voie du monoxyde d'azote, thérapie cellulaire médiée par la greffe de moelle osseuse." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120006.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a lethal X-linked childhood myopathy caused by mutations that abolish the expression of dystrophin in muscle. Among natural models of DMD, the canine model offers the best phenocopy for human disease, and is considered a high benchmark for preclinical studies. In this work, dystrophic dogs were used to evaluate the clinical relevance of two promising systemic therapeutical strategy elaborated in the murine model. A. Utrophin overexpression and the NO way. If we observed a slight but significant utrophin overexpression in the muscle of normal control dog treated by L-arginin or Molsidomin, we couldn't discriminate the same modification in GRMD muscle as it exhibits spontaneous strong utrophin overexpression. Using a combination of clinical, biochemical, and histological evaluation, we couldn't neither demonstrate a therapeutic benefit. In conclusion, the NO way to induce utrophin overexpression remains pertinent but very efficient molecules need to be developed as a very high utrophin amount seems a prerequisite to obtain therapeutic benefit. B. Cell therapy and bone marrow transplantation. The myogenic participation of stem cells was evaluated in normal bone marrow engrafted dystrophic dogs. Although clinical investigations showed no obvious improvement of the dystrophic phenotype, significant increased of dystrophin positive fibers (DPF) number in dystrophic muscles were detected. This study confirmed the promising potential of stem cell transplantation, however the low level of DPF observed limit their therapeutic relevance and impose further studies to mobilize these cells out of the bone marrow compartment and attract them into the damaged muscle
Vallese, Denis. "In vivo behaviour of human precursors into a dystrophic context." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066191.
Full textThe Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal recessive X-linked disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, no effective treatment is available up to date. The development of effective therapies requires the use of animal models both dystrophic and immunotolerant for human cells. In collaboration with James Di Santo at the Pasteur Institute, a new mutant strain of mice was created: the Rag2−Il2rb−Dmd−. This mutant lacks T and B cells, as well as NK cells. It also harbours a mutation in the dystrophin gene. This study focuses on the morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of the muscle phenotype of the new mutant mouse, its comparison with the most used DMD model (mdx) and its potential use to evaluate the regenerative potential of human myogenic progenitors. The results obtained in this thesis have shown that the dystrophic phenotype is similar between the two models. Analysis of muscle regeneration has yielded very promising results. The Rag2−Il2rb−Dmd− mouse shows a peak of spontaneous regeneration between 10 and 16 weeks, which is six weeks of intense regeneration. Results obtained after transplantation of human myoblasts have confirmed that this new model is very suitable for myogenic cells transplantation, which can effectively participate in muscle regeneration. This is very important because allows to study the behaviour of human myogenic stem cells in natural dystrophic context
Le, Hir Maëva. "Développement de stratégies thérapeutiques de trans-épissage pour la maladie de Huntington et la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne, et étude du maintien des vecteurs AAV dans un contexte musculaire dystrophique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066294.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in DMD gene which abolish the synthesis of dystrophin protein (Dys). The modular structure of Dys allowed to imagine a therapeutic exon skipping strategy, in order to express a truncated but functional Dys. As all exons are not dispensable, a therapeutic trans-splicing strategy has been developed in the team to repair the end of DMD transcripts. Repaired transcripts and a small amount of dystrophin resulting from trans-spliced transcripts were detected in vivo. An exon exchange (EE) strategy was also developed, and showed its efficiency in vitro. It was then tested in vivo in wt and mdx mice by injections of AAV vectors encoding exon exchange molecules. The detection of AAV viral genomes (VG) revealed an important difference between VG copy numbers contained in wt vs mdx injected muscles, suggesting that degeneration/regeneration cycles characterising dystrophic muscles could cause a loss of VG. We studied AAV VG persistence in three models of DMD: mdx and double KO (DMD-/-UTRN-/-) mice, and GRMD dog. A loss of VG was observed in the three models: in the short term when the dose of therapeutic vector injected is unsufficient or when the vector is not therapeutic, and in the long term even when an optimal dose of therapeutic vector is injected. As therapeutic trans-splicing is relevant for dominant diseases, we developed a trans-splicing strategy to repair HTT transcripts, in which polyQ sequence expansion in exon 1 leads to Huntington disease. We developed pre-trans-splicing molecules and tested them in vitro: trans-spliced transcripts were detected in a reproducible way, but always in low amounts
Mok, Elise. "Effet de la prise orale de glutamine sur la fonction et la masse musculaire dans la dystrophie de Duchenne de Boulogne." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT1402.
Full textRobriquet, Florence. "Cellules souches adultes MuStem : « Exploration de leur phénotype et leurs modalités d’action »." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=08bcc25e-479b-46c8-a898-413c83374563.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive muscle disease that represents the most severe and common form of muscular dystrophy. No curative treatment exits to date for this fatal genetic disease. A proof of concept/efficacy has been demonstrated in the Unit for a population of muscleresident stem cells, named MuStem cells, using the large animal model of the disease, the Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) dog. In the present thesis, a comparative study of the global gene expression profile (transcriptome) of the healthy, GRMD and transplanted GRMD dog muscle as well as a miRNA study allowed us to investigate the molecular impact of MuStem cell therapy and to improve our knowledge of the GRMD dog pathophysiology. Systemic delivery of MuStem cells modifies the expression of 31 genes implicated in regeneration, ubiquitin-proteasome complex and metabolism pathways. It also restores tissue expression of miR-1, miR-133 and miR-486. A second part dealt with the characterization of MuStem cell isolated from human muscle samples. Interestingly, we describe that human MuStem cells express the pluripotency factors Klf4, Nanog and Oct3-4. The study of these cells in oxidative and hypoxic conditions also demonstrated their property of adaptability to environmental changes. All these results allow us to define better MuStem cells that are presented as a potential therapeutic product for DMD
Vincent, Lacaze Nathalie. "Expression du gène de la dystrophine et perspectives thérapeutiques des dystrophines musculaires de Duchenne et de Becker." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD12.
Full textJulien, de Zelicourt Antoine-Jean de. "Rôle délétère de CD38 dans la myopathie de Duchenne et bénéfices thérapeutiques de son inhibition." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS501.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common rare disease, affecting about one in 3500 newborn boys in the world. This genetic disease originates from the loss of function of a gene carried by the X chromosome, encoding dystrophin, a protein of the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton complex. Dystrophin is normally expressed in all muscle types and its absence leads to membrane fragility. The disease is manifested by progressive degeneration of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles, which leads to the patient death at about 30 years of age, due to cardiac or respiratory failure.Two major consequences of the absence of dystrophin are a muscular abnormal high cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration linked to an excessive ryanodine receptors activation, and a deficit in cellular NAD+ levels leading to impaired energetic metabolism. This Ca2+ dysregulation will induce many pathophysiological Ca2+-dependent processes which, coupled with energetic impairment, leads to muscle cells necrosis or apoptosis.Interestingly, the enzyme CD38, is an important NAD+ consumer through its production of two-second messengers, namely NAADP and cyclic ADPR, known to be positive modulators of ryanodine receptors. Actually, CD38 contribution to DMD pathophysiology is not known. We hypothesized that CD38 activity could be deleterious in this pathology, and thus that its inhibition could be beneficial in DMD.We performed experiments in the mdx mouse, which is the main DMD rodent model. The first highlight of our study is that CD38 is actually more expressed and more active in the mdx mouse compared to WT, showing its high potential as therapeutic target in DMD. We then performed as proof of concept pharmacological experiments with a CD38 inhibitor. We found that mdx mice treated displayed endurance (grid time) and strength (grip test) restored to normal values. In order to study the long term role of CD38 in the mdx mouse, we then generated double mutant by crossing mdx mice with CD38-/- mice. We first evaluated the impact of CD38 on NAD+ consumption, by measuring NAD+ levels in various muscle tissues in mdx and in mdx/CD38-/-mice. Our data showed a dramatic deficit of NAD+ levels in all muscles extracted from mdx mice, whereas NAD+ levels were fully restored to normal values in mdx/CD38-/-mice. We also observed a considerable reduction in the pathological spontaneous Ca2+ activity in cardiomyocytes extracted from mdx/CD38-/- mice, associated with a normalization of RyR sensitivity. To further evaluate the beneficial effects of targeting CD38 in DMD, we then measured key histological and functional parameters in the mdx/CD38-/- mouse. The data obtained in mdx/CD38-/- mice demonstrated that deletion of CD38 in mdx mice strongly improves the structural and functional phenotype since we have a clear reduction in the onset of fibrosis and a very significant improvement of skeletal and respiratory function and a full recovery of the cardiac function. Finally, we show that deleting CD38 in mdx mice also prevented isoproterenol-induced heart failure and hypertrophy, a protocol which simulates the onset of cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.All these data strongly support the hypothesis that CD38 is a major contributor of the DMD phenotype and that a reduction in CD38 activity could prevent or delay the cellular damages resulting from both a deficit in NAD+ levels and a disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis in DMD. Last but not least, our study shows that the treatment of human myotubes derived from DMD patient with an anti-CD38 antibody reduces excessive Ca2+ release in these cells. This result strongly suggest that our innovative strategy could be rapidly applied in DMD patients, thanks to the recent development of human therapeutic anti-CD38 antibodies
Fornasari, Benoît. "Les cellules souches dérivées du muscle (MDSC) : isolement dans deux modèles gros animaux et évaluation comme candidates à la thérapie de la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne (DMD)." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3d5cd2fe-7068-4cd9-8e37-7618e6017684.
Full textTherapeutic approaches for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by myoblast transplantation have been hindered by poor survival rates and the limited spread of the injected cells. Stem cell identification in adult tissues and the definition of their myogenic potential have open new prospects. First, we used the muscle-derived cell’s adhesion properties in an avian model to isolate progenitor cells residing in skeletal muscle and that are distinct from myoblasts: the LAC (Late-Adherent Cells). Using the preplating technique, we showed that a marginal cell fraction displays an initial adhesion defect to collagen matrix and that it is composed of cells poorly committed in myogenic program and immature progenitor cells, as this has been previously described in mice model. Also, we demonstrated that this defect could not be attributed to the methodological approach and that the LAC are not generated in vitro by myoblasts. Second, we showed in canine model that the LAC are characterized by an initial quiescent status, a high in vitro proliferation rate as well as a low fusion ability, a phenotype and a multi-lineage differentiation potential that defined them as muscle stem cells: the MDSC (Muscle Derived Stem Cells). After intramuscular injection in dystrophic GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) dogs that represent clinically relevant animal model for DMD, we established that MDSC are able to participate in muscle fiber formation, to allow recovery of dystrophin expression and to generate satellite cells. Collectively, these results qualify MDSC as potential candidates for future cell therapy for DMD