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1
Moreira, Lia Raquel Miranda. "Mytilus edulis e Mytilus galloprovincialis : características e aquicultura." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/799.
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Mestrado em Toxicologia e EcotoxicologiaCom o objectivo de se proceder à identificação de qual a forma taxonómica do mexilhão existente na Ria de Aveiro, do género Mytilus spp., foi compilada uma série de características pelas quais se pode proceder à distinção entre as duas formas taxonómicas Mytilus edulis e Mytilus galloprovincialis, ambos existentes na Ria de Aveiro. Este trabalho apresenta igualmente como objectivo, analisar a viabilidade da implantação de uma unidade de mitilicultura, isto é, de aquicultura de mexilhão. Desta forma, ao longo do trabalho, serão expostas as características através das quais se poderá distinguir as duas formas taxonómicas de mexilhão e também as várias técnicas de cultivo utilizadas globalmente na aquicultura do mexilhão. ABSTRACT: With the objective of proceeding to the identification of which taxonomic form of the mussel Mytilus spp. exists in Ria de Aveiro, was compiled a series of characteristics from which it can be made the distinction between the two taxonomic forms Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis, both existing in Ria de Aveiro. This work presented also as an objective, analyze the viability of the implantation of a unit of mitiliculture, that is, of aquaculture of mussels. In such a way, throughout the work, the characteristics will be displayed through which if it will be able to distinguish the two taxonomic forms of Mytilus spp from l and the several culture techniques used globally in the aquaculture of the mussel.
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Hayhurst, Susan. "The Effects of Temperature on the Survival, Growth and Development of Larvae of Two Blue Mussel Species (Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HayhurstS2001.pdf.
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Toro, Jorge Eduardo. "Life history and genetic variation in Mytilus edulis (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. trossulus (Gould, 1850) in a hybrid zone on the east coast of Newfoundland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47504.pdf.
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Abdul, Matin A. K. M. "Studies on the hybridisation of Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305074.
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Mooney, Melissa. "A comparison of feeding physiology in cultured and wild blue mussels Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0034/MQ62404.pdf.
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Caponera, Jay A. "Evolutionary Analysis of Duplicate Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase (MPI) Loci in the Blue Mussel, Mytilus edulis." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CaponeraJA2006.pdf.
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Fairbrother, Jennifer E. "Ploidy manipulation and heterozygosity in Mytilus edulis." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358022.
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8
Wilson, Joanna. "Introgression patterns in Scottish blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) populations." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25393.
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Background: The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L., is an important contributor to the shellfish sector of Scottish aquaculture, with 7,270 tonnes worth £8.8 million being produced for the year 2015. Since 2010, production values have fluctuated as a result of inconsistent spat settlement, several business closures, and heightened levels of marine toxins in some areas. On Scotland’s west coast, some farms (most notably Loch Etive) have suffered production losses from the appearance of non-marketable mussels with particularly fragile shells and poor quality meat. Recent research has demonstrated that these undesirable traits have a genetic factor, linked to the presence of a non-native but related species Mytilus trossulus (Gould, 1850) and often its hybrids with the native M. edulis. M. trossulus has been classed as a commercially damaging species under Scottish law, but there is insufficient data on hybridisation and introgression patterns in Scottish mussel populations to evaluate any possible impacts this could have on production. Existing research has focused on single locus genotyping to identify Mytilus spp. and their hybrids in Scotland. By instead utilising multilocus genotyping, introgression could be identified and a better understanding of population structure could be gained, with implications for management to maintain productivity and profitability. The aim of the research presented here was to develop and validate a suite of new species diagnostic markers for multilocus genotyping of field populations of Scottish mussels, thereby establishing a more complete picture of the taxonomic relationships between species than previous studies have permitted. Results: Analysis of SNPs identified with RADseq confirmed the presence of three genetically distinct Mytilus species in Scotland: M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus. RADseq and KASP genotyping technology successfully identified and validated a suite of 12 highly robust diagnostic SNP markers for multilocus genotyping of Mytilus mussel populations. These markers permitted more comprehensive genotyping than previous studies had, allowing presumed pure species individuals to be distinguished from first generation (F1) hybrids and introgressed (FX) genotypes in reference populations, and subsequently presented the possibility of exploring introgression in a wider scale study. Multilocus genotyping of mussel populations from around Scotland revealed widespread introgression of M. edulis with both M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus. No pure M. galloprovincialis was identified and pure M. trossulus was restricted to a single site in Loch Etive, possibly part of a relict population. F1 hybrids between M. edulis and M. trossulus were identified in Loch Etive and in Loch Fyne on the west coast. This was evidence of ongoing hybridisation and suggested an active hybrid zone existed in Scotland, something that previous single locus genotyping studies had not acknowledged. A link between shell fragility and M. trossulus introgression was recognised at a single site outside of Loch Etive, but this was not apparent anywhere else and the actual causes of shell fragility remain unevaluated. There was a clear difference between the genetics of most farmed stock and wild populations, which indicated an anthropogenic effect on introgression and subsequent species composition, and had implications for future farm site selection and broodstock sourcing. Temporal species composition in Loch Etive differed over a short time period, but high proportions of M. trossulus alleles were observable some 25 months after a major fallowing event had taken place. Pure M. trossulus was also identifiable, which was consistent with the presence of an established population of M. trossulus existing in this area. Conclusion: Multilocus genotyping has produced a more in depth picture of species diversity in Scottish mussel populations. SNP assays revealed widespread introgression between three genetically distinct species – M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and M. trossulus – and furthermore recognised that, to date, single locus genotyping has overestimated the abundance of pure Mytilus mussels in Scottish waters. However, this hitherto unidentified genetic complexity does not appear disadvantageous to mussel production, despite the prevalence of M. trossulus introgression among farmed populations, and it is somewhat unlikely that genetics are the sole cause of undesirable shell characteristics among Mytilus spp. mussels.
9
Jouvet, Lionel. "Mytilus edulis haemocytes variability : technique, individual and environment." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2367.
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The widely distributed marine bivalve Mytilus edulis is used as a sentinel organism for ecological and toxicological assessments. As a filter feeder, it has the potential to bio-accumulate pollutants. It has been assumed that the cell concentration and cell type ratio of its circulating immune cells, haemocytes, could become complementary sub-lethal indicators of toxicology. These two parameters are respectively referred to as total haemocyte count (THC) and differential cell count (DCC). This study examines these commonly used methods, quantifies their limitations, and develops alternative techniques. The circulating immune cells are investigated to assess their fluctuations. Finally, impacts of environmental challenges on the circulating haemocytes are examined. Despite its importance in the field of Mytilus edulis immunology, THC evaluation is present in only 20% of publications in this field, and DCC in 10%. Ultimately, only 9% of papers consider both THC and DCC before further analyses. The remaining studies disregard THC and DDC, or regard these parameters as being constant and homogenous in M. edulis populations. This study initially quantifies the systematic error induced by sampling, and suggests improvements. For example, a systematic error of 26% is attributed to the use of low precision syringes, and can be reduced with use of higher precision sampling equipment. While the systematic errors in visual count and image analysis of THC and DCC evaluations are equivalent, the computerised methods allow the throughput of larger data sets, reduce workload, and avoid tedious eye counts. Flow cytometry was found to be the most accurate method in THC and DCC evaluation. Furthermore, repeated bleedings influence DCC, triggering the decrease of circulating eosinophils (up to 20%) and the increase of hyaline cells (up to 30%). To mitigate this reaction to sampling, a maximum volume of 50μl using a permanent cannulation is recommended. However, even with improved methods reducing systematic error by half, this study still reports variations as high as 20-fold in the haemocyte concentration in populations of healthy individuals. In addition, over a 2-hour period in a single cannulated individual, fluctuation of the DDC is observed to be as high as 30% for eosinophils, 10% for hyaline cells, and 20% for basophils. These measured variations are explained by haemocyte reservoirs in the tissues. Eosinophils are found in large numbers in epithelial association in the gills, guts and in the mantle, where their numbers have been evaluated at 3x10 7 As a case study, Mytilus edulis challenged with barium sulphate smothering, used by the oil industry in drilling muds, shows gill damage and their subsequent infiltration by eosinophils. In bacterial outbreak, basophilic cells are observed to infiltrate the tissue surrounding the stomach and eosinophils are depleted from the epithelium of the digestive tissues. THC is 10-fold lower than in healthy organisms and eosinophils are depleted from the haemolymph. cells. In conclusion, the THC and DDC methods are shown to be unreliable despite the use of more accurate methods. In addition, Mytilus edulis circulating haemocytes present large variations and the assumption of their homogeneity in terms of time, individuals or methods used cannot be made. These results challenge the conclusions of many past publications regarding causalities established between potential stresses and measured effects. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms regulating the circulating haemocytes, the inter-individual variability and to improve investigation methods.
10
Limbeck, Susan J. "The Role of Larval Thermal Tolerance in the Distribution of Blue Mussel Species within the Gulf of Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LimbeckSJ2003.pdf.
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Maloy, Aaron P. "Gametogenic Cycles of Marine Mussels, Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus, in Cobscook Bay, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MaloyAP2001.pdf.
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12
Beadman, Helen A. "The sustainability of mussel cultivation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273559.
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Mesquita, M. M. F. "Bacterial and bacteriophage investigations using the mussel Mytilus edulis." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380755.
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Galbraith, Colin A. "Eider Somateria mollissima predation of cultivated mussels Mytilus edulis." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602253.
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This thesis investigates the ecology of the eider Somateria mollissima in the sealochs of Western Scotland with particular reference to their impact on mussel Mytilus edulis farms. The numbers of eiders within sealochs showed seasonal variations with numbers increasing over February and March to reach a peak in April for all years. A summer decline in numbers was followed by an increase in the early autumn of all study years. Numbers then declined in lochs during the late autumn and early winter periods - a time when numbers in the Clyde estuary showed a corresponding increase. Mussel farms are now present in many sealochs along the West coast of Scotland. Farming is by suspended cultivation using either long-lines or raft flotation. Farms hold a concentrated supply of mussels which are within the size range normally consumed by Eiders. Cultivated mussels are thinner shelled and have a greater flesh content than similar sized individuals from adjacent intertidal populations. Peak numbers of Eiders at farms tended to increase with successive years of cultivation on site. Numbers fluctuated seasonally with large numbers present at farms in spring and autumn of most years. One farm on Loch Etive did, however, have a peak in Eider attendance during the summer. Spring flocks at farms tended to consist mostly of adults, while autumnal flocks were predominantly made up of juvenile birds. There was an excess of males in spring flocks at farms and both sexes arrived and departed simultaneously. A turnover of individuals was seen to take place at farms, with successive groups of birds moving through, giving rise to peaks and troughs in attendance over short periods of time. No definite feeding routine by birds at farms was apparent. The dive duration of birds feeding at suspended ropes decreased when they were scared as did the inter-dive period. The number of dives per feeding bout was seen to alter on sane occasions when birds were scared, scared adults spent less time loafing near ropes than did unscared adults, rather, all their time near ropes was spent actively feeding. Damage to ropes was approximately 2.6 kg of mussels per bird day. It is not inferred that this quantity was actually consumed by the birds but was removed from the ropes by their actions. Damage was visible as ropes completely or partly stripped or where selective removal of particular sizes of mussel had occurred. Plastic fringes placed around rafts were seen to be a useful short-term protective technique. Where alternative food was available then the value of fringes protecting stock was enhanced. Netting was also seen to be a useful protective technique and when placed around long-lines or rafts it may reduce the profitability of feeding at farms to birds by increasing their dive duration necessary to reach the mussel stock. Trials with horizontal and vertical netting around ropes led to a decrease in predation but did not completely eliminate feeding by Eiders at one study raft. The protection strategy enployed on farms must consider the number of birds feeding at the ropes and their pattern of attendance (turnover). Scaring activities and the use of physical barriers could then be pulsed to coincide with periods of maximum likelihood of damage occurring. Farm type and size is also important in protection, with raft based units likely to be easier to protect than long-lines. Similarly, larger farms may be more cost-effective to protect than smaller units.
15
Snodden, Linda M. "Effects of harvesting on Mytilus edulis and Cerastoderma edule populations in Dundrum Inner Bay." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241497.
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Pipe, R. K. "Haemocytes of the mussel Mytilus edulis : aspects of defence mechanisms." Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638536.
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The blood cells of the common blue mussel Mytilus edulis have been characterized using a range of criteria including, electron microscopy, lectin-affinity and enzyme localization. Three distinct sub-populations of haemocyte have been identified; these can be characterized on the basis of ultrastructural morphology as small agranular cells, granular cells containing small granules and granular cells containing large granules. Lectin-binding studies have shown the small granules of the granular cells to be positive for Helix pomatia lectin (HPA) indicating the presence of N-acetyl-α-galactosaminyl residues within the granules. The larger granules were not positive for HPA but did bind wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) which has an affinity for N-acetyl-β-glucosaminyl residues and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine oligomers. Furthermore the WGA-positive granules demonstrated a differential pattern of binding according to granule size, so that peripheral labelling was observed for granules of around 0.5 μm diameter whereas labelling occurred throughout the matrix for granules over 1 μm diameter. The lectin binding studies also demonstrated binding of both HPA and WGA as well as Tetragonolobus purpureas lectin( TPA) to the plasma membrane of a number of haemocytes; however the results did not demonstrate any correlation between surface lectin binding and cell type, as defined by the ultrastructural morphology. A range of hydrolytic enzymes was localized in association with the large granules of the granular cells, these included arylsulphatase, β-glucuronidase, elastase, lysozyme and cathepsin B, indicating that these granules constitute a form of lysosome. The small granules contained protease enzymes and in particular cathepsin G antibodies showed a high affinity for these granules.
17
Davies, Nicola Anne. "Uptake of heavy metals from artificial sediments by Mytilus edulis." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295239.
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Spry, J. Andy. "Cytochrome P450 gene expression in the common mussel Mytilus edulis." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293766.
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Coffa, Gianguido. "Eicosanoid biosynthesis in the gonads of the mussel Mytilus edulis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369581.
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McMinn, Carrie Louise. "Sustainable management of Mytilus edulis seed resources in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492016.
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The bottom mussel industry in Northern Ireland is threatened by a number of issues arising due to overfishing and variable settlement success of mussel seed. Investigations on the Skullmartin mussel seed bed showed ~gative impacts of dredging. However, as Skullmartin is a sink: for mussel larvae, fishing ofthe bed is likely to be sustainable as long as the source ofthe larvae is maintained. The biodiversity of Skullmartin was adversely affected by dredging. Species richness and diversity decreased after dredging. However, these effects were short-lived, with species richness recovering once dredging had ceased. The transport ofstarfish from seed. bed to relaying site is a problem facing all bottom mussel growers. The mostefficient method to reduce the transport of starfish is to submerge the contents ofthe hold with freshwater. This led to 100 % mortality of starfish after 12 hours. Desiccation ofstarfish, which is used in the 1'.Torthern Ireland industry, was found to be inefficient as it required 48 hours to cause 100 % mortality, with . large mussel mortality also occurring after this time. As mussel seed is a limited resource it is imperative that it is managed efficiently. Relaying trials found that although meat content and shell length are adversely affected by an increasing relaying density, it is the marketable yield which is most affected, ,with a density of75 tha-l exceeding the carrying capacity of the study site. Spat collectors, were examined as a sustainable source ofmussel seed. Peaks in settlement appeared in the summer and Belfast Lough was found to have a significantly larger settlement than Carlingford Lough due to the larger coverage of licensed mussel relaying plot in Belfast Lough which can directly attribute to the larval supply in the Lough.
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Pereira, Barbosa Tereza Cristina. "Le processus d'accumulation des bactéries chez les mollusques bivalves : Etude expérimentale chez Mytilus edulis." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2007.
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L'amelioration de techniques d'analyses et d'epuration des coquillages destines a la consommation humaine necessite la connaissance prealable du processus d'accumulation des bacteries chez ces animaux. L'etude bacteriologique effectuee simultanement sur l'eau de mer environnante et divers compartiments de la moule (mytilus edulis) a revele que l'accumulation des bacteries est en relation avec l'activite nutritionnelle de l'animal et se produit essentiellement dans l'intestin posterieur. La microflore ainsi accumulee se caracterise par son aptitude a la degradation de la matiere organique. Ceci est confirme par des experimentations de contamination in vitro qui montrent que le developpement bacterien dans la tracus digestif est favorise par la presence de nourriture. L'ensemble du processus nutritionnel et de ses repercussions sur les bacteries est decrit. Differentes solutions sont proposees pour l'analyse des bivalves en fonction du but recherche
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Noël, Danièle. "Etude des hémocytes et d'une néoplasie hémocytaire chez les moules Mytilus Edulis et Mytilus Trossulus (mollusca, Bivalvia)." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28197.
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Hunt, Heather L. "Structure and dynamics of intertidal mussel (Mytilus trossulus, M. edulis) assemblages." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36556.pdf.
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Butterworth, Kevin Geoffrey. "The sublethal effects of sulphide on Arctica islandica and Mytilus edulis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394833.
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Alamri, Ohoud. "Ionising radiation-induced DNA damage response in marine mussels, Mytilus edulis." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/38114/.
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The effects of ionising radiation (IR) present in aquatic environments have been observed principally in vertebrate species but the potential biological impacts for aquatic invertebrate species are less clear. It is important to determine the influence of IR as a pollutant causing DNA damage in invertebrates at the molecular level since this may serve as an early warning of future population level repercussions. In this study, the biological effects of the IR as an environemntal contaminant at the molecular level was investigated by studying the induction of DNA damage, measured as mRNA expression of DNA repair genes and comet damage, in experimentally- and environmentally-exposed mussels, M. edulis. The experimental exposure consisted of different IR doses (1, 2, 10 and 50 Gy) and sampling at different post-exposure time points (1hr, 4 and 7 days). The environmental exposure was investigated using mussels collected from a contaminated site (Ravenglass Estuary) and a reference site (Brighton Marina). Two new molecular biomarkers were developed and employed. The first involves Rad51, a key protein in resynthesis, catalyzing and transferring of strands between broken sequences and its homologues in double strand break (DSBs) damage. The second biomarker involved a cell cycle checkpoint protein, check point kinase 1 (Chk1). To explore the activation of Rad51 and Chk1 mRNA activity as a result of exposure to IR, Rad51 and Chk1 mRNA in M. edulis were partially isolated and characterized and a quantitative assay developed to measure their expression using real-time PCR. Experimental exposure of M. edulis to IR (1, 2, 10 and 50 Gy) resulted in a statistically significant increase in the levels of Rad51 transcripts. Chk1 mRNA expression levels, initially investigated in the experimental group, were altered following exposure to IR. In the samples collected from the environment, Rad51 mRNA expression levels were increased in Ravenglass M. edulis gonad samples compared with the reference samples from Brighton Marina. In contrast, Chk1 transcripts decreased in Ravenglass M. edulis gonad samples compared to Brighton samples. The observed effects, and the potential role of both Rad51 and Chk1 in the IR DNA damage response of mussels are discussed.
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Chamberlain, Jon. "Modelling the environmental impacts of suspended mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) farming." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2002. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/5595.
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The potential impacts of marine aquaculture operations on the environment are reviewed. The reported effects of suspended mussel farms on the benthic environment are examined and the potential impacts discussed. A framework to assess the impacts of suspended mussel farms is presented. The use of simulation models to predict the impact of fish farm wastes on the benthic environment is discussed and the mathematical theory supporting such models is presented. The applicability of these models to mussel farming is discussed and the data required to undertake such modelling identified. The effect of increased sedimentation on the macrobenthic community, physical structure and biogeochemistry of the surficial sediment around three suspended mussel farms are examined. At one site, the benthic community was subjected to bulk sedimentation, organic enrichment and reduced macrobenthic infaunal diversity. Elevated levels of organic carbon were recorded close to the farm. At the remaining two sites, benthic impacts were less clear and not demonstrably due to the mussel farms. The settling velocity of mussel faeces and pseudofaeces was required to enable modelling of particles ejected from the farm sites. An experiment was devised to measure this parameter.- The settling velocity of mussel faeces (~0.5 cms-I ) was less than pseudofaeces (~1 cms-I ). Differences in these settling velocities were attributed to the organic content and particle size of the excreted matter. The particle tracking model DEPOMOD (Cromey et at., 2000a) was used as a platform from which to develop a simulation model predicting the benthic impact of suspended mussel farms. Parameters within the model were modified to be represent a mussel farming scenario. Data from the three sites surveyed were applied to the model. Although the model results compared favourably with the field data, the model tended to overestimate the benthic impact as measured by the Infaunal Trophic Index. The results of the model are discussed and improvements and further experiments are identified.
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Da, Silva Diogo Trajano Gomes. "Bacteriophages as indicators of human enteric viruses in mussels (Mytilus edulis)." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c1b29025-df29-41e1-a854-ab6afeb490f6.
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Filter-feeding bivalve molluscs bio-accumulate pathogens and are the principal vectors of human seafood-related illness. Whilst the adoption of bacterial indicators for shellfish monitoring has reduced the threat of bacterial infections associated with their consumption, enteric viral pathogens, particularly Norovirus, continue to pose a significant threat to human health. Approaches that may further help to reduce the incidence of human viral infections associated with the consumption of bivalve molluscs include the adoption of viral indicators (bacteriophages), direct pathogen detection and microbial source tracking (MST) in shellfish and their overlying waters. Bacteriophages infecting the human-specific Bacteroides fragilis strain GB-124 have recently been used successfully as a low-cost MST tool, and they may represent a potential surrogate for the presence of human Norovirus in bivalve molluscan shellfisheries. However, little is known about their presence in shellfish overlying waters and shellfish matrices, or how their presence correlates with the presence of human Norovirus. A two-year field-based research study was therefore undertaken to assess the occurrence of bacterial (E. coli, faecal coliforms and intestinal enterococci) and viral indicators (somatic coliphages, F-RNA and GB-124 phages) in mussel (Mytilus edulis) sample matrices (overlying waters, flesh and intravalvular liquid and digestive gland) in a river estuary in Southeast England. Furthermore, the occurrence of human Norovirus in mussel digestive gland was analysed using a real-time quantitative PCR. Based on the E. coli levels recorded in mussels, the site would be classified as a class ‘B’ harvesting area. There was a marked seasonality in the occurrence of all indicators and Norovirus. Autumn and winter months accounted for the highest levels. Somatic coliphages were the most abundant phage (and were always detected), followed by F-RNA and GB-124 phages, which were undetected in 7.1% and 40% of samples respectively, mainly during the summer and spring months. The mussel digestive gland was the most ‘sensitive’ matrix, recording the highest percentage of positive samples for all indicators. All bacteriophages correlated better with the occurrence of Norovirus in all mussel matrices than did E. coli. Somatic coliphages demonstrated the highest Spearman’s correlation coefficients in mussel overlying waters (rho=0.859), and mussel flesh and intravalvular liquid (rho=0.761), while F-RNA phages demonstrated the highest coefficients in mussel digestive gland (rho=0.879). GB-124 phages were more consistently detected during autumn and winter months, and demonstrated the highest correlation coefficient with Norovirus (rho=0.840) in the mussel digestive gland matrix, when these seasons were analysed separately. Importantly, the highest level of GB-124 phages recorded coincided with the highest concentrations of Norovirus (even exceeding somatic coliphages concentrations), indicating a strong human faecal contamination. Therefore, enumeration of bacteriophages may offer a practical tool to indicate contamination of shellfish and their overlying waters by enteric viral pathogens (either during routine monitoring or as part of a risk assessment of proposed harvesting areas), potentially representing a highly valuable contribution to human health protection.
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KELLNER, COUSIN KRISTELL. "Contribution a l'etude du systeme neuroendocrine de la moule mytilus edulis." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN2051.
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Dans le cadre de ce travail, l'etude du systeme neuroendocrine de la moule mytilus edulis a ete envisagee sous plusieurs aspects qui definissent les quatre grandes parties de la these: dans une premiere partie est decrit le travail de preparation et de caracterisation d'anticorps monoclonaux (acmc) specifiques de ganglions cerebroides (gc) de mytilus edulis. Le developpement de techniques de preparation d'acmc diriges contre des antigenes non purifies a en effet permis de produire un ensemble de reactifs de type acmc diriges contre differents antigenes issus d'un broyat de gc de moule. La specificite de ces acmc a ete etudiee en microscopie optique puis electronique selon des techniques immunocytochimiques (immunoperoxydase indirecte et immunogold). La recherche de neuropeptides circulant dans l'hemolymphe, soit sous forme libre, soit fixes sur des hemocytes a ete envisagee en criblant les acmc en immunofluorescence ou par immunodosage enzymatique (elisa). L'elisa a ete mis au point sur un extrait de ganglions cerebroides de moule puis applique sur de l'hemolymphe filtree afin d'identifier les anticorps specifiques d'epitope libres; les anticorps marqueurs d'epitopes presents sur les hemocytes ont ete identifies en immunofluorescence sur primocultures d'hemocytes. La possibilite d'un effet direct des neurosecretions sur les hemocytes a ete prise en compte: un test biologique in vitro permettant d'evaluer les capacites phagocytaires des hemocytes est disponible chez la moule; il consiste a mesurer la chimioluminescence emise par une suspension hemocytaire en presence d'un extrait de gc et permet d'aborder les interactions entre les interactions entre les systemes neuroendocrine et immunitaire. Les tous premiers elements de cette etude ont mis en evidence un net effet inhibiteur des ganglions sur l'activite phagocytaire des hemocytes. Les resultats de cette caracterisation des specificites des differents acmc ont permis de selectionner les anticorps les plus adaptes a la purification future de neurosecretions par immunoaffinite. Parmi les anticorps monoclonaux produits et caracterises, l'un d'entre eux (acmc 46) presentait un profil en immunoperoxydase sur coupe de ganglions particulierement interessant par comparaison aux profils obtenus avec differents anticorps anti-insuline d'autres invertebres. Or chez les mollusques, les molecules de type insuline sont particulierement interessantes puisqu'elles semblent etre impliquees dans les mecanismes lies a la croissance. Chez le moule un biotest actuellement disponible permet de caracteriser les facteurs neurohormonaux impliques dans la croissance en mesurant leur effet sur l'incorporation d'acides amines marques dans des cellules de bords de manteaux. Apres fractionnement de l'extrait ganglionnaire par hplc en fonction du poids moleculaire, deux fractions ont montre un fort effet activateur de l'incorporation d'acides amines. La premiere correspondait a des molecules de pm egal a 1000 da; la seconde correspondait a des molecules eluees en meme temps que l'insuline. Par ailleurs, cet effet a ete inhibe lorsque l'extrait ganglionnaire etait mis en presence de l'acmc 46. La recherche de genes correspondant a des proteines de type insuline a fait l'objet de la quatrieme partie de cette these. Cette recherche a ete abordee selon deux techniques fondees sur l'existence de zones d'homologies entre les genes identifies chez plusieurs especes d'invertebres. La premiere de ces techniques consiste a amplificier in vitro des regions de ces genes. Les sequences amplifiees par pcr sont ensuite clonees et sequencees puis comparees aux sequences connues. Cette technique permet d'acquerir rapidement des informations precises, mais reste aleatoire quant aux resultats obtenus. Aussi, une deuxieme technique, plus longue a mettre en uvre mais generalement moins aleatoire a-t-elle ete utilisee: une banque d'adnc de ganglions de moules a ete construite puis criblee avec des oligonucleotides consensus degeneres prepares a partir de sequences connues apparentees a l'insuline. Cette banque, desormais disponible, permettra dans l'avenir, d'identifier des transcrits codant pour des precurseurs impliques dans le controle neuroendocrine des processus physiologiques de mytilus edulis
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Salgado, Maria Antonia Santos Mendes. "The effects of vegetable oil contamination on mussels." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effects-of-vegetable-oil-contamination-on-mussels(a001885f-2570-447b-90fb-d4cc6630d1e9).html.
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In this study the effects of the vegetable oils rapeseed, linseed, olive and sunflower oil on mussel performance were investigated. In view of the scarse knowledge of the effects of vegetable oil spills on marine life, unlike petroleum spills which have been extensively studied, this investigation was directed towards an evaluation of the impact of vegetable oil contamination in the marine environment using Mytilus edulis as a bioindicator organism. The growth of mussels, their tolerance to changing salinities and temperatures, their behaviour and vegetable oil metabolism were studied. Fatty acid composition of mussels. microalgae and vegetable oils was also determined. All the vegetable oils studied had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Mytilus edulis, the growth rate of mussels after four weeks of exposure to the oils being 5 times lower than the growth rates of the control mussels. Growth rates were assessed by a photographic method which proved to be practical and provided sufficient precision in detect small increases in growth. Vegetable oils caused mortalities and they changed the fatty acid composition of mussels. Other biological responses of mussels are also affected by sunflower oil exposure: gaping time, tolerance to low salinities and foot extension activity, of which the latter may be of ecological significance. An uptake and accumulation of fatty acids in mussels marked the presence of vegetable oils, however, fatty acid metabolism was only detected after the oils had been removed. The results of this study indicate that contrary to what is believed, vegetable oils should not be overlooked under the argument of their edibility and biodegradability but instead should be included in oil spill contingency planning because they can cause mortality and disrupt the growth of wild and cultured mussels.
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Lhafi, Soumaya Katherine. "Untersuchungen zum bakteriellen und viralen Kontaminationsstatus von Miesmuscheln (Mytilus edulis) deutscher Herkunft." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980725968.
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Thomsen, Jörn [Verfasser]. "Impact of elevated pCO2 on the ecophysiology of Mytilus edulis / Jörn Thomsen." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023040727/34.
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Del, Rio Portilla Miguel Angel. "Genetic aspects of Mytilus edulis in relation to spawning and hatchery culture." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307218.
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Cayford, J. T. "The foraging behaviour of oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) feeding on mussels (Mytilus edulis)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381286.
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Waack, Julia. "Uptake and depuration of cyanotoxins in the common blue mussel Mytilus edulis." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2447.
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Cyanobacteria produce a variety of secondary metabolites which possess amongst others antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Being primary producers they are also a vital component within the food web. However, certain strains also produce toxic metabolites such as the hepatotoxins microcystin (MC) and nodularin (NOD). Their toxicity in combination with the increasing global occurrence has resulted in a drinking water guideline limit of 1 μg L-1 being issued by the World Health Organisation (WHO). However, these toxins are not only present in water, but can be accumulated by fish and shellfish. Currently, no regulations regarding cyanotoxin contaminated seafood has been established despite similar toxicity to routinely monitored marine toxins such as domoic acid (DA). To facilitate regular monitoring, a high performance liquid chromatography photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) analysis method for the detection of DA was optimised to enable the simultaneous detection of DA and nine cyanotoxins. This method was then utilised to determine cyanotoxin concentration in laboratory cyanobacteria strains. To assess the accumulation and depuration of cyanotoxins in the common blue mussel Mytilus edulis, three feeding trials were performed. During these, mussels were exposed to two cyanobacteria strains, Nodularia spumigena KAC66, Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7813, both individually and simultaneously. A rapid dose dependent accumulation of cyanotoxins was observed with maximum concentration of 3.4 -17 μg g-1 ww accumulated by M. edulis, which was followed by a much slower depuration observed. During the final feeding trial, with N. spumigena KAC 66 and M. aeruginosa PCC7813, cyanotoxins were still detectable following 27 days of depuration. Mortality in all studies was 7% or less indicating that most mussels were unaffected by the maximum dose of 480 μg L-1 NOD (feeding study 1), 390 μg L-1 MC (feeding study 2), or 130 μg L-1 total cyanotoxins (feeding trial 3), respectively. Mortality in negative control tanks was lower throughout all three feeding trials ( < 1 - 2.6%). Consumption of a typical portion size (20 mussels) would result in ingestion of cyanotoxins at levels significantly higher than the WHO recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2.4 μg NOD and/or MCs for a 60 kg adult. This value was exceeded not only during the exposure period (maximum levels 270 - 1370 μg cyanotoxins per 20 mussels), but also at the end of the depuration period 39-600 μg cyanotoxins per 20 mussels. These results illustrated that cyanotoxin monitoring of seafood should be considered not only during, but also following bloom events. In an attempt to investigate the cyanotoxin budget of the experimental system, not only mussels, but cyanobacteria cultures, the tank water, and the mussel faeces were also analysed for their cyanotoxin content. Results showed that large quantities of MCs and NOD were unaccounted for during all exposure trials. The combined effect of cyanotoxin metabolism in M. edulis, biotic and/or abiotic degradation, protein binding, and losses during the extraction and analysis were thought to have contributed to the unaccounted cyanotoxin fraction. Mussel flesh was analysed for the presence of glutathione or cysteine conjugates, however, there was no evidence of their occurrence in the samples tested. Due to these discrepancies in the toxin budget of the system, the introduction of correction factors for the analysis of cyanotoxins in M. edulis was suggested in order to protect the general public.
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Winterbourn, J. Ben. "Norovirus contamination of Mytilus edulis shellfisheries : assessing the threat to human health." Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/norovirus-contamination-of-mytilus-edulis-shellfisheries--assessing-the-threat-to-human-health(1eccde3a-5d4a-4c3d-a5a2-c2cfd6b85b78).html.
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Bierne, Nicolas. "Barrières au flux génique en milieu marin : sélection et dispersion larvaire dans la zone d'hybridation des moules côtières Mytilus edulis et M. galloprovincialis." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20142.
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Les zones d'hybridation sont des laboratoires naturels pour l'étude de la spéciation. Le modèle de la zone de tension (équilibre entre migration et contre-sélection des hybrides) a été illustré par de nombreuses études sur des organismes terrestres, mais les espèces marines ont été peu étudiées. Pourtant, les organismes marins possèdent souvent des potentiels de dispersion bien supérieurs à la plupart des organismes terrestres du fait d'une phase larvaire planctonique très dispersive, et ils peuvent illustrer comment une zone hybride se comporte avec de forts taux de migration. Nous avons étudié ici la zone hybride en mosai͏̈que des moules côtières Mytilus edulis et M. Galloprovincialis en Europe en utilisant des marqueurs PCR neutres. La transition entre les populations M. Edulis de Mer du Nord et les M. Galloprovincialis ibériques n'est pas graduelle. La structure géographique de la zone est une mosai͏̈que à double échelle. A grande échelle, trois zones d'hybridation indépendantes se succèdent délimitant deux patchs enclavés en Bretagne (M. Galloprovincialis) et en Charente (M. Edulis), isolés de leur population conspécifique périphérique par le patch de l'autre espèce. A petite échelle, au sein de chacune des trois zones d'hybridation, des populations pures des deux types peuvent alterner rapidement formant une micro-mosai͏̈que. . . /. . .
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Min, Hojune. "Effects of nutrients from fish farms on culture of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14589.
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Intensive salmonid cage culture releases nutrients and organic matter that lead eutrophication of coastal waters. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) is receiving great attention as a means of reducing organic/inorganic nutrient loads to the environment and increasing productivity by rearing viable secondary organisms. In this study blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) were cultured close to a salmon (Salmo salar) cage farm at Tristen, Bjugn in Sør Trøndelag, Central Norway from June 2010 to February 2011. 3 experimental stations at the fish farming area and 2 reference stations (1.8 and 3.6 km away from the fish farm, respectively) were positioned to test if the integrated mussel culture reduces the environmental impact from salmon cage culture.Highest water temperature recorded was 14.3 °C in July. Water temperature was above 10 °C until middle of October and the lowest was 3.1 °C in winter. Total particulate matter (TPM) and chlorophyll a contents varied 6.3 – 10.5 mg L-1 and 0.1 - 2.5 µg L-1, respectively. The mussel (n=450) length increased from 31.1±0.04 mm (standard length±SE) to 41.5±0.17 mm. The mussel growth was high in summer (June – September) and was close to zero in the winter (October – February). Multiple regression analysis showed that water temperature was the prime factor affecting condition index (CI) (meat dry weight/shell dry weight) and specific growth rate (SGR) of mussel. No differences were found in the environmental variables and food availabilities among the stations. Significantly higher CIs at the experimental stations (station 1, 2 and 3) than at the reference stations were caused by utilization of fish farm discharges by the mussels. Fatty acids 18:1 (n-9), 18:2 (n-6) and 20:5 (n-3) signatures and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 in the digestive gland tissue of mussels collected in February support the findings. SGR in shell length was highest at reference station 5 (0.29 % day-1 in summer and 0.02 % day-1 in winter). This result might be caused by slow current speed at the station.It is concluded that, mussels may play an important role reducing environmental impact from salmon farm and it gives a possibility to integrating mussels on the salmon cage culture.
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Wood, Ann Rosemary. "The effect of hybridisation on mitochondrial DNA inheritance in the Mytilus edulis complex." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391434.
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Parry, Helen Elizabeth. "The immune function of developmental stages of Mytilus edulis and effects of stressors." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42985.
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The aim of this thesis was to assess immune function in developmental stages of the marine mussel, Mytilus edulis. Light and electron microscopy studies were carried out to examine haemocytes of larval, postlarval and adult mussels. The susceptibility of both larval and postlarval mussels to several common marine bacteria were examined. Three species of bacteria that have been linked with disease outbreaks were studied; namely Vibrio tubiashii, Vibrio alginolyticus and Alteromonas haloplanktis. Interactive effects of pollutants (copper and phenanthrene) and food availability on the susceptibility of postlarvae to bacteria was also examined. In summary, it was found that larval M. edulis were more susceptible to the bacteria examined than postlarvae. The susceptibility of postlarvae to bacteria altered with the introduction of stressors. Food deprivation and co-exposure to phenanthrene increased the susceptibility of postlarvae to V tubiashii. However, co-exposure to copper decreased the susceptibility of the postlarvae to V tubiashii. There were shown to be strong seasonal effects that further altered the susceptibility of postlarvae to bacteria, these effects were thought to be due to nutritional status of the postlarvae as opposed to reproductive effects as the postlarvae were reproductively immature. The ontogeny of M. edulis haemocytes was examined. Blood cells were not detected in electron micrographs of D-shell larvae but were identified in both in situ in postlarval sections processed for electron microscopy as well as in haemolymph samples taken from postlarvae. A previously undescribed blood cell type was reported in postlarvae, lending support to the model put forward by Mix (1976) stating that all mussel haemocytes derive from a single cell line.
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LE, GUEN SOPHIE. "Caracterisation de l'arome des moules (mytilus edulis) par analyse sensorielle, chromatographique et olfactometrique." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT2079.
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En france, 100 000 tonnes de moules sont consommees par an. Dans la problematique actuelle de securite et de tracabilite, il est necessaire de mettre en place des reperes de qualite. C'est dans ce contexte que se situe cette etude dont l'objectif est de differencier des lots de moules issus de lieu et de mode de production differents selon les composes odorants. La chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplee a l'olfactometrie permet une determination directe des composes odorants, en utilisant le nez humain en tant que detecteur. Afin d'obtenir des resultats fiables, il est necessaire de travailler avec des outils adaptes au produit et a l'etude. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, 13 juges ont ete entrainees a la reconnaissance d'odeurs par l'intermediaire du champ des odeurs. Puis, 3 methodes olfactometriques ont ete comparees : la methode des frequences de detection, l'osme et l'aeda. Le degre de correlation entre les resultats obtenus par ces trois methodes est tres fort. Trois techniques d'extraction ont ensuite ete appliquees aux moules : l'espace de tete dynamique, l'extraction distillation simultanee et la distillation sous vide. Les trois extraits ont ete compares par etude de la representativite d'extraits puis par analyse des composes volatils et des composes odorants. Au total, 115 composes volatils ont ete identifies et 43 zones odorantes ont ete detectees. Le methional et le (z)-4-heptenal semblent etre responsables de l'odeur de pomme de terre cuite caracteristique des moules cuites. L'extrait issu de distillation sous vide est le seul a posseder toutes les caracteristiques odorantes des moules cuites. Cette technique a donc ete utilisee pour caracteriser les composes cles de l'arome des moules cuites. La cpg-o effectuee sur des extraits de moules issus de distillation sous vide a permis de mettre en evidence des differences entre des moules de bouchot de la baie du mont saint michel et des moules sauvages de barfleur.
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Lindberg, Johanna, and Jakob Forssell. "Läkemedelseffekter på marina organismer : En studie gjord på Mytilus Edulis Trossulus och Citalopram." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40565.
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Denna studien har gjorts på blåmusslor, Mytilus edulis trossulus, för att undersöka effekter av det antidepressiva läkemedlet Citalopram på blåmusslans fysiologiska funktioner. Blåmusslan är en vanligt förekommande art i Östersjön där den fungerar som en nyckelart som; bidrar till den biologiska mångfalden, är långt ner i näringskedjan och är anpassningsbar. Dessa egenskaper gör den även lämpad som testorganism i denna studie. Citalopram är ett av Sveriges vanligaste läkemedel för att behandla psykisk ohälsa och den verkar genom att blockera återupptaget av serotonin i hjärnan och ingår i läkemedelsgruppen serotoninhämmare (SSRI). Serotonin påverkar flera olika funktioner i kroppen såsom rörelseförmåga, sinnesstämningar och mättnadskänsla. Läkemedel inklusive Citalopram återfinns i sjöar och vattendrag, detta för att läkemedel inte renas bort i våra reningsverk och för att det idag inte finns några krav på läkemedelsrening i svenska avloppsreningsverk. Läkemedel tillverkas för att vara aktiva vid låga koncentrationer vilket gör att de även har en negativ effekt på marina organismer. I denna studie har vi analyserat effekter av Citalopram på blåmusslans fysiologiska funktioner genom tre analyser, filtrering, rörelse och produktion av byssustrådar i tre olika koncentrationer (0 ng/l, 20 ng/l och 200 ng/l). Analyserna utfördes under två tidsperioder, exponering av läkemedel under 96 timmar samt remediering utan läkemedel under 72 timmar. Studien visar en signifikant skillnad i filtrering (P-värde = 0.04416) mellan grupperna under exponeringen där fler blåmusslor som var exponerade för 200 ng/l visade en lägre filtreringsaktivitet (fler individer var helt stängda). Under remedieringen observerades en signifikant högre mortalitet bland blåmusslor som exponerats för 200 ng/l (P-värde = 0.01347). Blåmusslor exponerade för 200 ng/l Citalopram visade även en lägre produktion av byssustrådar (P-värde= 0.02702). I den här studien kan vi se att läkemedlet Citalopram har en negativ påverkan på flera av blåmusslans fysiologiska funktioner.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the antidepressant drug Citalopram on blue mussels, Mytilus edulis trossulus, in the Baltic Sea. The blue mussel is a common species that is considered a key species in the Baltic Sea as it contributes to biodiversity, and is adaptable which makes it suitable as a test organism in this study. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants and a common SSRI substance is Citalopram. This substance is one of Sweden's most common drugs for treating mental illness. Serotonin affects several different functions in the body such as movement, mood and saturation. Many pharmaceuticals including Citalopram are found in lakes and streams, this is because pharmaceuticals are not purified in our wastewater treatment plants and there is no requirements for filtration of pharmaceuticals in Swedish wastewater treatment plants as of today. Pharmaceuticals are manufactured to be active even at low concentrations, a negative side effect of this is that it is also active in the environment causing negative effects on marine organisms. In this study, we analyzed the effects of Citalopram on the physiological functions of the blue mussel by three analyzes; filtration, movement and production of byssus threads using three different concentrations (0 ng /l, 20 ng/l och 200 ng/l) of Citalopram. The analyzes were carried out over two time periods, exposure of drugs for 96 hours and remediation without drugs for 72 hours. The study shows a significant difference in filtration (P-value = 0.04416) between the groups during exposure, where more blue mussels that were exposed to 200 ng/l showed a lower filtration activity (more individuals completely closed). During the remediation, a significantly higher mortality was observed among blue mussels exposed to 200 ng/l (P value = 0.01347). Blue mussels exposed to 200 ng/l Citalopram also showed lower production of byssus threads (P value = 0.02702). In this study we can see that the drug Citalopram has a negative effect on several of the blue mussel's physiological functions.
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Sukovich, Ninél, and Jennifer Backman. "Kan musselextrakt (Mytilus edulis) inducera födosök hos omnivoren ruda, Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758)?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31658.
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Over the last three decades there has been a significant increase in aquaculture production and the demand for farmed fish is predicted to rise further. More fish are being caught to become fishmeal in aquaculture, than for direct human consumption use, while a large number of fish stocks are being depleted. Many popular farmed species are carnivores and thus brought up on a diet consisting of fishmeal and fish oil. However, several studies have shown that several fish species can be brought up on a diet consisting of mussel meal instead of fishmeal. If so, this finding can possibly lead to a more sustainable fishing in the future by reducing the number of wild-caught fish. The purpose of this study has been to examine if mussel meal extract can induce foraging in the omnivorous species crucian carp (Carassius carassius), a commercial fish that is mainly farmed in China. Induced foraging can indicate that crucian carp could become accustomed to mussels, even though mussels are not part of its natural food source. The results revealed that foraging was induced in the crucian carp by conventional feed for carp, the control diet, but not by extract of mussels.Vattenbruket har ökat markant under de senaste tre decennierna och idag går mer fisk till foderproduktion för fiskodlingar än vad som konsumeras direkt av människan. Detta är problematiskt då många fiskbestånd är utarmade, samtidigt ökar efterfrågan på fisk. Många populära matfiskar är rovfiskar som huvudsakligen matas med fiskbaserat foder. Ett flertal studier har emellertid visat att flera fiskarter potentiellt kan födas upp på blåmusslor (Mytilus edulis) istället för fiskbaserat foder. Foder som huvudsakligen baseras på musslor kan därför i framtiden möjligen bidra till att minska överexploatering av fisk. Denna studie undersökte om musselextrakt kan inducera ett födosök hos omnivoren ruda (Carassius carassius), som idag odlas och används som matfisk framförallt i Kina. I så fall kan det indikera att ruda möjligen kan vänjas vid musslor, trots att det inte ingår i fiskens naturliga föda. Resultaten i studien visade att ett födosök inducerades hos ruda gentemot extrakt av vanligt karpfoder, kontrollsubstansen, men inte gentemot musselextrakt.
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Lüdeking, Alexander. "Multi-xenobiotic resistance (MXR) transporters and biotransformation enzymes in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/75046.
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Buschbaum, Christian. "Siedlungsmuster und Wechselbeziehungen von Seepocken (Cirripedia) auf Muschelbänken (Mytilus edulis L.) im Wattenmeer = Recruitment patterns and biotic interactions of barnacles (Cirripedia) on mussel beds (Mytilus edulis L.) in the Wadden Sea /." Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/340989084.pdf.
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Bers, Anna Valeria [Verfasser]. "Antifouling potection at different scales : multiple defence in Mytilus edulis and the global performance of mytilid microtopographies / Anna Valeria Bers." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1019950951/34.
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Månsson, Conny. "Musselodling : En litteratur- och fältstudie av Blåmusslans (Mytilus edulis) odlingspotential i Laholmsbukten." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3590.
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Övergödning föranlett av ett allt för stort tillskott av näringsämnen utgör sen 1980-talet ett av de största hoten mot den marina miljön i Västerhavet. Till följd av denna extensiva närsalts-belastning uppstår stora algblomningar. Denna massförekomst av mikroalger försämrar livsvillkoren avsevärt för andra havslevande organismer då nedbrytningen av dessa alger ger upphov till syrebrist i havet. I dag arbetar man på flera sätt för att förhindra läckage av näringsämnen ut i havet och vissa forskare anser att halterna av näringsämnen har börjat stabilisera sig. Men mer behöver göras och i Laholmsbukten vilket detta examensarbete kommer att inriktas på ses fortfarande syrehalten periodvis krypa under gränsen för vad havslevande organismer tål. Det huvudsakliga syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka vilka förutsättningar Laholmsbukten har som område för odling av blåmussla avseende musselodling som ett miljöverktyg för att minska eutrofieringens negativa effekter på det marina livet. Detta med inriktning på köttprocent i musslor för att förvissa sig om att kötthalt är tillräckligt hög för försäljning av färsk blåmussla på marknaden. Det har även undersökts i en jämförande studie hur salinitetsavvikelser påverkar torrvikt i blåmussla. Slutsatsen är att det finns uppskattningsvis goda förutsättningar för odlade blåmusslor till humankonsumtion att nå upp till marknadskraven gällande köttprocent i blåmussla vid de undersökta lokalerna.
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Cranford, Peter J. "Temporal perspectives on food acquisition by suspension-feeding bivalves, placopecten magellanicus and mytilus edulis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ36576.pdf.
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Marsters, Tracy Jane. "Comparison of the complete sequences of the M and F genomes of Mytilus edulis." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402495.
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