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1
SANBORN, ALLEN F. "The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Bolivia including the descriptions of fifteen new species, the resurrection of one genus and two species, seven new combinations, six new synonymies, and twenty-eight new records." Zootaxa 4655, no. 1 (August 12, 2019): 1–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4655.1.1.
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The known cicada fauna of Bolivia is identified. Adusella Haupt, 1918 rev. stat. is resurrected and redescribed being elevated from junior synonym status with Odopoea Stål, 1861. Edholmbergi Delétang, 1919 rev. stat, n. syn. is elevated from junior synonymy of Odopoea and synonymized with Adusella rev. stat. Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb., Adusella signata Haupt, 1918 n. comb., and Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb. are transferred or returned to Adusella rev. stat. Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta obtusa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta tenuistriga Walker 1858c rev. stat. and Carineta diplographa Berg 1879 rev. stat. are removed from junior synonymy with Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821). Carineta obtusa rev. stat., n. syn., Carineta tenuistriga rev. stat., n. syn. and Carineta diplographa Berg 1879 rev. stat., n. syn. are considered junior synonyms of Carineta bilineosa rev. stat. Carineta limpida Torres 1948a n. syn. is shown to be a junior synonym of Carineta fasciculata. Carineta turbida Jacobi, 1907 is transferred to the genus Herrera Distant, 1905c to become Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. The genera Diceroprocta Stål, 1870, Orialella Metcalf, 1952, Quesada Distant, 1905c, and Nosola Stål, 1866a are assigned to the Guyalnina Boulard & Martinelli, 1996 within the Fidicinini Distant, 1905d. Tympanoterpes virgulata n. sp., Cracenpsaltria nana n. sp., Guyalna dasyeia n. sp., Guyalna fasciata n. sp., Guyalna polypaga n. sp., Parnisa santacruzensis n. sp., Carineta ensifera n. sp., Carineta hamata n. sp., Carineta pictilis n. sp., Carineta uncinata n. sp., Herrera concolor n. sp., Herrera freiae n. sp., Herrera melanomesocranon n. sp., Herrera phyllodes n. sp., and Herrera signifera n. sp. are described as new. The first records of Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb., Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb., Fidicina christinae Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicina ethelae (Goding, 1925), Fidicina robini Boulard & Martinelli 1996, Fidicinoides descampsi Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides pauliensis Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Fidicinoides sucinalae Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Proarna alalonga Sanborn & Heath, 2014, Proarna bergi (Distant, 1892a), Proarna grisea (Fabricius, 1775), Proarna guttulosa (Walker, 1858b), Proarna insignis Distant, 1881a, Proarna strigicollis Jacobi, 1907, Guyalna distanti (Goding, 1925) Guyalna glauca (Goding, 1925), Guyalna platyrhina Sanborn & Heath, 2014, Guyalna viridifemur (Walker, 1850), Majeorona lutea Distant, 1906d, Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat., Carineta cearana Distant, 1906c, Carineta detoulgoueti Champanhet, 2001, Carineta doxiptera Walker, 1858a, Carineta maculosa Torres, 1948a, Carineta pilifera Walker, 1858c, Carineta rufescens (Fabricius, 1803), Carineta tetraspila Jacobi, 1907, and Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. are provided. The records for Adusella insignifera (Berg, 1879) n. comb. and Adusella venturii (Distant, 1906c) n. comb. are the first records of the tribe Zammarini Distant, 1905b, subtribe Zammarina Distant, 1905a, and genus Adusella, Tympanoterpes virgulata n. sp. is the first record of the genus Tympanoterpes Stål, 1861, Majeorona lutea Distant, 1906d is the first record for the genus Majeorona Distant, 1905d, Parnisa santacruzensis n. sp. is the first record of the genus Parnisa Stål, 1862a for Bolivia, specimens in the type series of Cracenpsaltria nana n. sp. represent the first record of the genus Cracenpsaltria Sanborn, 2016c in Ecuador, and the specimens of Herrera concolor n. sp., Herrera freiae n. sp., Herrera melanomesocranon n. sp., Herrera phyllodes n. sp., and Herrera signifera n. sp., and Herrera turbida (Jacobi, 1907) n. comb. and the new combinations to the genus are the first records of the genus Herrera Distant, 1905c for Bolivia, Brazil, French Guiana, and Peru. New records are provided to expand the ranges of Proarna alalonga Sanborn & Heath, 2014 and Carineta gemella to include Paraguay, the range of Dorisiana noriegai Sanborn & Heath, 2014 to include Paraguay and French Guiana, the range of Guyalna platyrhina to include Brazil, and the range of Carineta cearana to include Colombia. Previous records of Proarna bufo Distant, 1905d and Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821) are considered to be misidentifications P. bergi (Distant, 1892a) and Carineta bilineosa Walker 1858b rev. stat. so that P. bufo and C. fasciculata are removed from the cicada fauna of Bolivia as is Hemisciera maculipennis (de Laporte, 1832) which is shown to have been mistakenly attributed to Bolivia and Argentina. The non-Bolivian Carineta criqualicae Boulard 1986a, Carineta guianaensis Sanborn, 2011a, Carineta quinimaculata Sanborn, 2011a, and Carineta tigrina Boulard 1986a are reassigned to the genus Herrera to become Herrera criqualicae (Boulard, 1986a) n. comb., Herrera guianaensis (Sanborn, 2011a) n. comb., Herrera quinimaculata (Sanborn, 2011a) n. comb., and Herrera tigrina (Boulard, 1986a) n. comb., respectively. A discussion on the species status of Carineta fasciculata (Germar, 1821) is provided to clarify the taxon along with the new synonymy. The currently known Bolivian cicada fauna is comprised of 83 described species from 21 genera, seven tribes and three subfamilies with the new records and new species presented here increasing the known fauna by 107.5%.
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Pereira, Fernando Vieira, Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira, Rodrigo Rizek Schultz, and Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci. "Balance impairment does not necessarily coexist with gait apraxia in mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 74, no. 6 (June 2016): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160063.
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ABSTRACT Currently, there are no studies reporting how much balance impairment coexists with gait apraxia in mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objectives To assess correlations among gait apraxia, balance impairment and cognitive performance in mild (AD1, n = 30) and moderate (AD2, n = 30) AD. Method The following evaluations were undertaken: gait apraxia (Assessment Walking Skills); balance performance (Berg Balance Scale); Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Results While disregarding AD subgroups, Berg Balance Scale and the MMSE correlated significantly with Assessment Walking Skills and 23% of all subjects scored below its cut-off. After stratification, Berg Balance Scale correlated significantly with Assessment Walking Skills in both AD subgroups, and with the MMSE only in AD1. Conclusions Balance impairment does not necessarily coexist with gait apraxia. Gait apraxia is more prevalent in moderate AD when compared with mild AD.
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Ghasemi, Mehdi, Murray Marshall, and Sven Wagner. "Closure of the Cone of Sums of 2d-powers in Certain Weighted ℓ1-seminorm Topologies." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 57, no. 2 (June 14, 2014): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2012-043-9.
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AbstractIn a paper from 1976, Berg, Christensen, and Ressel prove that the closure of the cone of sums of squares in the polynomial ring in the topology induced by the ℓ1-norm is equal to Pos([–1; 1]n), the cone consisting of all polynomials that are non-negative on the hypercube [–1,1]n. The result is deduced as a corollary of a general result, established in the same paper, which is valid for any commutative semigroup. In later work, Berg and Maserick and Berg, Christensen, and Ressel establish an even more general result, for a commutative semigroup with involution, for the closure of the cone of sums of squares of symmetric elements in the weighted -seminorm topology associated with an absolute value. In this paper we give a new proof of these results, which is based on Jacobi’s representation theoremfrom2001. At the same time, we use Jacobi’s representation theorem to extend these results from sums of squares to sums of 2d-powers, proving, in particular, that for any integer d ≥ 1, the closure of the cone of sums of 2d-powers in the topology induced by the -norm is equal to Pos([–1; 1]n).
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Santo, Adriana de Sousa do Espírito, Pamela Cristina Mango, Ana Assumpção, Juliana Ferreira Sauer, and Amélia Pasqual Marques. "Fibromyalgia: is there association between balance and pain? a pilot study." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 21, no. 1 (March 2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/341210114.
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Studies of balance and risk factors for falling typically focus on the elderly population or on individuals with musculoskeletal pain. Although fibromyalgia is associated with intrinsic factors that predispose to falls (pain, depression, fatigue), few studies have researched balance and falls in this syndrome. The aim of this study was to verify the association between balance, balance self-efficacy and pain in women with and without fibromyalgia, and verify the association between Berg Balance Scale and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale). The sample consisted of 48 women aged between 40 and 59 years, divided into two groups: Fibromyalgia group (n=22) and Control group (n=26) with asymptomatic people. Balance was assessed by Berg Balance Scale, balance self-efficacy by the ABC Scale and pain by the visual analog scale. Mean scores for pain, Berg and ABC Scale were 5.4 cm (SD 2.6), 55 (interquartile range 54-56), and 54.6 (SD 26.6) respectively for Fibromyalgia group, and 0 cm, 56 (interquartile range 55-56), and 89.4 (SD 14.4) respectively for Control group. Statistically significant differences were found in balance on comparing both groups (p=0.000 for Berg Balance Scale and 0.009 for ABC Scale) with lower values for Fibromyalgia group. In Fibromyalgia group, pain was negatively correlated with balance (r=-0.48, p=0.020) and balance self-efficacy (rs=-0.56, p=0.006). Correlation between Berg Balance Scale and ABC Scale was found only in the Fibromyalgia group (rs =0.55, p=0.007). There are associations between poor balance and pain, and poor balance and decreased balance self-efficacy in women with fibromyalgia. There is an association between scales in the Fibromyalgia group.
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Pimentel, Renata Martins, and Marcos Eduardo Scheicher. "Comparação do risco de queda em idosos sedentários e ativos por meio da escala de equilíbrio de Berg." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 16, no. 1 (March 2009): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-29502009000100002.
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O envelhecimento da população é um fenômeno mundial, do qual o Brasil apresenta um dos mais agudos processos. A prática regular de exercícios por idosos pode melhorar a capacidade física, proporcionar ganho de auto-estima e confiança, contribuindo para diminuição do risco de quedas, comuns em idosos. Este estudo visou comparar o risco de quedas entre idosos sedentários e ativos, verificando como a prática de exercício físico se reflete no desempenho dos sujeitos na escala de Berg. Foram avaliados por esse instrumento 70 idosos, divididos em 2 grupos: sedentários (n=35) e ativos (n=35). Os escores médios na escala de Berg dos grupos sedentário e ativo foram 47,7±5,6 pontos e 53,6±3,7, respectivamente (p<0,0001). A análise dos escores evidenciou que o grupo sedentário apresentou 15,6 vezes mais risco de quedas do que o grupo ativo (p=0,002). O desempenho na escala de Berg foi pior no grupo sedentário do que no ativo, sugerindo que a prática regular de atividades físicas pode interferir nesse desempenho e que os sujeitos ativos têm menor risco de queda.
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Matejíčka, Ladislav. "On a Conjecture of Alzer, Berg, and Koumandos." Mathematics 8, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8061031.
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In this paper, we find a solution of an open problem posed by Alzer, Berg, and Koumandos: determine ( α , m ) ∈ R + × N such that the function x α | ψ ( m ) ( x ) | is completely monotonic on ( 0 , ∞ ) , where ψ ( x ) denotes the logarithmic derivative of Euler’s gamma function.
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Yastrebtseva, Irina P., Vadim D. Daminov, Lydia Yu Deryabkina, Svetlana V. Vyalkova, and Ksenia V. Makshantsevа. "Remote Rehabilitation of Patients with Impaired Motor Functions in Cerebral Pathology." Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 20, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-1-45-50.
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Introduction. After passing the inpatient rehabilitation program, patients often experience a regression of the results achieved due to the low activity of outpatient rehabilitation. The solution to this problem is the introduction of remote rehabilitation programs. Purpose. To analyze the results of remote patients’ rehabilitation with impaired motor functions in cerebral stroke using Steps Reabil software. Material and methods. 32 patients with stroke were examined at the ISMA clinic. They were randomly assigned to a group of patients who continued a remote course of kinesotherapy using the Steps Reabil program for 3 months. (Steps Reabil group, n = 14) and to the group of people who received recommendations on therapeutic exercises for homework and were not appealing to this software (comparison group, n = 18). At the time of discharge, 1 and 3 months into, the capabilities were evaluated according to the Frenchay, «Stand up and go» tests, the Rivermead mobility index and Hauser Ambulation Index, the Berg Balance Scale, and the EuroQol-5D quality of life questionnaire. Results. When comparing the initial results in the study groups, a statistically significant difference was found between the indicators on the Berg Balance Scale (the indicators were lower in the Steps Rehabil group), but the differences were leveled out after 3 months. When comparing the results in the Steps Reabil group at discharge and after 3 months, there was an improvement as of the Berg Balance Scale, the Rivermead mobility index and the Hauser Ambulation Index, and the Frenchay arm test. In the comparison group, from the moment of discharge and 3 months into, the results on the Berg Balance Scale improved (p <0.05). Conclusion. The functioning of patients who continued rehabilitation kinesiotherapeutic measures using modern information technologies continues to improve effectively in everyday life. Remote rehabilitation for 3 months is much more effective than short-term monthly, which indicates the need for continuous controlled rehabilitation measures. The Berg Balance Scale is especially sensitive in assessing the functional capabilities of patients.
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CIANFERONI, FABIO, and FILIPPO MARIA BUZZETTI. "The genus Hydrometra Latreille in Ecuador with description of a new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Hydrometridae)." Zootaxa 3274, no. 1 (April 20, 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3274.1.6.
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Hydrometra argentina Berg is reported for Ecuador for the first time. H. aequatoriana n. sp. is described from westernAndean Ecuador. Male terminalia separate this species from other congeneric species. Four species of Hydrometra arenow known to occur in Ecuador: H. argentina, Hydrometra caraiba Guérin-Méneville, Hydrometra williamsi Hungerford & Evans and H. aequatoriana n. sp.
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LENICOV, ANA M. MARINO DE REMES, and M. EUGENIA BRENTASSI. "New taxa and combinations in Neotropical Delphacini (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)." Zootaxa 4281, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4281.1.26.
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A new South American genus of Delphacini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae), Neodelphax n. gen., is described. It includes a new species, N. sakakibarai sp. n., which is described herein, and two species that are removed from the genus Dicranotropis. All of them are illustrated. Supplementary descriptions of female N. fuscoterminata (Berg) comb. n. and N. acheron (Fennah) comb. n., including some new records and host plant associations are added. A preliminary key for males and females of South American species of Neodelphax with representative illustrations is also provided.
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Zacca, Thamara, Olaf H. H. Mielke, Tomasz W. Pyrcz, Fernando M. S. Dias, Mirna M. Casagrande, and Pierre Boyer. "Systematics of the Neotropical genus Pampasatyrus (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae: Pronophilina), with description of three new taxa." Insect Systematics & Evolution 48, no. 3 (June 13, 2017): 201–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876312x-48022154.
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The first cladistic analysis of the genus Pampasatyrus Hayward, 1953 is presented based on morphological evidence. The monophyly of Pampasatyrus is corroborated with previous molecular hypothesis, and supported by two synapomorphies and six homoplastic characters. Haywardella Herrera, 1966 stat. rest. is recovered as sister group of Pampasatyrus, and both are closely related to a clade composed by Argyrophorus Blanchard, 1852, Etcheverrius Herrera, 1965 and Quilaphoethosus Herrera, 1966. Furthermore, three new subspecies are described: Pampasatyrus gyrtone biezankoi Zacca, Pyrcz, Mielke & Casagrande, ssp. n. from southern Brazil, Pampasatyrus reticulata gagarini Zacca, Pyrcz, Mielke & Casagrande, ssp. n. from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Pampasatyrus glaucope eberti Pyrcz & Zacca, ssp. n. from São Paulo, Brazil. Neotypes to Faunula johanna Weymer, 1911 and Neomaenas reticulata Weymer, 1907 are herein designated. Lectotypes to Epinephele gyrtone Berg, 1877, Cosmosatyrus nilesi Weeks, 1902, Epinephele friedenreichi Staudinger, 1888 and Satyrus quies Berg, 1877 are also designated. A catalogue, diagnosis, illustrations, photos and distributional maps are provided for all the taxa, including an identification key.
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Viana, Bruna Alegre, and Reni Volmir Dos Santos. "Correlação do tônus muscular e da amplitude de movimento em cadeia cinética fechada de tornozelo no equilíbrio de indivíduos pós-acidente vascular encefálico." Revista Perspectiva 45, no. 169 (May 18, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31512/persp.v.45.n.169.2021.123.p.63-71.
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O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) é um déficit neurológico focal devido a infarto ou hemorragia de início rápido e duração de mais de 24 horas, sendo um dos principais problemas de saúde pública mundial. Déficits nas funções dos membros inferiores frequentemente persistem na grande maioria dos casos, afetando a marcha, o equilíbrio e a mobilidade funcional. O objetivo do estudo foi de verificar a correlação do tônus muscular e da amplitude de movimento em cadeia cinética fechada de tornozelo no equilíbrio de indivíduos pós-AVE. A amostra de 14 indivíduos hemiparéticos, com diagnóstico de AVE, foram avaliados pela escala de Ashworth modificada, escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, DorsiflexionLunge Test (DLT) e a Goniometria, num estudo transversal. A média de idade foi de 59,07(±14,93) anos e com tempo de diagnóstico de 86,57(±60,67) meses, sendo 9 homens e 5 mulheres. Na correlação da escala de equilíbrio de Berg com o tônus muscular não houve correlação significativa, porém com a amplitude de movimento do tornozelo esta foi estatisticamente significativa, sendo DLT em centímetros r=0,502 e p=0,046; DLT graus r=0,488 e p=0,046; Goniometria r=0,472 e p=0,049; e flexometria r=0,490 e p=0,048. Conclui-se que há correlação positiva da amplitude de tornozelo com o equilíbrio, na amostra estudada.
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Silva, Andressa da, Gustavo JM Almeida, Ricardo C. Cassilhas, Moises Cohen, Maria Stella Peccin, Sergio Tufik, and Marco Túlio de Mello. "Equilíbrio, coordenação e agilidade de idosos submetidos à prática de exercícios físicos resistidos." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 14, no. 2 (April 2008): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-86922008000200001.
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OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o equilíbrio, a coordenação e a agilidade dos idosos submetidos a exercícios físicos. MÉTODOS: 61 idosos do gênero masculino, com idades entre os 60-75 anos, designados aleatoriamente para um grupo de exercícios resistidos com carga progressiva (n=39) ou para um controle submetido a exercícios sem carga (n=22). O grupo exercício resistido participou de um programa de 24 semanas, com 3 visitas por semana, em dias não consecutivos. Foram avaliados após o término do treinamento, pela Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, do Teste de Tinetti e do Timed UP & GO. RESULTADOS: Comparando-se os dois grupos verificou-se um melhor desempenho estatisticamente significativo para o grupo experimental em relação ao controle para os testes Timed "Up & Go". (p=0,02) e para o Tinetti Total (p=0.046) e para o Tinetti marcha (p=0.029). Desta forma, não encontramos diferença na Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e no teste de Tinetti equilíbrio. CONCLUSÃO: O programa de treinamento de força durante 24 semanas mostrou-se favorável na melhora dos desempenhos funcional e motores de idosos.
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Park, John K. "Paleomagnetic evidence for low-latitude glaciation during deposition of the Neoproterozoic Rapitan Group, Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T., Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-003.
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The rift-related Rapitan Group of the Mackenzie Mountains of northwestern Canada acquired several magnetizations due to pulses of hydrothermal activity. The first pulse, attributed to initiation of Rapitan rifting, produced a widespread overprint (P2) that may be reflected in the basal Mount Berg Formation. Two later pulses produced overprints similar to components found in an earlier study. Development of iron formation and hematite pigment in the overlying Sayunei Formation is attributed to the second pulse, represented by a paleopole (N = 10 sites; 334°E, 01°S; δp, δm = 4°, 9°) that coincides with poles of the Franklin igneous events of northern Canada. The Franklin episode, suggested on geological grounds to be coeval with Sayunei deposition, dates the Sayunei at ca. 725 Ma. This relation implies that rifting in Mackenzie Mountains could be related to rifting in northern Canada. A third pulse, reflected by a pole at 007°E, 16°N (N = 6 sites; δp, δm = 6°, 12°), is attributed to final rifting during deposition of the Shezal Formation at the top of the Rapitan. Overprints attributed to Sayunei and Shezal times indicate regional latitudes of 6 ± 4° and 4 ± 6° during the Sturtian glaciation. During Mount Berg time, the regional latitude could have exceeded 25°. All directions have been tilt corrected and some have been then rotated, based on comparisons with a P2 reference overprint.
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BOSE, PROSENJIT, and PAT MORIN. "AN IMPROVED ALGORITHM FOR SUBDIVISION TRAVERSAL WITHOUT EXTRA STORAGE." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 12, no. 04 (August 2002): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195902000906.
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We describe an algorithm for enumerating all vertices, edges and faces of a planar subdivision stored in any of the usual pointer-based representations, while using only a constant amount of memory beyond that required to store the subdivision. The algorithm is a refinement of a method introduced by de Berg et al (1997), that reduces the worst case running time from O(n2) to O(n log n). We also give experimental results that show that our modified algorithm runs faster not only in the worst case, but also in many realistic cases.
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Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos, Ángel Cordón, Nazaret Unquiles, and Daniel Muñoz-García. "Movement velocity in the chair squat is associated with measures of functional capacity and cognition in elderly people at low risk of fall." PeerJ 6 (April 30, 2018): e4712. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4712.
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Background The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between muscular performance consisting of a single repetition on the chair squat exercise (CSQ) and different measures of functional capacity, balance, quality of life and cognitive status in older adults. Methods A total of 40 participants (22 women, 18 men; age = 72.2 ± 4.9 years) joined the investigation. Muscular performance was assessed by measuring movement velocity in the CSQ with no external load using a validated smartphone application (PowerLift for iOS). Functional capacity, balance, quality of life and cognitive status were evaluated using the hand-grip strength (HGS) test, the Berg-scale, the EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D) and the Mini mental state examination questionnaire (MMSE). Finally, participants were divided into two subgroups (N = 20) according to their velocity in the CSQ exercise. Results Positive correlations were obtained between movement velocity in the CSQ and HGS (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), the Berg-scale (r = 0.65, p < 0.001), the EQ-5D (r = 0.34, p = 0.03) and the MMSE (r = 0.36, p = 0.02). Participants in the fastest subgroup showed very likely higher scores in the Berg-scale (ES = 1.15) and the HGS (ES = 1.79), as well as likely higher scores in the MMSE scale (ES = 0.69). Discussion These results could have potential clinical relevance as they support the use of a time-efficient, non-fatiguing test of muscular performance (i.e., the CSQ) to evaluate functional capacity and mental cognition in older adults.
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Cagnin, Caroline, Geovana Rocha Placido, Maisa Dias Cavalcante, Bheatriz Silva Morais de Freitas, Daniel Emanuel Cabral de Oliveira, and Tainara Leal de Sousa. "Utilization of the co-product of jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba Berg.) for pectin extraction." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 6 (April 10, 2020): e25963453. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i6.3453.
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Pectin is a polysaccharide that can be applied to various food industry products to modify the viscosity of food. The objective of this work was to optimize the extraction of pectin of jabuticaba peel by modificating the yield, galacturonic acid content (AUA), esterification content (DE), pectin content (P), and neutral sugars (N). The experiment was performed using the technique of factorial planning of complete experiments and surface response analysis. The extraction can be reported through factorial planning with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.92, 0.91, 0.89, 0.88 and 0.90 for the yield extraction, AUA, DE, P, and N, respectively. The content of AUA ranged from 22.82 to 65.35%, the DE varied from 26.72 to 77.50%, the percentage of P found in the extraction 25.50 to 66.12%. The best performance was verified utilizing the following parameters: extraction time less than 75 min, temperature of 70°C, and citric acid concentration of 0.75 mol.L-1.
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COOK, JERRY L., SILVIA P. MONDRAGÓN-F., and IRINA MORALES. "Description of two new species of Neoplea Esaki & China (Hemiptera: Pleidae) from Colombia." Zootaxa 4860, no. 1 (October 9, 2020): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4860.1.2.
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Neoplea hyaloderma n. sp. and N. melanosoma n. sp. (Insecta: Hemiptera: Pleidae) are described from Colombia. This increases the number of species of pleids known from Colombia to four, all of which are in the genus Neoplea Esaki & China. A key to the species of Neoplea of Colombia is included. Neoplea melanosoma appears to be part of a species complex with N. maculosa (Berg) and N. tenuistyla Roback & Nieser, and herein is called the N. maculosa species complex. We also note that there is probably at least one additional species in this complex from Suriname that was previously identified as N. maculosa. Neoplea melanosoma n. sp. appears to most closely resemble N. maculosa from Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay than the geographically closer N. tenuistyla. Neoplea hyaloderma n. sp. appears most closely related to N. lingula Roback & Nieser, which is also in Colombia.
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Braga, Liliana. "Redescription of Bryconamericus rubropictus (Berg) n. comb. (Ostariophysi, Characidae) and reference to its secondary sexual dimorphism." Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 2 (2000): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22179/revmacn.2.150.
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Morgado, Cristiane Maria Ascari, Bruna Ariel Dias Guariglia, Marcos José Trevisan, Rafaela Vieira Façanha, Angelo Pedro Jacomino, Gilmarcos de Carvalho Corrêa, and Luis Carlos Cunha Junior. "AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE JABUTICABAS (CV. SABARÁ), SUBMETIDAS AO ARMAZENAMENTO REFRIGERADO E ACONDICIONADAS EM DIFERENTES EMBALAGENS." DESAFIOS - Revista Interdisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Tocantins 6, no. 2 (April 28, 2019): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.23593652201962p18.
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A jabuticaba [Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell) Berg] ‘Sabara’ é um fruto muito apreciado in natura, pelo seu sabor adocicado, porém é extremamente perecível. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar embalagens para a conservação dos frutos sob refrigeração. Os frutos foram colhidos no ponto de consumo, lavados, higienizados, acondicionados nas embalagens PET com tampa Neoform N-90©; PVC 12 micras; PD- 900®; PEBD 15 micras; PP 10 micras; Controle (sem embalagem) e armazenados em câmara fria a 12º 1ºC e 85 5%UR. As embalagens reduziram a perda de massa e mantiveram a firmeza das jabuticabas. O filme de PVC proporcionou melhor conservação de ácido ascórbico e luminosidade dos frutos. A atmosfera passiva no interior das embalagens PEBD e PP apresentaram as maiores concentrações de CO2 e menores de O2 do que as outras embalagens, afetando de maneira negativa a conservação das jabuticabas. A embalagem PVC de 12 micras, associada à refrigeração apresentou bons resultados para conservação das jabuticabas ‘Sabará’.
Palavras-chave: Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell) Berg, embalagem, refrigeração.
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Gattelli, Tacimara, Fernando Felisberto da Silva, Rafael Narciso Meirelles, Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli, and Fábio Kessler Dal Soglio. "Moscas frugívoras associadas a mirtáceas e laranjeira "Céu" na região do Vale do Rio Caí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." Ciência Rural 38, no. 1 (February 2008): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782008000100038.
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Este estudo teve o objetivo de reconhecer as espécies de moscas frugívoras em mirtáceas: Eugenia uniflora L., Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg., Psidium cattleianum Sabine, Psidium guajava L. e Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret., bem como em Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae), na região do Vale do Caí, RS. Os frutos foram coletados no período de maturação de cada espécie frutífera, entre outubro de 2004 e julho de 2005, levados ao laboratório e acondicionados em potes com areia mantidos a 25 ± 1°C; 80 ± 10% UR e fotofase de 12 horas. Os pupários obtidos foram individualizados e suas características foram registradas. De Tephritidae foi registrada apenas Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) e de Lonchaeidae Neosilba n. sp. 3, Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal e Neosilba certa (Walker). As duas últimas são novos registros para o Rio Grande do Sul. Apenas em P. cattleianum foram registradas todas as espécies de moscas encontradas neste trabalho. Os resultados evidenciam que A. fraterculus é a espécie de mosca-das-frutas de maior ocorrência para a região do Vale do Caí, RS, nas frutíferas estudadas.
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Alqaragholi, Sura Abdulghani, Wael Kanoua, and Patricia Göbel. "Comparative Investigation of Aquatic Invertebrates in Springs in Münsterland Area (Western Germany)." Water 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030359.
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the abundance of invertebrates in groundwater in relation to groundwater conditions (groundwater table, discharge, rainfall, and physio-chemical parameters), and to examine the suitable time for invertebrate sampling in springs. Thus, eight springs in two separate study areas, “Baumberge” and “Schöppinger Berg” (Münsterland area, North-Rhine Westphalia in Germany), were sampled five times (24 h for 2–5 consecutive sampling days) between November 2018 and October 2019. The results showed high spatial and temporal variance. In general, the existence of invertebrates and stygobites increased, whereas invertebrate types decreased with increasing hydraulic head and spring discharge. Therefore, investigating the abundance of invertebrates and invertebrate species is recommended to be done separately. Abundance of invertebrates was affected by different factors in both areas. Spearman correlation test (two-tailed) and factor analyses (n = 80, p ≤ 0.01) highlighted the importance of detritus as the main controlling factor for invertebrate existence and stygobite individuals in Baumberge, whereas dissolved oxygen is essential for their existence in Schöppinger Berg.
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Krám, Pavel, Kevin Bishop, and Filip Moldan. "Modeling Long-term Streamwater Chemistry in the Berg Catchment, Southwestern Sweden." Hydrology Research 32, no. 3 (June 1, 2001): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2001.0015.
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The geochemical model MAGIC (5.01) was applied to the Berg – Pipbäcken Nedre catchment in southwestern Sweden for the period 1846-2020. The major objective was to reconstruct historical acidification trends and predict the surface water and soil response to declining atmospheric deposition in the future based on the Gothenburg Protocol signed in 1999. Another task was to test the usefulness of Sweden's long-term small catchment monitoring program for a validation of the long-term acidification model. Berg has been one of fifteen catchments monitored very intensively by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency during 1986-1993 and less intensively later by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Environmental Assessment. Anthropogenic atmospheric deposition was the dominant factor causing a decline of streamwater pH and especially soil base saturation. A scenario of future atmospheric deposition based on the emission reductions of S and N compounds agreed under the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol to the UNECE CLRTAP was modeled. This scenario stopped further acidification of soils, but recovery of streamwater pH and soil base saturation was slow and limited. Without further reductions from the deposition levels in 1995-1997, soil acidification would continue.
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Zerche, Lothar. "Leptusa-Arten aus Bulgarien und Griechenland (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 52, no. 2 (December 16, 2002): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.52.2.309-328.
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Leptusa (Stictopisalia) pirinensis sp. n. (Bulgarien: Pirin-Gebirge), Leptusa (Stictopisalia) maleschevskaensis sp. n. (Bulgarien: Maleschevska Planina) und Leptusa (Oncopisalia) athosensis sp. n. (Griechenland: Heiliger Berg Athos) werden beschrieben und mit verwandten Arten verglichen. Eine zweite Designation eines Lectotypus für Leptusa monachorum Bernhauer, 1912 mit einem anderen locus typicus (Pace 1989) ist ungültig (ICZN 2000: Artikel 74.1.1.), ein Lectotypus war bereits von Pace (1983) designiert worden. Für sieben Leptusa-Arten werden Funde aus Bulgarien mitgeteilt. Leptusa (Roubaliusa) salonichia Bernhauer, 1914 und Leptusa (Stictopisalia) bozdaghensis Pace, 1983 sind neu für Bulgarien. Für elf Leptusa-Arten werden Funde aus Griechenland mitgeteilt. Für Bulgarien werden alle bisher gemeldeten Leptusa-Arten genannt. Für Griechenland wird die Leptusa-Fauna nur kommentiert.Nomenklatorische Handlungenathosensis Zerche, 2002 (Leptusa (Oncopisalia)), spec. n.maleschevskaensis Zerche, 2002 (Leptusa (Stictopisalia)), spec. n.pirinensis Zerche, 2002 (Leptusa (Stictopisalia)), spec. n.
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Garrido-Ardila, Elisa María, María Victoria González-López-Arza, Maria Jiménez-Palomares, Agustín García-Nogales, and Juan Rodríguez-Mansilla. "Effectiveness of acupuncture vs. core stability training in balance and functional capacity of women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 34, no. 5 (March 23, 2020): 630–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215520911992.
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Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of a core stability training physiotherapy programme vs. acupuncture for the management of balance and functional capacity impairments of women with Fibromyalgia. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatients setting. Subjects: Women with Fibromyalgia and balance impairment. Interventions: Participants were randomized to a core stability physiotherapy programme group ( n = 45), acupuncture treatment group ( n = 45) and control group ( n = 45) for 13 weeks. Main Measures: Measures were taken at baseline (week 0), postintervention (week 6) and follow-up (week 13). The primary outcome measures were static balance (posturography) and dynamic balance and functional mobility (Berg Balance Scale, timed up and go test and 10-m walk). The secondary outcome measure was functional capacity (Fibromyalgia Health Assessment Questionnaire and the physical function item from the Spanish Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire). Results: In all, 103 participants completed the study. The results showed statistically significant improvements in the acupuncture and physiotherapy groups vs. the control group at week 6 regarding Berg Balance Scale ( P = 0.00, both groups), timed up and go test ( P = 0.00 and P = 0.01, respectively) and 10-m walk test at comfortable speed ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). The 10-m walk test at maximum speed showed significance when comparing the physiotherapy and control group ( P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were found between the physiotherapy and the acupuncture groups. In relation to functional capacity, the improvements achieved after the treatments were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Core stability-based physiotherapy and acupuncture improve dynamic balance and postural control in women with Fibromyalgia.
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Berg, D. K., S. E. Beaumont, M. C. Berg, and G. W. Asher. "201RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS) CALVES BORN FROM IN VITRO-PRODUCED BLASTOCYSTS FERTILIZED AND CULTURED IN DEER SYNTHETIC OVIDUCT FLUID." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab201.
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Deer Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium (DSOF;; Berg and Asher 2003 Theriogenology 59, 189–205), based upon the composition of red deer oviduct fluid, has been shown to support routine in vitro fertilization and blastocyst development (15%) of in vitro-matured red deer oocytes without the use of somatic cell co-culture or serum supplementation. However, pregnancy establishment and fetal survival remained to be determined. The objectives of this study were to transfer in vitro red deer blastocysts produced by the DSOF culture system, follow fetal survival through calving and investigate trans-cervical embryo transfer for red deer. Red deer hinds of mixed age were synchronized using a 12-day CIDR (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Auckland, NZ) synchrony program (Berg DK et al. 2002 Ani. Reprod. Sci. 70, 85–98). Onset of estrus was synchronized to the day of IVF and embryos were transferred 7 days later. in vitro red deer blastocysts were produced after aspirating oocytes from abattoir-sourced ovaries. Selected COCs were matured and fertilized and presumptive zygotes cultured in vitro (Berg and Asher 2003 Theriogenology 59, 189–205) with modified Ca2+ concentrations: 3.0mM and 1.5mM for early and late DSOF, respectively. in vitro blastocyst development was 14.7% (21/143) on Day 7 and 22.4% (32/143) on Day 8. Ten blastocysts (grade 1 and 2) were selected for transfer on Day 7 (post-IVF) and placed into Emcare embryo holding medium (ICPbio, Auckland, NZ). Blastocysts were loaded into 0.25-cc straws (n=5) or tom cat catheters (n=5) and transported to the Ruakura Deer Unit at 25°C. Hinds were restrained and sedated as described for OPU (Berg and Asher 2003 Theriogenology 59, 189–205) and an attempt was made to pass a cattle transfer pistolette through the cervix. If unsuccessful, the hind underwent laparoscopic uterine transfer. Serial serum progesterone values diagnosed pregnancies at Day 21 and fetal survival was determined using rectal ultrasonography on Day 35, 45, 60 and 90. Seven single-embryo transfers were completed;; 2 of 5 trans-cervical attempts and 5 using the laparoscopic method. Serum progesterone levels confirmed 57% (4/7) of the hinds were pregnant on Day 21;; 2/2 (100%) from trans-cervical and 2/5 (40%) from laparoscopic transfers. No pregnancy losses occurred after Day 21. Four calves, 1 male and 3 female, were born unassisted after 230 to 233 days of gestation. Birth weights ranged from 7.3 to 10kg. Our results indicate that in vitro red deer blastocysts produced using the DSOF culture system can establish pregnancies after transfer and result in normal healthy calves.
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SANBORN, ALLEN F. "A new species, genus and tribe of cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) from Chile with a list of Chilean cicada fauna." Zootaxa 4952, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.5.
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Citroriginini n. tribe. is formed for the Chilean cicada Citroriginis elongata n. gen., n. sp. Males differ from other South American Tibicininae Distant, 1905a because they lack timbal organs. The new species has fore wings that are similar in general appearance to the Nearctic Platypediini Kato, 1932 and genitalia with a superficial resemblance to the Tettigadini Distant, 1905c and the Chilean Chilecicadini Sanborn, 2014 but the new species is divergent from the both tribes in the fore wing venation, fore wing cell shape, general body proportions and male genitalia. A female exuvia is described representing the first description of a Chilean cicada exuvia. A list of Chilean cicada species is also provided with Calliopsida cinnabarina (Berg, 1879) removed from the Chilean cicada fauna.
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KEFALAS, EFTHIMIOS, and JEANNE CASTRITSI-CATHARIOS. "A new species of Halichondriidae, Topsentia vaceleti n. sp. (Halichondrida, Demospongiae, Porifera), collected from coralligenous bottoms of the Aegean Sea." Zootaxa 3314, no. 1 (May 16, 2012): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3314.1.5.
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A new species, Topsentia vaceleti n. sp., was collected from 70m depth, on a coralligenous bed of the Aegean Sea by trawl(sponge fishing gear “gagava”). The specimen is spherical, 8 cm in diameter, with deep surface grooves. It has a totallydisordered choanosome and a tangential ectosomal skeleton, typical of Topsentia, but exhibits a different type of spicula-tion. This species differs from the other members of the genus by possessing both principal oxeas and secondary oxeas,the latter much longer but thinner, bent and in some cases flexuous or twisted. This is the fourth species of Topsentia Berg, 1899 reported from the Mediterranean Sea.
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Jonker, J. "J.R. van Zwet, President in Indië en Nederland. Mr. N. P. van den Berg als centraal bankier." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 120, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.6234.
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Yoneyama, Simone Minae, Thayssa Leão Nascimento da Silva, Josemberg Da Silva Baptista, William Paganini Mayer, Mônica Tanaka Paganotti, and Patrik Fontes Costa. "Eficiência do treino de marcha em suporte parcial de peso no equilíbrio de pacientes hemiparéticos." Revista de Medicina 88, no. 2 (September 6, 2009): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v88i2p80-86.
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O suporte parcial de peso (SPP) foi utilizado pela primeira vez em âmbitos clínicos nos anos 80. Acredita-se que essa terapia promova melhora da marcha em pacientes com seqüela de Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Investigamos a importância do treino de marcha na esteira elétrica com SPP nesses pacientes. Sete pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de hemiparesia ou hemiplegia foram submetidos aleatoriamente a um protocolo de treinamento em esteira elétrica em SPP (Experimental, n = 4), ou ao tratamento tradicional sem SPP (Controle, n = 3) por 20 sessões, para avaliar o equilíbrio. Observou-se melhora estatisticamente significante no equilíbrio avaliado pela escala de BERG no Grupo Experimental (p = 0,003). Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar os resultados obtidos.
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Viljoen, H. "Breyten Breytenbach en die Simbolisme - ’n voorlopige verkenning." Literator 13, no. 1 (May 6, 1992): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v13i1.720.
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This article is an attempt to outline the difference between Breytenbach's poetic method and that of the Symbolists. Although it touches on aspects of the symbolist poetic method like the rich suggestiveness, the creation o f a meaningful alternative world (and the effort of doing this), it focuses mainly on Breytenbach’s use of metaphor to create an impossible alternative world in a poem, only to relativize and destroy it again in the end. This process is illustrated in an analysis of poem 8.1 from Lotus. This analysis also shows up five well-known cardinal traits of Breytenbach’s poetry, viz. its carnality, the universal analogy between body, cosmos and poetry and the great emphasis on journeys, discoveries and transformations by means of language. It is also claimed that the Zen-Buddhisi Void plays an analogous role in Breytenbach's poetry to the theory of correspondances in the Symbolists: it is a rich source of metaphor. Breytenbach's poetry shows a strong duality between the present world and a meaningful alternative sphere. Being in and of this alternative sphere only aggravates the poet’s isolation (a typically symbolist trait), making him literally and figuratively an exile, as exile poems like "tot siens, kaapstad" (see you again, cape town) and "Walvis in die berg" (Whale on the mountain) and, of course, his prison poetry, clearly show.
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Rionero, Salvatore, and Maria Vitiello. "Stability and absorbing set of parabolic chemotaxis model of Escherichia coli." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 18, no. 2 (April 25, 2013): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/na.18.2.14023.
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This paper is devoted to model (1) for escherichia coli, introduced in [1]. Based on the experimental observations of Budrene and Berg [2, 3], Tyson and coworkers derived (1) with n cell density, c chemotrattactant concentration and s stimulant concentration. Our aim is to study the stability of constant meaning full solution and ultimately boundedness of the solutions. Precisely: (i) linear and nonlinear stability is proved by using a peculiar Lyapunov function, (ii) the ultimately boundedness of the solutions in the L2-norm is obtained, (iii) conditions guaranteeing the global stability are also obtained.
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Jahanshahi Afshar, Farahnaz, Ebrahim Pourjam, and Majid Pedram. "Lobocriconema iranense (Van den Berg, Eskandari, Tiedt & Karegar, 2010) n. comb. and description of L. nokandense n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran." Nematology 21, no. 10 (2019): 1043–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003274.
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Summary Two populations of Lobocriconema were recovered from the rhizosphere of Parrotia persica in Rango forest, Gorgan, and Nargesi forest, Nokandeh, Golestan province, northern Iran. Both of the recovered populations were characterised using morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy), morphometric and molecular data based upon small, partial large and internal transcribed spacer 1 ribosomal RNA (SSU, LSU D2-D3, ITS1 rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c subunit oxidase I (COI mtDNA) gene sequences. The first examined population, recovered from Gorgan, was mainly characterised by having 34-39 retrorse body annuli 11-16 μm thick at mid-body with crenate, dentate and lobulate margins, longitudinal cuticular scratches on entire body on both lateral regions, sometimes one or two anastomoses along the body, a single labial annulus with smooth margin and smaller than the first body annulus, four distinct submedian lobes, simple open vulva with no overhang, and a terminal anus. This population was almost identical to Neolobocriconema iranense, a close examination of a topotype population recovered in this study confirming that they were conspecific. The second population, L. nokandense n. sp., was recovered from the Nokandeh and looked similar to the first population but was morphologically separated from it by a slightly crenate labial annulus under SEM (vs smooth), longer tail (13-21 vs 6-10 μm) and smaller ratio c (23.6-32.4 vs 44.7-86.0). In molecular phylogenetic analyses, the two populations formed a clade in both SSU and LSU phylogenies. In ITS1 and COI phylogenies, the Nokandeh population (the new species) formed a separate sister clade to the N. iranense clade. Detailed observations using SEM data revealed a small annulus between the submedian lobes and the single labial annulus, an open vulva and a slightly ornamented cuticle in all three studied populations (the newly recovered populations from Golestan and the topotype population of N. iranense from Mazandaran province and the new species), corroborating their placement under Lobocriconema. As a result, N. iranense was transferred to Lobocriconema as L. iranense n. comb. (= N. iranense). The new species was morphologically compared with its close relatives L. iranense n. comb., L. pauperum, L. incrassatum, and L. nasuense, all of which having the aforementioned small annulus between the submedian lobes and the first labial annulus. The phylogeny of the genus is discussed.
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Tiedt, Louwrens, and Esther Van Den Berg. "New records of Criconematoidea (Nematoda) from South Africa, with the description of Criconema zantene n. sp." Nematology 3, no. 8 (2001): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101753625308.
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AbstractCriconema zantene n. sp., found in the rhizosphere of a Podocarpus sp. tree, is described and illustrated. Females are characterised by having 46-56 body annuli covered with tile-like scales, stylet 101-122 μm long, one lip annulus with a greater diameter than first body annulus, distinct submedian lobes, tooth-like lobes on posterior body annuli with a double row of lobes on first annulus directly posterior to vulva, a sigmoid vagina and an overhanging anterior vulval lip. Second, third and fourth stage juveniles with varying numbers of longitudinal rows of filamented scales on cuticle. Criconema princeps (Andrássy, 1962) Raski & Luc, 1985, Mesocriconema dherdei (De Grisse, 1967) Loof & De Grisse, 1989 and Paratylenchus straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) Oostenbrink, 1960 are reported from South Africa for the first time. These species are briefly discussed, illustrated and morphometrics given. Additional data is given for C. pauciannulatum Van den Berg, 1992.
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Yastrebtseva, I. P., V. A. Krivonogov, N. N. Panueva, V. V. Belova, E. A. Bochkova, and L. Yu Deryabkina. "Neurometabolic Support for Post-stroke Patients with Movement Disorders during the Second Stage of Rehabilitation." Doctor.Ru 19, no. 9 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-9-27-32.
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Study Objective: To evaluate dose-dependent effects of adjunctive treatment with ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate within a comprehensive course of rehabilitation, in cerebral stroke patients with movement disorders in the second stage of rehabilitation. Study Design: This was a randomized study. Materials and Methods: Forty ischemic stroke patients were examined, and divided into three groups. Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate was given intramuscularly to 18 patients: 250 mg/day (5 mL) in Group 1 (n = 9) and 100 mg/day (2 mL) in Group 2 (n = 9). In Group 3 (n = 22) patients did not receive this drug. All patients underwent a complete examination, including assessment of the following parameters: static and dynamic balance, as assessed by the Standing Balance Test and the Berg Balance Test; walking (Hauser Ambulation Index); and emotional (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and sensory (Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale) functions. Patients’ balance status was objectively assessed using stabilometric parameters. Study Results: Group 1 patients showed a significant increase in Berg Balance Test scores (from 44.00 [42.00; 47.00] to 46.00 [42.00; 49.00]) and a decrease in statokinesigram area (with eyes closed) (from 910.92 [36.20; 2,633.50] mm2 to 620.98 [213.40; 1,676.30] mm2 (p < 0.05). All groups exhibited trends toward improvement of static balance, quality of walking, and cognitive and sensory functions, but only the changes in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Group 1 were statistically significant (from 24.67 [19; 27] to 26.67 [22; 29]). Conclusion: Adjunctive ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, 5 mL (250 mg/day), within a course of rehabilitation improved patients’ balance status and cognitive functions. Patients who received this medication at a dose of 2 mL (100 mg/day) and those who did not receive it showed no significant improvement during rehabilitation. Keywords: stroke, balance, neurometabolic therapy, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate.
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BECCACECE, HERNÁN MARIO, and ADRIANA INÉS ZAPATA. "Taxonomic changes of some neotropical species of Arctiini Leach (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)." Zootaxa 4272, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4272.3.7.
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Arctiini (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) is the most speciose tribe of tiger moths. In this study, the taxonomy of some Neotropical species of this tribe is reviewed based on habitus and, in some cases, genitalia of type specimens. Lectotypes are designated for two names. Four new combinations are proposed: Agaraea sericeum (Zerny, 1931) comb. n., Biturix nigrostriata (Rothschild, 1909) comb. n., Carales fasciatus (Rothschild, 1909) comb. n. and Opharus pallida (Dognin, 1910) comb. n. Six new synonymies are proposed: Agaraea nigrotuberculata Bryk, 1953 (=Agaraea klagesi (Rothschild, 1909)), Opharus ochracea Joicey & Talbot, 1918 and Pelochyta fergusoni Watson & Goodger, 1986 (=Opharus pallida (Dognin, 1910)), Melese flavescens Joicey & Talbot, 1918 (=Melese paranensis Dognin, 1911), Leucanopsis infucata (Berg, 1882) (=Pareuchaetes aurata aurata (Butler, 1875)) and Tessellota pura Breyer, 1957 (=Tessellota cancellata (Burmeister, 1878)). Moreover, Opharus ochracea Joicey & Talbot, 1918 comb. rev. is returned to the original genus. For each rearrangement, both remarks and information about type specimens are provided.
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Beidar, Konstantin I., and Robert Wisbauer. "On uniform bounds of primeness in matrix rings." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 76, no. 2 (April 2004): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700008879.
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AbstractA subset S of an associative ring R is a uniform insulator for R provided a S b ≠ 0 for any nonzero a, b ∈ R. The ring R is called uniformly strongly prime of bound m if R has uniform insulators and the smallest of those has cardinality m. Here we compute these bounds for matrix rings over fields and obtain refinements of some results of van den Berg in this context.More precisely, for a field F and a positive integer k, let m be the bound of the matrix ring Mk(F), and let n be dimF(V), where V is a subspace of Mk(F) of maximal dimension with respect to not containing rank one matrices. We show that m + n = k2. This implies, for example, that n = k2 − k if and only if there exists a (nonassociative) division algebra over F of dimension k.
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Piper, Brian J., Shane T. Mueller, Alexander R. Geerken, Kyle L. Dixon, Gregory Kroliczak, Reid H. J. Olsen, and Jeremy K. Miller. "Reliability and validity of neurobehavioral function on the Psychology Experimental Building Language test battery in young adults." PeerJ 3 (December 22, 2015): e1460. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1460.
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Background.The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) software consists of over one-hundred computerized tests based on classic and novel cognitive neuropsychology and behavioral neurology measures. Although the PEBL tests are becoming more widely utilized, there is currently very limited information about the psychometric properties of these measures.Methods.Study I examined inter-relationships among nine PEBL tests including indices of motor-function (Pursuit Rotor and Dexterity), attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance and Time-Wall), working memory (Digit Span Forward), and executive-function (PEBL Trail Making Test, Berg/Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Iowa Gambling Test, and Mental Rotation) in a normative sample (N= 189, ages 18–22). Study II evaluated test–retest reliability with a two-week interest interval between administrations in a separate sample (N= 79, ages 18–22).Results.Moderate intra-test, but low inter-test, correlations were observed and ceiling/floor effects were uncommon. Sex differences were identified on the Pursuit Rotor (Cohen’sd= 0.89) and Mental Rotation (d= 0.31) tests. The correlation between the test and retest was high for tests of motor learning (Pursuit Rotor time on targetr= .86) and attention (Test of Attentional Vigilance response timer= .79), intermediate for memory (digit spanr= .63) but lower for the executive function indices (Wisconsin/Berg Card Sorting Test perseverative errors = .45, Tower of London moves = .15). Significant practice effects were identified on several indices of executive function.Conclusions.These results are broadly supportive of the reliability and validity of individual PEBL tests in this sample. These findings indicate that the freely downloadable, open-source PEBL battery (http://pebl.sourceforge.net) is a versatile research tool to study individual differences in neurocognitive performance.
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Mekki, Marwa, Thierry Paillard, Sonia Sahli, Zouhair Tabka, and Yassine Trabelsi. "Effect of adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation training to pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: randomized clinical trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518791658.
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Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation added to pulmonary rehabilitation on walking tolerance and balance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: Outpatient, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Tunisia. Subjects: A total of 45 patients with COPD were assigned to an intervention group ( n = 25) or a control group ( n = 20). Interventions: The intervention group underwent a neuromuscular electrical stimulation added to pulmonary rehabilitation, and the control group underwent only a pulmonary rehabilitation, three times per week during six months. Main Measures: Measures were taken at baseline and after six months of training. A stabilometric platform, time up and go, Berg balance scale tests, 6 minute walking test, and the maximal voluntary contraction were measured. Results: In the intervention group, an increase in an exercise tolerance manifested by a longer distance walked in 6 minute walking test 619.5 (39.6) m was observed in comparison to the control group 576.3 (31.5) m. The values of the time up and go, Berg balance scale, and maximal voluntary contraction in the intervention group at follow-up were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P = 0.02, P = 0.01, P = 0.0002, respectively). The center of pressure in the mediolateral and in the anteroposterior directions, as well as the center of pressure area was significantly more improved in open eyes and closed eyes in the intervention group compared to the control group ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The neuromuscular electrical stimulation added to pulmonary rehabilitation group benefited from better walking tolerance and greater balance improvement than the only pulmonary rehabilitation.
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Kim, JaYoung, Dae Yul Kim, Min Ho Chun, Seong Woo Kim, Ha Ra Jeon, Chang Ho Hwang, Jong Kyoung Choi, and Suhwan Bae. "Effects of robot-(Morning Walk®) assisted gait training for patients after stroke: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215518806563.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of Morning Walk®–assisted gait training for patients with stroke. Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Setting: Three hospital rehabilitation departments (two tertiary and one secondary). Patients: We enrolled 58 patients with hemiparesis following a first-time stroke within the preceding year and with Functional Ambulation Category scores ⩾2. Intervention: The patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 30 minutes of training with Morning Walk®, a lower limb rehabilitation robot, plus 1 hour of conventional physiotherapy (Morning Walk® group; n = 28); or 1.5 hour of conventional physiotherapy (control group; n = 30). All received treatment five times per week for three weeks. Main outcome measurements: The primary outcomes were walking ability, assessed using the Functional Ambulation Category scale, and lower limb function, assessed using the Motricity Index-Lower. Secondary outcomes included the 10 Meter Walk Test, Modified Barthel Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, and Berg Balance Scale scores. Results: A total of 10 patients were lost to follow-up, leaving a cohort of 48 for the final analyses. After training, all outcome measures significantly improved in both groups. In Motricity Index-Lower of the affected limb, the Morning Walk® group (∆mean ± SD; 19.68 ± 14.06) showed greater improvement ( p = .034) than the control group (∆mean ± SD; 11.70 ± 10.65). And Berg Balance Scale scores improved more ( p = .047) in the Morning Walk® group (∆mean ± SD; 14.36 ± 9.01) than the control group (∆mean ± SD; 9.65 ± 8.14). Conclusion: Compared with conventional physiotherapy alone, our results suggest that voluntary strength and balance of stroke patients with hemiparesis might be improved with Morning Walk®–assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy.
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Kaul, Adam R., Loredana Salis, Mairead Nic Craith, and Stefan Handler. "Book Reviews." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2009.180108.
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Coleman, S. and P. Collins (2007) (eds), Locating the Field, Space, Place and Context in Anthropology (Oxford: Berg), 256 pp., Pb: £19.99, ISBN-13: 978-1845204037.Screeton, P. (2008), Mars Bars and Mushy Peas: Urban Legend and the Cult of Celebrity (Loughborough: Heart of Albion), 184 pp., Pb: £14.95, ISBN-13: 978-1-905646-11-1.Smith, L, and A. Natsuko (2009) (eds), Intangible Heritage (London and New York: Routledge) 312 pp., Pb: £23.99, Hb: £70.00, ISBN-13: 978-0-415-47396-5.Tiesler, N. C. (2006), Muslime in Europa: Religion und Identitätspolitiken unter veränderten gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen (Münster: LIT), 240 pp., Pb: €24.90, ISBN-13: 978-3-8258-9490-0.
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Hugos, Cinda L., Debra Frankel, Sara A. Tompkins, and Michelle Cameron. "Community Delivery of a Comprehensive Fall-Prevention Program in People with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2014-086.
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Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) fall frequently. In 2011, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society launched a multifactorial fall-prevention group exercise and education program, Free From Falls (FFF), to prevent falls in MS. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of participation in the FFF program on balance, mobility, and falls in people with MS. Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of assessments from community delivery of FFF. Changes in Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale scores, Berg Balance Scale scores, 8-foot Timed Up and Go performance, and falls were assessed. Results: A total of 134 participants completed the measures at the first and last FFF sessions, and 109 completed a 6-month follow-up assessment. Group mean scores on the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (F1,66 = 17.14, P < .05, η2 = 0.21), Berg Balance Scale (F1,68 = 23.39, P < .05, η2 = 0.26), and 8-foot Timed Up and Go (F1,79 = 4.83, P < .05, η2 = 0.06) all improved significantly from the first to the last session. At the 6-month follow-up, fewer falls were reported (χ2 [4, N = 239] = 10.56, P < .05, Phi = 0.21). Conclusions: These observational data suggest that the FFF group education and exercise program improves balance confidence, balance performance, and functional mobility and reduces falls in people with MS.
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Bassôa, L., L. Trevizol, I. Fraga, N. C. Martins, F. Variani, D. Pochmann, C. Dani, and V. R. Elsner. "Grape juice consumption-induced physical functional performance improvement alone or combined with therapeutic exercise in elderly women." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190027.
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This study aimed to examine the effects of grape juice consumption during 4 weeks alone or combined with a therapeutic exercise protocol on quality of life (SF-36), handgrip strength (dynamometry) and physical function performance evaluated through Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go, Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in elderly women. Nineteen healthy elderly women were distributed in Grape Juice Group (GJG, n=9) and Grape Juice + Exercise Group (GJEG, n=10). A significant improvement in handgrip strength and BBS were observed in GJG. Both groups showed increased values in 6MWT and the quality of life was significantly improved after intervention in GJEG. Daily grape juice consumption is able to improve some physical functional parameters in elderly women; however, when in combination with therapeutic exercise intervention may provide a more effective strategy to positively affect the quality of life.
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Ribeiro, Priscila de Lima, and Carlos Kemper. "O comprometimento do equilíbrio em integrantes da Associação Missioneira de Parkinson de Santo AngeloRS." Revista Neurociências 17, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2009.v17.8543.
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Objetivo. Verificar o nível de equilíbrio em indivíduos portadores da Doença de Parkinson, integrantes da Associação Missioneira de Parkinson de Santo Ângelo-RS (AMPark). Método. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quase-experimental com delineamento pós facto, com 14 indivíduos divididos em dois grupos, sendo o primeiro composto por indivíduos portadores da Doença de Parkinson (GParkinson N=7) e o segundo pelos seus Cuidadores (GCuidador N=7). Os sujeitos foram submetidos ao Teste de Equilíbrio de Berg composto por 14 tarefas que envolvem equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Resultados. Sujeitos integrantes do GParkinson obtiveram 42,12 pontos e GCuidador 54,43 pontos (p <0,05) que, de acordo com a classificação apresentada por Shumway-Cook & Woollacott, representam valores significantes 73% e 7,14%, respectivamente. Conclusão. Este estudo mostrou que há um comprometimento do equilíbrio em portadores da Doença de Parkinson integrantes da AMPark Santo Ângelo-RS. >
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Santos, Rodrigo Souza, and Weidson Plauter Sutil. "Levantamento de cigarrinhas-das-pastagens (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) no município de Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brasil." Entomology Beginners 2 (August 18, 2021): e015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/2675-9276.v2.e015.
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As cigarrinhas-das-pastagens (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) são insetos sugadores de seiva, consideradas pragas-chave das pastagens no Brasil. Foi realizado um levantamento de cigarrinhas em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés na Fazenda Iquiri, município de Senador Guiomard, estado do Acre, no período de janeiro a maio de 2017. Os insetos adultos foram capturados com o auxílio de rede entomológica de varredura e enviados para identificação. Neste levantamento, foram registradas quatro espécies de cercopídeos, Deois flavopicta (Stål), Deois incompleta (Walker), Mahanarva mura (China e Myers) e Notozulia entreriana (Berg). Assim, a lista de cercopídeos associados às pastagens no estado do Acre inclui atualmente seis espécies: D. flavopicta, D. incompleta, Deois rubropicta Sakakibara, N. entreriana, M. mura e Mahanarva tristis (Fabricius). As espécies N. entreriana e D. flavopicta apresentaram os maiores níveis populacionais registrados durante o período do estudo.
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Gill, Elizabeth. "A Review of: “Vande Berg, L., & Trujillo, N. (2008).Cancer and death: A love story in two voices.”." Journal of Health Communication 14, no. 3 (May 11, 2009): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730902814061.
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Stryker, Nancy. "Paradoxes of group life, by K. K. Smith and D. N. Berg, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 1987, 265 pp." Systems Research 5, no. 3 (September 1988): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.3850050311.
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Flores, Gustavo E. "Systematic revision and cladistic analysis of the Neotropical genera Mitragenius Solier, Auladera Solier and Patagonogenius gen. n. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 30, no. 4 (1999): 361–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631200x00516.
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AbstractThe genera Mitragenius, Auladera and Patagonogenius gen. n. (Pimeliinae: Nycteliini), distributed in Argentina and central Chile, are revised and a cladistic analysis including 20 species is conducted. The cladistic sequence revealed that former Mitragenius is polyphyletic, requiring removal of seven species to a new genus, described herein as Patagonogenius. Mitragenius comprises nine species: M. tristis Kulzer, M. costatus Kulzer, M. araneiformis Curtis, M. coarcticollis Fairmaire, M. nudus Berg, M. hirtulus Kulzer, M. planicollis sp. n., M. obscuratus Peña and M. dejeanii Solier. Auladera includes four species: A. crenicosta (Guérin), A. andicola (Lacordaire), A. rugicollis (Philippi & Philippi) stat. rev. andA. atronitens Kulzer. Patagonogenius comprises seven species: P. breviangulus (Kulzer) comb. n., P. gentilii (Peña) comb. n., P. quadricollis (Fairmaire) comb. n. (type species), P. collaris (Kulzer) comb. n., P. acutangulus (Kulzer) comb. n., P. kulzeri (Marcuzzi) comb. n. and P. elegans (Peña) comb. n. Mitragenius pusillus Marcuzzi is synonymized with Patagonogenius collaris (Kulzer) and Auladera andicola rugicollis (Philippi & Philippi) is elevated to species status. The paper includes a cladogram, a discussion of the phylogeny of the three genera, redescriptions or descriptions of the three genera and of their 20 species, four dichotomous keys, habitus photographs, drawings of genitalic features and distribution maps.
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Maeda, N., J. Kato, and T. Shimada. "Predicting the Probability for Fall Incidence in Stroke Patients Using the Berg Balance Scale." Journal of International Medical Research 37, no. 3 (May 2009): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000903700313.
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This observational study investigated the relationship between balance, mobility and falls in 72 hemiplegic stroke inpatients, with the aim of developing a model for predicting fall risk. Fall history was recorded by interview, balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and activities of daily living were evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Variables differing between fallers and non-fallers were identified, and a stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify a combination of variables that effectively predicted fall status. Fallers (occasional and repeat; n = 27) had a shorter time from stroke onset, lower FIM scores on admission and discharge, lower BBS and Mini-Mental State Examination scores, a greater age and longer length of hospital stay compared with non-fallers (all differences were significant). A logistic model for predicting falls showed that BBS at admission was significantly related to falls, with fallers having lower BBS scores at admission (cut-off ≤ 29; sensitivity 80%; specificity 78%). These data suggest BBS is a sensitive and specific measure for identifying stroke patients at risk of falling.
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Li, Zhen, Xiu-Xia Wang, Yan-Yi Liang, Shu-Yan Chen, Jing Sheng, and Shao-Jun Ma. "Effects of the visual-feedback-based force platform training with functional electric stimulation on the balance and prevention of falls in older adults: a randomized controlled trial." PeerJ 6 (January 12, 2018): e4244. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4244.
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Background Force platform training with functional electric stimulation aimed at improving balance may be effective in fall prevention for older adults. Aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the visual-feedback-based force platform balance training with functional electric stimulation on balance and fall prevention in older adults. Methods A single-centre, unblinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted. One hundred and twenty older adults were randomly allocated to two groups: the control group (n = 60, one-leg standing balance exercise, 12 min/d) or the intervention group (n = 60, force platform training with functional electric stimulation, 12 min/d). The training was provided 15 days a month for 3 months by physical therapists. Medial–lateral and anterior–posterior maximal range of sway with eyes open and closed, the Berg Balance Scale, the Barthel Index, the Falls Efficacy scale-International were assessed at baseline and after the 3-month intervention. A fall diary was kept by each participant during the 6-month follow-up. Results On comparing the two groups, the intervention group showed significantly decreased (p < 0.01) medial–lateral and anterior–posterior maximal range of sway with eyes open and closed. There was significantly higher improvement in the Berg Balance Scale (p < 0.05), the Barthel Index (p < 0.05) and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (p < 0.05), along with significantly lesser number of injurious fallers (p < 0.05), number of fallers (p < 0.05), and fall rates (p < 0.05) during the 6-month follow-up in the intervention group. Conclusion This study showed that the visual feedback-based force platform training with functional electric stimulation improved balance and prevented falls in older adults.
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Fuad Al Haris, Muhammad, Eka Mistiko Rini, Dianni Yusuf, and I. Putu Dody Lesmana. "Pengaruh Latihan Menggunakan Simulator Sepeda Berbasis Virtual Reality Pada Keseimbangan Dan Gaya Berjalan Penderita Pasca Stroke." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Terapan 7, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jtit.v7i2.185.
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Gangguan keseimbangan dan gaya berjalan merupakan masalah utama pada terapi fisik pasca stroke akibat kurangnya koordinasi saraf motorik, sensorik, dan kognitif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan simulator sepeda berbasis virtual reality dalam melatih keseimbangan dan gaya berjalan pasca stroke. Subjek penelitian melibatkan 10 penderita pasca stroke yang secara acak dibagi dalam kelompok uji (n=5) dan kelompok kontrol (n=5). Semua subjek melakukan latihan berjalan dengan bantuan fisioterapis selama 20 menit, sedangkan kelompok uji coba mendapatkan tambahan latihan VRAC selama 20 menit, 5 kali seminggu selama 1 bulan. Penilaian keseimbangan dilakukan menggunakan Berg Balance Scale (BBS) dan penilaian gaya berjalan menggunakan 10-MWT. Dari hasil uji coba didapatkan bahwa nilai BBS dan 10-MWT dari kelompok uji mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan simulator VRAC dalam terapi fisik stroke dapat memperbaiki keseimbangan dan gaya berjalan sehingga sesuai digunakan secara klinis lebih lanjut.