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Journal articles on the topic 'N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) complexes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Longevial, Jean-François, Mamadou Lo, Aurélien Lebrun, Danielle Laurencin, Sébastien Clément, and Sébastien Richeter. "Molecular complexes and main-chain organometallic polymers based on Janus bis(carbenes) fused to metalloporphyrins." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 21 (2020): 7005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt00594k.

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Janus bis(N-heterocyclic carbenes) composed of a porphyrin core with two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) heads fused to opposite pyrroles were used as bridging ligands for the preparation of metal complexes.

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2

Mokfi, Moloud, Jörg Rust, Christian W. Lehmann, and Fabian Mohr. "Facile N9-Alkylation of Xanthine Derivatives and Their Use as Precursors for N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123705.

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The xanthine-derivatives 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, 1,3-dimethyl-7-benzylxanthine and 1,3-dimethyl-7-(4-chlorobenzyl)xanthine are readily ethylated at N9 using the cheap alkylating agents ethyl tosylate or diethyl sulfate. The resulting xanthinium tosylate or ethyl sulfate salts can be converted into the corresponding PF6- and chloride salts. The reaction of these xanthinium salts with silver(I) oxide results in the formation of different silver(I) carbene-complexes. In the presence of ammonia, ammine complexes [Ag(NHC)(NH3)]PF6 are formed, whilst with Et2NH, the bis(carbene) salts [Ag(NHC)2]PF6

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3

Buchspies, Jonathan, Md Mahbubur Rahman, and Michal Szostak. "Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides Using Well-Defined, Air- and Moisture-Stable Nickel/NHC (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Complexes." Catalysts 10, no. 4 (2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10040372.

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In this Special Issue on N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Complexes in Catalysis, we report the first example of Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides catalyzed by well-defined, air- and moisture-stable nickel/NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes. The selective amide bond N–C(O) activation is achieved by half-sandwich, cyclopentadienyl [CpNi(NHC)Cl] complexes. The following order of reactivity of NHC ligands has been found: IPr > IMes > IPaul ≈ IPr*. Both the neutral and the cationic complexes are efficient catalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of amides. Kinetic stu

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Beig, Nosheen, Varsha Goyal, Raakhi Gupta, and Raj K. Bansal. "N-Heterocyclic Carbenes–CuI Complexes as Catalysts: A Theoretical Insight." Australian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 7 (2021): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch20332.

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The electronic structures of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) imidazolinylidene, thiazolinylidene, imidazolylidene, thiazolylidene, and 1,2,4-triazolylidene and their complexes with cuprous halides (CuX, X=Cl, Br, I) were investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/def2-SVP level. In contrast to other NHCs, imidazolylidene and 1,2,4-triazolylidene do not dimerize owing to the negligible coefficient of the vacant p-orbital at the carbene centre in their respective LUMOs. This is further supported by their greater thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities revealed by greater activation free energies and sm

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5

Savka, Roman, Sabine Foro, and Herbert Plenio. "Pentiptycene-based concave NHC–metal complexes." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 27 (2016): 11015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt01724j.

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6

Qie, Boyu, Ziyi Wang, Jingwei Jiang, et al. "Synthesis and characterization of low-dimensional N-heterocyclic carbene lattices." Science 384, no. 6698 (2024): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adm9814.

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The covalent interaction of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with transition metal atoms gives rise to distinctive frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). These emergent electronic states have spurred the widespread adoption of NHC ligands in chemical catalysis and functional materials. Although formation of carbene-metal complexes in self-assembled monolayers on surfaces has been explored, design and electronic structure characterization of extended low-dimensional NHC-metal lattices remains elusive. Here we demonstrate a modular approach to engineering one-dimensional (1D) metal-organic chains and

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7

Beig, Nosheen, Varsha Goyal, and Raj Kumar Bansal. "Application of N-heterocyclic carbene–Cu(I) complexes as catalysts in organic synthesis: a review." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 19 (September 20, 2023): 1408–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.19.102.

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N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are a special type of carbenes in which the carbene carbon atom is part of the nitrogen heterocyclic ring. Due to the simplicity of their synthesis and the modularity of their stereoelectronic properties, NHCs have unquestionably emerged as one of the most fascinating and well-known species in chemical science. The remarkable stability of NHCs can be attributed to both kinetic as well as thermodynamic effects caused by its structural features. NHCs constitute a well-established class of new ligands in organometallic chemistry. Although initially NHCs were regarde

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8

Nonnenmacher, Michael, Dominik M. Buck, and Doris Kunz. "Experimental and theoretical investigations on the high-electron donor character of pyrido-annelated N-heterocyclic carbenes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (August 23, 2016): 1884–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.178.

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Rh(CO)2Cl(NHC) complexes of dipyrido-annelated N-heterocyclic carbenes were prepared. From the C–H coupling constant of the respective imidazolium salts and the N–C–N angle of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), a weaker σ-donor character than that of typical unsaturated NHCs is expected. However, the IR stretching frequencies of their Rh(CO)2Cl complexes suggest an electron-donor character even stronger than that of saturated NHCs. We ascribe this to the extremely weak π-acceptor character of the dipyrido-annelated NHCs caused by the conjugated 14 πe− system that thus allows for an enhanced Rh–

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9

Ali, Hanan El-Sharkawy. "Bis-carbene metallic compounds: synthesis of imidazoline derivatives via cycloaddition reaction of isocyanides based on amidines." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2017.6202.

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In an effort to develop new classes of NHC (N-heterocyclic carbenes) complexes, two imidazoline-anchored ligand systems have been synthesized. The process is superior owing to two approaches: (i) a new synthesized phase transfer catalyst, namely, 1,1'-benzene-1,4-diyldipyridinium dibromide (BDPDB) used to catalyze the phase-transfer Hoffmann reaction of two structurally varied amines, dodecylamine and 1-amino-9,10- anthraquinone. The reaction successfully gave the corresponding isocyanides that display the highest reactivity in reasonable to good yields. (ii) A cycloaddition-rearrangement reac

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10

Leitão, Maria Inês P. S., Giulia Francescato, Clara S. B. Gomes, and Ana Petronilho. "Synthesis of Platinum(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Based on Adenosine." Molecules 26, no. 17 (2021): 5384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175384.

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Organometallic derivatization of nucleosides is a highly promising strategy for the improvement of the therapeutic profile of nucleosides. Herein, a methodology for the synthesis of metalated adenosine with a deprotected ribose moiety is described. Platinum(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes based on adenosine were synthesized, namely N-heterocyclic carbenes bearing a protected and unprotected ribose ring. Reaction of the 8-bromo-2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyladenosine with Pt(PPh3)4 by C8−Br oxidative addition yielded complex 1, with a PtII centre bonded to C-8 and an unprotonated N7. Complex 1 reac

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11

Urbina-Blanco, César A., Xavier Bantreil, Hervé Clavier, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and Steven P. Nolan. "Backbone tuning in indenylidene–ruthenium complexes bearing an unsaturated N-heterocyclic carbene." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 6 (November 23, 2010): 1120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.6.128.

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The steric and electronic influence of backbone substitution in IMes-based (IMes = 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) was probed by synthesizing the [RhCl(CO)2(NHC)] series of complexes to quantify experimentally the Tolman electronic parameter (electronic) and the percent buried volume (%V bur, steric) parameters. The corresponding ruthenium–indenylidene complexes were also synthesized and tested in benchmark metathesis transformations to establish possible correlations between reactivity and NHC electronic and steric parameters.

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12

Tialiou, Alexia, Jiamin Chin, Bernhard K. Keppler, and Michael R. Reithofer. "Current Developments of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Au(I)/Au(III) Complexes toward Cancer Treatment." Biomedicines 10, no. 6 (2022): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061417.

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Since their first discovery, N-heterocyclic carbenes have had a significant impact on organometallic chemistry. Due to their nature as strong σ-donor and π-acceptor ligands, they are exceptionally well suited to stabilize Au(I) and Au(III) complexes in biological environments. Over the last decade, the development of rationally designed NHCAu(I/III) complexes to specifically target DNA has led to a new “gold rush” in bioinorganic chemistry. This review aims to summarize the latest advances of NHCAu(I/III) complexes that are able to interact with DNA. Furthermore, the latest advancements on acy

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13

Lv, Gaochao, Liubin Guo, Ling Qiu, et al. "Lipophilicity-dependent ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potential anticancer agents." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 16 (2015): 7324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00169b.

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14

Hille, Claudia, and Fritz E. Kühn. "Cationic rhenium complexes ligated with N-heterocyclic carbenes – an overview." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 1 (2016): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03641k.

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15

Prencipe, Filippo, Anna Zanfardino, Michela Di Napoli, et al. "Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (2021): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052497.

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The evolution of antibacterial resistance has arisen as the main downside in fighting bacterial infections pushing researchers to develop novel, more potent and multimodal alternative drugs.Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine due to the lack of silver resistance and the effectiveness at low concentration as well as to their low toxicities compared to the most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively employed to coordinate transition metals mainly for catalytic chemistry. However, more recently, NHC ligands have

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16

Bensalah, Donia, Nevin Gurbuz, Ismail Özdemir, Rafik Gatri, Lamjed Mansour, and Naceur Hamdi. "Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Properties, and Antioxidant Activities of Silver-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2023 (May 26, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3066299.

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance has become a major handicap in the fight against bacterial infections, prompting researchers to develop new, more effective, and multimodal alternatives. Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine because of their lack of resistance to silver, their low potency at low concentrations, and their low toxicity compared to most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are widely used for coordination of transition metals, mainly in catalytic chemistry. In this study, several N-alkylated benzimidazolium

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17

Sun, Hongsui, Xiao-Yan Yu, Paolo Marcazzan, Brian O. Patrick, and Brian R. James. "Rhodium(I)–(N-heterocyclic carbene)–diphosphine complexes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, no. 9 (2009): 1248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v09-118.

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Reactions of [RhCl(COE)(IPr)]2 (1) and [RhCl(COE)(IMes)]2 (2) (COE = cyclooctene; IPr = N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene; IMes = N,N′-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) with the diphosphines Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (dppbz) give the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) – diphosphine – rhodium(I) complexes: RhCl(NHC)[Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2] [NHC = IPr, n = 1 (3); NHC = IMes, n = 1 (4); NHC = IPr, n = 2 (5); NHC = IMes, n = 2 (6); NHC = IPr, n = 4 (7); NHC = IMes, n = 4 (8)] and RhCl(NHC)(dppbz) [NHC = IPr (9); NHC = IMes (10)]. All the complexes are c

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18

Ruamps, Mirko, Stéphanie Bastin, Lionel Rechignat, et al. "Redox-Switchable Behavior of Transition-Metal Complexes Supported by Amino-Decorated N-Heterocyclic Carbenes." Molecules 27, no. 12 (2022): 3776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123776.

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The coordination chemistry of the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand IMes(NMe2)2, derived from the well-known IMes ligand by substitution of the carbenic heterocycle with two dimethylamino groups, was investigated with d6 [Mn(I), Fe(II)], d8 [Rh(I)], and d10 [Cu(I)] transition-metal centers. The redox behavior of the resulting organometallic complexes was studied through a combined experimental/theoretical study, involving electrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. While the complexes [CuCl(IMes(NMe2)2)], [RhCl(COD)(IMes(NMe2)2)], and [FeCp(CO)2 (IMes(NMe2)2)](BF4) exhibit two oxidat

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19

Kiefer, Claude, Sebastian Bestgen, Michael T. Gamer, Sergei Lebedkin, Manfred M. Kappes, and Peter W. Roesky. "Alkynyl-functionalized gold NHC complexes and their coinage metal clusters." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 30 (2015): 13662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt02228b.

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Phenylpropynyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands for the synthesis of heterometallic hexanuclear coinagemetal clusters which exhibit mixed metallophillic interactions and intense white photoluminescence at low temperature.

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20

Neshat, Abdollah, Piero Mastrorilli, and Ali Mousavizadeh Mobarakeh. "Recent Advances in Catalysis Involving Bidentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010095.

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Since the discovery of persistent carbenes by the isolation of 1,3-di-l-adamantylimidazol-2-ylidene by Arduengo and coworkers, we witnessed a fast growth in the design and applications of this class of ligands and their metal complexes. Modular synthesis and ease of electronic and steric adjustability made this class of sigma donors highly popular among chemists. While the nature of the metal-carbon bond in transition metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is predominantly considered to be neutral sigma or dative bonds, the strength of the bond is highly dependent on the energy

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21

Khalili Najafabadi, Bahareh, and John F. Corrigan. "Silylphosphido complexes of gold(I) coordinated with NHC ligands." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 7 (2016): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2016-0096.

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The N-heterocyclic carbenes IPr (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) and iPr2-bimy (iPr2-bimy = 1,3-di-isopropylbenzimidazole-2-ylidene) were utilized as a basis for the preparation of four gold–silylphosphido complexes: [(IPr)AuP(Ph)SiMe3] (1), [(IPr)AuP(SiMe3)2] (2), [(iPr2-bimy)AuP(Ph)SiMe3] (3), and [(iPr2-bimy)AuP(SiMe3)2] (4). These complexes represent rare examples of terminally bonded Au–PR2 and the first examples where phosphorus retains reactive P-SiMe3 moieties. The reactivity of the P–Si bonds in 1 and 3 was explored via the addition of PhC(O)Cl. The products of

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22

Liu, Ming, Jan C. Namyslo, Martin Nieger, Mika Polamo, and Andreas Schmidt. "From betaines to anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Borane, gold, rhodium, and nickel complexes starting from an imidazoliumphenolate and its carbene tautomer." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (December 8, 2016): 2673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.264.

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The mesomeric betaine imidazolium-1-ylphenolate forms a borane adduct with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by coordination with the phenolate oxygen, whereas its NHC tautomer 1-(2-phenol)imidazol-2-ylidene reacts with (triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride to give the cationic NHC complex [Au(NHC)2][Cl] by coordination with the carbene carbon atom. The anionic N-heterocyclic carbene 1-(2-phenolate)imidazol-2-ylidene gives the complexes [K][Au(NHC−)2], [Rh(NHC−)3] and [Ni(NHC−)2], respectively. Results of four single crystal analyses are presented.

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23

Zhang, Shu, Wen-Chao Zhang, Dan-Dan Shang, Zhi-Qian Zhang, and Yi-Xian Wu. "Ethylene/propylene copolymerization catalyzed by vanadium complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbenes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 34 (2015): 15264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00675a.

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24

Doud, Evan A., Michael S. Inkpen, Giacomo Lovat, et al. "In Situ Formation of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Bound Single-Molecule Junctions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 28 (2018): 8944–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2579390.

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ABSTRACT: Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed using N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have recently emerged as thermally and chemically ultrastable alternatives to those formed from thiols. The rich chemistry and strong σ-donating ability of NHCs offer unique prospects for applications in nanoelectronics, sensing, and electrochemistry. Although stable in SAMs, free carbenes are notoriously reactive, making their electronic characterization challenging. Here we report the first investigation of electron transport across single NHC-bound molecules using the scanning tunneling microsc

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25

Crochet, Pascale, and Victorio Cadierno. "Gold Complexes with Hydrophilic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Their Contribution to Aqueous-Phase Catalysis." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (2023): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020436.

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N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are nowadays one of the most widely employed ligands in organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis due to the inherent stability of the metal-carbene bond and the ease of modification of the backbone as well as the N-wingtips substituents of these ligands. The functionalization of NHCs with hydrophilic groups offers the possibility of using NHC-metal complexes in aqueous catalysis, a hot topic within the Green Chemistry context due to the positive implications associated with the use of water as a reaction medium. In line with the enormous interest arouse

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Naeimi, Khadijeh, Mehdi Bayat, and Ehsan Alavi Pour. "Trinuclear cylinder-like potential anticancer and antibacterial Cu(i), Ag(i) and Au(i) nano-sized cationic complexes with tris-NHC ligands: cationic M₃ metal cluster displaying positive or negative cooperativity in triad [L₂(R)₆→M₃]³⁺ complexes?" RSC Advances 15, no. 9 (2025): 6742–52. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra08514k.

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N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are a class of organic molecules containing a divalent carbon atom, known as a carbene, within a heterocyclic (ring) structure where nitrogen atoms (N) form part of the ring.

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Wu, Melissa M., Arran M. Gill, Lu Yunpeng, et al. "Aryl-NHC-group 13 trimethyl complexes: structural, stability and bonding insights." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 3 (2017): 854–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04448d.

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Treatment of aromatic N-substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with trimethylgallium and -indium yielded the new Lewis acid–base adducts (as shown in the Figure). The steric and electronic factors affecting the stability of these complexes were quantified using percent buried volume, topographic steric maps and theoretical studies.

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Espinal-Viguri, Maialen, Victor Varela-Izquierdo, Fedor M. Miloserdov, Ian M. Riddlestone, Mary F. Mahon, and Michael K. Whittlesey. "Heterobimetallic ruthenium–zinc complexes with bulky N-heterocyclic carbenes: syntheses, structures and reactivity." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 13 (2019): 4176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt05023f.

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Bysewski, Oliver, Andreas Winter, Phil Liebing, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "Noble Metal Complexes of a Bis-Caffeine Containing NHC Ligand." Molecules 27, no. 13 (2022): 4316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134316.

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N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have seen more and more use over the years. The go-to systems that are usually considered are derivatives of benzimidazole or imidazole. Caffeine possesses an imidazole unit and was already utilized as a carbene-type ligand; however, its use within a tridentate bis-NHC system has—to the best of our knowledge—not been reported so far. The synthesis of the ligand is straightforward and metal complexes are readily available via silver-salt metathesis. A platinum(II) and a palladium(II) complex were isolated and a crystal structure of the former was examined. For the

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Jutand, Anny, Julien Pytkowicz, Sylvain Roland, and Pierre Mangeney. "Mechanism of the oxidative addition of aryl halides to bis-carbene palladium(0) complexes." Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, no. 7 (2010): 1393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-09-09-22.

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Bis-N-heterocyclic carbenes Pd0 complexes, Pd0(NHC)2, are efficient catalysts in Heck reactions performed with aryl bromides or chlorides. The Pd0(NHC)2 that are not stable are generated in situ from PdII precursors PdY2(NHC)2 (Y = halides) after a chemical reduction. The latter procedure can be mimicked by an electrochemical reduction. The transient Pd0(NHCBn)2 is generated by electrochemical reduction of PdY2(NHCBn)2, and its reactivity in oxidative addition to aryl bromides and chlorides is characterized by the same electrochemical technique with the determination of the rate constants. Pd0

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Sureshbabu, Bemineni, Venkatachalam Ramkumar, and Sethuraman Sankararaman. "Facile base-free in situ generation and palladation of mesoionic and normal N-heterocyclic carbenes at ambient conditions." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 28 (2014): 10710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt01112k.

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32

Ohki, Yasuhiro, and Hidetake Seino. "N-Heterocyclic carbenes as supporting ligands in transition metal complexes of N2." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 3 (2016): 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04298d.

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Azpíroz, Ramón, Mert Olgun Karataş, Vincenzo Passarelli, Ismail Özdemir, Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente, and Ricardo Castarlenas. "Preparation of Mixed Bis-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Rhodium(I) Complexes." Molecules 27, no. 20 (2022): 7002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27207002.

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A series of mixed bis-NHC rhodium(I) complexes of type RhCl(η2-olefin)(NHC)(NHC’) have been synthesized by a stepwise reaction of [Rh(μ-Cl)(η2-olefin)2]2 with two different NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene), in which the steric hindrance of both NHC ligands and the η2-olefin is critical. Similarly, new mixed coumarin-functionalized bis-NHC rhodium complexes have been prepared by a reaction of mono NHC complexes of type RhCl(NHC-coumarin)(η2,η2-cod) with the corresponding azolium salt in the presence of an external base. Both synthetic procedures proceed selectively and allow the preparation

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Liang, Qiuming, Nina Jiabao Liu, and Datong Song. "Constructing reactive Fe and Co complexes from isolated picolyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 29 (2018): 9889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02621a.

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35

Shanmuganathan, Saravanakumar, Olaf Kühl, Peter Jones, and Joachim Heinicke. "Nickel and palladium complexes of enolatefunctionalised N-heterocyclic carbenes." Open Chemistry 8, no. 5 (2010): 992–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0071-6.

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AbstractThe reaction of chloroethyltrimethylsilylether with 1-methylimidazole furnishes an ionic liquid that undergoes methanolysis to crystalline 2-hydroxyethylimidazolium chloride (crystal structure presented). Conversion to defined hydroxyethylimidazol-2-ylidene nickel complexes failed, but was accomplished with 1-methyl-3-acetophenyl-imidazolium bromide. The bis(NHC⋂O−) nickel(II) chelate is formed, rather than a methallylnickel monochelate, but with nickelocene a monochelate NiCp complex was detected. The bulky 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2’-phenyl-enolato)-imidazol-2-ylidene allylpallad

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Cingolani, Andrea, Cristiana Cesari, Stefano Zacchini, Valerio Zanotti, Maria Cristina Cassani, and Rita Mazzoni. "Straightforward synthesis of iron cyclopentadienone N-heterocyclic carbene complexes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 44 (2015): 19063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03071d.

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Dubey, Gurudutt, Nutan Mahawar, Tejender Singh, Nirjhar Saha, Subash C. Sahoo, and Prasad V. Bharatam. "Thiazetidin-2-ylidenes as four membered N-heterocyclic carbenes: theoretical studies and the generation of complexes with N⁺ center." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 2 (2022): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp04732a.

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Haslinger, S., A. C. Lindhorst, J. W. Kück, M. Cokoja, A. Pöthig, and F. E. Kühn. "Isocyanide substitution reactions at the trans labile sites of an iron(ii) N-heterocyclic carbene complex." RSC Advances 5, no. 104 (2015): 85486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra18270k.

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A variety of isocyanide-substituted Fe(ii) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes has been synthesized, starting from an Fe(ii) NHC complex with an equatorial, tetradentate bis(pyridyl-NHC) ligand (NCCN).

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39

Elvan, Üstün, and Şahin Neslihan. "Molecular docking analysis of N-heterocyclic carbene and silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with thioredoxin reductas." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 97, No. 10c, Oct 2020 (2020): 2013–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970121.

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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey Department of Basic Education, Faculty of Education, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey <em>E-mail</em>: elvanustun@odu.edu.tr <em>Manuscript received online 20 October 2020, revised and accepted 31 October 2020</em> Molecular docking is a frequently used method in computer-supported drug design studies. It is possible to obtain useful information about the magnitude and character of the interaction between known targets and bioactive molecules thanks to docking methods. Besides the well-known anti

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40

Gu, Shaojin, Jiehao Du, Jingjing Huang, et al. "Unsymmetrical NCN-pincer mononuclear and dinuclear nickel(ii) complexes of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC): synthesis, structure and catalysis for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 2 (2017): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03944h.

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Both two rare [(NHC)<sub>2</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>-OH] type complexes and pincer-type [(NC<sub>NHC</sub>N)Ni-Cl] complexes were synthesized using the same synthetic methodology by slight modulation of the N-substituents on the N-heterocyclic carbene ring.

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41

A Patil, Siddappa, Amy P Hoagland, Shivaputra A Patil, and Alejandro Bugarin. "N-heterocyclic carbene-metal complexes as bio-organometallic antimicrobial and anticancer drugs, an update (2015–2020)." Future Medicinal Chemistry 12, no. 24 (2020): 2239–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2020-0175.

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N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are organic compounds that typically mimic the chemical properties of phosphines. NHCs have made a significant impact on the field of coordination and organometallic chemistry because they are easy to prepare and handle and because of their versatility and stability. Importantly, the physicochemical properties of NHCs can be easily fine-tuned by simple variation of substituents on the nitrogen atoms. Over the past few years, various NHC–metal complexes have been extensively used as metal-based drug candidates and catalysts (homogeneous or heterogeneous) for vario

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Visbal, Renso, and M. Concepción Gimeno. "N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes: photoluminescence and applications." Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, no. 10 (2014): 3551–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60466g.

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Zhang, Dao, Yu He, and Junkai Tang. "Chiral linker-bridged bis-N-heterocyclic carbenes: design, synthesis, palladium complexes, and catalytic properties." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 29 (2016): 11699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt00984k.

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Cesari, C., S. Conti, S. Zacchini, V. Zanotti, M. C. Cassani, and R. Mazzoni. "Sterically driven synthesis of ruthenium and ruthenium–silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 46 (2014): 17240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt02747g.

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Czerwiński, Paweł, and Michał Michalak. "Synthetic Approaches to Chiral Non-C 2-symmetric N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors." Synthesis 51, no. 08 (2019): 1689–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611733.

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N-Heterocyclic carbenes and their metal complexes have found applications in many organic transformations. Apart from the privileged C 2-symmetry present in modern enantioselective catalysis, ligands bearing C 1-symmetry have witnessed growing attention due to the better control of process stereoselectivity in many cases. The present review summarizes, for the first time, the seminal synthetic efforts for the preparation of N-heterocyclic carbene precursors exhibiting C 1-symmetry. The well-established methods will be discussed in the light of recent achievements, giving a direct opportunity f

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Roy, Matthew M. D., Michael J. Ferguson, Robert McDonald, and Eric Rivard. "Approaching monocoordination at a silver(i) cation." Chemical Communications 54, no. 5 (2018): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc08418h.

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Wang, Yu-Ting, Bin-Bin Gao, Fan Wang, et al. "Palladium(ii) and palladium(ii)–silver(i) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene and zwitterionic thiolate mixed ligands: synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic properties." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 6 (2017): 1832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04599e.

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Valdés, Hugo, Daniel Canseco-González, Juan Manuel Germán-Acacio, and David Morales-Morales. "Xanthine based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 867 (July 2018): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.008.

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DeJesus, Joseph F., Ryan W. F. Kerr, Deborah A. Penchoff, et al. "Actinide tetra-N-heterocyclic carbene ‘sandwiches’." Chemical Science 12, no. 22 (2021): 7882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc01007g.

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Highly-symmetrical, thorium and uranium octakis-carbene ‘sandwich’ complexes have been prepared by ‘sandwiching’ the An(iv) cations between two anionic macrocyclic tetra-NHC ligands, one with sixteen atoms and the other with eighteen atoms.

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Turek, Jan, Illia Panov, Petr Švec, Zdeňka Růžičková, and Aleš Růžička. "Non-covalent interactions in coinage metal complexes of 1,2,4-triazole-based N-heterocyclic carbenes." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 41 (2014): 15465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt01994f.

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