Journal articles on the topic 'N.Y. State Library School'

This study aims to find out how the library facilities and infrastructure at SMA 1 Negeri Serbajadi are, then to find out how the interest in visiting students is and to find out whether or not there is an influence between library facilities and infrastructure on students' interest in visiting SMA 1 Negeri Serbajadi. This research is a quantitative research. A sample of 249 students using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. Data processing techniques using descriptive analysis techniques and inferential analysis. The results showed that there was no influence between the intensity of student arrivals and library costs which showed a negative correlation of -0.363. There was a simultaneous effect between the availability of library books on library costs for class XI students at the SMA N 1 Serbajadi Library by 32%. So that the increase in the availability of library books will affect the increase in library support costs for class XI students in the library of SMA N 1 Serbajadi. There is an effect of library facilities on library costs for class XI students in the library of SMA N 1 Serbajadi with a partial contribution value of 48.2%. So the better the library facilities, the higher the student library costs. There is an effect of library management on library costs for class XI students in the SMA N 1 Serbajadi library with a partial contribution value of 2.5%. So the more library services increase, the student library costs also increase. There is an effect of library services on library costs for class XI students in the SMA N 1 Serbajadi library with a partial contribution value of 5.83%. So the more library services increase, the student library costs also increase.

Regional library local history is a comprehensive library activity requiring special professional training. The author reveals the issue of teaching library local history at library higher schools; searched educational publications on local history in the electronic catalogues of libraries and bibliographic indices. It was revealed 48 academic publications on library local history for 1930-2014. The study objective is to trace the evolution of educational publications on the problems of teaching librarian local history in a library higher school. It was presented the analysis of textbooks on the following features: types of educational publications, authors, scientific schools and content. The study revealed expanding diversity of educational publications on library local history, from single programs, lectures to textbooks, educational-methodical complexes and electronic textbooks. At the same time, it was found out a lack of new integrated textbooks, «fragmentation» in teaching and representing certain aspects of local librarian history in educational work, insufficient number of electronic textbooks and absence of interactive electronic educational materials for universities. The fundamentals of teaching local librarian history were started by two scientific schools in St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture and Moscow State Institute of Culture. The formation of the library local history as an educational course is associated with the name of N. V. Zdobnov. The largest contribution to the development of educational-methodological support for library local history was made by A. V. Mamontov and N. N. Shcherba. The substantive aspect of educational-methodological support for library local history can be divided into three stages. The first stage (1930-1970) is related to the study of local history bibliography only. The second period (1980-1990) is characterized by creating a number of editions covering general problems of regional studies of library local history and library activities on local history study. In 1990s preconditions appeared to expand study of various aspects of library local history. IIt was connected with changes in the state policy of regional development, as well as a growing interest in regional/local history information. The third stage (2000-2010s) of the evolution of educational publications is related, on the one hand, to a more expanded study of some specific aspects of library local librarian (bibliographic processing of local history documents, local history fund or management of local history activities, etc.), on the other hand, to a complex representation of regional studies in cooperation of libraries, archives, museums and other institutions dealing with issues of local history in the region.

The article is dedicated to the memory of Yury Nikolaevich Stolyarov, an outstanding Soviet and Russian scientist and pedagogue, facilitator of science and higher education, the largest specialist in the field of library science, documentology, book science and computer science, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, President of the Library Science Department of the International Academy of Informatization, full member of the Russian Academy of Humanities, Honorary Professor of Moscow State Institute of Culture and Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture. The memoirs and reflections on Yury N. Stolyarov as a mentor and a friend are presented, and the authors' personal impressions of this in many ways amazing personality are given.

The present study aims to identify the infrastructure conditions presented in state public schools in the municipality of Marília to receive the implementation of the High School Reform (EM), Law N. 13415/2017, Evidencing the important of evaluation beyond the standardized tests, with discussions about the contextual factors of schools that need to be considered in the search for quality. The research was developed in a documentary and bibliographic nature, with the support of the PIBIC scholarship UNESP´s Rectoty. As a result, we identified that although the regulations of the Reform contemplate the need to improve the infrastructure, its implementation, which began in 2021, is taking place with the existing structural conditions. According to the infrastructure scale proposed by Soares et al. (2013) organized into four levels of classification, we found that all 18 schools that offer the EM in this municipality are classified as basic infrastructure for their operation. Only five schools have a Science Laboratory, two schools have a Library and the other Reading Rooms. We also highlight that seven of the 18 schools investigated were selected by the “Programa Escola + Bonita” (SÃO PAULO, 2019) because they have a greater need for investment in infrastructure. We emphasize that changing the curricular organization as the Reform of the EM proposes without the availability of objective working conditions is not enough for the advancement of quality, at the same time it does not provide a human and emancipatory training for young people. Keywords: School infrastructure; High school reform; Marilia's high school; State public schools.

Scientific Library MGIMO opened to readers in 1944 became the basis for her book fund of the Faculty of International Relations, Moscow State University on the basis of which was created by an independent institution - Institute of International Relations (MGIMO in the future). In 1954, when the composition of the MGIMO was included from the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies, the merger of the two libraries. This has considerably enriched the book collection, as the Institute of Oriental led his chronicle of the Lazarev School of Oriental Languages, founded in 1815 and features a wonderful book collection. In 1958, the merger with the Institute of Moscow State Institute of Foreign Trade funds replenished special economic literature. Thus was formed the basis of the library's collection of MGIMO, which develops in accordance with the curriculum and subjects research university. Pride Library -176 manuscripts and more than 21 thousands of rare and valuable editions of XIII -the beginning of XX century. Among them - the first and the lifetime editions of works by prominent scholars, writers and public figures (N.M. Karamzin, V.O. Kliuchevskoi, N. Kostomarov S.M. Solovyev, J. Bodin, Hobbes, A.F. Koni, Martens et al.), autographed books, N.M. Przewalski, A.N. Kuropatkin, A.E. Crimean and other famous people. The collection of rare books and manuscripts research library also includes: - life time edition of the French writer and politician Jean Bodin "Six Books of the Republic" (1577); - the second edition of the famous treatise of the English philosopher and writer Thomas Hobbes "On Citizenship" (1647); - english (1669) and german (1696) edition of the book Adam Oleary "Descriptions Travel to Muscovy and Persia through Muscovy and back".

Review of the book: Stolyarov Yu. N. Rubakin regained / Yu. N. Stolyarov ; Association of Russian School Librarians ; Library Science Department of the International Informatization Academy ; Russian State Library ; Book Culture Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences ; National Library of Sakha Republic (Yakutia). – Moscow : RUSLA, 2019. – 416 p. [In Russian]In his new book, Yury N. Stolyarov reconstructs the biography of Nikolay [Nikolas] Aleksandrovich Rubakin, the author of over 280 books and 300 articles. The monograph is based on the series of papers by Stolyarov published in professional periodicals. The author includes Rubakin’s biography beginning with his birth in the town of Oranienbaum (now (Lomonosov, Leningradskaya oblast, Russia) till his last days in Switzerland. Yu. Stolyarov portrays a person who had to emigrate, though his all life was wholeheartedly devoted to Russia. The author investigates into archival materials, publications by the scholar, his personal correspondence, which enabled Stolyarov to demonstrate political, social and cultural impacts on Rubakin’s life and vectors of his studies. In his book, Stolyarov emphasizes the scholar’s great contribution to the study of problems in library science and bibliology, i. e. the role of libraries in self-education, promotion of science knowledge among population groups, collection development, book selection for children, reading theory, etc. Yu. Stolyarov also focuses on bibliopsychology — an independent discipline, developed by N. Rubakin and won the support of the library community. The findings of bibliopsychology has been being still used globally.

The third scientific and practical conference “The letters and digits: The libraries on the way to digitalization” “BilioPiter–2022” is reviewed. The conference w as h eld i n S t. P etersburg o n A pril 6–8, 2022. Every year, the conference gathers together library professionals, educationalists and researchers to contribute to the development of library and information sphere. The conference key topic is discussed: joint efforts of the libraries and educational, informational and research organizations in developing new approaches, methods and technologies for the library and information sphere in the modern digital environment. The focus is made on specialized research and practical seminar “Automation of libraries in the digital information educational environment” and IRBIS School one-day session (St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture); lecture-seminar series “The libraries in the modern information and digital environment “Concepts, technologies, laws and regulations”; discussion round table “The libraries’ interacting with the society, business and authorities”; presentation of the memorial threevolume book “My friend Katya Genieva” (V. V. Mayakovsky Central City Public Library); special seminar “Information support of science and Education: Theory and practice” (National Library of Russia); and special seminar “The projects of the National Library of Russia in digitalization of the national cultural heritage” (Russian Academy of Science Library). The key topics and keynote papers are also discussed.

Review of the book: Stolyarov Yu. Rubakin revisited / Yury N. Stolyarov: Russian School Library Association ; Librarianship Department of the International Informatization Academy ; Russian State Library ; Research Center of Book Culture Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences ; National Library of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). – Moscow : RUSLA, 2019. – 416 p., ill.The reviewer emphasizes the importance of the reviewed book, as Nicholas Rubakin’s work of researcher and educator, has not been studied comprehensively yet. The publication coincides with Rubakin’s 160-th anniversary. The reviewer characterizes the book structure and the contents of its five chapters: “The Life”, “The Foreign Native”, “The Focus of N. A. Rubakin’s Creative Interests”, “Bibliopsychological Portraits”, and “The Author of Integral Philosophy”.Yu. N. Stolyarov characterizes Nicholas Rubakin as a science communicator, expert of self-education and (kids) reading guidance and, most of all, as a founder of bibliopsychological theory. The reviewer examines the key works by Rubakin for each of the above-mentioned areas, e.g. “The secret of library work success”, “What the bibliological psychology is”, The Psychology of readers and books”, “Importance of the books”, “On the methodology of the book business”, “The book market in Soviet Russia and its psychology”. The reviewer makes a focus on Rubakin’s masterwork –“Among books” and on Stolyarov’s footnotes that expand the book text and reader knowledge, and points to the book design.

Currently, one can observe active use of electronic resources by teachers at various teaching stages, on all levels of basic education. I n this work, the authors review an electronic library available on the «Moscow Electronic School» website. The article reveals the potential of using electronic network resources of the Moscow Electronic School project for the self-development of students, provides examples of the use of such resources in the educational process, gives a brief overview of scientific literature on this topic, describes the results of experience with the electronic library. It all allows the authors to talk about the efficiency of using such resources, both in Russia and abroad, namely, to state an increase in the level of activity and the quality of educational material assimilation. Electronic libraries are of great importance to the interactive learning process. As another result of the study, the authors note an increase in the level of educational motivation. Thus, we can say that the resources of modern electronic libraries offer a significant potential for the development of necessary skills, abilities and knowledge in students.

This research is a response to challenges in school library management, including manual data management and the need for effective human resource management. The research method used is the Research and Development (R&D) method, which consists of several stages such as preliminary studies, development, and product determination. The purpose of this study was to produce an effective training design to improve the quality of web-based library management in Labuhanbatu Regency. The training was aimed at library heads, library staff, and prospective library heads in secondary schools in Labuhanbatu. The needs analysis stage involved interviews and questionnaires to training participants, which indicated the need for increased knowledge in the management of web-based library information systems. The development process included designing a training model, creating training modules, training materials, and web-based training media. The training combined practical and theoretical models, with simulations of the use of web-based library information systems. Evaluation was conducted through performance tests and validation by experts. The evaluation results showed that the training design was rated as excellent by the experts, with an average score of 86.70% for the material and 89.30% for the media. The final product is considered internally valid and can be implemented. The scores from the questionnaire test of the trainees showed the success of the training with a percentage of 76.11%. Statistical tests showed that participants' knowledge increased significantly after the training. The N-Gain Score value of 62.68% indicates that the training model is quite effective.

This article presents a portrait of the eminent Pole, Professor Napoleon Halitsky (1818-1881), a talented creator of the veterinary education and science system in Kharkiv and Eastern Europe, founder of the Kharkiv Practical Veterinary School (1839) as a department of Kharkiv University, and the Kharkiv Veterinary School (1850) – the city’s second higher educational institution. The article is based on archival sources, previously unknown in Poland, preserved in the collections of the Lithuanian State Historical Archives in Vilnius and the Archive of digitized periodicals of the Central Scientific Library of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. The authors emphasize that alongside organizational activities and years of service as director of the Kharkiv Veterinary School, Napoleon Halitsky was engaged in scientific research, being an outstanding European scientist, seeking ways to overcome infectious diseases in cattle in the mid-19th century. He was a respected and authoritative scholar of his time, deserving of recognition by future generations.

The history of the first in the country dissertation defense board, established at the N. K. Krupskaya Communist Institute of Political Education (today – St.Petersburg State Institute of Culture) is examined. The Board was established to review the theses in librarianship and bibliography. The analysis is based on the bibliography of dissertations defended during 80 years: the bibliography comprises 592 works. The main historical stages of the board are characterized; data on the number of doctor and candidate defenses during various periods is given. Several doctorate theses that made serious impact in the library and information sector are characterized; the geography of degree applicants (USSR republics, Asian, African, Latin American states) is analyzed; the subject scope of their investigations is discussed. The main research vectors and the most efficient supervisors are named. The author reveals the links between the defended dissertations and the Institute’s area of studies and scholar schools in the library and information sciences. The reasons for decreasing number of theses and changing subject scope are discussed.

Memoirs dedicated to Sigismund Natanovich Valk were written by his student Gennady Leontyevich Sobolev, Russian historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honorary Professor of St. Petersburg State University, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, specialist in the history of Russia of the 20th century, founder of the scientific school of historians of Russian revolutions and the Civil War, the most respected researcher of the history of the Siege of Leningrad. S. N. Valk (1887–1975) was an outstanding theorist of source studies, archival studies and archaeography. He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University in 1913. He was the employee of the Petrograd Historical and Revolutionary Archives (1918–1922), teacher (since 1923) and professor at Leningrad State University, Doctor of Historical Sciences (1936), head of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences, researcher at the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1931). The article presents memories about S. N. Valk when the author was a student at the Faculty of History of the Leningrad State University in 1954–1959. G. L. Sobolev describes the narratives that shaped him as a historian: S. N. Valk’s seminars on ancient Russian history with firstyear students, the work in the archive under Valk’s supervision, conducting research for the thesis and the help of the teacher in choosing a direction of future professional activity. In addition, the memoirs reflect the university life of students of Leningrad State University in the 1950s, the principles of organizing the educational process at the faculty during this period, the work of the university library, and much more. The memories have important historical context, reflecting the everyday life of post-war Leningrad, and the system of secondary and higher education in the USSR.

The paper focuses on the problems of cultural and language adaptation of Russian expatriates abroad. It reflects a certain stage of an extensive research project carried out by the “Social-Cognitive Functioning of the Russian Language” school lead by N. D. Golev. The paper verifies the author’s observations about the cultural and linguistic adaptation of Russian expatriates in foreign countries in different historical periods. It is based on the evidence gathered by the author in the countries of the Russian Diaspora, as well as on archive materials, including the family and library archives in Russia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

Change management in the field of training and certification of academic personnel implies a reliable information support in the form of statistical and sociological data that enable the monitoring of the effectiveness of the institution of doctoral education. The current system for monitoring the activities of doctoral schools does not fully meet these requirements, thus making it difficult to assess objectively the implementation of doctoral education’s main function – the training of researchers and faculty for higher education. The article attempts to fill this information lacuna by presenting an analysis of the database created by the authors which contains information about the defense of dissertations and research results of PhD students who graduated in 2013 from nine Russian universities over the five-year period after their graduation (N = 1178). Information on the results of each graduate’s research activities was obtained from open sources: the portal of the Higher Attestation Commission, the electronic catalog of the Russian State Library, Scopus and eLibrary.ru databases, as well as the database of the Industrial Property Institute. As a result of our research, it was established that the actual timeframe of doctoral students’ advancement to their academic degree is determined by discipline-related factors. In the sample as a whole, the share of persons who defended their dissertations was 45% of the total number of graduates, which is 1.7 times higher than the share of graduates who defended their dissertations in the course of their studies at the doctoral school. Approximately 90% of graduates defend their dissertations no later than two years after graduation from the doctoral school. The quantitative data of doctoral school graduates’ retention in the academic field are given, with the breakdown by discipline. On average, more than 60% of Candidate of Sciences degree holders continue their careers in academic positions. The obtained data on Russian doctoral school graduates are in good agreement with the results of monitoring doctoral programs’ graduates in Europe and the USA. The results of this work make it possible to take a fresh look at the methodology for diagnosing the effectiveness of university doctoral schools.

The article outlines the early formative years in the history of the Department of Latin language in the Pediatric Medical Institute and traces the development in approaches to teaching Latin medical terminology, first introduced in 1932. After the abolition of gymnasium education the higher school had to deal with a lack of knowledge of classical languages. At the beginning, teaching Latin as the language of medicine was based on traditional methods of gymnasium education. Archival documents show the subject scope of the department which was in constant search for text material and special means of target training of medical students. Methodological problems of teaching and criteria for evaluation of knowledge were being gradually developed over the years in discussions with teachers at department meetings. The article offers details on the life and achievement of the first head of the department Konstantin P. Avdeev, together with an analysis of his scientific and practical activities. Avdeev’s wide interests and erudition come to the fore in his active work as a lecturer at a number of scientific organizations in Leningrad. Having amassed a unique library of over 7 thousand volumes, he was a famous bibliophile, an expert and a collector of bookplates (ex libris). The depth of his knowledge and a wide range of interests have shaped the values and promoted a creative approach to teaching medical Latin that still remains an important part of teaching the subject to first-year medical students. The article also provides brief information on Nora N. Zabinkova, his successor, whose activity has coincided with qualitative changes in the methods of teaching Latin. These changes were inspired by professor Maxim N. Chernyavsky, the head of the Department of Latin at the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The Department of Latin in Leningrad Pediatrical Medical Institute was among the few in first introducing and then spreading the new methods of teaching Latin and medical terminology in all medical schools across the country.

The article is devoted to the youthful diary in letters of Ivan Vasilyevich Vuich (1813–1884). Thе diary is kept in the Manuscript Department of the Russian State Library. The author of the diary came from the province to St. Petersburg to enter the School of Cavalry Junkers and Ensigns of the Guard. He lived in the capital for a year, preparing to the examinations and attending theaters, concerts, exhibitions, etc. in his leisure time. In 1830 he entered the School and studied there for another year, and then went with his regiment on a Polish campaign. In total, he lived in St. Petersburg for two years (1829–1830), during which he kept his diary in the form of letters addressed to his relatives. This genre is intermediate between a diary and a letter; it differs from a diary by the presence of a clearly designated addressee to whom the text is oriented. In particular, Vuich in his notes seeks to introduce relatives to the entertaining phenomena of metropolitan life. Thus, Vuich’s “journal” represents a lot of details of the city’s daily life; this makes it a useful source for studying the cultural history of the first third of the 19th century and for commenting on fiction and epistolary texts of this period, including letters of N. V. Gogol.

This article reviews the materials of a multi-author monograph dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the literary association “Serapion brothers”. This project has united researchers from Saratov, Moscow, St Petersburg, considered to be renowned experts in the history of Russian literature of the 1920–1930s. The research is based on the unique documents from the Serapion brothers’ legacy being introduced into the scientific circulation (K. Fedin, Vs. Ivanov, N. Tikhonov, V. Kaverin, I. Gruzdev). The documents are kept in the funds of the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), Literary Museum of the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (The Pushkin House), National Library of Russia (Saint Petersburg), State Museum of K. A. Fedin (Saratov). Their interpretation allows to fill the factual gaps in the history of the association and in the biographies of its members, to define the system of creative and interpersonal relationships between them more precisely. The monograph’s intention is unified by the material itself, by the general methodological principles of working with archive materials, by the presence of several recurrent plots, appearing in different articles. Among them there is a plot, rather appropriate for the anniversary edition, about different anniversaries of Serapion brothers, discussions of Eurasianism, of the nature of genre, of the “red Pinkerton”. The issues of censorship and self-censorship, questions of text studies and principles of ego-documents’ publication hold a prominent place on the pages of the monograph. These questions are not only theoretical, they have a rather practical significance in preparing the full texts of K. A. Fedin’s diaries for publication, on which the creative team is working. The monograph itself manifests the implementation of the proclaimed principles, as it is supplemented by wide-ranging reference materials, which offer great opportunities of further research of the literary phenomenon of Serapion brothers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Principal's leadership style of Discipline and Teacher Performance in SMK Negeri 3 Muara Bungo, to know the obstacles and to know the Effect of Leadership Style on Teacher discipline at SMK 3 Muara Bungo. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The population in this study was the Principal and Teacher of SMK 3 Muara Bungo. The number of samples determined in this study amounted to 9 (nine) people. Data collection techniques used are data using techniques with library and field sources (observation or interviews). Based on the description and discussion that has been done about the Principal's leadership style Toward Discipline and Performance of Teachers of State Vocational School 3 Muara Bungo is still not optimal in the leadership effort Influencing Teachers in Improving Teacher Performance Discipline in State Vocational School 3 Muara Bungo. good communication and provide motivation then guidance and opportunities for teachers to be able to show their ability if given the duties and responsibilities and always obey the rules that have been made together, Efforts in overcoming these obstacles such as, discipline and performance of Teachers of SMK N 3 Muara Bungo. different teachers, some are diligent, and committed to the rules that have been made together. AbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui Gaya kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kedisiplinan dan Kinerja Guru SMK Negeri 3 Muara Bungo mengetahui hambatan dan mengetahui Pengaruh Gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kedisiplinan Guru di SMKN 3 Muara Bungo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Sekolah dan Guru SMKN 3 Muara Bungo. Jumlah sampel ditetapkan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 9 (sembilan) orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah data menggunan teknik dengan sumber pustaka dan lapangan (observasi atau wawancara). Berdasarkan uraian dan pembahasan yang telah dilakukan tentang Gaya kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kedisiplinan dan Kinerja Guru SMK Negeri 3 Muara Bungo masih belum optimal dalam Upaya kepemimpinan Mempengaruhi Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Disiplin Kinerja Guru di SMK Negeri 3 Muara Bungo.adalah dengan melakukan pendekatan secara personal, melalui komunikasi yang baik serta memberikan motivasi kemudian bimbingan dan kesempatan kepada guru untuk dapat menunjukan kemampuannya jika diberi tugas dan tanggung jawab dan selalu patuh terhadap aturan yang telah dibuat bersama, Upaya dalam mengatasi hambatan tersebut seperti, kedisiplinan dan kinerja Guru SMK N 3 Muara Bungo.karakter guru yang berbeda-beda, ada yang rajin, dan komitmen terhadap aturan yang telah dibuat bersama

Abstract Objectives To synthesize findings from studies that assessed fruit and vegetable (F&V) plate waste from school lunches to i) estimate the level of waste, ii) determine whether there is a difference in F&V waste pre- and post- implementation of the new National School Lunch Program's (NSLP) meal standards, and iii) identify factors associated with plate waste. Methods The systematic review followed the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines, USDA's Nutrition Evidence Library (NEL) Bias Assessment, and USDA NEL Conclusion Statement Evaluation Criteria. Meta-analysis of selection and percentage of waste was performed in STATA-16. Thirty-two studies were included in the systematic review and thirty in meta-analysis. Results The estimated mean percentage of students that selected fruits and vegetables were 61% (95% CI: 50%-72%, n = 14), and 48% (95% CI: 37%-59%, n = 14), respectively. The percentage of students who selected fruits increased significantly after the implementation of the new standards. This increase was consistent across all the studies and ranged from 5% to 24%. Fruit waste was estimated to be 39.5% (95% CI: 33.8%−44.5%) and vegetables waste was 50.5% (95% CI: 42.5%−57.4%). No significant differences were found between pre- and post-implementation for fruit or vegetable waste. Child related factors, such as age, gender, and ethnicity/race, were not statistically significant to explain the aggregate waste across studies. Only few studies on plate waste explored the effect of preferences or attitudes, preparation methods, availability of competitive food, and time devoted to eating on F&V waste. However, no relationships could be established beyond the descriptions provided in the original studies. Conclusions The change in NSLP meal standards has had a positive effect in increasing the number of students selecting fruits. Further research is warranted to improve the overall F&V selection and reduce waste, especially for dark green vegetables, to maximize the nutritional impact of the NSLP. Funding Sources USDA/ARS; The Alliance for Potato Research and Education.

Background Adverse effects from young people’s alcohol consumption manifest in a range of physical and psychosocial factors, including neurological issues, cognitive impairment and risk-taking behaviours. The SIPS JR-HIGH pilot trial showed alcohol screening and brief intervention (ASBI) to be acceptable to young people and schools in the north-east of England. Objectives To conduct a two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ASBI for risky drinking in young people aged 14–15 years in the school setting, to monitor the fidelity of ASBI and to explore the barriers to, and facilitators of, implementation with staff, young people and parents. Design A baseline survey with a 12-month follow-up. Interviews with 30 school staff, 21 learning mentors and nine teachers, and 33 young people and two parents. Setting Thirty state schools in four areas of England: north-east, north-west, Kent and London. Participants Year 10 school pupils who consented to the study (aged 14–15 years, recruited between November 2015 and June 2016), school-based staff and parents of the young people who took part in the study. Interventions Young people who screened positively on a single alcohol screening question and consented were randomised to the intervention or control arm (blinded). The intervention was a 30-minute one-to-one structured brief intervention with a trained learning mentor and an alcohol leaflet. The control group received a healthy lifestyle leaflet (no alcohol information). Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was total alcohol consumed in the last 28 days. Secondary outcomes related to risky drinking, general psychological health, sexual risk-taking, energy drink consumption, age of first smoking, quality of life, quality-adjusted life-years, service utilisation and demographic information. Results A total of 4523 young people completed the baseline survey, with 1064 screening positively (24%) and 443 being eligible to take part in the trial. Of those 443, 233 (53%) were randomised to the control arm and 210 were randomised to the intervention arm. Of the 443, 374 (84%) were successfully followed up at 12 months (intervention, n = 178; control, n = 196). The results were that the intervention showed no evidence of benefit for any alcohol-related measure when compared with the control arm. At 12 months we found a reduction from 61.9% to 43.3% using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test cut-off point of 8 and cut-off point of 4 (69.0% to 60.7%). These results were not significant. A cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the average net cost saving of the brief intervention was £2865 (95% confidence interval –£11,272 to £2707) per year compared with usual practice, with the intervention showing a 76% probability of being cost saving compared with usual practice. The interview findings showed that school was an acceptable setting to carry out ASBI among staff and young people. Limitations Recruitment of parents to take part in interviews was poor. Only 18 ASBI sessions were recorded, making it difficult to assess internal validity. Conclusions Although the intervention was ineffective in reducing risky drinking in young people aged 14–15 years, it was well received by the young people and school staff who participated. Future work Uniform reporting of the outcomes used for ASBI would generate more robust conclusions on the effectiveness of ASBI in the future. Pilot feasibility studies should include more than one geographical area. Future work on involving parents is needed. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN45691494. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

The authors discuss the preservation of dissertations by national scientists in the libraries of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) research institutions. A share of theses defended in the Russian Empire before 1918 makes the part of the general collection. Since 1934, the scholarly manuscripts havebeen spinned off into a separate collection, since 1950, along with theses abstracts. The dissertations were transferred to the organizations where they were defended, therefore the collection comprises the works accomplished in different institutions. This could be the only location for the manuscripts of 1930–40s, as the Dissertation Collection of the Russian State Library was established after 1944. The authors argue that apart from their information value, the dissertations make the valuable source on the history of national science and society, demonstrate communications between academic organizations and continuity of scholar schools, and are of great memorial value. The mission of libraries is to preserve the scholar legacy of this country and to support accessibility of information on dissertations through e-catalogs and digitizing full texts of the Soviet-era theses.

A Review of: Quesenberry, A. C., Oelschlegel, S., Earl, M., Leonard, K., & Vaughn, C. J. (2016). The impact of library resources and services on the scholarly activity of medical faculty and residents. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 35(3), 259-265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2016.1189778 Abstract Objective – To assess the impact of academic medical library services and resources on information-seeking behaviours during the academic efforts of medical faculty and residents. Design – Value study derived from a 23-item survey. Setting – Public medical residency program and training hospital in Tennessee, USA. Subjects – 433 faculty and residents currently employed by or completing residency in an academic medical centre. Methods – Respondents completed a 23-question survey about their use of library resources and services in preparation for publishing, presenting, and teaching. The library services in the survey included literature searches completed by librarians and document delivery for preparation of publications, presentations, and lecture material. The survey also included questions about how resources were being accessed in preparation for scholarship. The survey sought information on whether respondents published articles or chapters or presented papers or posters in the previous three years. If respondents answered in the affirmative to one of the aforementioned methods of scholarship, they were provided with further questions about how they access library resources and whether they sought mediated literature search and document delivery services in preparation for their recent presentations and publications. The survey also included questions concerning what types of scholarly activity prompt faculty and residents to use online library resources. Main Results – The study was provided to 433 subjects, including 220 faculty and 213 residents, contacted through an email distribution list. The response rate to the survey was 15% (N=65). Residents comprised 35% of the respondents, and faculty at each of the three levels of tenure comprised 60%. The remaining 5% of respondents included PhD and non-clinical faculty within the graduate school. Over 50% of respondents reported use of library services in preparation for publishing and presenting. These library services were literature searches, document delivery, and accessing online resources. Faculty and residents reported use of PubMed first (71%) and most often, with 56% of respondents reporting weekly use, followed by Google or Google Scholar, with 20% of respondents reporting its use first and 23% of respondents reporting weekly use. However, regarding responses to the question concerning how journal articles are accessed, “using a search engine” was chosen most often, at almost 65%, followed by (in order) clicking library links in a database, contacting the library directly, searching the list of library e-journals, clicking publisher links in a database, using personal subscriptions, searching the library catalog, and using bookmarks saved in a web browser. Based on survey responses, faculty reported higher use of library services and resources than residents; however, residents reported higher use of library services and resources when preparing posters and papers for conferences and professional meetings. In addition, several comments spoke to the importance of the library for scholarly activity, many indicating the critical role of library assistance or resources in their academic accomplishments. Conclusion – This study provides evidence in support of library resources and services for medical faculty and residents, which contributes to discussions of the contributions of medical libraries. As hospital libraries close and academic medical libraries see reductions in budgets, this study contributes to the value of a library’s presence, as well as the role of the health sciences librarian in medical research and scholarly communication. This academic medical library was reported to be first and most often used, in comparison with other resources or none, in preparation for publication and presenting. The results of this and similar studies can contribute to the generalizability of its findings relating to the value of medical libraries. In addition, PubMed, UpToDate, and Google were the resources used most often by respondents, along with search engines and library links in databases. These findings can be incorporated into future outreach, marketing, and instructional curriculum for this library’s users. The survey results also provide additional support for the library’s role in the academic research lifecycle, and free-text comments about the critical role of library services furthered those findings. The authors state that further research is necessary for improving awareness of library resources and services in the role of scholarship at institutions.

Background Increasing physical activity among girls is a public health priority. Peers play a central role in influencing adolescent behaviour. Peer-led interventions may increase physical activity in adolescent girls, and a feasibility trial had shown that PLAN-A (Peer-led physical Activity iNtervention for Adolescent girls) had evidence of promise to increase physical activity in adolescent girls. Objective The objective was to test whether or not PLAN-A can increase adolescent girls’ physical activity, relative to usual practice, and be cost-effective. Design This was a two-arm, cluster-randomised controlled trial, including an economic evaluation and a process evaluation. Participants State-funded secondary schools in the UK with girls in Year 9 (aged 13–14 years) participated in the trial. All Year 9 girls in participating schools were eligible. Randomisation Schools were the unit of allocation. They were randomised by an independent statistician, who was blinded to school identities, to the control or intervention arm, stratified by region and the England Index of Multiple Deprivation score. Intervention The intervention comprised peer nomination (i.e. identification of influential girls), train the trainers (i.e. training the instructors who delivered the intervention), peer supporter training (i.e. training the peer-nominated girls in techniques and strategies underpinned by motivational theory to support peer physical activity increases) and a 10-week diffusion period. Outcomes The primary outcome was accelerometer-assessed mean weekday minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity among Year 9 girls. The follow-up measures were conducted 5–6 months after the 10-week intervention, when the girls were in Year 10 (which was also 12 months after the baseline measures). Analysis used a multivariable, mixed-effects, linear regression model on an intention-to-treat basis. Secondary outcomes included weekend moderate to vigorous physical activity, and weekday and weekend sedentary time. Intervention delivery costs were calculated for the economic evaluation. Results A total of 33 schools were approached; 20 schools and 1558 pupils consented. Pupils in the intervention arm had higher Index of Multiple Deprivation scores than pupils in the control arm. The numbers randomised were as follows: 10 schools (n = 758 pupils) were randomised to the intervention arm and 10 schools (n = 800 pupils) were randomised to the control arm. For analysis, a total of 1219 pupils provided valid weekday accelerometer data at both time points (intervention, n = 602; control, n = 617). The mean weekday moderate to vigorous physical activity was similar between groups at follow-up. The central estimate of time spent engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity was 2.84 minutes lower in the intervention arm than in the control arm, after adjustment for baseline mean weekday moderate to vigorous physical activity, the number of valid days of data and the stratification variables; however, this difference was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval –5.94 to 0.25; p = 0.071). There were no between-arm differences in the secondary outcomes. The intervention costs ranged from £20.85 to £48.86 per pupil, with an average cost of £31.16. Harms None. Limitations The trial was limited to south-west England. Conclusions There was no evidence that PLAN-A increased physical activity in Year 9 girls compared with usual practice and, consequently, it was not cost-effective. Future work Future work should evaluate the utility of whole-school approaches to promote physical activity in schools. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN14539759. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 10, No. 6. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. This trial was designed and delivered in collaboration with the Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (BRTC), a United Kingdom Clinical Research Commission (UKCRC)-registered Clinical Trials Unit that, as part of the Bristol Trials Centre, is in receipt of NIHR Clinical Trials Unit support funding. The sponsor of this trial was University of Bristol, Research and Enterprise Development www.bristol.ac.uk/red/. The costs of delivering the intervention were funded by Sport England.

An art historian and an expert in architectural objects restoration N. P. Kondakov emigrated to Czechoslovakia where a circle of emigrant historians shaped around him. This scholarly society developing from the Byzantologist N. P. Kondakov’s home circle in Prague was titled in Byzantine way, Seminarium Kondakovianum. After his death in February 1925, this small-in-number academic community with support from the Czechoslovak government developed into a foreign school of Byzantologists and Russian historians. Thus, there appeared a Russian institution with international statute in Prague. The study of intertwined western and eastern influences in Russian history became a typical motif of Russian scholarly thought in emigration. In this connection, the Crimea became an interesting object for the researches and historical generalizations by the Seminaium members. The paper introduces into the scholarship the materials from the archive of the Seminarium Kondakovianum (Kondakov Institute) now residing in the Archives of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The analysis attracts the documents from N. P. Kondakov’s personal collection at the Literary Archives of Written National Monuments of the Slavonic Library in Prague. There are interesting unpublished manuscripts by the Seminarium members discovered by the author. There were three circles of Crimean researchers determined at the Seminarium’s works: historians living in Prague who studied the mediaeval history of the Crimea and the history of research (N. M. Beliaev, G. V. Vernadsky, A. P. Kalitinskii, D. А. Rasovskii, N. P. Toll’); a group of historians from the USSR attracted by G. V. Vernadsky to send their papers for discussion (D. V. Ainalov, S. А. Zhebelev, N. V. Izmailova, A. I. Markevich, and others); Russian emigrant historians living in other countries (M. I. Rostovtsev, alter on G. V. Vernadsky). G. V. Vernadsky was the chief organizer and the academic curator of the Seminarium. G. V. Vernadsky’s skillful practice on attraction to the Seminarium of leading Soviet experts in the Crimean studies allowed the annual to publish their works thus enlarging the sphere of the historians’ scholarly communications. The contacts (correspondence) with the Taurida Society for History, Archaeology, and Ethnography (Simferopol) and the State Museum of Chersonese (Sevastopol) were established. Hysteria made by the Soviet secret service and Communist party leaders around the “case of S. A. Zhebelev,” directly connected with the cooperation of Soviet and emigrant historians, resulted in the cease of the said contacts and book exchange. In 1931, the Seminarium was reshaped into N. P. Kondakov Institute with the change of the participants and the disappearance of the Crimea aspect from the agenda for sessions.

Objective – To determine whether library and information science (LIS) doctoral research at North American institutions has, over the last eighty or so years, displayed a clear trend toward addressing topics other than those associated with librarianship and traditional library functions; and whether one can discern, in this regard, any significant differences among those institutions. Design – Conceptual content analysis of dissertation titles and abstracts. Setting – North American universities with American Library Association accredited LIS programs in the period 1930 through 2009. Subjects – The titles and, to the extent available, the abstracts of 3,230 LIS doctoral dissertations completed at these institutions during this period. Methods – Having opted for a directed, single-category type content analysis, the researchers began by pre-establishing a group of terms which they assumed could “represent the core curriculum of the master’s in library science”: terms which they surmised would therefore be able to function, where they appeared in “the records of doctoral output”, as good indicators that that output itself can rightly be judged to have had “an explicit focus on libraries/librarianship” (pp. 36, 44). The terms selected were: “librar*”, “catalog*”, “circulat*”, “collection develop*”, “collection manag*”, “school media”, and “reference” (where “*” indicates truncation, and that any term beginning with the respective letter string was acceptable). The researchers then simply tallied for each of the 3,230 dissertations under investigation how many times one or more of the pre-chosen terms occurred in its title and in its abstract, not recording which term or terms that occurred. (They do not make entirely clear to what extent data collection was computerized.) They subsequently analyzed the data longitudinally and by institution, with only one, nominal and dichotomous, variable for the title as well as for the abstract: whether or not any of the pre-chosen terms occurred at least once. Multiple occurrences, whether of the same term or of varying terms, played no role. Their analysis for the entire period of 1930 through 2009 was based on title data only, and did not take doctorate-granting institution into account. The separate analysis (N=2,305) for the period 1980 through 2009 excluded the thirty cases in which one or more of the terms occurred in the title but none of them occurred in the abstract. Main Results – One occurrence of any of the specified terms in the title was, for the overall period of 1930-2009, enough for any given dissertation to be qualified as having an explicit focus on libraries/librarianship. The percentage of such dissertations remained fairly stable from the 1930s through the 1980s, at between 56% and 62%, with the exception of an unexplained dip for the 1950s to 44.1%. Then, for the 1990s, the researchers discovered a fall-off from 57.9% to 36.0%, and in the following decade a further decrease, down to a level of 21.5%. During the separately-analyzed period 1980-2009, the percentage of dissertations with at least one of the specified terms in the title as well as in the abstract diminished steadily from well over half (58.4%) for 1980-1984 to less than 1 in 5 (19.8%) for 2005-2009. A chi-square test revealed that the relationship between year of dissertation and term occurrence is statistically significant. By far the greatest decrease, of 15 percentage points, was that between the first half and the second half of the 1990s. Interestingly, during the whole thirty-year period, the percentage where a term appeared not in the title but only in the abstract remained fairly constant, at around 20%, give or take about 2.5 percentage points. Yet when one looks at how many of the dissertations displayed none of the terms in the title and none in the abstract, one sees a continuous increase starting at 20.7% for 1980-1984 all the way up to 61.0% for 2005-2009, with the sharpest climb, of more than 17 percentage points, occurring around the mid-1990s. The distinction between the year 1980 and the year 2009 is even greater: from just over 1 in 7 (14.7%) to more than 3 out of 5 (62.2%). The analysis by institution revealed a statistically significant relationship for the period 1980-2009 between institution at which the dissertation was written and the occurrence of any of the terms at least once in both title and abstract. Certain institutions (most notably SUNY-Albany, Syracuse, Missouri, Hawaii, Montréal, and Long Island) showed a much higher than average overall level of no occurrence, and some (Michigan in particular, but also, for example, Florida State and the University of North Carolina) displayed a remarkably consistent decline in occurrence. Conclusion – The researchers conclude that their study, insofar as North America is concerned, “has provided empirical evidence for . . . the lessening focus in LIS dissertations on topics commonly associated with librarianship” and that it “supports the assertion that this focus varies significantly between schools—with some schools demonstrating a more explicit connection to library-related topics than other schools” (p. 43). They are unsure how best to interpret these findings or how they could be applied, but they do offer certain suggestions for possible interpretations and pose a few questions regarding what those interpretations might imply (p. 44). One could, they suggest, argue that the terms employed in the study “are themselves antiquated, and dissertations are charting new territory, pushing the boundaries of both research and practice.” Another possibility is that “while the dissertations may not be immediately applied work, the work could be utilized for application.” On the other hand, it may simply be the case that the selected terms indeed remain trustworthy indicators, and that doctoral candidates “are no longer studying topics that are relevant to the practical field” of librarianship. One could perhaps even justifiably assert that LIS is in effect no longer a single unified discipline but, rather, has split into a library field and an information field, whereby the latter has been steadily gaining the upper hand in LIS programs, albeit less so at some institutions than at others. In pondering the above alternatives for interpretation of this study’s results, the library practitioner will probably also be inclined to reflect, the authors suggest, on the prospects for adequate academic research support of actual library practice, while keeping in mind, furthermore, that the formal education of future practitioners will largely remain in the hands of those trained as LIS doctoral students. To what extent will these educators feel an affinity with, and possess an understanding of, the world of practical librarianship?

The Museum is located in the heart of the main building of KFU. This room has changed its purpose many times: after the October revolution it was used as a gym, in wartime it was a hostel for evacuated employees of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, later it served as a reading room of the Scientific library. Lobachevsky. The opening of the Museum was dedicated to the 175th anniversary of Kazan state University in 1979. The Museum is dedicated to the two-century history of the emergence, formation and development of Kazan University – from Imperial to Federal. The main section of the exhibition tells about scientific schools, outstanding researchers and discoveries that brought the Kazan University and its scientists worldwide fame. Much attention is paid to the famous students and graduates of the University: statesmen, scientists, culture, literature and art, sports. Among them, S. T. Aksakov, N. And. Lobachevsky, I. M. Simonov, A. M. Butlerov, L. N. Tolstoy, V. I. Ulyanov-Lenin, E. K. Zavoisky, A. E. Arbuzov, and others. The exhibition shows the role of advanced scientists and democratically minded Kazan students in the social and political life of Russia XIX-early XX centuries.in each section of the exhibition you can see the relics of the past and the present, which witnessed many events in the history of the University and the country. In addition to the main exhibition, the Museum includes a memorial complex: the Imperial hall and lecture hall of the faculty of law with the interior of the late XIX – early XX centuries, where as a students listened to lectures L. Tolstoy, V. Ulyanov and others.The report is devoted to the areas of cooperation between the Museum of History of Kazan University and the KFU Nikolay Lobachevsky Scientific Library in 2017-2019 years such as exhibition, cultural and educational activities to preserve and promote the university’s heritage.

Preparation of a training manual “A reader’s problem in Tomsk and Tomsk province at the end of XIX - beginning of XX century” by a group of Tomsk researchers is seen as not only relevant and natural but also as a long-awaited phenomenon in the sphere of modern liberal education. Book culture and reading practices in the context of a certain epoch represent interest to specialists not only from theoretical but also from practical and metodological point of view. The purpose of the manual stated by the authors is to “identify the main trends regarding building reading practices at the end of XIX - beginning of XX centuries and determine their value in book culture at the turn of the century” is being implemened based on the unique archival materials from the collections of the Tomsk State University Scientific Library, the Tomsk Local Lore Museum, the Tomsk Regional Archive. Diversity, richness and originality of the factual material coupled with research sensivity and thoroughness make it possible to trace the dynamics of reading practices becoming and developing in Tomsk and Tomsk province and to evaluate their impact on both regional literary process and social and spiritual changes taking place in society as a whole. Study of a reader in the context of the famous N. A. Rubakin’ triad “society - author -work” enables to understand the complex interaction mechanism of literary process, publishing strategies and reading practices existing in inextricable link and in many aspects defining the life of society in its spiritual dimension. The training manual aimed at youth audiences is written in clear language, filled with vivid images of people - readers and book lovers as well as with archaeographic factors introduced by the authors in scientific circulation. Publication has a clear-cut structure set by the logic of promoting a book - from the centre of a province to a rural reader, from the state publishing policy to the forms of readers’ amateur activities. For the convenience of readers, sections are prefaced with annotation, include questions and tasks for self-study as well as the list of additional literature on the topic of study. Such an approach updates research issues, introduces them in the context of vital pedagogical objectives and designates prospects of developing a conscious and qualified reader. And this is the central task, which - in our opinion - the authors of the training manual are well aware of. We believe that this noble task has been perfectly implemented in the book: uniqueness and diversity of the material, depth of its comprehenson, methodical thoroughness make the presented work a modern and timely educational publication and reveal rich traditions in preservation and continuation of high literary culture. That is precisely why the training manual is useful not only for publishers and philologists but also for future specialists with the broad range of expertise who together with professional knowledge in the high school acquire skills of meaningful and productive work with a book.

Objective – To examine the human resources environment in Canadian libraries in order to assess readiness to accommodate change and to identify opportunities for human resources planning. The “8Rs” of the study were defined as recruitment, retirement, retention, remuneration, repatriation, rejuvenation, re-accreditation, and restructuring. Design – This study was undertaken in three phases over nearly three years through the use a variety of methods including literature review, analyses of existing data (Statistics Canada and library school graduate data), telephone interviews (with senior library administrators), focus groups (with representatives from Canadian Association of Research Libraries, Canadian Urban Libraries Council and Alberta Association of Library Technicians), print surveys (library institutions) and web-based surveys (of professional librarians and paraprofessional library staff). Setting – Canadian libraries that are not component branches of a system, and that employ professional librarians. Subjects – Stage I: 17 senior library administrators participated in telephone interviews and three focus groups were conducted. Stage II: Surveyed library administrators representing institutions. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure geographical representation from each of Canada’s provinces and territories. Full census participation was conducted for members of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries and the Canadian Urban Libraries Council. The print survey instrument was distributed to 1,357 subjects; 461 completed surveys were returned (response rate of 34% with results for the total sample accurate within plus or minus 3.8 per centage points, 95 times out of 100). Stage III: Surveyed professional librarians and paraprofessional staff. Multi-stage random sampling was used to ensure representation of library staff from all library sectors and sufficient sub-sample sizes. Of the 12,472 individuals in the sampling frame, 8,626 were notified of their selection to participate in the web-based survey. Corrections were made to e-mail addresses and 7,569 e-mail invitations with the survey URL were sent successfully. Of the 8,626 potential respondents, 3,148 librarians and paraprofessionals participated (for a response rate of 37%). A non-random Canada-wide call for participation was distributed to library staff who had not been represented in the sampling frame via the listservs of 56 library associations. This provided an additional 1,545 respondents and the total sample size increased to 4,693 for a confidence interval of plus or minus 1.2%, 95 times out of 100. The non-random data from the Canada-wide call was kept in a separate dataset file. Methods – Stage I began with a literature review and analysis of existing Statistics Canada and library school graduate data. Three focus group sessions with representatives from Canadian Association of Research Libraries, Canadian Urban Libraries Council and Alberta Association of Library Technicians were held and in-depth telephone interviews were conducted in May 2003 with 17 senior library administrators. Transcripts were thematically coded and summarised. The interview guide is available as Appendix E of the report. The results of Stage I were used to inform the design of the two survey instruments (Stages II and III). Stage II was a 17-page print survey informed by insights gathered in Stage I and was sent to library directors in the summer of 2003. The print mail-out of the institutional survey was sent to libraries that employed at least one librarian and were not a component branch of another system. A copy of the institutional survey is available as Appendix C of the report. Stage III was a web-based survey of librarians and paraprofessional library staff undertaken in the summer of 2004 using random and non-random sampling methods. This survey was developed from insights gathered in Stages I and II. A copy of the individual survey is available as Appendix D of the report. Main results – The analytical focus of the 275-page report is on the broad Canadian library sector. Data and analysis are provided by type of library, type of staff, and by geographical regions where sufficient response rates have allowed reporting. Although the role of the paraprofessional is examined in many sections of the report, the principal focus is on the professional librarian. Nine sections of the report present results, analysis and strategic human resource planning implications. Highlights for the broad Canadian library environment are briefly described below. Each section of the report provides further breakdown by library sector, type of position, career stage and other variables that provide significant insight. Workplace Demographic Characteristics (Section C) This section provides demographic information about those in supervisory or management roles (62% of librarians), union density (67% of librarians and 79% of paraprofessional staff), longevity in career, part-time employment, and gender, along with other characteristics. Results conclude that visible minorities and Aboriginal staff are under-represented across all types of libraries and that few libraries recognise the credentials of immigrant librarians. Recruitment to the Profession and to the Organization (Section D) Positive exposure to libraries and librarians is the best predictor of librarianship as a career choice and there were no significant differences in the original motivations for choosing the professional librarian career between new professionals and senior librarians. In response to the open-ended question about motivation for choosing librarianship, none of the librarian respondents (n=1,823) indicated leadership, managing libraries or supervising others as their reason (p. 52). Many respondents indicated reasons for choosing the profession that are in alignment with the values of librarianship, but few indicated reasons that reflect the real nature of the librarians’ role. The average age of new librarian recruits is 37 (with little variation between sectors). Thirty per cent of paraprofessionals are interested in pursuing an MLIS degree; 29 per cent are not interested because they are satisfied with their current role. The major barriers for paraprofessionals wishing to pursue the MLIS degree are inadequate or unrecognised credentials (21% - although 45% of paraprofessionals have an undergraduate degree), geographic distance (33%), lack of money (48%), and lack of time (49%). Eighty per cent of libraries report that the major barrier to recruiting is budget constraints; other barriers include small size of library (60%), organizational hiring freeze (54%), inadequate librarian pay (54%), geographic location (52%), inadequate pool of qualified candidates (51%), and inadequate pool of interested candidates (50%). The ten most important and difficult-to-fill competencies when recruiting varied significantly for each sector: leadership potential, ability to respond flexibly to change, and ability to handle high-volume workload were the three highest-ranked competencies across all libraries. Retirement (Section E) Canadian libraries experienced librarian retirements (11% of total current workforce) and paraprofessional retirements (7% of total current workforce) between 1997 and 2002. During this period, 79 per cent of librarians retired before age 65. Forty per cent of librarians over age 50 estimate that they will retire between 55 and 60. Only 9 per cent of libraries have a succession plan. Staff Retention: Inter- and Intra-organizational Mobility (Section F) Librarians are satisfied with their work and stay in their organization because they like the job (85%), co-workers (84%), and workplace (79%). Seventy-seven per cent of senior librarians and 87% of senior paraprofessionals have been at their current library for more than 10 years. Sixty-nine per cent of librarians believe they are qualified to move to higher level positions, but 69% of institutions state that limited librarian turnover contributes to a lack of promotional opportunities. Education (Section G) Seventy-five per cent library administrators agree that MLIS programs equip graduates with needed competencies, but 58% recommended that the programs provide more management, business and leadership training. Seventy-six per cent of administrators believe that they have little or no input into curriculum content of MLIS programs. Overall evaluation of MLIS education by recent librarian entrants is not positive. Only forty-four per cent indicated that the program provided a realistic depiction of the job, while only 36% said the program provided a realistic expectation of work in their library sector. Recent librarian entrants (67%) were satisfied with the overall quality of their MLIS program, but few indicated that their program provided them with the necessary management skills (25%), leadership skills (20%), or business skills (12%) for their position. Recent library technician entrants were more satisfied (81%) with their programs’ success in providing general skills (87%), and providing a realistic depiction of the job (72%). Continuing Education (Section H) New librarians (72%) need a significant amount of ongoing training, but only 56% believe that their institution provides sufficient training opportunities. Only 30% of libraries have a routine method for determining training needs of librarians and fewer (13 %) have an evaluation method for training outcomes. In most cases, about half of those who received training reported that it improved their job performance. Quality of Work and Job Satisfaction (Section I) Librarians and paraprofessionals are satisfied with their jobs (79% for each) and librarians (72%) and paraprofessionals (61%) agree that their salary is fair. Most libraries offer a wide range of benefits to their employees, including life insurance (95%), pension plan (92%), and medical benefits (88%). Librarians (80%) and paraprofessionals (70%) are satisfied with their benefits. Although a low percentage of librarians agreed that they have little job stress (24%) and only 39% found their workload to be manageable, 62% of librarians agree that their work allows work, family and personal life balance. The statistics are slightly more positive for paraprofessionals. There is a gap between the desire to be treated with respect (98% for all workers) and the perception that respect is conveyed (77% of librarians and 75% of paraprofessionals). A similar gap exists between desire to be involved in decision-making and actual involvement. The two most important factors for job satisfaction for all library workers are respectful treatment and a job that allows them to learn new skills and grow. Numerical Librarian Demand-Supply Match (Section J) Libraries hired more librarians than they lost in 2002, for a net three per cent increase. Many library administrators believe that there will be a five-year increased demand for librarians (77%) and paraprofessionals (81%). The short-term supply (next 5 years) of new librarians to replace departures due to retirements is predicted to have the capacity to fill 98 per cent of the current librarian positions; the capacity to replace library technicians is 99 per cent. The long-term supply (next 10 years) of new librarians to replace departures due to retirements is predicted to have the capacity to fill 89 per cent of the current librarian positions; the capacity to fill technician positions is identical. These predictions are based on no growth in the number of positions in the future. Match Between Organizational Job Function Demand and Individual Staff Supply of Skills, Abilities, Talents, Interests (Section K) Libraries report that increased use of information technologies (87%) and re-engineering (61%) have contributed the greatest change in the roles of librarians. Libraries report that more librarians have been required to perform a wider variety of tasks in the past five years (93%) and that this trend will continue over the coming five years (94%). A high percentage of libraries (86%) reported that over the past five years librarians have been expected to perform more management functions and 56% of mid-career and senior librarians believed this had occurred. Libraries (88%) believe that this trend will continue; only 44% of librarians indicate interest in performing management functions. Mid-career and senior librarians report that job stress has increased over five years ago. Requirements to work harder (55%), perform more difficult tasks (56%), perform a wider variety of tasks (69%), and perform more managerial functions (56%) are the contributing factors. The performance of a wider variety of tasks and more difficult tasks was significantly related to the assessment by librarians that their jobs were more enjoyable, interesting, rewarding and challenging. Institutions (78%) reported the increased need for paraprofessionals to perform librarian tasks over the past five years and believe that this will continue (77%). Only 28% of paraprofessionals believe they are currently required to perform more librarian tasks. Conclusion – The need to confirm the existence and magnitude of the crisis that will be created by upcoming retirements in Canadian libraries was a primary motivator for this study. Conclusive results were obtained that should inform each sector and geographic area in Canada. The percentages of staff over the age of 55 (librarians: 25%; paraprofessionals: 21%) is much greater than that of the Canadian workforce (11%). If there is no growth in the number of positions needed, there will be no short-term supply-demand crisis to fill the gaps left by retirements. There will be a librarian and technician shortage in ten years (a shortfall of 11% of the current supply) and a more significant crisis if the predicted growth in staffing is factored in. Recruitment to the librarian and technician professions is critical and the paraprofessional staff may be a potential pool of future MLIS candidates if the accessibility issues associated with the programs are addressed. Only nine per cent of organizations have a succession plan in place. There is great opportunity for the development of strategic solutions. In response to the open-ended question about motivation for choosing librarianship, no respondent indicated leadership, managing libraries or supervising others as their reason. This is of concern when 62% of librarians today work in a managerial role. Management and leadership skills are a significant concern for recent graduates, administrators, and librarians, with all indicating that the workplace needs are greater than the current preparedness. More cooperation with MLIS programs and professional associations is essential to ensure that leadership and management skill development are supported through the curricula and continuing education planning. Organizations must also develop and support a culture where leadership is encouraged and expected, and recognised. There is a need for further development of continuing education opportunities, and training needs assessment and outcome assessment programs may be beneficial. Paraprofessionals and new librarians are less satisfied with the workplace training opportunities available to them than librarians in later stages of their careers. Role change will continue in libraries and planning will be essential to ensure that restructuring reflects the competencies that will be needed in the new mix. Workload and job stress appear to be rising and will require careful monitoring. There may be opportunity to define roles for “other” professionals in libraries. Library staff have a tendency to stay in their institution for much of their career, making decisions in the recruitment and hiring processes of critical importance. Loss of employees due to turnover is not a problem for most libraries, but the lack of turnover has affected the promotional opportunities for those who desire upward mobility. An interesting recommendation was made that two or more libraries may realise both cost savings and benefits through the sharing of staffing resources. If issues surrounding credentials can be addressed, there may be a potential pool of future immigrant librarians.

Environmental education exists as a solution to improving the intelligence of early childhood naturalists, but its implementation is often forgotten or only as a hidden curriculum. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to the implementation of environmental education for early childhood to improve the intelligence of early childhood naturalists. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method presented in the form of an in-depth literature review. Literature study efforts are carried out by reading, observing, recognizing, and describing to analyze reading material in the form of related literature as a reference source. The result of this study is that the use of instructional strategies for gardening activities and creative game-based environmental learning can be considered to improve the intelligence of early childhood naturalists. In addition, it was also found that the material often used by educators to improve naturalist intelligence is the introduction of animals and plants. The trend of measuring the intelligence of early childhood naturalists uses many observation sheets, but it is also recommended to use research instruments that have been standardized or published in reputable scientific articles to obtain valid and reliable data. Keywords: environmental education, early childhood, naturalist intelligence References: Adawiyah, A. S. R., &; Dewinggih, T. (2021). Environmental Education in Early Childhood through the provision of trash cans and simulation methods. Proceedings UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, 1(November), 12–23. https://proceedings.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/Proceedings Adawiyah, R., Rohyana, F., &; Ashari, M. A. (2019). Development of Naturalist Intelligence through Science-based Project Methods at TK Titipan ilahii rencoong Kelayu Jorong. CARE Journal, 7(1), 1–6. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229499766.pdf Agustiana, M. (2021). Efforts to Improve Early Childhood Naturalistic Intelligence of 5-6 Years through Farming Activities at Tk PGRI Bandar Lampung [Raden Intan State Islamic University Lampung]. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/15122/ Amini, R., &; Munandar, A. (2014). The influence of the outdoor-based environmental education learning model on mastery of the concept of environmental education for prospective elementary school teachers. Journal of Educational Research, 11(1), 14–21. http://www.jurnal.upi.edu/file/3_risda.pdf Anggraini, D. (2017). Improve the naturalist intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through plant exploration. Yaa Bunayya: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 1(2), 137–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24853/yby.1.2.137-146 Aprilianti, R., &; Septiani, S. (2021). Improve the naturalist intelligence of children aged 5-6 years through a scientific approach. Golden Age Journal, Hamzanwadi University, 5(02), 393–407. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29408/jga.v5i02.3962 Ardoin, N. M., &; Bowers, A. W. (2020). Early childhood environmental education: A systematic review of the research literature. Educational Research Review, 31(November 2019), 100353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100353 Asih, S., &; Susanto, A. (2017). Increasing naturalist intelligence in children aged 5-6 years through learning models in natural material centers. Yaa Bunayya : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 1(1), 33–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24853/yby.1.1.33-38 Chandrawati, T. (2021). ECCE teachers' understanding of environmental literacy is related to environmental education. Proceedings of Covid 19 Era Integrative Holistic Early Childhood Development, September, 125–130. https://ejurnal.pps.ung.ac.id/index.php/paudhi/article/view/897 Cinantya, C., &; Maimunah. (2022). 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Empowering Society Journal, 4(2), 125–139. https://ojs.fdk.ac.id/index.php/ESJ/article/view/2597/pdf Firdausyi, A. N., Noormawanti, N., &; Marlisa, L. (2022). Implementation of naturalist intelligence in children in the learning theme "I Love Indonesia." SNPPM-4 (National Seminar on Research and Community Service) in 2022 Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, 4, 69–75. https://prosiding.ummetro.ac.id/index.php/snppm/article/view/62%0Ahttps://prosiding.ummetro.ac.id/index.php/snppm/article/download/62/61 Fuaida, R., Sari, I. K., &; Fitriani, F. (2023). Increase naturalist intelligence through science games in group B children of Al-Ikhlas Lamlhom kindergartenIncreasing naturalist intelligence through science games in group B children of Al-Ikhlas Lamlhom Kindergarten. Student Scientific Journal, 4(1), 1–14. https://jim.bbg.ac.id/pendidikan/article/view/935 Gumitri, A., &; Suryana, D. (2022). Stimulation of Naturalist Intelligence of Children Aged 5-6 Years through Life Science Activities. Journal of Obsession : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 6(4), 3391–3398. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.2334 Hadjichambis, A. C., &; Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, D. (2020). Education for Environmental Citizenship: The Pedagogical Approach. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20249-1_15 Hasanah, N., Harmawati, D., Riyana, M., &; Usman, A. N. (2019). Improve naturalist intelligence of early childhood through gardening activities in group children a Merauke State Pembina Kindergarten. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 343(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012186 Hendriani, I., Adjie, N., &; Putri, S. U. (2023). Application of learning with an environmental approach to improve the intelligence of early childhood naturalists. Proceedings of PGPAUD UPI National Seminar Purwakarta Campus,2(1), 112–117. http://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/semnaspgpaudpwk/article/view/2549%0Ahttp://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/semnaspgpaudpwk/article/download/2549/2337 Hidayah, V. N., &; Baedowi, F. S. (2020). The role of PLH (Environmental Education) SMAN 3 Klaten New Normal Era: Planting from school to home. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 21(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/PLPB.212.01 Indrayani, D. P. (2021). Developing Children's Naturalistic Intelligence through Gardening Activities at Sukarame Group B Lotus Kindergarten Bandar Lampung for the 2020/2021 Academic Year [Raden Intan State Islamic University Lampung]. http://repository.radenintan.ac.id/15351/ Ismail, A. (2018). Development of Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence Instruments in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Journal of Educational Evaluation, 9(1), 16–29. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.21009/JEP.091.03 Ismail, M. J. (2021). Character education cares for the environment and maintains cleanliness in schools. The Old Teacher : Journal of Education and Learning, 4(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.31970/gurutua.v4i1.67 Jufri, J., La Fua, J., &; Nurlila, R. U. (2019). Environmental Education at Public Elementary School 1 Baruga Kendari City. . . Al-TA'DIB: Journal of Educational Studies, 11(2), 164–181. https://ejournal.iainkendari.ac.id/index.php/al-tadib/article/view/1133 Juniarti, Y. (2015). Increasing naturalist intelligence through field trip methods. Early Childhood Education, 9(2), 272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.092.05 Khan, R. I. (2022). Stimulation of early childhood naturalist (nature-smart) intelligence with an exploration approach to the natural environment. Proceedings of OPPSI National Seminar 2022, 62–69. https://publishing.oppsi.or.id/index.php/SN/article/view/9 Latifah, C. N., &; Prasetyo, I. (2019). Effectiveness of Educational Game for the Intelligence of Early Childhood Naturalist. 296(Icsie 2018), 310–314. https://doi.org/10.2991/icsie-18.2019.56 Marlyana, A. V. (2023). Field trip method (field trip) group B at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training in June 2023. Kiai Haji State Islamic UniversityACHMAD sIDDIQ. Martuti, N. K. T., Rahayuningsih, M., Zaka, M. N. H. F., & Arifin, M. S. (2022). ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN IN MOUNTAIN FOREST BUFFER VILLAGE (Case Study: Ngesrepbalong Village, Limbangan District, Kendal Regency). Proceedings of Science XII National Seminar "PISA Through Future Science for an Environmentally Friendly Generation," 30–39. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/index.php/snipa/article/view/1334 Milin, S., Fadillah, F., &; Halida, H. (2014). Increased Intelligence of Naturalists Aged 5-6 Years in Pembina State Kindergarten. Journal of Equatorial Education and Learning, 3(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v3i8.6067 Mulyatno, C. B. (2022). Environmental Education from an Early Age in the Perspective of Y.B Mangunwijaya's Liberation Theology. Journal of Obsession : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 6(5), 4099–4110. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.2570 Nurdiansyah, E., &; Komalasari, K. (2023). Forming Ecological Citizenship through Community Activity-based Environmental Education. Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 24(01), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/PLPB.212.01 Nurwati, R. (2020). Increasing naturalist intelligence through planting vegetable seeds for children aged 5-6 years at Permata Genting Boyolali Kindergarten. Semarang State University. Ultimate, C. B. (2015). Efforts to Improve Naturalist Intelligence through Traditional Market Games [Yogyakarta State University]. https://eprints.uny.ac.id/26707/1/SKRIPSI CHOIRUNNISA%27 BUDI PAMUNGKAS.pdf Pelima, J. N. (2014). Environmental Education with Outbound Method for Early Childhood: Literature Review. Journal of Academia, 1(2), 19–32. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/ekzd3 Prezylia, Z., Sasongko, R. N., &; Ardina, M. (2021). Teachers' efforts in improving naturalist intelligence in PAUD IT Nur' A thifah Pasar Manna, South Bengkulu Regency. ECCE PEN Journal, 2(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i1.14843 Primahesa, A., Sajidan, S., & Ramli, M. (2023). Improving higher order thinking skills in high school biology: A systematic review. Biosphere: Journal of Biological Education, 16(1), 206–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.26724 Priyatna, A., Meilinawati, L., &; Subekti, M. (2017). Introduction of environmentally friendly lifestyles for mothers and children at Paud Siti Fatimah, Cirebon City. Journal of Community Service, 1(6), 348–351. http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/pkm/article/view/16427 Rahmatunnisa, S. &, &; Halimah, S. (2018). Efforts to improve the naturalist intelligence of children aged 4-5 years through playing sand. Yaa Bunayya : Journal of Early Childhood Education, 2(1), 67–82. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24853/yby.2.1.67-82 Rahmawati, L. E. (2018). Efforts to Improve the Naturalist Intelligence of Children Aged 4-5 Years Through the Application of Outdoor Learning at PAUD Aisyiyah Kasih Ibu Dukun District, Magelang Regency [Semarang State University]. https://lib.unnes.ac.id/32410/ Rocmah, L. I. (2016). Increasing Naturalist Intelligence Through Messy Play for Children Aged 5-6 Years. Pedagogy : Journal of Education, 5(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.21070/pedagogia.v5i1.88 Rossa, V. O. (2014). Optimization of Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence through Science Learning with Horta Puppet Media [University of Bengkulu]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/35338424.pdf Safira, A. R., &; Wati, I. (2020). The importance of environmental education from an early age. JIEEC (Journal of Islamic Education for Early Childhood), 1(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.30587/jieec.v1i1.1592 Sari, A. P., Febrini, D., &; Wiwinda, W. (2023). Implementation of Outdoor Learning in Developing Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence. Journal of Elementary School (JOES), 6(1), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.31539/joes.v6i1.6743 Saripudin, A. (2017). Naturalist intelligence development strategies in early childhood. AWLADY : Journal of Child Education, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.24235/awlady.v3i1.1394 Suhartini, Y., &; Laela, A. (2018). Improving Early Childhood Natural Intelligence through Animal Recognition at TK Pelita Kota Bandung. 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(2021). Development of Naturalist Intelligence in Early Childhood through the Project Approach [Ar-Raniry State Islamic University]. https://repository.ar-raniry.ac.id/id/eprint/27604/ Widhiani, P., &; Imam, M. (2018). ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE EDUCATION GAME (CASE STUDY IN TK TARBIYATUL MUTAALIMIN CANGKO VILLAGE). INTI TALAFA : Journal of Informatics Engineering, 10(02), 11–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32534/int.v10i2.1607 Widiawati, M. (2022). Analysis of the Application of Environmental Education in Elementary Schools. Radiant, 6(1), 181–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52802/pancar.v6i1.333 Wijaya, I. K. W. B., & Dewi, P. A. S. (2021). Development of Early Childhood Naturalist Intelligence through the Unesco Environmental Education Model. Ideas: Educational, Social, and Cultural Journals, 7(3), 97. https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v7i3.449 Winangun, I. M. A. (2020). Introduction to Life Science for Early Childhood through flashcard media with local content. 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School dropout is considered a complex and multifactorial phenomenon thus, public policies are needed to address the particularities of this complex scenario. This article elaborates an analysis anchored in bibliographic documental sources that deal with a little explored problem about school dropout in the integrated high school of the Federal Institutes of Education (IFs), from the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and Scientific Electronic Library Online, between the period 2011 and 2021. The methodology used was based on bibliographic research called state of knowledge, with the purpose of expanding the visibility of a serious phenomenon regarding integrated high school education implemented in FIs and contribute to the deepening of its analysis. It was observed that school dropout is a phenomenon composed of multiple factors and its nature is dynamic, a fact that has hindered the implementation of efficient public policies to address the problem. The results found allowed us to consider possible reasons that lead the student to dropout, but allow us to conclude that the research directed to the issue of dropout in integrated education is still insufficient.

The school library is a facility and pre-facility to support teaching and learning activities at the school level because the school library is an integral part of the education program at the school level. The school library is designed to meet the information needs of the community in every school environment, especially teachers and students. In the school library there are various collections that must be processed so that they are easy to use by library visitors or users. The things that can be done by librarian is cataloging library materials or collections to facilitate the process of retrieval of information needed by users. Therefore, this study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, in order to be able to describe how the cataloging in the library of SMA N 1 Payakumbuh. From the data and research results, it is known that the activity of cataloging or cataloging has followed and is in accordance with the cataloging system guided by the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD). In the process of cataloging collections or library materials using SLiMS is an convenience for librarians in data management so that it affects the services provided to library visitors or users.

Library is an important element in supporting the success of learning activities. Therefore library management should be maximized. The function of the library in general is as a source of learning because in there available various library materials, but the problem is a lot of libraries especially library school of primary school (SD) which management is less than the maximum. Source of data in this research were principal, librarian, teacher, and student. Data collection techniques through observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis was used the method of reduction and tested with the test credibility. This study aims to determine the various obstacles and efforts that make the school library as Iqro’ Center for students primary state of Bangetayu Wetan 02. Iqro' Center is the concept of Islamic library which aims to make the library as a center of student activities in reading and discussion according to QS. Al-'Alaq verses 1-5. The results showed that the biggest obstacle of this library is the absence of librarians so that circulation services are not running. These constraints can be overcome by fulfillment of librarians. In accordance with the results of interviews, to make the school library as Iqro’ Center for business students that need to do is to adjust the library materials to the needs of students, as well as the need for motivation from teachers to build reading interest in students. Therefore, in managing the library should involve teachers and students because they are the library users.

School libraries, especially elementary school libraries, as learning resources that contain various library instructions, can increase the interest in reading by school residents, especially teaching staff and students, and provide continuous opportunities to expand and deepen their knowledge. The purpose of the study is to build a web-based school library information system, especially in State Elementary School 108 Home Base, a system development method using Rapid Application Development (RAD). Based on the results of research on the Library Information System On Public Elementary School 108 Home Base Based On Android which has been built has good feedback for users because it makes it easier for users to borrow books at State Elementary School 108 Home Base, makes it easier for admins/officers to manage book lending data, book return data, and can help admins/library officers in the process of managing reporting in the library of State Elementary School 108 Home Base

Background: The library is a supporting tool in increasing students' interest in learning. Purpose: This study describes the influence of the library and the implementation of the school literacy movement at SDN Gangsa on students' interest in learning, which consists of habituation, development and learning and the obstacles at Gangsa State Elementary School. Design and methods: The research method applied in this research is a quantitative research method. The research was carried out by observing data on the number of library visitors at the school. Results: The research results show that the implementation of the school literacy movement has been running. However, there are still obstacles to its implementation, such as problems with the time for implementing literacy activities, lack of reading collections, lack of teacher commitment in carrying out habitual reading activities in the library and the classroom, and changes in policy from the school principal. The importance of literacy habits for students. The presence of a library and literacy movement at Gangsa State Elementary School greatly influences students' interest in learning. This can be seen from the increasing interest of students in visiting the library to read. Data on library visitors after the literacy movement was implemented at the Gangsa State Elementary School, increased by 60% from before the literacy movement was implemented at the school, and it is hoped that the presence of the library and the literacy movement implemented can increase students' interest in learning on an ongoing basis.

This study used the AASL School Libraries Count! data sets to examine school library program trends within the 2009–2012 time frame, and identify possible relationships between contributing factors across the four years and across the four geographic regions. Several statistical tests were applied to the coded AASL survey data sets longitudinally and by region: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, chi-squared independence tests, hypothesis testing of differences in proportions, and analysis of variance. The data reveal a variegated picture of school library programs in terms of staffing, resources, and activities – from state to state, by region, and by school level. In general, high schools fared best relative to elementary and middle schools, and the West fared the worst relative to the other regions. The findings highlight the impact of school level, poverty status, and governmental spending decisions on school library program staffing, resources and activities. The school librarian’s activities also correlate with library resources and their usage.

The existence of a school library is a must. Based on the National Education Standards, eachschool is required to have a library. In its management, the library must be managed byappropriate management personnel and competent in their fields. In line with thedevelopment of science and technology that continues to develop school libraries need to bemanaged and utilized for the benefit of education through an appropriate forum, namely theschool library. Descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Collecting datathrough observation, interviews and document analysis. Subjects in this study were schoolprincipals, library heads, library staff, visitors, events, facts, documents and various forms ofefforts, school library programs or activities. The object in this study is the development of aschool library based on information technology carried out in SMAN 2 and SMA 3 KotaPadang. The results showed that the factors influencing the development of information technology-based school libraries in State High School 2 and State 3 High School in PadangCity could be identified into four, namely human resources, information resources, funding,and infrastructure in the school library.

Library service management is the process of optimizing the contribution of human resources, materials, and budget to achieve the goals of the library or library management process based on management principles and theories. Meanwhile, reading interest is the ability to read and encourages the growth of reading culture and habits. Through reading, students can broaden their insights, sharpen their ideas, and enhance creativity. This research aims to explore the planning, implementation, and assessment of library service activities at State Senior High School 1 Secanggang, Langkat Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection is conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The primary data sources for the research are interviews with the school principal, library head, library staff, teachers, and students. Secondary data consists of documents related to library service management in enhancing students' reading interest at State Senior High School 1 Secanggang, Langkat Regency. Data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and checking data validity by comparing interview data with the research object. The results of the research show that library service management in enhancing reading interest at State Senior High School 1 Secanggang, Langkat Regency, is well-established. The planning activities begin with meetings attended by the school principal, library head, library staff, teachers, and students. The implementation of library services is carried out by two library staff members with their respective schedules and is supervised by the library head. Assessment is conducted for the school principal, library head, library staff, teachers, and students.

Since 2016, the Russian Federation has been implementing the Concept for the Development of School Information and Library Centres, the main purpose of which is to create conditions for the formation of modern school library as a key tool in the new infrastructure of educational organization that provides modern conditions for teaching and upbringing.The study assesses the current state of school libraries in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the regulatory and organizational basis of school libraries’ activities, present in detail the difficulties of implementing the Concept for the Development of School Information and Library Centres, taking into account the norms and requirements for the organization of school libraries space, as well as consider the issues of staffing the activities of school libraries.The authors conclude that today at least half of school libraries do not meet the requirements of the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” and Federal State Educational Standards for their activities; and the heads of educational organizations are not interested in the development of library as it requires serious organizational and financial costs, but does not directly affect the performance assessment of their work.The updated school library, filled with relevant content, supported by personnel, methodology, technologies and resources, has the ability to update the content of school education, create the necessary modern infrastructure and use effective mechanisms for managing educational activities. The authors propose a number of actions, the implementation of which at the federal and regional levels will increase the effectiveness of further activities for the development of school libraries and information and library centres.

The Education Library at Wayne State University has a long and storied history. From its beginning at the Detroit Normal School to its final merger with the general library, the Education Library has been at the heart of not only Wayne State University, but also in the development of the College of Education. This paper chronicles the history of the library, and the people who created it, from its very beginning to its final place among the volumes of Purdy/Kresge Library.

This study aims to describe the utilization of the school library as a learning resource for students at State Elementary School 12 South Pontianak. The research method used was descriptive with a qualitative research form. The data sources of this research were Librarians and Teachers of State Elementary School 12 South Pontianak and the data were the results of interviews and observations with school Librarians and Teachers. The data collection techniques in this research were non-participatory observation techniques, semi-structured interview techniques, and documentation. The data collection instrument in this study was the researcher himself as the main instrument using observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation. Based on the data from observations and interviews, the utilization of the school library as a learning resource for students has been well implemented. The supporting factors are school library facilities and infrastructure, access to the school library. While the inhibiting factors are the absence of library membership cards and interest students to utilize the school library as a learning resource.

This study investigated the influence of peer influence on school library use among public secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The study population comprised 16,366 students in public secondary schools in Lagos State. Structured questionnaire was used for the data collection and the Cronbach alpha value ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 which shows that the instrument is valid. Findings showed that students in public secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria used school library twice a week (mean = 3.00, SD = 0.79). School library was used daily among students in public secondary schools in Lagos State, in order to enable them to study and perform well in their studies (x̅ = 3.33). The extent of peer influence on library use was moderately high (the mean = 2.91, SD = 0.86). Peer pressure exerted high influence at (x̅ = 3.05) and peer academic value at mean = 2.76. Peer influence has a negative significant influence on school library use among students in public secondary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria (R2 = 0.025, β = -0.157, t = -5.781, p<0.05). Therefore, this study recommends that school administrators and librarian should care for each student in situation where there is negative influence it should be observed and corrected before it becomes a public menace.

Abstract Objective — California school libraries have new state standards, which can serve to guide their programs. Based on pre-standard and post-standard library survey data, this research compares California school library programs to determine the variables that can potentially help a school library reach the state standards, and to develop a predictive model of those variables. Methods – Variations of decision trees and logistic regression statistical techniques were applied to the library survey data in order to create the best-fit model. Results – Best models were chosen within each technique, and then compared, concluding that the decision tree using the CART algorithm had the most accurate results. Numerous variables came up as important across different models, including: funding sources, collection size, and access to online subscriptions. Conclusion – School library metrics can help both librarians and the educational community analyze school library programs closely and determine effective ways to maximize the school library’s impact on student learning. More generally, library resources and services can be measured as data points, and then modeling statistics can be applied in order to optimize library operations.

The paper describes the history of formation of Collections of the Russian State Arts Library (RSAL) as a Special Library, which Mission is Library and Information Services in the filed of Arts and Culture. The main attention is devoted to the Theatre Collections, because the library was founded as a School Library at the Academic Maly Theatre and for many years it functioned as the Central Theatre Library of the country.

SMP Negeri 1 Kaliori is located in Pati Regency. The school library of SMP Negeri 1 Kaliori is a source of knowledge at the school, however, the data processing is still manual which makes it difficult for librarians to manage library data. Therefore, an application-based library information system was created to make it easier for librarians. in managing library data in making library information systems using the Java programming language which is a programming language specifically for making an application, the information presented in this application includes information on borrowing, returns, student data, book status data, book codes, late fines and information book collection. With this application, it can help students borrow and return books easily. Students no longer need to look directly at books in the library. By opening this application, students can see all types of books in the library. This application is also equipped with a fine feature so students who borrow books beyond the specified time period will receive a fine. Students can also see the fine bill in the application.

In this paper the logistic growth model of spontaneous utilization of school library in Imo State, is presented. First‐order variables separable logistic equation is solved. The parameters that gave the best logistic curve for the data were determined. The number of male and female science students who utilized school library spontaneously also is presented. The logistic equation allows rigorous estimation of 2.34% growth rate of male science students’ spontaneous utilization of school library in Imo State. While that of female students is decreasing by 2.71%. The results revealed that male students are experiencing upward trend in the spontaneous utilization of school library while their female counterparts are experiencing downward trend. Therefore, it is recommended that science students should utilize the school library resources spontaneously without being induced to do so. They should also develop passion for reading because reading books pushes readers to use their imaginations and encourages creativity for scientific endeavours.

The development of Information Technology began to receive a positive response from the public. Its development is not only welcomed and enjoyed by the business world and the government, but has also begun to penetrate the world of education because the integration of availability is increasingly important in supporting efforts to create the next generation of competitive nations. or being researched. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the effects of library program applications. Such information can be obtained from scientific books, research reports, scientific papers, theses and dissertations, laws and regulations, articles of association, yearbooks, encyclopedias and written sources both printed and electronic and the internet. information and data related to the need to complete the final project.

The development of Information Technology began to receive a positive response from the public. Its development is not only welcomed and enjoyed by the business world and the government, but has also begun to penetrate the world of education because the integration of availability is increasingly important in supporting efforts to create the next generation of competitive nations. or being researched. The purpose of this research is to find out what are the effects of library program applications. Such information can be obtained from scientific books, research reports, scientific papers, theses and dissertations, laws and regulations, articles of association, yearbooks, encyclopedias and written sources both printed and electronic and the internet. information and data related to the need to complete the final project.