Academic literature on the topic 'Nadir aerial photography'

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Journal articles on the topic "Nadir aerial photography"

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Che, Yingpu, Qing Wang, Ziwen Xie, Long Zhou, Shuangwei Li, Fang Hui, Xiqing Wang, Baoguo Li, and Yuntao Ma. "Estimation of maize plant height and leaf area index dynamics using an unmanned aerial vehicle with oblique and nadir photography." Annals of Botany 126, no. 4 (May 20, 2020): 765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa097.

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Abstract Background and Aims High-throughput phenotyping is a limitation in plant genetics and breeding due to large-scale experiments in the field. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can help to extract plant phenotypic traits rapidly and non-destructively with high efficiency. The general aim of this study is to estimate the dynamic plant height and leaf area index (LAI) by nadir and oblique photography with a UAV, and to compare the integrity of the established three-dimensional (3-D) canopy by these two methods. Methods Images were captured by a high-resolution digital RGB camera mounted on a UAV at five stages with nadir and oblique photography, and processed by Agisoft Metashape to generate point clouds, orthomosaic maps and digital surface models. Individual plots were segmented according to their positions in the experimental design layout. The plant height of each inbred line was calculated automatically by a reference ground method. The LAI was calculated by the 3-D voxel method. The reconstructed canopy was sliced into different layers to compare leaf area density obtained from oblique and nadir photography. Key Results Good agreements were found for plant height between nadir photography, oblique photography and manual measurement during the whole growing season. The estimated LAI by oblique photography correlated better with measured LAI (slope = 0.87, R2 = 0.67), compared with that of nadir photography (slope = 0.74, R2 = 0.56). The total number of point clouds obtained by oblique photography was about 2.7–3.1 times than those by nadir photography. Leaf area density calculated by nadir photography was much less than that obtained by oblique photography, especially near the plant base. Conclusions Plant height and LAI can be extracted automatically and efficiently by both photography methods. Oblique photography can provide intensive point clouds and relatively complete canopy information at low cost. The reconstructed 3-D profile of the plant canopy can be easily recognized by oblique photography.
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Murtiyoso, A., F. Remondino, E. Rupnik, F. Nex, and P. Grussenmeyer. "Oblique Aerial Photography Tool for Building Inspection and Damage Assessment." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-309-2014.

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Aerial photography has a long history of being employed for mapping purposes due to some of its main advantages, including large area imaging from above and minimization of field work. Since few years multi-camera aerial systems are becoming a practical sensor technology across a growing geospatial market, as complementary to the traditional vertical views. Multi-camera aerial systems capture not only the conventional nadir views, but also tilted images at the same time. In this paper, a particular use of such imagery in the field of building inspection as well as disaster assessment is addressed. The main idea is to inspect a building from four cardinal directions by using monoplotting functionalities. The developed application allows to measure building height and distances and to digitize man-made structures, creating 3D surfaces and building models. The realized GUI is capable of identifying a building from several oblique points of views, as well as calculates the approximate height of buildings, ground distances and basic vectorization. The geometric accuracy of the results remains a function of several parameters, namely image resolution, quality of available parameters (DEM, calibration and orientation values), user expertise and measuring capability.
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Martínez-Carricondo, Patricio, Francisco Agüera-Vega, and Fernando Carvajal-Ramírez. "Use of UAV-Photogrammetry for Quasi-Vertical Wall Surveying." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142221.

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In this study, an analysis of the capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to obtain point clouds from areas with a near-vertical inclination was carried out. For this purpose, 18 different combinations were proposed, varying the number of ground control points (GCPs), the adequacy (or not) of the distribution of GCPs, and the orientation of the photographs (nadir and oblique). The results have shown that under certain conditions, the accuracy achieved was similar to those obtained by a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). For this reason, it is necessary to increase the number of GCPs as much as possible in order to cover a whole study area. In the event that this is not possible, the inclusion of oblique photography ostensibly improves results; therefore, it is always advisable since they also improve the geometric descriptions of break lines or sudden changes in slope. In this sense, UAVs seem to be a more economic substitute compared to TLS for vertical wall surveying.
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Nakada, Ryuji, Masanori Takigawa, Tomowo Ohga, and Noritsuna Fujii. "VERIFICATION OF POTENCY OF AERIAL DIGITAL OBLIQUE CAMERAS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN JAPAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-63-2016.

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Digital oblique aerial camera (hereinafter called “oblique cameras”) is an assembly of medium format digital cameras capable of shooting digital aerial photographs in five directions i.e. nadir view and oblique views (forward and backward, left and right views) simultaneously and it is used for shooting digital aerial photographs efficiently for generating 3D models in a wide area. <br><br> For aerial photogrammetry of public survey in Japan, it is required to use large format cameras, like DMC and UltraCam series, to ensure aerial photogrammetric accuracy. <br><br> Although oblique cameras are intended to generate 3D models, digital aerial photographs in 5 directions taken with them should not be limited to 3D model production but they may also be allowed for digital mapping and photomaps of required public survey accuracy in Japan. <br><br> In order to verify the potency of using oblique cameras for aerial photogrammetry (simultaneous adjustment, digital mapping and photomaps), (1) a viewer was developed to interpret digital aerial photographs taken with oblique cameras, (2) digital aerial photographs were shot with an oblique camera owned by us, a Penta DigiCAM of IGI mbH, and (3) accuracy of 3D measurements was verified.
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Nakada, Ryuji, Masanori Takigawa, Tomowo Ohga, and Noritsuna Fujii. "VERIFICATION OF POTENCY OF AERIAL DIGITAL OBLIQUE CAMERAS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN JAPAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 2, 2016): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-63-2016.

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Digital oblique aerial camera (hereinafter called “oblique cameras”) is an assembly of medium format digital cameras capable of shooting digital aerial photographs in five directions i.e. nadir view and oblique views (forward and backward, left and right views) simultaneously and it is used for shooting digital aerial photographs efficiently for generating 3D models in a wide area. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; For aerial photogrammetry of public survey in Japan, it is required to use large format cameras, like DMC and UltraCam series, to ensure aerial photogrammetric accuracy. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Although oblique cameras are intended to generate 3D models, digital aerial photographs in 5 directions taken with them should not be limited to 3D model production but they may also be allowed for digital mapping and photomaps of required public survey accuracy in Japan. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; In order to verify the potency of using oblique cameras for aerial photogrammetry (simultaneous adjustment, digital mapping and photomaps), (1) a viewer was developed to interpret digital aerial photographs taken with oblique cameras, (2) digital aerial photographs were shot with an oblique camera owned by us, a Penta DigiCAM of IGI mbH, and (3) accuracy of 3D measurements was verified.
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Paquette, Jessy, and John Lowry. "Flood hazard modelling and risk assessment in the Nadi River Basin, Fiji, using GIS and MCDA." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp12003.

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This paper presents a simple and affordable approach to flood hazard assessment in a region where primary data are scarce. Using a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach coupled with GIS layers for elevation, catchments, land-use, slope, distance from channel, and soil types, we model the spatial extent of flood hazard in the Nadi River basin in western Fiji. Based on the flood hazard model results we assess risk to flood hazards in the greater Nadi area. This is carried out using 2007 census data and building location data obtained from aerial photography. The flood model reveals that the highest hazard areas in Nadi are the Narewa, Sikituru and Yavusania villages followed by the Nadi central business district (Nadi CBD). Closer examination of the data suggests that the Nadi River is not the only flood vector in the area. Several poorly designed storm drains also present a hazard since they get clogged by rubbish and cannot properly evacuate runoff thus creating water build-up. We conclude that the MCDA approach provides a simple and effective means to model flood hazard using basic GIS data. This type of model can help decision makers focus their flood risk awareness efforts, and gives important insights to disaster management authorities.
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Vest Sørensen, Erik, and Mads Dueholm. "Analytical procedures for 3D mapping at the Photogeological Laboratory of the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, August 15, 2018, 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v41.4353.

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Photogrammetry is a classical remote sensing technique dating back to the 19th century that allows geologists to make three-dimensional observations in two-dimensional images using human stereopsis. Pioneering work in the 1980s and 1990s (Dueholm 1992) combined the use of vertical (nadirlooking) aerial photographs with oblique stereo images from handheld small-frame cameras into so-called multi-model photogrammetry. This was a huge technological step forward that made it possible to map, in three dimensions, steep terrain that would otherwise be inaccessible or poorly resolved in conventional nadir-looking imagery. The development was fundamental to the mapping and investigation of e.g. the Nuussuaq basin (Pedersen et al. 2006). Digital photogrammetry, the all-digital version of multi-model photogrammetry, is nowadays an efficient and powerful geological tool that is used by the Photogeological Laboratory at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) to address geological problems in a range of projects from 3D mapping to image-based surface reconstruction and orthophoto production. Here we present an updated description (complementary to Dueholm 1992) of the analytical procedures in the typical digital workflow used in current 3Dmapping projects at GEUS.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nadir aerial photography"

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Comas, Gonzalez Robert. "Mapping seagrass meadows, using low altitude aerial images." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/23040.

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Tese de mestrado, Ecologia Marinha, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015
As pradarias de ervas marinhas, assim como muitos outros ecossistemas marinhos, estão a sofrer uma degradação sem precedentes em todo o planeta. Devido à rápida perda destes habitats, são necessárias técnicas de monitorização que permitam de forma precisa caracterizar o estado das pradarias de ervas marinhas ao longo do tempo. Adicionalmente é importante considerar o custo e logística na monitorização, assim como a sua flexibilidade em diferentes condições de amostragem e de forma não intrusiva, para um trabalho de campo periódico. Varias metodologias tem sido propostas ao longo do tempo para o estudo de ecossistemas marinhos como as pradarias de ervas marinhas. O objectivo do presente trabalho é o desenvolvimento e teste (análise comparativa) de uma nova abordagem de baixo custo, ao mapeamento dos limites e densidade de pradarias de ervas marinhas, com recurso a imagens aéreas a baixa altitude e alta definição (0.1 m ), obtidas autonomamente. Pretendeu-se assim vencer várias das limitações propostas por metodologias anteriores. Foram abrangidos 3 níveis na análise comparativa: as fases de aquisição (metodologia), a avaliação da influência das condições de aquisição das mesmas e a classificação das imagens. A análise comparativa dos diferentes resultados foi dirigida, não só à avaliação da expressão territorial das manchas – extensão e delimitação – mas também à avaliação comparativa, em termos de resultados e exequibilidade, das metodologias empregues. O trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido na península de Tróia, tendo como alvo duas áreas principais: uma no extremo NO da península de Tróia e outra entre as instalações da Marinha e o novo cais dos ferries. Para a análise comparativa ao nível da aquisição das imagens, a pradaria situada no extremo NO da península de Tróia, foi monitorizada com uma metodologia já testada e avaliada em prévios estudos, a partir de imagens oblíquas em cor verdadeira, obtidas a partir de um ponto fixo elevado na proximidade (o topo de um dos hotéis existentes). Por outro lado na pradaria situada na localização do novo cais dos ferries, foi aplicada a nova metodologia proposta, com fotografia a partir de um balão cativo, a uma altitude de aproximadamente 50 m, que foi guiado ao longo da linha de costa por um operador. Vários fatores ambientais foram inicialmente considerados para o teste das metodologias: vento, ondas, maré, etc. Sendo que o nível de maré foi o fator finalmente usado para a análise comparativa consoante as condições de aquisição. Os levantamentos fotográficos de ambas as manchas foram realizadas com uma periodicidade de base mensal, sempre em condições de baixa-mar de águas vivas. O nível de maré abrange um amplo intervalo de possibilidades, contudo, as imagens foram diferenciadas em dois grupos no contexto das condições de aquisição: emerso e submerso. Emerso refere-se a imagens em que a pradaria apresenta alguma porção emersa e submerso, refere-se às imagens com a totalidade da pradaria submersa. Assim, estes dois grupos permitiram uma clara diferenciação entre diferentes condições ambientais flutuantes e típicas dos ambientes estudados. Estas condições foram também condicionantes para a aquisição de imagens aéreas com ambas as metodologias, o que permitia avaliar a flexibilidade da aplicação da nova metodologia proposta. Em ambos as metodologias de aquisição, as imagens originais em cor verdadeira foram ortorrectificadas (georreferenciadas), com base em levantamentos de campo levados a cabo com recurso a um sistema de GPS com correcção diferencial RTK, para obter os pontos de controlo de referencia para o processo. No caso das imagens obtidas com a nova metodologia proposta, a partir do balão, foram agrupadas 2 ou 3 imagens, em mosaicos representativos de uma secção significativa da área alvo. Finalmente, estas imagens rectificadas e em cor verdadeira, foram processadas para permitir avaliar a distribuição e densidade das manchas de ervas marinhas. Para a análise comparativa ao nível de classificação da imagem, foram utilizados e comparados diferentes algoritmos de classificação, nomeadamente classificação de base pixel e classificação baseada em objectos. Todas as imagens classificadas foram reclassificadas até obter mapas binários representando as classes: Ervas marinhas; Não-ervas marinhas. A partir dos mapas binários para cada uma das imagens processadas, foram obtidos: área da classe Ervas marinhas; precisão de classificação da imagem (a través da comparação com pontos controlo na imagem em cor verdadeira); e o coeficiente kappa (comparando mapas binários). Estes parâmetros foram usados no contexto da análise comparativa para os 3 níveis propostos: • As áreas da classe Ervas marinhas foram comparadas para testar a semelhança/diferença entre a área de cobertura em cada uma das condições de amostragem (emerso/submerso) para cada uma das metodologias usadas (imagens obliquas/imagens com o balão). Assim, foi possível comparar se a situação de maré, influía nos resultados de estudos de densidade e distribuição a través das imagens aéreas. • A precisão na classificação das imagens foi comparado para cada um dos 3 níveis, por forma a avaliar semelhanças/diferenças entre o processo de aquisição das imagens (metodologias), entre condições de amostragem e entre abordagens nas classificações das imagens. • O coeficiente kappa foi obtido a partir da comparação entre mapas binários, comparando condições de amostragem (emerso/submerso) e classificação da imagem (pixel/objecto). Os resultados mostraram que as imagens obtidas com o balão apresentavam menos erros e distorções no processo de rectificação, devido a sua maior verticalidade. Contudo, tinham a limitação decorrente de uma distribuição mais limitante dos pontos de controlo de referencia obtidos com o GPS-RTK. As imagens obtidas a partir do balão a 50 m de altitude permitiram abranger a largura toda da pradaria. Por outro lado, os resultados obtidos através da análise das imagens classificadas (mapas binários), mostraram diferencias significativas (p=3.221×10-05) só ao nível de comparação entre abordagens de classificação das imagens, sendo que a classificação baseada em objectos, ofereceu resultados mais precisos que a classificação de base pixel. Este estudo demonstrou que a metodologia proposta, com o balão cativo, oferece a possibilidade de mapeamento de pradarias de ervas marinhas a baixo custo, com imagens de alta resolução e com elevada precisão. Os resultados a nível de precisão na nova metodologia usada foram semelhantes aos obtidos com a metodologia comparada de imagens obliquas, já demonstrada em estudos anteriores como uma metodologia que vencia limitações de outras abordagens. As maiores limitações para à aplicação da nova metodologia com o balão cativo foram devido as condições meteorológicas, nomeadamente o vento. Contudo, a nova metodologia com o balão ofereceu outras vantagens relativamente às fotografias obliquas além do menor error na rectificação: nomeadamente, a independência de aplicação e o maior detalhe das imagens para representar a complexidade dos ecossistemas. No contexto das condições de amostragem, foi demonstrado que o nível de maré não é um fator que influencie resultados e interpretações, desde que dentro de um limite de visibilidade mínima e para uma cota de maré máxima de 0.8 m, para permitir obter imagens desejáveis. Finalmente, a maior precisão obtida com a classificação baseada em objectos indica que este abordagem oferece uma maior capacidade para classificar as imagens destes sistemas aquáticos superando possíveis limitações p. ex., de visibilidade devida à turbidez o à presença de objectos não desejados na classificação. Este estudo demonstrou a possibilidade e interesse do mapeamento não intrusivo, de baixo custo e com elevada precisão de pradarias de ervas marinhas, mas que também pode ser aplicado noutros ecossistemas intertidais, oferecendo uma nova ferramenta para à necessária monitorização periódica de sistemas complexos.
Seagrass meadows, together with other coastal marine habitats, are facing unprecedented declines, which requires low cost methodologies for its highly frequent periodic monitoring, able to represent accurately the complexity of those ecosystems. In this context, the aim of the present study was to develop a new approach using nadir aerial photographies from low altitude – high resolution (0.1 m), with a helium balloon system. The methodology was tested (comparative analysis) at 3 levels. First, at methodology level agains an oblique terrestrial photography methodology used in previous studies at the same location. Second, at sampling conditions level for typical changing environment situations – emerged and submerged. Third, at image classification level comparing pixel- and object-based classification. Testing for each of the levels, was through the analysis of processed images taken, which include: georeferencing and, for nadir aerial photographies, a mosaicking process, and image classification. Final images data, were obtained from the binary (seagrass / non-seagrass) classified maps of each treated image, from which it was obtained: area of seagrass class for each image; classification accuracy; and kappa coefficients values from comparison between classified maps. Hence, area results were used to test for sampling conditions comparative analysis; classification accuracies were used to test for 3 levels (methodology, sampling conditions and image classification) comparative analysis; and kappa analysis to compare binary maps between pairs of images for sampling conditions and image classification comparative analysis. Results showed significance differences only at image classification level comparison (p=3.221×10-05), scoring higher accuracy values for object-based classification. The study demonstrated that highly accurate results can be obtained through the proposed low cost methodology, for different sampling conditions, overcoming some classification issues with the object-based approach. Thus, allowing to reliably represent the seagrass meadows structural complexity through low altitude-high resolution images in a nonintrusive low-cost approach.
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Book chapters on the topic "Nadir aerial photography"

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Bulatov, Dimitri. "Alignment of Building Footprints Using Quasi-Nadir Aerial Photography." In Image Analysis, 361–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20205-7_30.

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