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Relevant bibliographies by topics / NAFTA Plus

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Academic literature on the topic 'NAFTA Plus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "NAFTA Plus"

1

Dieck-Assad, María De Lourdes. "Is There a NAFTA Plus?" International Journal 58, no. 3 (2003): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203869.

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2

Dieck-Assad, María De Lourdes. "Is There a NAFTA Plus?" International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 58, no. 3 (September 2003): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200305800312.

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3

Castañeda, Jorge G. "NAFTA at 10: A Plus or a Minus?" Current History 103, no. 670 (February 1, 2004): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2004.103.670.51.

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4

Meilke, Karl, James Rude, and Steven Zahniser. "Is NAFTA Plus an Option in the North American Agrifood Sector?" World Economy 31, no. 7 (July 2008): 925–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2008.01109.x.

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5

McBride, Stephen. "Reconfiguring Sovereignty: NAFTA Chapter 11 Dispute Settlement Procedures and the Issue of Public-Private Authority." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 4 (November 12, 2006): 755–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906060331.

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Abstract.This article focuses on the claim that authority is shifting from public into private hands. To partially test that thesis it examines the procedures for settling disputes under NAFTA Chapter 11 (itself an example of the broader category of investor-state provisions found in bilateral investment agreements and some international conventions). The article detects evidence of a delegation or transfer of public authority to private processes. It deals only incidentally with NAFTA Chapter 11's grant to investors of the right to make direct claims against signatory governments; rather, it concentrates on the procedures for resolving such claims, and the means available to states to assert the public interest. Specifically, this article examines the way that the NAFTA Chapter 11 dispute resolution mechanism is rooted in private arbitration processes and seeks to determine the effectiveness of the means available to public authorities to alter decisions emanating from them, if they are deemed to be contrary to the public interest.Résumé.Cet article considère l'argument selon lequel l'exercice de l'autorité publique est en train de passer du domaine public au domaine privé. Afin de vérifier, au moins partiellement, cette thèse l'article passe en revue les procédures d'adjudication des différends aux termes du chapitre 11 de l'ALENA - qui est lui-même un exemple de la catégorie plus vaste des dispositions concernant le traitement des investisseurs, et leur droit d'apparaître devant les tribunaux d'arbitrage au même titre que les États, que l'on trouve dans certains traités bilatéraux et internationaux. L'article décèle les indices d'une délégation ou d'un transfert de l'autorité publique vers le secteur privé. Il ne porte que tangentiellement sur le chapitre 11 de l'ALENA et les droits des investisseurs de porter plainte contre les gouvernements signataires; il analyse, par contre,de manière plus approfondie les procédures utilisées pour résoudre de telles plaintes et les moyens dont disposent les États pour défendre l'intérêt général. L'auteur examine plus particulièrement l'enracinement de la procédure de résolution des différends du chapitre 11 de l'ALENA dans les processus d'arbitrage privé et cherche à déterminer l'efficacité des moyens dont disposent les autorités publiques pour modifier les décisions qui en résultent si elles s'avèrent être contraires à l'intérêt général.

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6

VILLALTA PUIG, GONZALO, and ERIC D. DALKE. "Nature and Enforceability of WTO-plus SPS and TBT Provisions in Canada's PTAs: From NAFTA to CETA." World Trade Review 15, no. 1 (October 19, 2015): 51–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000464.

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AbstractSafety standards can function as non-tariff barriers to trade. Canada is a large exporter of goods and so it has an interest in the regulation of safety standards, both at the multilateral level through its membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and, most especially, at the bilateral and regional level through its Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs). Canada has signed PTAs with provisions that go beyond the obligations of WTO Members under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. This article analyses the nature and enforceability of WTO-plus provisions on sanitary and phytosanitary standards (SPS) as well as product standards (TBT) in Canada's PTAs, from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between Canada, Mexico, and the United States to the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union. First, it finds that the inclusion of WTO-plus SPS and TBT provisions in Canada's PTAs is a relatively recent practice that is still in development. Only about half of Canada's PTAs contain WTO-plus SPS and TBT provisions and, those treaties that do, commonly concern institutions for regulatory cooperation and information exchange arrangements, without much commitment to harmonization. Secondly, it finds that nearly half of the SPS and TBT provisions in Canada's PTAs are unenforceable. They either are in a language that is too imprecise for enforcement or do not allow access to a dispute settlement mechanism. Thirdly, it finds that, by global standards, most of Canada's PTAs are modest in their approach to SPS and TBT issues, with NAFTA and CETA as key exceptions. The article concludes that the extent to which regulatory convergence occurs on safety standards for Canada is dependent more on political cooperation between the parties than on the nature and enforceability of SPS and TBT provisions in its PTAs.

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7

Boru, Zeleke T. "The test data provision of USMCA: A potential to promote or negate the timely access to genetically engineered biologics?" Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 16, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134319886627.

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With the adoption of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (henceforth, TRIPS), the WTO members agreed to provide a minimum level of Intellectual Property (IP) protections to a broad range of subjects, including “undisclosed test or other data.” However, following the entry into force of TRIPS, some WTO members (particularly, developed countries) have concluded Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that consist of TRIPS-plus provisions, which go beyond the minimum standard established under TRIPS. One of the agreements that represent such a trajectory is the newly renegotiated agreement between the U.S, Mexico and Canada. The agreement has been negotiated, among other issues, to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This trilateral agreement also changed the name NAFTA to the United States-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) Agreement or NAFTA 2.0. The new agreement contains rules that govern undisclosed test or other data (hereafter, test data), which biopharmaceutical companies submit to Health Regulatory Authorities for the purpose of obtaining the right to market biological medicines (hereafter, biologics). Drawing upon the aforementioned background, this article examines if and how USMCA’s test data rule contravenes the obligations of the USMCA Parties to fulfill, protect and respect the right to biologics, as contained under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (hereafter, ICESCR) and other international human rights instruments that cover the right to health. The first section provides an overview of USMCA, the second section addresses the nature of legal protection given to test data under the TRIPS Agreement, the third section is devoted to examining the nature of obligation as contained under USMCA’s rule on test data, the fourth discusses the legal basis of the right to biologics, while the fifth section assesses if and how the rule on test data impedes the USMCA Parties from realizing the right to biologics. The last section provides a conclusion.

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Yusminah, Hartati. "Evaluasi Komoditi Ekspor di Bandara Soekarno Hatta." WARTA ARDHIA 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v36i4.94.317-328.

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Seeing of free trade in several continental markets such as of the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC). The Asian Pacific Economy (Pasific Economy Community) NORTH America Free Trade Are (NAFTA), ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), ASEAN free market with China is indirectly effect on determination of Indonesian strategy in exploting oppurtunities commodities what can penetrate the international market.With the opening of free markets Asean plus China which commenced in the year 2010 was the air transport sector has an important role in supporting efforts to increase exports, especially in the provision of adequate transport service.Soekarno Hatta airport is one of the airport that serves as the gates way of trade via air transport network, that plays an important role in supporting and smoth export and import of commodities.

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9

Ahl, A. S., and J. A. Acree. "Les implications de la régionalisation et l’évaluation de risque pour les pays en voie de développement." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1993): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9359.

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L'importation d'animaux et de produits animaux a été basée sur le statut d'un pays entier en ce qui concerne un agent pathogène donné ou une maladie déterminée. Cette doctrine, qui veut que le pays doit être libre, a servi à empêcher le mouvement d'agents indésirables dans une grande partie des pays plus développés. Néanmoins, les producteurs dans les pays qui n'ont pas un statut en santé animale favorable n'ont pas pu participer au commerce international et ces pays sont en général les pays tropicaux en développement. Les traités internationaux actuels sur le commerce (GATT et NAFTA) demandent que les pays soient considérés par régions en ce qui concerne les régulations d'importations pour la santé animale. La régionalisation, combinée à une évaluation consciencieuse du risque, fournit des incitations potentielles pour l'amélioration de la santé et la gestion du bétail dans une zone locale et forme également la base d'autres avantages pour les nations en développement.

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Morgenstern, Scott, Arturo Borja Tamayo, Philippe Faucher, and Daniel Nielson. "Scope and Trade Agreements." Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, no. 1 (March 2007): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070096.

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Abstract.With a focus on NAFTA, we offer an alternative model of trade negotiations that explains why the dominant partner is able to force concessions only on some issues. Key to our model is the concept ofscope. The environment side agreement excited wide swaths of society; thus, scope was high and international power asymmetries appear to explain the result. Power asymmetries seemed unimportant, however, when bargaining over issues that affected small portions of society, such as individual tariff levels. Finally, in issues of medium scope, such as the rules of origin for the textile industry, power asymmetries and elements of traditional bargaining models likely account for the negotiated outcomes.Résumé.Ce texte explique pourquoi, au cours de la négociation d'une entente commerciale, le pays dominant n'a pas en général intérêt à imposer ses préférences aux pays partenaires. Le concept de “ scope ” (ou de portée) sert à distinguer entre les différents enjeux d'une négociation. La négociation du traité de l'ALENA sert ici de cadre pour l'application de notre proposition. Parce que d'importants secteurs de la société jugeaient prioritaires les enjeux soulevés par l'accord parallèle sur la coopération dans le domaine de l'environnement, l'issue des discussions a été imposée au plus haut niveau par les dirigeants américains. En revanche, les taux tarifaires appliqués aux différents produits ne concernent chacun que des groupes restreints. Sur ces enjeux, les rapports de puissance ne jouent pas. Enfin, ce n'est que sur les enjeux intermédiaires, tels que les règles d'origine pour l'industrie textile, que les processus familiers de négociations internationales rendent compte de la réalité de façon satisfaisante.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "NAFTA Plus"

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Osuna, Victoria Miriam. "De l'intégration économique à l'intégration sécuritaire en Amérique du Nord : une perspective mexicaine." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17429.

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Books on the topic "NAFTA Plus"

1

Calgary, Alta ). North American Agrifood Market Integration Workshop (3rd 2006. Achieving NAFTA plus: Third Annual North American Agrifood Market Integration Workshop. [Guelph]: University of Guelph, 2007.

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2

Kosta, Koço. Nata e Sofie Kondilit: Tetralogji plus një : roman. Tiranë: Botimet Dudaj, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "NAFTA Plus"

1

Morales, Isidro. "The Rise and Demise of Mexico’s ‘NAFTA-plus Approach’: the Scope and Limits of a North American Agenda Coming from the South." In Post-NAFTA North America, 122–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582859_5.

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2

Krueger, Anne O. "NAFTA and USMCA." In International Trade. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.003.0016.

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How are NAFTA and USMCA different? The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into force at the beginning of 1994. It was an “FTA plus” between Canada, Mexico, and the US. There had been some strenuous opposition to the preferential trading arrangement (PTA)...

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