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Academic literature on the topic 'Nairobi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Nairobi"

Coban, Alev. "Das postkoloniale Andere im Technokapitalismus." sub\urban. zeitschrift für kritische stadtforschung 11, no. 1/2 (June 15, 2023): 149–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36900/suburban.v11i1/2.844.

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Die Jahre 2007/2008 markieren einen Wendepunkt in der kenianischen Technikentwicklung: Eine Open-Source-Technologie zur Kartierung zivilgesellschaftlicher Missstände erlangte damals globale Aufmerksamkeit. Seitdem fungiert Nairobi als internationales Vorbild für Innovationen made in Africa und zieht als Silicon Savannah die zweithöchsten Investitionen in Afrika an. Auf Grundlage (auto-)ethnographischer Forschung von Affekten und Positionalitäten in innovativen Arbeitsplätzen in Nairobi argumentiere ich, dass Technikentwicklung in Kenia neben dem Codieren, Modellieren und 3-D-Drucken vor allem daraus besteht, Nairobi als einen Ort zu inszenieren, der mit den Normen des globalen Technokapitalismus mithalten kann. Empirische Einblicke in geführte Rundgänge durch Co-Working-Spaces zeigen, welcher affektiven Arbeit der Aushandlung es bedarf, um in einer technokapitalistischen Ökonomie der Versprechen und Performanzen den ersehnten Zukünften des wirtschaftlichen Fortschritts und der dekolonialen Emanzipation näherzukommen. Das Unterfangen, Nairobis Positionalität als postkoloniales Anderes neu zu skripten, ist ambivalent: Emanzipatorische Momente ergeben sich, während globale Machtasymmetrien stetig reproduziert werden.

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Nzunga, Dennis Joseph. "Executive Reward Structure and Financial Performance of Listed Companies in the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 3 (July 12, 2022): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4057.

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Studies have reported positive and significant relationship,that is, positive relationship between executive fixed pay, cash bonus, stock options and company’s financial performance; others negative and significant relationship, while others no significant relationship. In view of4this, the4 study4 sought4 to4 establish4 the4 relationship4 between4 executive4 reward4 structure4 and4 financial4 performance4 of4 listed4 companies4 at4 the4 Nairobi4 Securities4Exchange, Kenya. The investigation's precise goals were to establish the impact of executive base pay, bonuses, and non-cash incentives, as well as executive7 stock7options, on7 the7 financial7 performance7 of7 firms7listed7 on7the Nairobi Securities7Exchange7in7Kenya.The research also determined if the rate of inflation had a moderating influence on the association between CEO compensation and financial performance of Nairobi securities exchange-listed businesses. Stakeholder theory, agency theory, marginal productivity theory, and managerial power and governance theory were all used in this research. In this study, the positivist philosophy was applied, as well as a causal research design. The target population was all 65 listed businesses on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya, and a census was conducted. The research employed panel secondary data from annual financial statements of NSE-listed businesses. The study finding indicated that all the study variables except for inflation had a positive correlation with with financial performance of listed firms. However it is basic pay, bonuses and non cash benefits that had a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of listed firms. The effect of executive share options was positive but insignificant at 5% level of significance. Equally the effect of inflation was negative but insignificant. However, inflation has a signinificant effect as a moderator in the relationship7 between7 executive7 rewards7 and7 financial7 performance7 of7 listed7 firms7 at7 the7 Nairobi7 Securities7Exchange.Its is on the basis on of this findings that the study recommends that listed firms need to tailor their executive compensation and reward schemes to performance to encourage the top executives to continuous work hard and achieve their performance targets. Keywords: Executive reward structure, executive basic salary, executive bonuses, executive non-cash benefits, executive stock options, inflation rate, financial performance.

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Ren, Hang, Wei Guo, Zhenke Zhang, Leonard Musyoka Kisovi, and Priyanko Das. "Population Density and Spatial Patterns of Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 7717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187717.

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The widespread informal settlements in Nairobi have interested many researchers and urban policymakers. Reasonable planning of urban density is the key to sustainable development. By using the spatial population data of 2000, 2010, and 2020, this study aims to explore the changes in population density and spatial patterns of informal settlements in Nairobi. The result of spatial correlation analysis shows that the informal settlements are the centers of population growth and agglomeration and are mostly distributed in the belts of 4 and 8 km from Nairobi’s central business district (CBD). A series of population density models in Nairobi were examined; it showed that the correlation between population density and distance to CBD was positive within a 4 km area, while for areas outside 8 km, they were negatively related. The factors determining population density distribution are also discussed. We argue that where people choose to settle is a decision process between the expected benefits and the cost of living; the informal settlements around the 4-km belt in Nairobi has become the choice for most poor people. This paper ends with suggestions for urban planning and upgrading informal settlements. The findings will increase our understanding of urban population distribution in underdeveloped countries.

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Oiro, Samson, Jean-Christophe Comte, Chris Soulsby, Alan MacDonald, and Canute Mwakamba. "Depletion of groundwater resources under rapid urbanisation in Africa: recent and future trends in the Nairobi Aquifer System, Kenya." Hydrogeology Journal 28, no. 8 (October 3, 2020): 2635–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02236-5.

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AbstractThe Nairobi volcano-sedimentary regional aquifer system (NAS) of Kenya hosts >6 M people, including 4.7 M people in the city of Nairobi. This work combines analysis of multi-decadal in-situ water-level data with numerical groundwater modelling to provide an assessment of the past and likely future evolution of Nairobi’s groundwater resources. Since the mid-1970s, groundwater abstraction has increased 10-fold at a rate similar to urban population growth, groundwater levels have declined at a median rate of 6 m/decade underneath Nairobi since 1950, whilst built-up areas have increased by 70% since 2000. Despite the absence of significant trends in climatic data since the 1970s, more recently, drought conditions have resulted in increased applications for borehole licences. Based on a new conceptual understanding of the NAS (including insights from geophysics and stable isotopes), numerical simulations provide further quantitative estimates of the accelerating negative impact of abstraction and capture the historical groundwater levels quite well. Analysis suggests a groundwater-level decline of 4 m on average over the entire aquifer area and up to 46 m below Nairobi, net groundwater storage loss of 1.5 billion m3 and 9% river baseflow reduction since 1950. Given current practices and trajectories, these figures are predicted to increase six-fold by 2120. Modelled future management scenarios suggest that future groundwater abstraction required to meet Nairobi projected water demand is unsustainable and that the regional anthropogenically-driven depletion trend can be partially mitigated through conjunctive water use. The presented approach can inform groundwater assessment for other major African cities undergoing similar rapid groundwater development.

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Carotenuto, Matthew, and Katherine Luongo. "Navigating the Kenya National Archives: Research and its Role in Kenyan Society." History in Africa 32 (2005): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0007.

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Situated at the edge of the central business district in downtown Nairobi, the Kenya National Archives (KNA) is a reservoir and living example of historical and ethnographic knowledge. Straddling the boundary between “tourist” Nairobi and “real” Nairobi, the KNA inhabits a space that transcends both function and class in a cosmopolitan, urban setting. The archives look out on the landmark Hilton Hotel, together with the swarms of up-market tourists and wealthy locals it attracts. On the KNA's rear, Tom Mboya street serves a modern gateway to the crushing, chaotic avenues and alleys that the vast majority of Nairobi's citizens tread daily as they depart from and return to the stark realities of Nairobi's eastern slums. Engulfed by the wailing horns of passing matatus and the rhythmic calls of street hawkers, the spaces inside and outside the archive offer a rich terrain for social scientists interested in both contemporary and historical Kenya.The composition of the KNA's clientele also reflects the boundaries that the archives span. Throughout the day, international tourists and local schoolchildren trickle into the groundfloor museum (currently undergoing a major renovation supported by the Ford Foundation) to view the extensive collection of artifacts and photographs representing Kenya's diverse cultures and rich history. Tucked away upstairs, a broad spectrum of patrons works and studies in the archives' reading room, using the KNA's resources for a variety of professional and personal projects.

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Smith, Constance. "Collapse." Focaal 2020, no. 86 (March 1, 2020): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2020.860102.

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AbstractIn Nairobi, the speed of urban growth is producing a parallel threat of architectural failure: in a recent spate of tower block collapses, many have died. Nairobians describe collapsed tower blocks as “fake,” referring to ideas of the counterfeit, as well as anxieties about morally suspect economies. Simultaneously, state-led development is re-envisioning Nairobi as a “world-class” city of spectacular infrastructure and gleaming high-rises. Though seemingly disconnected processes, the two are deeply entangled. Building on Africanist debates about the power of the double and the relationship between the surface and the underneath, I explore this superficially sleek but materially fragile landscape through a lens of “gray development,” complicating standard distinctions between the informal and the formal to uncover the underneath of Nairobi's world-class fantasies.

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Ngesa, Pamela Olivia, Felix Kiruthu, and Mildred J. Ndeda. "Colonialism and the Repression of Nairobi African Women Street Traders in the 1940s." Thought and Practice 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tp.v8i1.6.

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By the 1940s, the Municipal Council of Nairobi had enacted a host of By-Laws to control the presence of Africans, especially women, and had set up several agencies to implement them. Consequently, women street vendors were not only denied access to legal trade, but remained unwanted in the town except under very special circumstances. Nonetheless, pushed by their adversity, a number of them resorted to illegal hawking and demonstrated their resilience against the odds. However, as the hawkers’ earnings subsidised the colonial low wage migrant labour system, it became difficult for the colonial administration in Nairobi to resolutely stamp out their activities, especially in Eastlands. Besides, by the end of the 1940s, the Council’s fight against hawking had slackened owing to unsustainable expenses. This paper examines the effect of colonial repression of African women street traders in Nairobi’s Eastlands area in the 1940s. Using the Gender and Development (GAD) perspective along with data mainly from libraries, archives and oral sources, it interrogates the women’s attractions to Nairobi and the logic behind their street trading activities. It also examines the colonial dynamics that exploited the attitudes and beliefs of African male elders to validate the colonial government’s gender marginalisation policies against women, particularly the hawkers. The paper concludes that the gender-based constraints against African women traders notwithstanding, propelled by need, the women irrepressibly struggled to find space in the prosperous economy of Nairobi in the 1940s. Keywords Racism, gender discrimination, patriarchy, street trading, hawkers, licensing

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Shaw, Ian J. "What Has Glasgow to Do with Nairobi? The Churches and Rapid Urban Growth in Twentieth-Century Nairobi: A Comparison with Nineteenth-Century Glasgow." Studies in World Christianity 20, no. 2 (August 2014): 166–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2014.0084.

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This is a study of the rapid urban growth of twentieth-century Nairobi and its influence on patterns of church attendance and Christian practice. The experience of Glasgow in the nineteenth century is used as a historical comparator to highlight and evaluate particular trends in Nairobi's more recent experience. Although the rapid urbanisation of the two cities was separated by over a century and occurred in very different national and historical contexts, both shared similar pathologies of environmental problems, urban deprivation and poverty. Simple correlations between types of urban environment and certain patterns of Christian practice are not easily drawn in the two cities, but such complexity is common to the two cities. This study suggests that the process of rapid urbanisation did shape religious practice in Nairobi, if not always in predictable or negative ways. It brought openness to new ideas and flexibility to modes of Christian expression, as was also observed in Glasgow a century before. The responses of churches to the very major challenges caused by large-scale movements of population and consequent social dislocation also betray similarities across geographical and historical contexts. Despite claims as to the secularising influence of the city, Christian practice may prove to have been at its most robust and authentically African in a city like Nairobi.

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Colona, Francesco. "Police guns and private security cars. Ordering the state through socio-material policing assemblages in Nairobi." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 436–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775820923374.

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In this article, I show how the work of heterogeneous security and policing assemblages in Nairobi hinges upon and reproduces physical urban borders, and consequentially enacts social orders. While these assemblages enrol a diverse collection of people and objects, I liken their work to that of the state: some urban residents are considered as belonging to safe spaces and in need of extra protection, while others are considered dangerous and targets of policing activities. I draw on one year of ethnographic fieldwork with private security companies and police patrols in middle- and upper-class Nairobi. In Nairobi, armed police personnel are commonly seen in vehicles that are marked with the logos and colours of security companies or private vehicles. These arrangements are not only based on agreements between companies’ managers, urban residents and police, but rely on what specific infrastructures (such as road or radio networks) and various objects (such as guns and cars) afford. These material elements are not insignificant details. Rather they become central to the unfolding of the patrols. They contribute to the work of security and policing assemblages of categorizing Nairobi’s residents as either dangerous and potentially criminal subjects or as residents in need of extra protection.

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Ndegwa, James N. "Determinants of Apartment Prices within Housing Estates of Nairobi Metropolitan Area." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 6 (May 9, 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n6p104.

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The objective of this study is to establish the determinants that significantly influence apartment prices that are located within housing estates of Nairobi metropolitan area. The determinants comprise of apartments features including: proximity to shopping malls, proximity to Nairobi’s central business district, proximity to schools, proximity to slums, presence of swimming pool, presence of balcony, size of the apartment, periodic rental income and land value. Both secondary and primary data sources were employed in the research and 30 housing estates where apartment are located were selected for data collection purposes. Multiple regression analysis was employed for the secondary data and the findings indicated that: land value and size of the apartments had a significant influence on apartment pricing. Descriptive statistical analysis findings indicated that proximity to shopping malls, proximity to Nairobi’s central business district, proximity to schools, presence of swimming pool, size of the apartments and land value had significant influence on apartment prices. Triangulation of secondary and primary data analysis results indicated a consistency rate of 50%. The recommendation of the study is that real estate stakeholders especially buyers should focus on size and land value of apartments as these significantly influence apartment pricing in Nairobi metropolitan area.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nairobi"

Kopare, Jerry. "Curtains of Nairobi." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129177.

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This proposal for GoDown Arts Centre invites you to enjoy an open and transformable architecture in a large shaded oasis. It is dressed in layers of thin curtains of glass, or mixed materials, suspended in wires between the floor slabs. Some spaces are fully visible, others are veiled, or protected behind opaque walls. The building has many different faces speaking freely in its manifestation of Nairobi's cultural diversity. As one enters the building on ground level one can see a pool: its water reflecting the light of the atrium, improving air humidity, or indoor temperature. It can be rainwater collected by the large roof. Moreover, the pool can be deep enough for high-diving from platforms on the first floor. In fact, some sports have more in common with the arts than with other sports, and Nairobi's many cultures, or tribes, share traits, or interests, in spite of borders caused by geography, history, social differences etc.. Curtains of Nairobi is, therefore, a centre for art beyond borders. It provides the current activities with new spaces (approx. 2000 m2), plus adds 3000 m2 of new studios, offices, workshops, a restaurant, a pool, a 900 seat auditorium, and a roof garden.
Detta förslag till GoDown Arts Centre inbjuder dig till en öppen och föränderlig arkitektur i en stor skuggig oas. Byggnaden är klädd i lager av tunna gardiner av glas, eller blandade material, upphängda i vajrar mellan bjälklagen. Vissa rum är fullt synliga, andra är beslöjade, eller skyddade bakom ogenomskinliga väggar. Byggnaden har många olika ansikten som talar fritt och manifesterar Nairobis kulturella mångfald. När man kommer in i byggnaden på marknivå kan man se en pool: dess vatten reflekterar atriets ljus, förbättrar luftfuktigheten, eller inomhustemperaturen. Det kan vara regnvatten som samlas in av det stora taket. Dessutom kan poolen vara tillräckligt djup för simhopp från första våningen. För vissa sporter har mer gemensamt med konst än med andra sporter, och Nairobis många kulturer, eller folkstammar, delar många drag, eller intressen, trots gränser orsakade av geografi, historia, sociala skillnader etc.. Nairobis Gardiner är en byggnad för konst bortom gränser. Den erbjuder den nuvarande verksamheten nya rum (ca 2000 m2) plus ytterligare 3000 m2 med nya studios, kontor, verkstäder, en restaurang, en pool, ett auditorium med drygt 900 sitplatser, och en takterrass.

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Ohumay, Sibie Matley. "A Market in Nairobi." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51816.

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This is an exploration of the circle through the lens of the African vernacular. The geometric circle is inherently rule based and requires only objective, geometric manipulation. The archetypal circle is subjective, an interpretation based on given characteristics of roundness. The archetypal circle is where abstraction and exploration occur. The plan of traditional African vernacular architecture is a circle, and as such, was the starting point. Rational manipulations of the geometric circle made the building. The mandala studies were subjective manipulations of the archetypal circle made to explore and develop the architecture. This became a Market in Nairobi.
Master of Architecture

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Austin, Thomas L. "Integrating urban mission into the curriculum of Nairobi International School of Theology, Nairobi, Kenya." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.

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Bojs, Eric. "Quantifying Traffic Congestion in Nairobi." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275684.

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This thesis aims to give insight into a novel approach for quantifying car traffic in developing cities. This is necessary to improve efficiency in resource allocation for improvements in infrastructure. The project took form of a case study of neighborhoods in the city of Nairobi, Kenya. The approach consists of a method which relies on topics from the field of Topological Data Analysis, together with the use of large data sources from taxi services in the city. With this, both qualitative and quantitative insight can be given about the traffic. The method was proven useful for understanding how traffic spreads, and to differentiate between levels of congestion: quantifying it. However, it failed to detect the effect of previous improvements of infrastructure.
Målet med rapporten är att ge insikt i en innovativ ansats för att kvantifiera biltrafik i utvecklingsstäder. Detta kommer som en nödvändighet för att kunna förbättra resursfördelning i utvecklandet av infrastruktur. Projektet utspelade sig som en fallstudie där stadsdelar i Nairobi, Kenya studerades. Ansatsen innefattar en metod som bygger på tekniker från topologisk dataanalys (eng. \textit{Topological Data Analysis}), tillsammans med stora datakällor från taxitjänster i staden. Detta hoppas ge både kvalitativ och kvantitativ information om trafiken i staden. Metoden visade sig vara användbar för att förstå hur trafik sprider sig och att differentiera mellan nivåer av trafik, alltså att kvantifiera den. Tyvärr så misslyckades metoden visa sig användbar för att mäta förbättringar i infrastruktur.

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Plata, Stephanie. "Against all odds: the effect of electoral violence on the political participation of citizens: a case study of voters in Nairobi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5589.

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Competitive national elections can play a significant role in the consolidation process of developing and established democracies alike. Nevertheless, if not handled adequately, they have the potential to bring long-existing, existential conflict lines to the surface. This electoral conflict, becoming manifest in election violence, has the potential to shy people off from voting and negatively affect their attitude towards elections and democracy in general. The present study examined the ways in which violent electoral conflict affected the political participation and the personal attitudes towards democracy of ordinary Kenyan citizens. Kenya has experienced violent electoral conflict repeatedly since the re-introduction of competitive elections in 1992 and became one of its prime examples due to the devastating 2008 post-election clashes. In order to answer the research questions, 32 semi-structured interviews with 34 victims of electoral violence coming from four main ‘hotspot areas’ of the 2008 post-election violence as well as four expert interviews were conducted. The study finds that the experience of violent electoral conflict led to diametrically opposed reactions in the behaviour of political participation among respondents. About two-thirds of them indicated a change in their behaviour of political participation. With 33% of the respondents found to be “participating more”, this group even outnumbers its “participating less” counterpart (30%). This finding is rather surprising as the experience of electoral violence is usually associated with the tendency to shy off from political participation, not only in Kenya. Based on their attitudinal dispositions towards democracy in general and towards democracy in Kenya more specifically, as well as towards Kenyan elections, politics and politicians, a fourfold typology of Kenyan citizens was developed from the sample. It includes: the voting citizen, the resigned citizen, the passive citizen, and the active citizen. The voting citizen with no further interest in politics or political participation was found to be the most prevalent type of citizen in the sample. Attention needs to be taken towards the resigned citizen, which could, in case of further violent electoral conflict and the continuing marginalization of specific ethnic groups, cause a threat to the stabilization process of Kenya’s democracy. Contributions of this study were in designing a destination identity framework as well as in discovering the identity of the city of Nelson Mandela Bay. Directions for future studies include the possibility to conduct a qualitative study on place identity so as to obtain a more nuanced understanding of sub-identities in the city.

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Campbell, Elizabeth H. "Refugee protection challenges in the era of globalization the case of Nairobi /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Bergman, Malin. "Go Down Arts Centre : Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122556.

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The Go Down Arts Centre is a proposal for a new building to an existing organisation in Nairobi, Kenya. The proposal relates to the scale of the city by making a statement on a future urban path, and by welcoming the city in to the building. The proposal houses both activities affiliated to Go Down, such as studios and rehersal rooms, as well as opportunities for the visitor to meet and interact with the culture produced at Go Down, both in formal and informal settings. The building is closed to its surroundings, apart from a grand entrance towards the urban path. There, the city passes through the building to an inner courtyard, where the communication to all the rooms and activities takes place. From the exterior courtyard, the buildning acts as an halftone screen towards a darker, more specific and more temperated room, where it meets the outer wall.
The Go Down Arts Centre är ett förslag på en ny byggnad till en existerande verksamhet i Nairobi, Kenya. Förslaget relaterar till stadens skala, genom att utmärka sig på ett framtida urbant stråk och bjuda in staden i byggnaden. I byggnaden finns plats både för verksamheter knutna till Go Down, i form av ateljéer, studios, replokaler, osv. och för besökaren att möta och integrera med kulturen, både i formella och informella sammanhang. Själva byggnaden är sluten utåt, med en stor öppning vid stråket, där staden passerar in i byggnaden till en innergård där kommunikationerna till alla rum och verksamheter återfinns. Från den exteriöra innergården går byggnaden genom ett raster mot ett allt slutnare, mörkare och mer tempererat rum tills den möter den tunga ytterväggen.

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Gogan, Cothrai. "HGM: Spiritans in Nairobi; 1899-1999." Spiritus-Nairobi, 1998. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/spiritanbook,5509.

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Contents -- Foreword by Archbishop -- (p. 7) -- Introduction -- (p. 9) -- Chapter One: St. Austin of the Kikuyu -- (p. 13) -- Chapter Two: A Coffee-Shamba in Kenya -- (p. 23) -- Chapter Three: Holy Family Parish, Nairobi -- (p. 38) -- Chapter Four: African Catholic Mission of St. Peter Claver's -- (p. 50) -- Chapter Five: The Kiambu Mission: Missionaries to the Kikuyu -- (p. 69) -- Chapter Six: Liberation and Education -- (p. 88) -- Chapter Seven: Epilogue -- (p. 116) -- Register of Nairobi Spiritans -- (p. 128) -- Index of People and Places -- (p. 137) -- Other Sources -- (p. 144)

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Rudd, Philip W. "Sheng : the mixed language of Nairobi." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1409502.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to determine whether Sheng, a language spoken in the Eastlands area of Nairobi, Kenya, is a mixed language (incorporating Swahili, English and local vernaculars). The study focuses on the lexicon and morphosyntax, but social factors are examined as well. Three broad research questions are addressed: (1) Does Sheng have a core vocabulary separate from that of Swahili? (2) How do the system morphemes of Sheng compare with those of Swahili? And (3) in what manner does Sheng provide its speakers a new identity?With respect to question one, the core lexicon, like Russenorsk's, Trio-Ndjuka's and Michif's, manifests a nearly fifty-fifty split in Sheng (52% Swahili; 48% other), making it a mixed language lexically.As for question two, the analysis reveals that Sheng has a composite morphosyntax. No object or relative affixes are marked on the verb. Predicate-argument structure from English has provided a null relativizer. The aerial feature imperfective suffix -a(n)g- is preferred 68% of the time. Noun classes show convergence leveling. The marker ma- serves as the generic plural. The diminutive markers, (ka-, to-), constitute a complete non-Swahili subsystem. Consequently, Sheng is also a mixed language morphosyntactically.In reference to question three, a negative correlation exists between competence in Sheng and income and housing. Though the affluent display a negative attitude towardSheng, they agree with the lower socio-economic groups that Sheng has a communicative utility in metropolitan Kenya. A comparison of the usage in the different residential areas establishes that community-wide grammatical norms (i. e., stability) exist in Sheng. Over two decades without institutional support for Swahili provided a niche in which Sheng, a non-standard language variety, flourished and a new urban identity emerged.Eastlanders walk a linguistic tightrope, balancing between the labels mshamba (`rube') and Mswahili (`slick talker'). However, Sheng provides a sociolinguistic embodiment symbolizing what nuances their existence. Over time, speakers formed a new identity group, whose language was initially `off target' (1899-1963) but subsequently became deliberate postcolonially. Finally, the name of the language itself (Sheng < LiSheng < lish-eng < English) results from and is symbolic of this social transformation.
Department of English

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Lakati, Alice S. "Breastfeeding among working mothers in Nairobi." Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/614.

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Breastfeeding is the best food source for the nutritional and health needs of young children. However when a mother returns to work, breastfeeding may be discontinued prematurely. The purpose of this study was to study infant feeding practices used by working mothers in Nairobi. Mothers attending clinics at two hospitals, one a private hospital serving higher socioeconomic groups and the other a public hospital represented the low socioeconomic groups, were interviewed. A structured interview was held with 444 mothers (200 from the low socioeconomic group and 244 from the high socioeconomic group) between January 5th and February 11th 2000. All mothers with infants aged 16-48 weeks who were willing to participate were interviewed. The prevalence of breastfeeding at the time of the study was found to be 94.1%. The low socioeconomic group exhibited a higher prevalence of breastfeeding (99%) with a 10% difference between the low and high socioeconomic groups. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 13.3% at three months. Early introduction of other feeding methods was high, with 46.4% of the mothers introducing other feeding methods before one month. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors that were associated with exclusive breastfeeding using two separate models for exclusive breastfeeding at one month and two months. The mode of work (fixed working hours as opposed to shift work) was associated with exclusive breastfeeding for at least month (OR=0.45) and two months (OR=0.39). Insufficient milk and return to work were the main reasons cited for cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.Multiple linear regression was used to find out whether growth rates differed between feeding methods and types of foods for complementary feeding. Bottle-feeding had a significant negative association (-0.240, p=0.018) with baby weight and a downward trend was evident in baby Z-score for age exhibiting a risk of growth faltering in all infants. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of breastfeeding in Nairobi Kenya has remained considerably high. Working mothers are still committed to breastfeeding despite the long working hours of separation (mean 46.23 hours). However exclusive breastfeeding is low, recommendations are made for interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding and policies with strategies to enable working mothers to exclusively breastfeed for at least four months.

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Books on the topic "Nairobi"

Natalie, Githuku, ed. Nairobi: 5453ft. Nairobi, Kenya: Footprints Press, 2017.

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Ngũgĩ, Mũkoma wa. Nairobi heat. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2011.

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ill, Bancroft Tom, and Corley Rob ill, eds. Nairobi nightmare. Los Angeles, Calif: KidsGive, 2007.

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Ngũgĩ, Mũkoma wa. Nairobi heat. Johannesburg, South Africa: Penguin Books, 2009.

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Commission, Nairobi City. Nairobi City Commission: Nairobi International Show, 1992. [Nairobi: The Commission, 1992.

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Institut français de recherche en Afrique., ed. Réfugiés urbains à Nairobi =: Urban refugees in Nairobi. Nairobi: Institut français de recherche en Afrique, 1998.

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Bustani, Juma. Adventure in Nairobi. Nairobi: Heinemann Kenya, 1990.

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Mills, Bhavna, author, writer of added text and Great Britain. High Commission (Kenya), eds. Nairobi: Then & now. [Nairobi]: Mills Publishing Ltd., 2013.

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Sammy, Masara, ed. Nairobi medical directory. Nairobi: Express Communications Ltd., 1993.

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1945-, Tremlett David, Squire and Partners, and British Council, eds. British Council Nairobi. London: British Council, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nairobi"

Holzinger, Thomas, and Martin Sturmer. "Nairobi." In Im Netz der Nachricht, 1–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22489-8_1.

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Maina, Miriam, and Baraka Mwau. "Nairobi." In The Routledge Handbook on Informal Urbanization, 215–25. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315645544-20.

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Capinera, John L., Marjorie A. Hoy, Paul W. Paré, Mohamed A. Farag, John T. Trumble, Murray B. Isman, Byron J. Adams, et al. "Nairobi Eye." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2545. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2138.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "Nairobi principles." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 119. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_894.

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Diphoorn, Tessa, Joost Fontein, Peter Lockwood, and Constance Smith. "Introduction." In Nairobi Becoming, 15–59. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0418.1.02.

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Kahora, Billy. "Interlude." In Nairobi Becoming, 101–3. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0418.1.04.

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Kahora, Billy. "Interlude." In Nairobi Becoming, 189–91. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0418.1.06.

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Kahora, Billy. "Interlude." In Nairobi Becoming, 235–37. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0418.1.08.

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Diphoorn, Tessa, Joost Fontein, Peter Lockwood, and Constance Smith. "Epilogue." In Nairobi Becoming, 289–96. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0418.1.10.

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Capinera, John L., Marjorie A. Hoy, Paul W. Paré, Mohamed A. Farag, John T. Trumble, Murray B. Isman, Byron J. Adams, et al. "Nairobi Sheep Disease." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2545. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2139.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nairobi"

Roy, B. C., George P. G. Wanjau, and Satyaki Bhattacharjee. "The Kenyan Dream: Developing Concept of Nairobi MRTS." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0275.

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<p>Nairobi, famous for Nairobi National Park, the world's only game reserve found within a major city, started developing as a rail depot on the Uganda Railway and in 1963, Nairobi became the capital of the Republic of Kenya. The city of Nairobi had a population of mere 11,500 in the year of 1906, and it grew to 3,138,369 by Year 2009, at growth rate of 4.1% a year.</p> <p>At this rate, the difficulties commuting to the central business area is getting more and more complicated, though plans are being implemented in the need to decongest the city's traffic and the completion of Thika Road has given the city a much-needed face-lift attributed to road's enhancement of global standards. The need of the hour is developing a world class MRTS system, combination of Road and Rail Based MRTS technology. A comprehensive study was carried out in this direction to find out the feasibility of such MRTS and the various options worked out to find suitable solution, shall be discussed in the paper.</p>

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Gaußmann, A., and N. Lusike Munyasia. "Reproductive health modelclinic in Nairobi, Kenya." In 28. Deutscher Kongress für Perinatale Medizin. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607929.

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Tumakova, Yana, Constant Cap, Azeb T. Legese, Marie Klosterkamp, and Angela Francke. "“The missing lights of Nairobi” - Cyclists' Perceptions of safety by cycling after-dark in Nairobi, Kenya." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.448.

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Roy, Bidhan Chandra, and Satyaki Bhattacharyya. "Nairobi MRTS Conceptualization: Transit-Oriented Development for Sustainable Transport." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0132.

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Nairobi, famous for Nairobi National Park, the world’s only game reserve found within a major city, started developing as a rail depot on the Uganda Railway. In 1963, Nairobi became the capital of the Republic of Kenya and showed phenomenal growth in terms of population ever since (from 11,500 in the year of 1906, to 3,138,369 by Year 2009, at growth rate of 4.1% a year). The city of Nairobi has experienced rapid urban sprawl. In 1970, average commuter distance was 0.8 km and increased to 25 km in 1998. Present commuter distance is over 40 km. The long commuter distances and heavy traffic congestion on the road has led to long travel time. At this rate, the difficulties commuting to the central business area is getting more and more complicated. The need of the hour is developing a world-class transport network, a combination of Road and Rail Based Mass Rapid Transit System (hereinafter mentioned as MRTS or MRT) technology. A comprehensive study was carried out in this direction to find out the feasibility of such MRTS in early 2000s. Based on the findings of the study, further study was conducted in 2013-2014 for developing the basis for a technical and financial harmonisation of measures. In 2019, the NMA Council gazetted 5 BRT and 7 Commuter Rail corridors vide Legal Notice No. 16 of 26th February 2019, which is outcome of all the efforts. This paper aims to put together the outcome of studies made so far.

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Wamburu, John, David Kaguma, Michiaki Tatsubori, Aisha Walcott-Bryant, Reginald E. Bryant, and Komminist Weldemariam. "Roaming Nairobi Roads: Instrumenting Roads under Resource Constraints." In 2017 IEEE/ACM 4th International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems (MOBILESoft). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mobilesoft.2017.8.

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Rosier, Job, Jasper van Vliet, and Vita Bakker. "Mapping intra-urban development trajectories in Nairobi, Kenya." In 2023 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jurse57346.2023.10144220.

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"Spatiotemporal Interaction of Urban Crime in Nairobi, Kenya." In GI_Forum 2014 - Geospatial Innovation for Society. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/giscience2014s175.

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Antolak, Mariusz. "ART THERAPY IN THE MATHARE SLUM (NAIROBI, KENYA)." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/3.4/s13.008.

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Lim, ia Yen, and Haruka Ono. "Exploring inclusive developments of water supply management in urban informal areas. Case studies from Mumbai and Nairobi." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sxej2100.

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This study examines how the development of water supply management happens over time in distinct types of informal areas in Mumbai and Nairobi. The financial differences and political barriers in both cities, together with the vast diversity factors, development patterns, and challenges of each study area show that reconsidering different approaches is significant in developing more inclusive paradigms in water provision in informal areas. Relevant to these concerns, this study aims to clarify water practices and explore inclusive ways of developing water supply management through the analyses of water provision modes and network systems in each study area. A series of field studies on the type of water sources and facilities, parties involved in water practices, and characteristics of water development was performed in six case studies (i.e., three in Mumbai and three in Nairobi) from 2014 to 2019. The main findings of this study show that an unconventional informal tenure system constrains the settlement typology and development of the physical access of service facilities in study areas. Moreover, the different measures taken by Mumbai and Nairobi in providing water supply to informal areas result in an unequal path for water development and various vulnerability levels. Therefore, we argue that the mixtures of policy- and practice-rooted practices ensure a more inclusive water development because they would lead to the sociotechnical arrangements of the technical system and institutional arrangements that better fit the local conditions characterized by different spatial structures and social variables.

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"Perceptions of Land and Conflicts: The Case of Nairobi." In 14th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2007. ERES, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2007_334.

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Reports on the topic "Nairobi"

Mumah, Joyce. Strengthening school health programming in Nairobi City County. Population Council, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1080.

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Austrian, Karen, and Timothy Abuya. Nairobi informal settlements: COVID-19 knowledge and perceptions—Preliminary findings. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy14.1003.

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Muhoza, Cassilde, Wikman Anna, and Rocio Diaz-Chavez. Mainstreaming gender in urban public transport: lessons from Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.006.

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The urban population of Africa, the fastest urbanizing continent, has increased from 19% to 39% in the past 50 years, and the number of urban dwellers is projected to reach 770 million by 2030. However, while rapid urbanization has increased mobility and created a subsequent growth in demand for public transport in cities, this has not been met by the provision of adequate and sustainable infrastructure and services. The majority of low-income residents and the urban poor still lack access to adequate transport services and rely on non-motorized and public transport, which is often informal and characterized by poor service delivery. Lack of access to transport services limits access to opportunities that aren’t in the proximity of residential areas, such as education, healthcare, and employment. The urban public transport sector not only faces the challenge of poor service provision, but also of gender inequality. Research shows that, in the existing urban transport systems, there are significant differences in the travel patterns of and modes of transport used by women and men, and that these differences are associated with their roles and responsibilities in society. Moreover, the differences in travel patterns are characterized by unequal access to transport facilities and services. Women are generally underrepresented in the sector, in both its operation and decision-making. Women’s mobility needs and patterns are rarely integrated into transport infrastructure design and services and female users are often victims of harassment and assault. As cities rapidly expand, meeting the transport needs of their growing populations while paying attention to gender-differentiated mobility patterns is a prerequisite to achieving sustainability, livability and inclusivity. Gender mainstreaming in urban public transport is therefore a critical issue, but one which is under-researched in East Africa. This research explores gender issues in public transport in East Africa, focusing in particular on women’s inclusion in both public transport systems and transport policy decision-making processes and using case studies from three cities: Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam.

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Erulkar, Annabel, and Erica Chong. Evaluation of a savings and micro-credit program for vulnerable young women in Nairobi. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1010.

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Tap and Reposition Youth (TRY) was a four-year initiative undertaken by the Population Council and K-Rep Development Agency to reduce adolescents’ vulnerabilities to adverse social and reproductive health outcomes by improving livelihoods options. The project targeted out-of-school adolescent girls and young women aged 16–22 residing in low-income and slum areas of Nairobi. TRY used a modified group-based micro-finance model to extend integrated savings, credit, business support, and mentoring to out-of-school adolescents and young women. A longitudinal study of participants was conducted with a matched comparison group identified through cross-sectional community-based studies, undertaken at baseline and endline to enable an assessment of changes associated with the project. This report states that 326 participants and their controls were interviewed at baseline and 222 pairs were interviewed at endline. The results suggest that rigorous micro-finance models may be appropriate for a subset of girls, especially those who are older and less vulnerable. The impact on noneconomic indicators is less clear. Additional experimentation and adaptation is required to develop livelihoods models that acknowledge and respond to the particular situation of adolescent girls.

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Hammelehle, Julia, and Isabell Kump. Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Key Takeaways From the Munich Leaders Meeting in Nairobi. Munich Security Conference, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47342/jehz9824.

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Abuya, Timothy, Karen Austrian, Adan Isaac, Beth Kangwana, Faith Mbushi, Eva Muluve, Daniel Mwanga, et al. COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya: Study description. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy14.1002.

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Cheru, Fantu. External dependence and national urban development policy: a structural analysis of graduate unemployment in Nairobi, Kenya. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.779.

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Groot, J. J., J. Broeze, and R. B. Castelein. Food and nutrition security in Kibera (Nairobi, Kenya) with a focus on protein and amino acids. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/583746.

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Onyango-Ouma, Washington, Harriet Birungi, and Scott Geibel. Understanding the HIV/STI risks and prevention needs of men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2.1031.

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Ndwiga, Charity, Alfred Osoti, Pooja Sripad, George Odwe, Omondi Ogutu, and Charlotte Warren. Retrospective cohort study: Clinical presentation and outcomes of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Population Council, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh11.1012.

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