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1
Kopare, Jerry. "Curtains of Nairobi." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129177.
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This proposal for GoDown Arts Centre invites you to enjoy an open and transformable architecture in a large shaded oasis. It is dressed in layers of thin curtains of glass, or mixed materials, suspended in wires between the floor slabs. Some spaces are fully visible, others are veiled, or protected behind opaque walls. The building has many different faces speaking freely in its manifestation of Nairobi's cultural diversity. As one enters the building on ground level one can see a pool: its water reflecting the light of the atrium, improving air humidity, or indoor temperature. It can be rainwater collected by the large roof. Moreover, the pool can be deep enough for high-diving from platforms on the first floor. In fact, some sports have more in common with the arts than with other sports, and Nairobi's many cultures, or tribes, share traits, or interests, in spite of borders caused by geography, history, social differences etc.. Curtains of Nairobi is, therefore, a centre for art beyond borders. It provides the current activities with new spaces (approx. 2000 m2), plus adds 3000 m2 of new studios, offices, workshops, a restaurant, a pool, a 900 seat auditorium, and a roof garden.Detta förslag till GoDown Arts Centre inbjuder dig till en öppen och föränderlig arkitektur i en stor skuggig oas. Byggnaden är klädd i lager av tunna gardiner av glas, eller blandade material, upphängda i vajrar mellan bjälklagen. Vissa rum är fullt synliga, andra är beslöjade, eller skyddade bakom ogenomskinliga väggar. Byggnaden har många olika ansikten som talar fritt och manifesterar Nairobis kulturella mångfald. När man kommer in i byggnaden på marknivå kan man se en pool: dess vatten reflekterar atriets ljus, förbättrar luftfuktigheten, eller inomhustemperaturen. Det kan vara regnvatten som samlas in av det stora taket. Dessutom kan poolen vara tillräckligt djup för simhopp från första våningen. För vissa sporter har mer gemensamt med konst än med andra sporter, och Nairobis många kulturer, eller folkstammar, delar många drag, eller intressen, trots gränser orsakade av geografi, historia, sociala skillnader etc.. Nairobis Gardiner är en byggnad för konst bortom gränser. Den erbjuder den nuvarande verksamheten nya rum (ca 2000 m2) plus ytterligare 3000 m2 med nya studios, kontor, verkstäder, en restaurang, en pool, ett auditorium med drygt 900 sitplatser, och en takterrass.
2
Ohumay, Sibie Matley. "A Market in Nairobi." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51816.
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This is an exploration of the circle through the lens of the African vernacular. The geometric circle is inherently rule based and requires only objective, geometric manipulation. The archetypal circle is subjective, an interpretation based on given characteristics of roundness. The archetypal circle is where abstraction and exploration occur. The plan of traditional African vernacular architecture is a circle, and as such, was the starting point. Rational manipulations of the geometric circle made the building. The mandala studies were subjective manipulations of the archetypal circle made to explore and develop the architecture. This became a Market in Nairobi.Master of Architecture
3
Austin, Thomas L. "Integrating urban mission into the curriculum of Nairobi International School of Theology, Nairobi, Kenya." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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4
Bojs, Eric. "Quantifying Traffic Congestion in Nairobi." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275684.
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This thesis aims to give insight into a novel approach for quantifying car traffic in developing cities. This is necessary to improve efficiency in resource allocation for improvements in infrastructure. The project took form of a case study of neighborhoods in the city of Nairobi, Kenya. The approach consists of a method which relies on topics from the field of Topological Data Analysis, together with the use of large data sources from taxi services in the city. With this, both qualitative and quantitative insight can be given about the traffic. The method was proven useful for understanding how traffic spreads, and to differentiate between levels of congestion: quantifying it. However, it failed to detect the effect of previous improvements of infrastructure.Målet med rapporten är att ge insikt i en innovativ ansats för att kvantifiera biltrafik i utvecklingsstäder. Detta kommer som en nödvändighet för att kunna förbättra resursfördelning i utvecklandet av infrastruktur. Projektet utspelade sig som en fallstudie där stadsdelar i Nairobi, Kenya studerades. Ansatsen innefattar en metod som bygger på tekniker från topologisk dataanalys (eng. \textit{Topological Data Analysis}), tillsammans med stora datakällor från taxitjänster i staden. Detta hoppas ge både kvalitativ och kvantitativ information om trafiken i staden. Metoden visade sig vara användbar för att förstå hur trafik sprider sig och att differentiera mellan nivåer av trafik, alltså att kvantifiera den. Tyvärr så misslyckades metoden visa sig användbar för att mäta förbättringar i infrastruktur.
5
Plata, Stephanie. "Against all odds: the effect of electoral violence on the political participation of citizens: a case study of voters in Nairobi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5589.
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Competitive national elections can play a significant role in the consolidation process of developing and established democracies alike. Nevertheless, if not handled adequately, they have the potential to bring long-existing, existential conflict lines to the surface. This electoral conflict, becoming manifest in election violence, has the potential to shy people off from voting and negatively affect their attitude towards elections and democracy in general. The present study examined the ways in which violent electoral conflict affected the political participation and the personal attitudes towards democracy of ordinary Kenyan citizens. Kenya has experienced violent electoral conflict repeatedly since the re-introduction of competitive elections in 1992 and became one of its prime examples due to the devastating 2008 post-election clashes. In order to answer the research questions, 32 semi-structured interviews with 34 victims of electoral violence coming from four main ‘hotspot areas’ of the 2008 post-election violence as well as four expert interviews were conducted. The study finds that the experience of violent electoral conflict led to diametrically opposed reactions in the behaviour of political participation among respondents. About two-thirds of them indicated a change in their behaviour of political participation. With 33% of the respondents found to be “participating more”, this group even outnumbers its “participating less” counterpart (30%). This finding is rather surprising as the experience of electoral violence is usually associated with the tendency to shy off from political participation, not only in Kenya. Based on their attitudinal dispositions towards democracy in general and towards democracy in Kenya more specifically, as well as towards Kenyan elections, politics and politicians, a fourfold typology of Kenyan citizens was developed from the sample. It includes: the voting citizen, the resigned citizen, the passive citizen, and the active citizen. The voting citizen with no further interest in politics or political participation was found to be the most prevalent type of citizen in the sample. Attention needs to be taken towards the resigned citizen, which could, in case of further violent electoral conflict and the continuing marginalization of specific ethnic groups, cause a threat to the stabilization process of Kenya’s democracy. Contributions of this study were in designing a destination identity framework as well as in discovering the identity of the city of Nelson Mandela Bay. Directions for future studies include the possibility to conduct a qualitative study on place identity so as to obtain a more nuanced understanding of sub-identities in the city.
6
Campbell, Elizabeth H. "Refugee protection challenges in the era of globalization the case of Nairobi /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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7
Bergman, Malin. "Go Down Arts Centre : Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122556.
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The Go Down Arts Centre is a proposal for a new building to an existing organisation in Nairobi, Kenya. The proposal relates to the scale of the city by making a statement on a future urban path, and by welcoming the city in to the building. The proposal houses both activities affiliated to Go Down, such as studios and rehersal rooms, as well as opportunities for the visitor to meet and interact with the culture produced at Go Down, both in formal and informal settings. The building is closed to its surroundings, apart from a grand entrance towards the urban path. There, the city passes through the building to an inner courtyard, where the communication to all the rooms and activities takes place. From the exterior courtyard, the buildning acts as an halftone screen towards a darker, more specific and more temperated room, where it meets the outer wall.The Go Down Arts Centre är ett förslag på en ny byggnad till en existerande verksamhet i Nairobi, Kenya. Förslaget relaterar till stadens skala, genom att utmärka sig på ett framtida urbant stråk och bjuda in staden i byggnaden. I byggnaden finns plats både för verksamheter knutna till Go Down, i form av ateljéer, studios, replokaler, osv. och för besökaren att möta och integrera med kulturen, både i formella och informella sammanhang. Själva byggnaden är sluten utåt, med en stor öppning vid stråket, där staden passerar in i byggnaden till en innergård där kommunikationerna till alla rum och verksamheter återfinns. Från den exteriöra innergården går byggnaden genom ett raster mot ett allt slutnare, mörkare och mer tempererat rum tills den möter den tunga ytterväggen.
8
Gogan, Cothrai. "HGM: Spiritans in Nairobi; 1899-1999." Spiritus-Nairobi, 1998. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/spiritanbook,5509.
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Contents -- Foreword by Archbishop -- (p. 7) -- Introduction -- (p. 9) -- Chapter One: St. Austin of the Kikuyu -- (p. 13) -- Chapter Two: A Coffee-Shamba in Kenya -- (p. 23) -- Chapter Three: Holy Family Parish, Nairobi -- (p. 38) -- Chapter Four: African Catholic Mission of St. Peter Claver's -- (p. 50) -- Chapter Five: The Kiambu Mission: Missionaries to the Kikuyu -- (p. 69) -- Chapter Six: Liberation and Education -- (p. 88) -- Chapter Seven: Epilogue -- (p. 116) -- Register of Nairobi Spiritans -- (p. 128) -- Index of People and Places -- (p. 137) -- Other Sources -- (p. 144)
9
Rudd, Philip W. "Sheng : the mixed language of Nairobi." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1409502.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to determine whether Sheng, a language spoken in the Eastlands area of Nairobi, Kenya, is a mixed language (incorporating Swahili, English and local vernaculars). The study focuses on the lexicon and morphosyntax, but social factors are examined as well. Three broad research questions are addressed: (1) Does Sheng have a core vocabulary separate from that of Swahili? (2) How do the system morphemes of Sheng compare with those of Swahili? And (3) in what manner does Sheng provide its speakers a new identity?With respect to question one, the core lexicon, like Russenorsk's, Trio-Ndjuka's and Michif's, manifests a nearly fifty-fifty split in Sheng (52% Swahili; 48% other), making it a mixed language lexically.As for question two, the analysis reveals that Sheng has a composite morphosyntax. No object or relative affixes are marked on the verb. Predicate-argument structure from English has provided a null relativizer. The aerial feature imperfective suffix -a(n)g- is preferred 68% of the time. Noun classes show convergence leveling. The marker ma- serves as the generic plural. The diminutive markers, (ka-, to-), constitute a complete non-Swahili subsystem. Consequently, Sheng is also a mixed language morphosyntactically.In reference to question three, a negative correlation exists between competence in Sheng and income and housing. Though the affluent display a negative attitude towardSheng, they agree with the lower socio-economic groups that Sheng has a communicative utility in metropolitan Kenya. A comparison of the usage in the different residential areas establishes that community-wide grammatical norms (i. e., stability) exist in Sheng. Over two decades without institutional support for Swahili provided a niche in which Sheng, a non-standard language variety, flourished and a new urban identity emerged.Eastlanders walk a linguistic tightrope, balancing between the labels mshamba (`rube') and Mswahili (`slick talker'). However, Sheng provides a sociolinguistic embodiment symbolizing what nuances their existence. Over time, speakers formed a new identity group, whose language was initially `off target' (1899-1963) but subsequently became deliberate postcolonially. Finally, the name of the language itself (Sheng < LiSheng < lish-eng < English) results from and is symbolic of this social transformation.Department of English
10
Lakati, Alice S. "Breastfeeding among working mothers in Nairobi." Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/614.
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Breastfeeding is the best food source for the nutritional and health needs of young children. However when a mother returns to work, breastfeeding may be discontinued prematurely. The purpose of this study was to study infant feeding practices used by working mothers in Nairobi. Mothers attending clinics at two hospitals, one a private hospital serving higher socioeconomic groups and the other a public hospital represented the low socioeconomic groups, were interviewed. A structured interview was held with 444 mothers (200 from the low socioeconomic group and 244 from the high socioeconomic group) between January 5th and February 11th 2000. All mothers with infants aged 16-48 weeks who were willing to participate were interviewed. The prevalence of breastfeeding at the time of the study was found to be 94.1%. The low socioeconomic group exhibited a higher prevalence of breastfeeding (99%) with a 10% difference between the low and high socioeconomic groups. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 13.3% at three months. Early introduction of other feeding methods was high, with 46.4% of the mothers introducing other feeding methods before one month. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors that were associated with exclusive breastfeeding using two separate models for exclusive breastfeeding at one month and two months. The mode of work (fixed working hours as opposed to shift work) was associated with exclusive breastfeeding for at least month (OR=0.45) and two months (OR=0.39). Insufficient milk and return to work were the main reasons cited for cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.Multiple linear regression was used to find out whether growth rates differed between feeding methods and types of foods for complementary feeding. Bottle-feeding had a significant negative association (-0.240, p=0.018) with baby weight and a downward trend was evident in baby Z-score for age exhibiting a risk of growth faltering in all infants. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of breastfeeding in Nairobi Kenya has remained considerably high. Working mothers are still committed to breastfeeding despite the long working hours of separation (mean 46.23 hours). However exclusive breastfeeding is low, recommendations are made for interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding and policies with strategies to enable working mothers to exclusively breastfeed for at least four months.
11
Lakati, Alice S. "Breastfeeding among working mothers in Nairobi." Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14042.
Full textAbstract:
Breastfeeding is the best food source for the nutritional and health needs of young children. However when a mother returns to work, breastfeeding may be discontinued prematurely. The purpose of this study was to study infant feeding practices used by working mothers in Nairobi. Mothers attending clinics at two hospitals, one a private hospital serving higher socioeconomic groups and the other a public hospital represented the low socioeconomic groups, were interviewed. A structured interview was held with 444 mothers (200 from the low socioeconomic group and 244 from the high socioeconomic group) between January 5th and February 11th 2000. All mothers with infants aged 16-48 weeks who were willing to participate were interviewed. The prevalence of breastfeeding at the time of the study was found to be 94.1%. The low socioeconomic group exhibited a higher prevalence of breastfeeding (99%) with a 10% difference between the low and high socioeconomic groups. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 13.3% at three months. Early introduction of other feeding methods was high, with 46.4% of the mothers introducing other feeding methods before one month. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors that were associated with exclusive breastfeeding using two separate models for exclusive breastfeeding at one month and two months. The mode of work (fixed working hours as opposed to shift work) was associated with exclusive breastfeeding for at least month (OR=0.45) and two months (OR=0.39). Insufficient milk and return to work were the main reasons cited for cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.Multiple linear regression was used to find out whether growth rates differed between feeding methods and types of foods for complementary feeding. Bottle-feeding had a significant negative association (-0.240, p=0.018) with baby weight and a downward trend was evident in baby Z-score for age exhibiting a risk of growth faltering in all infants. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of breastfeeding in Nairobi Kenya has remained considerably high. Working mothers are still committed to breastfeeding despite the long working hours of separation (mean 46.23 hours). However exclusive breastfeeding is low, recommendations are made for interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding and policies with strategies to enable working mothers to exclusively breastfeed for at least four months.
12
Psiwa, Nathan Kitio. "Perception of occlusal appearance in 11 to 12 year-old school children in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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A public orthodontic system generally is designed to prioritize patients so that those who have the greatest need receive treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective perceptions of the occlusal appearance of 11 to 12 year-old schoolchildren of Nairobi with the modified Aesthetic Component (AC) scale of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The objectives were to assess the children&rsquos perception of their occlusal appearance, categorise the occlusal appearance using the AC scale, by both the children and researcher
and to compare the children&rsquo
s&rsquo
perception and the AC of the IOTN.
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Okombo, D. Okot, and John Habu Habwe. "Pragmatic strategies in the use of Kiswahili demonstratives." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91112.
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This paper focuses on two spatial Kiswahili demontratives. In Kiswahili, demonstratives have been traditionally treated as morphosyntactic elements that modulate various elements and realize emphatic function. Demonstratives have also been studied as elements that express and facilitate cohesive relations and elements that realize deictic functions in discourse.
In this paper we look at Kiswahili demonstratives as used in the standard Kiswahili language in Nairobi city. We argue that besides the traditionally recognized functions, demonstratives in standard Kiswahili are also used to pass subtle discourse messages which can only be explained by taking into account the pragmatic strategies employed in the use of demonstratives in specific discourse settings.
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Makena, Njeru Sharon. "Improving governance to foster economic development: a case study of Nairobi City." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015679.
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Good governance is a critical element to economic development both at the local and national level. Devolution, which is a form of decentralization, is a means of achieving good governance if implemented appropriately. Government plays a pivotal role in the governance framework of a country. This study aimed at exploring how governance of Nairobi City can be improved under a devolved system of government to foster economic development. The study specifically looked at government effectiveness which is one of the Worldwide Governance Indicators. Through a literature review, the study looks at how devolution can improve governance, and what government effectiveness entails, not only from the World Bank perspective but also from other related literature. The major assumption of this study is that improved governance consequently leads to enhanced economic development, as argued by numerous scholars and practitioners in previous studies (Todaro and Smith, (2009) Mcneil and Malena, (2010) and UNDESA 2007). Furthermore, this study assumed that despite only focusing on one of the six indicators, an idea of good governance as a whole will be obtained. The study used a mix of qualitative and quantitative approach of a case study of Nairobi City. Nairobi City is not only a unit of devolution under the new constitution, but will also host the national government. Furthermore, it is also the financial stronghold of the country. Data was collected from two sets of respondents using two different instruments. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the citizenry, and face to face interviews were used to collect data from government officials. The questionnaire focused on capturing citizen perceptions on government effectiveness. Respondents were selected through convenient sampling at pre-determined service delivery points within Nairobi City. The face-to-face semi-structured interview gauged the level of government effectiveness of selected government institutions within Nairobi City. For the former instrument, the data was analyzed through SPSS and Microsoft Excel; and presented in tables, charts and graphs. For the latter, a descriptive discussion has been used to illustrate findings. The study found that government institutions within Nairobi to an extent have established mechanisms and systems to improve service delivery, and consequently promote government effectiveness. It is observable from the study that, the systems in place do not respond to the citizen needs and expectations as illustrated by a satisfaction index of 54 percent.
15
Miralles, Matthieu. "Les relations entre crise urbaine et infection à VIH-Sida à Nairobi, Kenya : approche géographique exploratoire." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30064.
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Selon des enquêtes réalisées au cours de la dernière décennie, la distribution géographique de l’infection à VIH-Sida à Nairobi serait marquée par des disparités qui coïncident avec les fortes inégalités socio-économiques et résidentielles qui dessinent la géographie de la pauvreté urbaine dans la capitale. L’infection à VIH-Sida a-t-elle trouvé un terreau favorable à sa transmission et à sa diffusion dans les zones d’habitat spontané qui parcourent la capitale et se développent selon un rythme impulsé par l’histoire et la géographie économique, politique et démographique du Kenya depuis l’indépendance ? La notion de crise urbaine pourrait être une clé de lecture de la distribution géographique de l’infection à VIH/sida à Nairobi. Cependant, au Kenya, la pauvreté, symptôme essentiel du phénomène de crise urbaine, ne se profile pas comme un déterminant systématique de la vulnérabilité à l’infection à VIH. La non-circoncision, les maladies sexuellement transmissibles (MST), les inégalités de genre et la violence conjugale ; la polygamie, interviennent également dans la diffusion de l’infection au Kenya. L’objectif de cette recherche est de démontrer la pertinence du concept de crise urbaine pour qualifier les contextes sociaux, économiques et urbains de Nairobi et l’impact des symptômes de cette crise urbaine sur les facteurs d’exposition et de transmission de l’infection à VIH. Ma recherche s’appuie sur une grille d’interprétation dont la pierre angulaire est formée par les manifestations de ce phénomène de crise, sans évacuer toutefois le poids de facteurs qui lui sont exogènes, qu’ils soient de nature socio-culturelle, démographique ou encore politiqueAccording to different surveys conducted during the last decade, the geographical distribution of HIV-AIDS in Nairobi would be characterised by disparities which coincide with the geography of urban poverty in Nairobi. The HIV prevalence seems to be higher in Nairobi slums compared to Nairobi as a whole. In the mean time, in Kenya poverty is not a systematic determinant of vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. To which extent can we explain HIV/AIDS disparities by poverty and urban crisis phenomenon epitomized by Nairobi slums ? The first objective of this research is to demonstrate the relevance of urban crisis concept to qualify the social, economic and urban context of Nairobi. The second objective is to find out links between urban crisis effects and factors associated to HIV/AIDS in Nairobi slums. My research is based on a model consisting of different effects of urban crisis –poverty, informal settlement, violence- and consider cultural and political factors as well
16
Mbatia, Teresa Wanjiru. "Social-Political analysis of urban greenspaces in Nairobi : Perspectives on the (re)production and (re)construction of spatial injustice in the consumption of public nature reserves in the city : A critical inquiry into outcomes of non-state actors interventions in the management and conservation of urban protected areas." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30068/document.
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Cette thèse est sur l’historique et contemporain, social, politique et économique des forces, qui ont conduit à la (re) production et (re) construction d’injustice spatiale, de la consommation des espaces verts publics socialement valorisées urbaines à Nairobi. À l’aide d’un cadre de l’écologie politique urbaine (EPU), l’étude examine les forces structurant et les acteurs qui ont déterminé et continuent à la forme, les caractéristiques et les tendances, d’utilisation et accès, de la nature urbaine se réserve dans la ville. La question de recherche central de l’étude est, quels sont les processus sociaux, politiques et économiques passés et présents qui déterminent l’utilisation et l’accès des espaces verts urbains pour différents groupes sociaux à Nairobi? L’étude a été guidée par trois objectifs principaux : (1) d’enquêter sur le contexte historique, dynamique, sociale, politique et économique, impliqué dans les espaces verts urbains de création à Nairobi ; (2) afin d’étudier les politiques passées et présentes et des législations guidant l’utilisation, gestion et conservation de l’urbain protégé des zones, ainsi que les résultats des législations pour différents groupes sociaux et (3) d’examiner les résultats sociaux des interventions de l’acteur non étatique, dans la conservation et la gestion des aires protégées urbaines, sur l’utilisation et l’accès des espaces verts urbains publics, pour différents groupes sociaux. L’approche méthodologique utilisée était l’histoire de l’environnement et de la construction sociale de la nature. L’étude a recueilli des données qualitatives et analyse les informations à l’aide d’un style d’analyse critique du discours. Le premier argument que rend la thèse est que les inégalités sociales et spatiales dans l’utilisation et l’accès nos espaces verts urbains à Nairobi se fonde sur l’histoire urbaine de la ville coloniale, fondée par les impérialistes britanniques et mis au point à l’aide de la ségrégation raciale institutionnalisée, comme la principale stratégie de planification et de gestion urbaine. Basé sur un examen critique des résultats sociaux, des politiques et législations dans la période postcoloniale, je fais le deuxième argument que les gouvernements post indépendantes et moyens, a continué à reproduire injuste nos espaces verts urbains, en omettant de traiter l’oppression et l’autocratie, construit dans les forces structurantes et les institutions, hérités de l’administration coloniale. Par conséquent, pendant une longue période après l’indépendance, autre désenchantement des groupes sociaux vulnérables et marginalisés ont continué, limitant leur utilisation équitable et l’accès des ressources naturelles socialement valorisées. Le discours de l’époque est qu’ouverture aux acteurs non étatiques, augmentera les possibilités pour les groupes sociaux marginalisés et vulnérables, soient habilitées à prendre des décisions sur la gestion et l’utilisation durable des ressources. On croit que cela permettra aux collectivités de durablement pour utiliser et accéder aux ressources naturelles, réduire la pauvreté, améliorer les moyens de subsistance, prestation de services et améliorer la conservation et gestion. Ainsi, environ de la dernière décennie un, indépendant des gouvernements ont modifié leurs politiques, par l’ouverture à la participation du public dans la gestion et la conservation de la nature urbaine se réserve notamment dans la ville. Ces changements dans la politique font partie des déplacements plus loin le gouvernement de l’État centré, vers une autonomisation locale, conformément à la Constitution du Kenya a récemment promulgué (CoK) 2010. L’idée maîtresse de la thèse vient ici, où j’ai une question l’affirmation que la participation citoyenne permettra d’améliorer la justice sociale et spatialeThis thesis is about the historical and contemporary social, political and economic forces, that have led to the (re)production and (re)construction of spatial injustice, in the consumption of socially valued public urban green spaces in Nairobi. Using an Urban Political Ecology (UPE) framework, the study investigates the structuring forces and actors that have determined and continue to shape, patterns and trends, of use and access, of urban nature reserves in the city. The central research question of the study is, what are the past and present social, political and economic processes that determine use and access of urban greenspaces for different social user groups in Nairobi? The study was guided by three main objectives: (1) To investigate the historical context, that is, social, political and economic dynamics, involved in the creation urban greenspaces in Nairobi; (2) To investigate the past and present, policies and legislations guiding the use, management and conservation of the urban protected areas, as well as the outcomes of the legislations for different social user groups and (3) To examine the social outcomes of non-state actor’s interventions, in the conservation and management of urban protected areas, on use and access of public urban green spaces, for different social user groups. The methodological approach used was environmental history and the social construction of nature. The study collected qualitative data and analysed the information using a critical discourse analysis style. The first argument the thesis makes is that social and spatial inequalities in use and access urban greenspaces in Nairobi is grounded on the city’s colonial urban history, as founded by the British imperialists and developed using institutionalised racial segregation, as the main strategy for urban planning and management. Based on a critical review of the social outcomes, of policies and legislations in the post-colonial period, I make the second argument that the early and middle post-independent governments, continued to reproduce unjust urban greenspaces, by failing to address the oppression and autocracy, built in the structuring forces and institutions, inherited from the colonial government. Therefore, for a long time after independence, further disenfranchisement of vulnerable and marginalised social groups continued, limiting their equitable use and access of socially valued natural resources. The contemporary discourse is that opening up to non-state actors, will increase opportunities for the marginalised and vulnerable social groups, to be empowered in making decisions on sustainable resource use and management. It is believed that this will enable communities to sustainably use and access natural resources, reduce poverty, improve livelihoods, service delivery and enhance conservation and management. Thus, approximately for the past one decade, the post-independent governments have changed their policies, by opening up to public participation in management and conservation of urban nature reserves including in the city. These changes in policy are part of the wider shifts away from the state centred government, towards local empowerment, in line with the recently promulgated Constitution of Kenya (CoK) 2010. The main thrust of the thesis comes here, where I question the assertion that citizen participation will enhance social and spatial justice. Therefore, a larger part of the thesis investigates the social outcomes of interventions by non-state actors in management and conservation of the urban nature reserves, on different social user groups
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Malan, Andre De Merindol. "Adaptive urbanism : shaping rapid growth in Nairobi." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107313.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page [103]).
Within the past half century many African nations regained independence and in the process, imported various development models from the Western World. Joan Clos, Under-Secretary General of the United Nations claims "it is now evident that all these models have failed to achieve the goals that African nations had set themselves". Considering these past failures along with rapidly increasing urbanization rates, a poor economic outlook and on-going vulnerability to natural disasters, the need for reconsidering urban strategies is more pressing than ever. The relatively nascent state of urbanization on the subcontinent should be see as an opportunity to embrace new paradigms of urban development. No African city is more poised to become a test bed for change than East Africa's center for innovation and globally connected capital of Kenya - Nairobi. The thesis proposes a project for the Nairobi metropolitan region. A current population of 8 million people is set to double by 2050. And, by some estimates, up to 60% of these people currently live or work outside of the formal sector. The project unfolds across scales, from global and regional concerns down to housing clusters. Richard Neuwirth's notion of harnessing the power of the informal plays out here by carefully calibrating how much public participation or indeterminacy is built into the interventions at each scale. Housing types and clusters have endless permutations while the regional plan is centrally instated. The design project resonates with the New Town movement in scale and ambition, specifically in cases where these ideas were exported to the Global South in the fifties and early sixties. It also embodies a critique of these projects Utopian visions that sought to 'solve' the 'problem' of the city and the totalizing approach these took.
by Andre De Merindol Malan.
S.M.
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Mukandoli, Kumuntu. "Predisposing factors of chronic low back pain (CLBP) among sedentary office workers (SOW) in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic low back pain is a highly prevalent condition in industrialized nations. It is associated with activity limitations, disability, has significant economic impact on society and incurs personal cost. Today's working environment increasingly demands more time spent sitting due to computerization and other advances in technology. Sitting for hours without taking breaks may influence posture, and alignment of the lumbar spine. Therefore, it may influence low back pain. Kenya as a developing country has an increasing number of people involved in sedentary work. The aim of this study was to identify the predisposing factors of chronic low back pain among sedentary office workers in Nairobi. The main objectives were to establish the prevalence of chronc low back painto determine the possible predisposing factors of chronic low back pain and to determine the impact of chronic low back pain on work related quality of life among sedentary office workers in Nairobi, Kenya.
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Ng'uurah, Julius Nyagah. "Health education needs among individuals with low back pain." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
The prevalence of low back pain has assumed an upsurge trend in the last five decades despite the many interventional strategies. One interventional strategy that has been unsuccessful has been patient education. Lack of positive results from many of the existing patient education programmes is probably due to the type of health information that has been presented and the method that has been used. Many of the health education programmes have been planned according to what the medical professionals assumed the individuals needed to know, assumptions that could have ignored some crucial aspects. This study explored the perceived health education needs of individuals with low back pain at the Nairobi Hospital Rehabilitation Unit in Kenya, the method used to educate the individuals, the appropriateness of the method according to the individuals in addition to identifying the source of the health education that the individuals had.
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Voellmecke, Lesley. "Women and Housing Co-operatives in Nairobi, Kenya." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20191.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the potential of housing co-operatives to provide adequate housing for women, focusing on the context of Nairobi, Kenya. The limitations of the current approaches to housing provision in Kenya are discussed, along with their gendered implications. A review of the potential benefits which housing co-operatives provide for women is conducted. As part of this examination, a multi-scalar analysis of the housing co-operative sector in Kenya illuminates the role of gender mainstreaming policies and their role in addressing discrimination and inequality in the housing sector in Kenya. A case study of Rooftops Canada’s gender mainstreaming work in Kenya is used to provide examples of gender mainstreaming work being undertaken in the housing co-operative sector. This case study also provides insight into the role of international donors in gender equality work in Kenya’s housing co-operative sector.
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Rharade, Abdelhag. "Itinéraires socio-éducatifs des apprentis dans les ateliers de production de biens et de services à Nairobi." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010545.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours de cette thèse nous avons cherché à porter un regard critique sur les systèmes d'éducation et de formation au Kenya, à étudier les modes d'accès à l'apprentissage et à analyser les processus d'intégration professionnelle. Cette recherche nous a permis de fournir les propriétés sociales des individus, d'illustrer la représentation de leur parcours et de rendre compréhensible leur rapport à l'apprentissage en fonction du cadre de référence défini par un système de contraintes qui résulte des dysfonctions de l'éducation scolaire associées aux problèmes d'insertion professionnelle des jeunes sans qualifications. La reconstitution des étapes menant aux activités de production de biens et de service, appelés Jua Kali à Nairobi, révèle la forte dépendance des jeunes envers leur milieu d'appartenance. Les entretiens ont permis de mettre en relief des logiques d'action plus ou moins stables, en continuité ou en rupture par rapport aux facteurs déterminants et aux étapes marquantes des itinéraires des apprentis. Ces logiques rendent compte du procès de socialisation, selon le degré d'acceptation ou de refus soit de l'activité soit du milieu Jua Kali, et montrent que l'entrée en apprentissage n'est pas toujours un choix mais résulte d'un ensemble de contraintes socioéconomiques. Cela traduit en même temps les possibilités d'avenir en fonction de la représentation de soi et des projets envisages par les jeunes. Pendant qu'ils acquièrent des qualifications techniques et participent à la production, les jeunes anticipent leur avenir en intériorisant les références symboliques du statut d'artisan indépendant. Atteindre ce statut confère une reconnaissance sociale valorisante aux yeux des petits producteurs qui revendiquent l'identité Jua Kali à travers la symbolique de l'indépendance. Les individus intériorisent le modèle de l'artisan indépendant en raison des incertitudes du marché du travail ou pour marquer leur autonomie à l'égard du milieu d'appartenance.
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Okombo, D. Okot, and John Habu Habwe. "Pragmatic strategies in the use of Kiswahili demonstratives." Swahili Forum 14 (2007), S. 81-88, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11502.
Full textAbstract:
This paper focuses on two spatial Kiswahili demontratives. In Kiswahili, demonstratives have been traditionally treated as morphosyntactic elements that modulate various elements and realize emphatic function. Demonstratives have also been studied as elements that express and facilitate cohesive relations and elements that realize deictic functions in discourse.
In this paper we look at Kiswahili demonstratives as used in the standard Kiswahili language in Nairobi city. We argue that besides the traditionally recognized functions, demonstratives in standard Kiswahili are also used to pass subtle discourse messages which can only be explained by taking into account the pragmatic strategies employed in the use of demonstratives in specific discourse settings.
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Rodriguez-Torres, Deyssi. "Lutte pour la vie et lutte pour la ville : crise urbaine politique urbaine et pauvreté à Nairobi." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1D018.
Full text
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Rodriguez-Torres, Deyssi. "Lutte pour la vie et lutte pour la ville : crise urbaine politique urbaine et pauvreté à Nairobi." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR40018.
Full text
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Kisavi-Atatah, Catherine. "Perspectives of Women in Nairobi Kenya Toward Malaria Control." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640493.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria infection has been and continues to be a serious public health concern that has mystified many in the public health care industry. One area in Sub Saharan Africa that continues to feel the devastating effects of malaria is in Nairobi, Kenya. This qualitative research study explored the attitudes of women in Nairobi, Kenya and how they view intervention measures already introduced by public health care experts in fighting malaria. The phenomenological research approach used purposeful sampling to recruit 16 women from Nairobi, Kenya to participate in semi-structured, open-ended interviews. The ecological systems theory was used as a lens of analysis to help illuminate the views of women on already-introduced malaria intervention measures in Nairobi, Kenya. Nvivo 10 helped manage data and the interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze data and identify themes and subthemes through coding. The findings from this study indicate that (a) there is a disconnect within the systems, especially between public health officials and ordinary citizens, and (b) ordinary citizens felt that intervention measures already introduced have not been effectively implemented. The recommendations derived from the study will improve relationships between public health officials and ordinary citizens in order to effectively implement malaria control measures already introduced. This study will benefit public health officials, ordinary citizens in Nairobi, and other health care providers all over the world. This study contributes to social positive change by providing greater insight on already-introduced mosquito intervention measures.
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Ngayai, Bernard K. "Job Satisfaction of Faculty at Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332647/.
Full textAbstract:
This study was planned to increase understanding of job satisfaction among faculty in middle size universities. The problem was job satisfaction and its association with selected demographic characteristics of faculty at Kenyatta University, second largest university in Nairobi. There was a response rate of 52.6 percent. All of the 300 faculty members with the rank of professor, associate professor, assistant professor, lecturer and teaching fellow participated in this research. Two instruments were used to collect data from the participating faculty. The first instrument was a demographic data sheet that solicited personal data from faculty. The second instrument was a standardized six dimensional survey instrument, the Job Descriptive Index (JDI). Both survey instruments were handed out in an envelope to all faculty by the researcher. The findings showed that most faculty were satisfied with their job in areas of co-workers and job in general. They seemed dissatisfied with the area of opportunities for promotion. The findings further demonstrated that most faculty were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their present work, present pay, and supervision. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the selected demographic variables of age, professional rank, and nationality were associated with job satisfaction. Scheffé's Multiple Comparison test and Newman-Keuls procedure were used to analyze differences in satisfaction among groups. The results showed that professors and lecturers were significantly more satisfied with their coworkers than were the assistant professors. Faculty members' gender, marital status, years of experience, tenure status, academic degree and area of interest did not influence job satisfaction. It is recommended that future research to determine an appropriate system of promotions structure and faculty growth and development be initiated.
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Peck, RaShelle R. "Imperfect Resistance: Embodied Performances in Nairobi Underground Hip Hop." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397664120.
Full text
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Kisavi-Atatah, Catherine. "Perspectives of Women in Nairobi Kenya Toward Malaria Control." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1155.
Full textAbstract:
Malaria infection has been and continues to be a serious public health concern that has mystified many in the public health care industry. One area in Sub Saharan Africa that continues to feel the devastating effects of malaria is in Nairobi, Kenya. This qualitative research study explored the attitudes of women in Nairobi, Kenya and how they view intervention measures already introduced by public health care experts in fighting malaria. The phenomenological research approach used purposeful sampling to recruit 16 women from Nairobi, Kenya to participate in semi-structured, open-ended interviews. The ecological systems theory was used as a lens of analysis to help illuminate the views of women on already-introduced malaria intervention measures in Nairobi, Kenya. Nvivo 10 helped manage data and the interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze data and identify themes and subthemes through coding. The findings from this study indicate that (a) there is a disconnect within the systems, especially between public health officials and ordinary citizens, and (b) ordinary citizens felt that intervention measures already introduced have not been effectively implemented. The recommendations derived from the study will improve relationships between public health officials and ordinary citizens in order to effectively implement malaria control measures already introduced. This study will benefit public health officials, ordinary citizens in Nairobi, and other health care providers all over the world. This study contributes to social positive change by providing greater insight on already-introduced mosquito intervention measures.
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Wachira, Wanjungu. "The effects of outsourcing practices conducted by organisations in Nairobi." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4988.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between outsourcing and development in Nairobi. The key research question for this study is what are the impacts of outsourcing practices conducted by organisations in Nairobi? Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed in December 2010. A total of 85 profit-making firms in Nairobi with a sample of 165 management employees were selected for this study. The empirical findings obtained relate to four outsourcing theories. Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA) Theory focuses on the cost savings that result from outsourcing. Agency Outsourcing Theory centres on outsourcing firms hiring agents to achieve productivity. Hiring agents may result in permanent staff being retrenched and additional outsourcing personnel being contracted and job creation and/or job loss results. Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT) emphasises the importance of an outsourcing provider conforming to quality management principles. Resource Based Theory (RBT) proposes that organisations need a collection of resources and capabilities to execute outsourcing successfully. Findings further suggested that outsourcing can yield positive and/or negative outcomes depending on risks encountered, the business environment, company policies, function/s to be outsourced, and the competence and commitment of an outsourcing vendor. To further enhance the positive impact of outsourcing three improvements need to be executed: formulation of standard policies, price regulations, and commitment of outsourcing firms in adhering to set contract deadlines. It is suggested that the following would allow organisations to gain more from outsourcing in the future: the adoption of international/offshore outsourcing practices, more commitment by outsourcing consultants, the standardisation of charges for outsourcing contracts, and the use of new technology that would improve how outsourcing is conducted. It is concluded that the positive impacts of outsourcing would foster development to some extent while the possible negative impact of outsourcing would impede development.
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Osborn, Michelle. "Authority in a Nairobi slum : chiefs and bureaucracy in Kibera." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573588.
Full textAbstract:
This ethnography focuses on the contemporary existence of chiefs'in Kenya as situated in the longue duree of colonial and post-colonial history, tracing how sl)ifting Kenyan rule has contributed to chiefs' changing authority. Kenya's chiefs offer a unique lens for exploring urban govemance and the establishment and negotiation of local authority and legitimacy. Chiefs form the foundation of Kenya's Provincial Administration, which has remained the comerstone of the Kenya state and local govemance since its colonial inception. However, . chiefs' sovereignty has become increasingly fragmented over the last twenty years, particularly within urban areas, through the reintroduction of multi-party politics, the politicized mobilization of militant youth, and policy amendments related to chiefs' authority. This study is set in Kibera, which is one of the oldest and largest urban settlements in Nairobi, and where Kenya's flourishing political pluralism is particularly evident. Historical and political forces converge in Kibera to reveal changing and negotiated interactions between state and local actors. Chiefs struggle to negotiate authority and legitimacy; nevertheless they remain crucial to contemporary urban govemance at the local level. Providing a study of the Kenyan state in practice, this dissertation accounts for the creation of chiefs as well as their changing role within the evolution of the Provincial Administration. This study also enhances understanding of govemance within informal settlements through its examination of the history of local authority in Kibera, and in particular the way local authority has been contested and continues to change. The contemporary role of chiefs in Kibera is ultimately that of petty bureaucrats. How this role is conducted and its limitations are examined through case studies that range from the banality of bureaucracy to violence and civil unrest. As the first historically situated, ethnographic account of Kenya's urban chiefs, this study contributes to our understanding of governance in practice and reveals how the colonial imprint remains visible within the postcolonial state.
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Baird, Jennifer. "Poverty and wellbeing among older people in Nairobi slum settlements." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/368190/.
Full textAbstract:
Levels of poverty and wellbeing among older people in poor, urban settings in Africa have been under-researched, yet absolute numbers of older people are set to increase in this continent in the coming decades. The urban experience of wellbeing for older people is relatively unknown as research tends to focus on older people residing in rural places. This study addresses this research gap and investigates patterns of poverty and wellbeing among older people in two slum settlements in Nairobi. The study uses data collected by the African Population and Health Research Centre. Livelihood information for households in a demographic surveillance system operating in two Nairobi slums is combined with data from a survey on the social, health and overall wellbeing of older people. Absolute expenditure poverty and expenditure quintiles are calculated to build a money-metric poverty profile of the older people. Sensitivity analyses of the poverty estimates are also calculated to explore different assumptions of equivalence scales. A multidimensional conceptual framework then measures how older people’s wellbeing varies across a range of different dimensions. Two-thirds (66%) of older people in the two slum settlements are living in absolute material poverty. Within the slums there are also significant differences in absolute poverty among older people. Wellbeing is found to vary greatly within dimensions and across them; overall, there are disadvantages for women and the oldest old in terms of poverty and wellbeing. Formal support mechanisms are limited with few older people receiving a pension. Conversely, informal reciprocal familial support patterns are strong with many older people giving support to other members of their family. Levels of absolute poverty are high, suggesting that policies should be targeted here to reduce poverty. The different dimensions of wellbeing also indicate that non-monetary policy interventions should be considered.
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Muindi, Kanyiva. "Air pollution in Nairobi slums : sources, levels and lay perceptions." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138293.
Full textAbstract:
Background Air quality in Africa has remained a relatively under-researched field. Most of the African population is dependent on biomass for cooking and heating, with most of the combustion happening in low efficiency stoves in unvented kitchens. The resulting high emissions are compounded by ingress from poor outdoor air in a context of poor emissions controls. The situation is dire in slum households where homes are crowded and space is limited, pushing households to cook in the same room that is used for sleeping. This study assessed the levels of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter £ 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in slum households and people's perceptions of and attitudes towards air pollution and health risks of exposure in two slum areas, Viwandani and Korogocho, in the Nairobi city. Methods The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative study, we used structured questionnaires to collect data about the source of air pollution among adults aged 18 years and above and pregnant women residing in the two study communities. We used the DustTrak™ air samplers to monitor the indoor PM2.5 levels in selected households. We also collected data on community perceptions on air pollution, annoyance and associated health risks. We presented hotspot maps to portray the spatial distribution of perceptions on air pollution in the study areas. For the qualitative study, we conducted focus group discussions with adult community members. Groups were disaggregated by age to account for different languages used to communicate with the younger and older people. We analysed the qualitative data using thematic analysis. Results Household levels of PM2.5 varied widely across households and ranged from 1 to 12,369μg/m3 (SD=287.11). The household levels of PM2.5 levels were likely to exceed the WHO guidelines given the high levels observed in less than 24 hours of monitoring periods (on average 10.4 hours in Viwandani and 11.8 hours in Korogocho). Most of the respondents did not use ventilation use in the evening which coincided with the use of cookstove and lamp, mostly burning kerosene. The levels of PM2.5 varied by the type of fuels, with the highest emissions in households using kerosene for cooking and lighting. The PM2.5 levels spiked in the evenings and during periods of cooking using charcoal/wood. Despite these high levels, residents perceived indoor air to be less polluted compared with the outdoor air, possibly due to the presence of large sources of emissions near the communities such as dumpsites and industries. The community had mixed perceptions on the health impacts of air pollution, with respiratory illnesses perceived as the main consequence while vector or sanitation related diseases such as diarrhoea was also perceived to be related to air pollution. Conclusions With poor housing and reliance on dirty fuels, households in slums face potentially high levels of exposure to PM2.5 with dire implications on health. To address the poor perception on air pollution and knowledge gaps on the health effects of air pollution, education programs need to be developed and tailored. These programs should aim to provide residents with information on air quality and its impact on the health; what they can do as communities as well as empower them to reach out to government/stakeholders for action on outdoor sources of pollution such as emissions from dumpsites or industries. The government has a larger role in addressing some of the key pollution sources through policy formulation and strong implementation/enforcement.
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Lowe, Lucy. "Displacement, maternity, and onward migration among Somalis in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/32555.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides an anthropological account of the relationship between experiences of migration and reproduction among Somalis living in Nairobi, Kenya, specifically the complex relationship between motherhood and migration, and the intricacies of balancing the significance and consequences of both. Due to their legally ambiguous and often volatile status, many Somalis did not perceive Kenya as a 'durable solution' for settlement, instead locating themselves within an ongoing process of migration, and as part of a fluid yet highly connected transnational diaspora. This thesis draws on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork in Eastleigh, the 'Little Mogadishu' area of Nairobi, with Somali women and their families, as well as medical practitioners, NGOs, UN agencies, and governmental bodies, during which I followed how reproductive decisions were made and medical facilities were navigated within a context of displacement. In this thesis I unpack what it means to exist as a 'refugee', 'a migrant', and 'a Somali' within Kenya, as well as the significance of living within a global diaspora community. I analyse (re)creations of 'home' through the temporal appropriation of space, as well as the reproduction of the nation within a context of displacement. I argue that in order to understand how women experience migration, it is essential to understand how they identify themselves within their own transnational family and clan networks as women, wives, and mothers. By illuminating how women protect and act upon their own social positions, this thesis will analyse interwoven concepts of beauty, morality, and motherhood, with a particular focus on how these were entwined with perceptions of both Islam and the Somali nation. Finally, a detailed ethnographic exploration of how women and their families navigated fertility, pregnancy, and childbirth, while simultaneously accounting for possibilities of onward migration, will shed light on the body as a site at which matters of kinship, migration and the future were negotiated. Drawing these issues together, and situating them within medical and political anthropology, this thesis argues that maternity and motherhood are points at which concepts of kinship, religion, citizenship, and gender are intricately interwoven and crucially tethered to strategies for onward migration.
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K'Akumu, Owiti A. "The enabling environment for artisanal dimension stone in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90665/the-enabling-environment-for-artisanal-dimension-stone-in-nairobi-kenya.
Full textAbstract:
This study considered the enabling environment of artisanal dimension stone (i.e. blocks cut and shaped from natural rock using hand tools) for building in Nairobi, Kenya. It relied on the sociotechnical system theory to capture the forces (variables) that influence the business/enabling environment of the building material. The socio-technical perspective was necessary because hitherto existing literature had only considered the archi-technical, patho-technical, geotechnical, archaeo-technical and eco-technical perspectives. The study sought to explore the organizational structure of the construction industry in Kenya and profile the internal structure and the external environment of artisanal dimension stone producing units so as to identify and ascertain the socio-technical forces (variables) influencing the production and use of the stone. The study further sought to analyse the interrelationships among the identified forces in order to suggest adjustments to the enabling environment. The study applied PEST analysis techniques (including stakeholder and factor analyses) to characterise the enabling environment. The research took place in two main stages: exploratory and conclusive. The exploratory study involved the use of ethnographical methods (unstructured interviews and participant observation), analysis of secondary data and literature review so as to come up with theoretical propositions that further were tested conclusively through quantitative research using factor analysis. Data for factor analysis were obtained through structured interview conducted among relevant stakeholders of the building industry (i.e. stone producers, architects, quantity surveyors, contractors, and structural engineers) operating in Nairobi. The outputs of the study include: a profile of the business of the construction industry in Nairobi (Chapter 5), a profile of the internal structure and the external environment of artisanal stone producing units (Chapter 6) and a factor analytic model of the enabling environment of artisanal dimension stone (Chapter 7). Factor analysis that forms the conclusive part of the study has demonstrated that the enabling environment is relatively hostile. Further it has established the three levels of analysis proposed by Bertalanffy i.e. the number of system elements, the typology (variability) of system elements, and the interrelations among system elements. The study has also made certain policy recommendations in response to the hostile nature of the enabling environment: including the formation of an association by the producing unit, the formation of a marketing cooperative by the producing units and the cessation of blasting as a method of cutting rock.
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Atoyebi, Peter Olusola. "From stagnation to revitalization : A study of select turnaround churches in the urban context of Nairobi, Kenya / P.O. Atoyebi." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4508.
Full textAbstract:
The city of Nairobi, Kenya, is plagued by the aching problem of multitudes of stagnant
churches cramping the metropolis amidst a few mega churches. This research aims to
identify the factors of revitalization in selected churches that have succeeded in bringing
about a turnaround in this urban context and to propose a model feasible for revitalizing
stagnant churches in the city. The researcher wants to go beyond acknowledging the urban
church growth problem of stagnation by seeking to understand the perceptions of
numerical growth amongst church leaders and the members of six selected churches that
have undergone a turnaround in Nairobi. These churches are: African Inland Church; All
Nations Gospel Church; Deliverance Church; Gospel Revival Centre Church; Pentecostal
Assemblies of God; and Uthiru Pentecostal Church.
Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods, questionnaires were
administered to 600 randomly selected church members from six selected churches, while
face-to-face interviews were conducted with 100 pastors and church leaders. The analysis
of both research instruments led to the discovery of perceptions of what constitutes the
factors of stagnation and revitalization at the different stages of each congregation. In
order to develop a proposed model of revitalization for the metropolis, eight critical
elements of revitalization common to all the churches were identified and analysed as
normative turnaround elements. Two groups of supplementary factors of revitalization
were noted in addition: common factors that address converts’ entry points and
membership expectations, and non-common issues that may not be applicable universally,
but nevertheless play significant roles in church growth, depending on the context and
strategy that a local congregation opts for.
The research contributes to the understanding of urban mission work and church growth
within the context of a growing African metropolis like Nairobi. A few urban mega
churches colour the perception of missiologists and church historians on the plight of
sprawling stagnant congregations on the African continent. The implication that this holds
for urban missio Dei is the wholesale marketing and misapplication of the strategies used
by big churches to small congregations, leading to an increased decline in membership and
eventual retardation of the salvation of the city. Furthermore, the city church perceives
spiritual growth to be subsumed in the pursuit of numerical growth, and that God is where the ‘church’ is, leading to a gulf between growth and grace in the urban mission work of
Nairobi.
Churches stagnate not because of a lack of external inducement to growth (the existence of
which is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition to church growth), but the absence
of internal growth dynamics. This originates with a weak and non-credible pastor that has
lost vision and passion for sacrificial ministry to a congregation that is adrift in the church
boat of socio-political wrangling and misplaced kingdom priorities. The church begins to
grow when it starts to act out its calling as salt and light in the world. Again, churches
grow inside out and the turnaround experience is a product of strong pastoral leadership
that is surrounded by a balanced mix of well mobilized and enabled members serving in
all units of church ministries.
When set in motion, such a revitalization process will propel the urban church to both
quantitative and qualitative growth that would prepare it in readiness for its place in the
New Jerusalem where “all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues” will gather
with the shout of the final hallelujah “to him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb” that
“was slain to receive power and wealth and wisdom and strength and honour and glory
and praise” (Rev. 5:12, 13).Thesis (Ph.D. (Missiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Ferrari, Aurélia. "Description et analyse sociolinguistique du sheng, langue mixte parlée à Nairobi (Kenya)." Paris, INALCO, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INAL0004.
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Cette thèse consacrée à l'étude du parler sheng part de l'hypothèse qu'il s'agit d'un swahili véhiculaire qui, au contact de nombreuses langues (en autre, anglais et langues locales) et en l'absence d'un nombre important de locuteurs légitimes a permis en l'espace de 40 ans, l'émergence d'une langue urbaine hybride devenue langue première chez des enfants et des jeunes des quartiers pauvres. Il s'agira, par la description et la comparaison avec les autres systèmes linguistiques en contact, de prouver qu'il s'agit d'une langue à part entière possédant une structure propre. Cette structure est en partie mais non totalement fixée du fait de sa jeunesse et de son contact toujours permanent avec les langues qui en sont à son origine. L'analyse sociolinguistique exposera les pratiques, les représentations linguistiques et les vecteurs de la propagation du sheng, dont le rap local qui jouerait un rôle non négligeable. Cette thèse comporte également une analyse des types d'erreurs liées à la pratique du sheng dans les rédactions en swahili d'élèves des quartiers pauvres de Nairobi. Une analyse ici est entamée sur le fait que des situations en partie semblables bien que basées sur des langues totalement différentes peuvent engendrer des phénomènes plus ou moins comparables, d'où l'importance de la recherche sur les langues nouvelles hybrides telles le nouchi d'Abidjan, le francolof de Dakar ou l'hindoubill de BrazzavilleThis doctoral dissertation concerning the study of Sheng, starts with the hypothesis that Sheng comes from a vehicular Swahili which in contact with others languages (local and international languages) and in absence of an important number of legitimate speakers, has become, in about 40 years, a new urban mixed language. This language has grown to be the first language of some children and young people in poor areas. This study will show by the description and the comparison with others linguistic systems in contact that Sheng can be considered as a language on its own, with its own structure. . . . ). The socio-linguistic analysis will set out the linguistic practices and representations and the vectors of Sheng spreading, among others the local rap which doesn't have a negligible function. This thesis contains also an analysis of the error types linked with Sheng practice in Swahili dissertations of students in schools of poor areas of Nairobi. A hypothesis here is done concerning the fact that situations partly similar although based on different language groups can create phenomenon more or less comparable. Accordingly, the research on new mixed languages as Nouchi in Abidjan, Franlof in Dakar or Hindoubill in Brazzaville should developed and has to be taken seriously
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Bradfield, Sarah-Jane. "A critical discourse analysis of the Daily Nation and the Standard’s news coverage of the 2007/2008 Kenyan elections." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63437.
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This study investigates the Daily Nation and Standard’s news coverage of Kenya’s 2007/2008 general election and the unprecedented eruptions of violence which followed. This research responds to the question which came about as Kenyan print journalists and editors considered their role in possibly contributing to the violence, which took on an ethnic dimension. Vernacular radio has been fingered for having escalated longstanding ethnic tensions, but the role of the press has not been fully understood. In the aftermath of the violence, print journalists and editors met over a series of Round Table events in Nairobi to consider whether their conduct during the election could have encouraged violence. Although ten years have passed since this incidence, much of what happened within the Kenyan print media during and after the 2007/2008 general election remains unexplored and, largely, unexplained today. Although the pre- and post-election phases spanned months, my research is confined to purposive samples from a four-week period from 3 December 2007 to 4 January 2008. These four weeks were selected as they are roughly representative of the three phases of the national election which are considered significant to this study, namely the pre-election phase, the election, and the post-election violence. The research is concerned with analysing and understanding the coverage in the two dailies, the Daily Nation and Standard, and comparing the discursive work of the two, particularly in relation to identity and ethnicity. This study draws on cultural studies, critical discourse analysis and normative theories of the media to inform the research project. The critical discourse analysis explores the discourses articulated during and after the election, with a particular focus on issues of identity, ethnicity and incitement. Through this process the study found that both publications avoided references to ethnicity, despite this being an important factor in Kenyan politics and voter behaviour. In analysing these issues the study found that while the publications might claim to attempt to avoid fuelling tensions by not reporting on ethnicity, the disavowal comprised a silence which positioned the press in a collaborative role, in which it colluded with a powerful Kenyan state. Although a significant amount of time has gone by since the 2007/2008 elections, this study still considers the event significant in understanding the conduct of journalists during times of violence, and specifically for the future of journalism in Kenya.
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Kibet, Jepkemoi Joanne. "Prevalence of physical inactivity among school going adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8233_1203413629.
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In developing economies and specifically Sub-Saharan Africa physical inactivity has been identified as a risk factor along with tobacco use, poor nutrition and poor diet as this has increasingly formed part of today&rsquo
s lifestyle. Physical activity declines with age this decline is more marked during the adolescent period. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and factors associated with it among adolescents in
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Omoto, William Opiyo. "Smallholder dairy farming land use in the Nairobi metropolitan region Kenya." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516464.
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McFie, James Boyd. "High quality financial reporting : the case of the Nairobi Stock Exchange." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21664.
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This thesis investigates, firstly, the meaning of the phrase "high quality financial reporting". The use of the phrase in the academic literature, and by professional and regulatory bodies, is examined critically to contribute to a deeper understanding of the phrase. Disclosure in the annual reports of all 47 companies listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange is examined to see if it can be described as "high quality". "High quality disclosure" is measured in three ways: (1) a disclosure index is developed to measure compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (this index is also used to measure disclosure in the interim report); (2) a disclosure index developed by Standard and Poor's to measure Transparency and Disclosure is used; (3) these are compared with the scores achieved by the same annual reports in the Financial Reporting Excellence Award 2003, decided by adjudicators in Kenya. The thesis also investigates the association between selected corporate characteristics and "high quality disclosure". Testable hypotheses are formulated based on disclosure theories and prior studies: univariate and linear regression analysis are used to test whether significant independent variables explain "high quality disclosure", with the aim of contributing to understanding the applicability of disclosure theories to a capital market in a developing country. Interview research is employed to explore further matters related to "high quality financial reporting" in this developing country setting and to complement the quantitative analysis, so as to contribute to understanding the relevance of International Financial Reporting Standards in achieving high quality disclosure in this capital market. Conclusions are made as to the usefulness of accounting theories and other influences in explaining "high quality disclosure" by Nairobi Stock Exchange companies. A definition of "high quality disclosure" is proposed. The implications of the research, its contribution and its limitations are discussed. Suggestions for further research are presented.
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Wanjiru, Kamunyori Sheila. "The politics of space : negotiating tenure security in a Nairobi slum." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3681/.
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Slum upgrading is a planning intervention where the state, in the process of upgrading an informal space, is seen as delivering tenure security to the residents in that space. This dissertation investigates the making legible of an informal space in Nairobi by analysing the processes and outcomes of a slum upgrading project and the consequent impact on tenure security. Using a qualitative, case study approach, I begin by analysing the production of the Korogocho slum and the practices that contributed to the production of the informal space. Next I examine two processes within the slum upgrading intervention aimed at making legible the space and the people, processes that are distinctively grounded in modernist planning: preparing a physical plan and conducting enumeration. I show how during these processes different rationalities, or ways of knowing, are continually meeting, contesting and negotiating, leading to hybridized outcomes. While the planning intervention has made some aspects of the space legible, it has reduced the legitimacy of some use claims on the space, particularly those of sole structure owners. Further, only certain subpopulations are made legible; long-term tenants, particularly those that are youth born in the settlement, are pushed further into illegibility and tenure insecurity. Within this analysis, I discuss how residents in the settlement propose how the two processes could have been implemented to lead to legibility that matched their ways of knowing. My findings illustrate that planning interventions that are predicated on technocratic solutions need to be balanced with an understanding of the everyday dynamics, or rationalities, of residents in informal spaces. I argue that tenure security needs to be conceptualised as the outcome of negotiated practices between actors taking place in a particular type of space rather than the outcome of planning practices used by the state to guarantee tenure security or used by urban residents to contest or fight for it. In addition, I argue that slum upgrading needs to move attention beyond tenure regularization to other components of tenure security, including those for the various categories of tenants in order to match their needs.
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RÖDÉN, MARCUS, and HENRIK STÅHLE. "The Motives for Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries; the Case of Nairobi." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232454.
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Manasseh, Nshuti B. "Mobilisation of savings in Kenya : the role of Nairobi Stock Exchange." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU206382.
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This study extends evidence of the role of emerging securities markets in development with specific reference to the NSE. The research reported here reflects on the linkage between financial markets and economic development. It identifies key methodological flaws in the existing literature and uses analysis of macro economic data on Kenya economy and NSE to demonstrate the impact of such flaws. Methodological flaws inherent in these studies have meant that they fail to establish the direction of causation between financial and economic development on hone hand, and securities markets development and economic development on the other. Premised on the conventional wisdom which holds that capital accumulation is the main constraint to development and any means to enhance it would spur development has meant that such causation relationship aroused a lot of interest among the academics, practitioners as well as policy makers in the LDCs as to the role of securities markets in development. Capital formation is crucial for economic development, and securities facilitate capital formation by mobilising and allocating savings to deserving investments. However, some believe that, securities markets are irrelevant to LDCs economies, and yet others endorse their contribution to economic development citing their contribution to the development of the Asian Pacific Rim. The key question investigated in this study is whether the Nairobi Stock Exchange has been instrumental to mobilisation of savings for investments and thus development of Kenya. Unlike earlier studies, this study is country specific. Also because of the developmental dimension of the problem both quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches are employed. The study acknowledges two largely ignored issues. The quality of data and the depth of analysis of the micro and macro structures attendant in the LDCs. The quality of data is improved by using recent statistical econometric techniques. Micro and macro structures such as economic, social-cultural, and political factors conducive for the development of securities markets are investigated. It further uses a comparative analysis of the basis for associations or causal linkage, of financial markets operations and development of savings, investment and the economy to establish how the contemporary association of market and development in development policy may be naive.
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Rödén, Marcus, and Henrik Ståhle. "The Motives for Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries; the Case of Nairobi." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210027.
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Entrepreneurship is on the rise in Africa. The Kenyan government is focusing on entrepreneurship and the digital scene for the future growth of the country. The digital startup ecosystem is growing as well as the number of entrepreneurs is rising which has further increased the discussion of business opportunities in the region. This raises the question why the entrepreneurs themselves want to pursue entrepreneurship as an active career. Past research show that entrepreneurial motivations may differ due to geographical regions, and may differ due to the economical condition of the country. The authors see that more emphasize must be put on entrepreneurial motives in developing countries to further understand why people want to pursue entrepreneurship. Since there is little research on entrepreneurial motivations in developing countries, where on region is Nairobi, Kenya, the authors aim to add knowledge in this field to further understand entrepreneurial motivations across the world. This is a qualitative research where the authors aim to explore the entrepreneurial motives behind going into entrepreneurship in Nairobi, Kenya. 18 participants have been interviewed through a semi-structured interview format in Nairobi for 2 weeks in March 2017. The results show that there are three main motives present in Nairobi. The findings have been compared to, according to the inductive reasoning approach, a theory of entrepreneurial motivations and have found that there are different motives present in Nairobi than in other regions in the world. Some entrepreneurial motives that are less common in developed countries are more common in Nairobi, which confirm that entrepreneurial motives differ due to geographical regions.
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Jumah, Anne Mukeli. "The nature and extent of palliative care in the Nairobi Hospice." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11202008-163831.
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Munyiri, Kabachia Stephen. "Barriers and gateways to church planting among the immigrants in Nairobi." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Edwards, Lindsay Keyes. "Architecture as Mediator." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32701.
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Having grown up abroad, the topic of architectural mediation has often made me pause. The world abounds with differences, and with todayâ s globalization, many of us are being faced with cultural, social, and a multitude of physical differences/conditions. This thesis seeks to explore the role of architecture as a mediator and seeks designs that transition successfully between differing entities.
The project is an orphanage in Nairobi, Kenya. The program is comprised of young orphans and the project explores how the structure that they occupy can effectively accommodate their specific needs. Challenges which need to be mediated include consideration of two scales, one for the child under the age of 6, and the other for the caretaker who has adult proportions. The building also will need to reconcile cultural stigmatization and attitudes towards orphans while also providing a safe environment. And lastly, the specific social needs of the orphan need to be tended to. The design and experience within the spaces will need to convey feelings of security, affections, and hope.Master of Architecture
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Rosenberg, Lauren. "Exploring the idea of the creative class in an African city : a case study of ICT professionals in Nairobi." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80081.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is an exploration of Richard Florida’s Creative Class theory within an African city context. The economic value of the Creative Class is that their work revolves around innovation, a quality seen as essential to ‘new economy’ urban growth. Quality of place (that which makes ‘New York, New York’) is said to attract the Creative Class to certain cities, as lifestyle amenities are valued as much as employment opportunities. Nairobi is an example of an African city currently attracting both Kenyan and expatriate Creative Class workers, particularly in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector. The research aimed to understand why this group chose to live in Nairobi and to describe Nairobi’s quality of place, with a particular focus on infrastructure disruption. Overall, the Western city is the reference point for Creative Class literature and quality of place is embedded within a framework of urbanisation through industrialisation - a period known as the first urbanisation wave. The fastest growing cities on the African continent (Nairobi included) are part of the second urbanisation wave, an urbanisation process spurred by a set of vastly different dynamics in which industrialisation is virtually inconsequential. Urbanisation through industrialisation induced concomitant investments into infrastructure and thus it is unsurprising that the Creative Class literature assumes that urban infrastructure is ‘always on’ – available at all times as an inherent attribute of place. The point of the study was not to draw modernist comparisons, but rather to emphasise that notions of quality of place are incomplete given the rise of technological innovation in urban Africa, where cities often suffer from disruption of basic infrastructure. Until more recently, African cities did not feature in the Creative Class literature; the predominantly rural focus of ICT diffusion in the literature is a contributing factor to the lack of information on the Creative Class in African cities. The case study revealed that Nairobi’s quality of place is fundamentally different to normative prescriptions given to urban planners and, in some instances, is highly frustrating and unattractive. Contrary to Florida’s theory, those interviewed were not leaving Nairobi in search of cities with higher quality of place attributes or better infrastructure provision – individuals were rooted to the city because of their work and the professional networks with which they were associated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is ‘n verkenning van Richard Florida se teorie van Kreatiewe Klas binne die konteks van ‘n Afrika-stad. Die ekonomiese waarde van die Kreatiewe Klas is dat hul werk rondom innovasie draai, wat as noodsaaklik beskou word vir die stedelike groei van die “nuwe ekonomie”. Plekkwaliteit (dit wat ‘New York, New York’ maak) lok luidens Florida se teorie die Kreatiewe Klas na sekere stede, aangesien hulle leefstylgeriewe net so hoog soos werksgeleenthede op die prys stel. Nairobi is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n Afrika-stad wat tans beide Keniaanse en buitelandse werkers van die Kreatiewe Klas lok, veral na die plaaslike Informasie- en Kommunikasietegnologiesektor (IKT-sektor). Die navorsing het gepoog om te verstaan waarom hierdie groep gekies het om in Nairobi te woon asook om Nairobi se plekkwaliteit te beskryf, met ‘n spesifieke klem op die onderbreking van infrastruktuur. Oor die algemeen is die Westerse stad die vertrekpunt vir literatuur oor die Kreatiewe Klas. Daarby word plekkwaliteit gewoonlik beskou binne die raamwerk van “verstedeliking deur industrialisering”, wat bekend staan as die eerste verstedelikingsgolf. Die vinnig groeiendste stede op die Afrika-vasteland (insluitend Nairobi) is deel van ‘n tweede verstedelikingsgolf wat deur gans ander dinamika gedryf word, waarvan industrialisering ‘n feitlik weglaatbare faset is. Verstedeliking deur industrialisering het tot gelyktydige beleggings in infrastruktuur aanleiding gegee, dus maak dit sin dat literatuur oor die Kreatiewe Klas aanvaar dat stedelike infrastruktuur “altyd aan” is – dit wil sê, immerbeskikbaar as ‘n onafskeidelike kenmerk van die plek. Die doel van die studie was nie om modernistiese vergelykings te tref nie, maar om te beklemtoon dat begrippe van plekkwaliteit onvolledig is gegewe die opkoms van tegnologiese innovasie in stedelike Afrika, waar stede dikwels ly aan onderbrekings van basiese infrastruktuur. Tot baie onlangs is Afrika-stede nie genoem in literatuur oor die Kreatiewe Klas nie; die oorwegend landelike fokus van die verspreiding van IKT dra ook by tot die gebrek aan inligting aangaande die Kreatiewe Klas in Afrikastede. Die gevallestudie het onthul dat Nairobi se plekkwaliteit in wese anders is as die normatiewe voorskrifte wat aan stadsbeplanners voorgehou word en dat dit selfs, in sommige gevalle, uiters frustrerend en onaantreklik is. In teenstelling met Florida se teorie was diegene met wie onderhoude gevoer is, nie van plan om Nairobi te verlaat op soek na stede met hoër plekkwaliteitkenmerke of beter infrastruktuur nie – dié individue was gevestig in die stad weens hul werk en die professionele netwerke waarmee hul geskakel het.
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Lagerberg, Evert. "Visualization-Aided Design of Water Infrastructures in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189324.
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Intermittent water supply is a major challenge in informal settlements (slums) in Nairobi, Kenya. Smart water man- agement is an emerging technology that uses sensory net- works for continuous monitoring of water infrastructure to detect anomalies and inform effective distribution of wa- ter resources. This thesis investigates how visualization of data collected from the water network can support the lo- cal water utility in the Nairobi slums in improving water distribution, including maintenance and development. An explorative qualitative study, including interviews with util- ity staff members and field observations informed the devel- opment of three conceptual prototypes to propose how the collected data could be incorporated in the water utility’s practices. The design of the prototypes lead to a discussion on how smart water management can be adapted to the specific challenges of the context. The thesis concludes by suggesting that a successful implementation of smart water management, besides supporting efforts directly related to the slum areas, must also address the problems of inefficient and inequitable water allocation concerning the whole city of Nairobi. Oregelbunden vattenförsörjning är en stor utmaning i informella bosättningar (slumområden), i Nairobi, Kenya. Smart water management är ett ny tekniskt område som använder sensornätverk för kontinuerlig övervakning av vatteninfrastrukturer för att upptäcka avvikelser, som t.ex. läckage, och informera effektiv distribution av vattenresurser. Denna studie undersöker hur visualisering av data som samlats från vattennätet kan stödja det lokala vattenbolaget i Nairobi i arbetet med att förbättra vattendistributionen, inklusive underhåll och utbyggnad. En explorativ kvalitativ förstudie baserad på intervjuer med anställda på vattenbolaget och fältobservationer användes som underlag för en designprocess av interaktiva datavisualiseringar. I designprocessen skapades tre konceptuella prototyper som exemplifierar hur den insamlade datan skulle kunna inkorporeras i vattenbolagets praxis. Utformningen av prototyperna ledde till en diskussion om hur smart water management kan anpassas till de särskilda förutsättningarna i Nairobis informella bosättningar. En lyckad implementation av smart water management måste, förutom att stödja de insatser direkt relaterade till de informella bosättningarna, också adressera problematiken gällande ineffektiv och ojämlik fördelningen av vattenresurser i hela staden Nairobi.
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Mbathi, Musyimi. "Integrating geo-information tools in informal settlement upgrading processes in Nairobi, Kenya." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1394.
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The continuing existence of informal settlements within the cities of developing countries presents a threat to development objectives. To address challenges existing within informal settlements, upgrading and planning approaches have integrated technology-based tools, such as Geographic Information Systems, to quantify, visualise and provide information that can support decision-making processes. The integration of Geo-Information (GI) tools in upgrading processes is seen to provide the necessary information that city planners need to take action on informal settlements. However, there is as yet no appropriate framework for the integration of these tools within the upgrading processes. The primary focus in upgrading settlements is the improvement of living conditions through addressing existing environmental challenges, with the active participation of their respective communities. Planning processes have adopted inclusive approaches which are geared towards getting all actors, including communities, involved in decision-making and planning for interventions. GI tools offer a platform for better information, thereby enabling communities especially to participate effectively in the planning and management of new infrastructure, as well as settlement upgrading. This study therefore proposes a responsive and inclusive framework for the integration of GI tools in upgrading processes. The study was carried out in three informal settlements within Nairobi City, Kenya. Using a range of qualitative methods, the study critically examines the participation by respective stakeholders, especially communities, and how the GI tools have been used to address existing challenges within the settlements. The discussion and analysis is divided into three themes: 1) the process 2) the participation 3) addressing the challenges. It shows that owing to the GI tools, enhanced participation and subsequent empowerment of communities at various levels of upgrading took place. However, certain barriers still exist. The intrinsic challenges that abound in social, cultural and political landscapes continue to hinder low-income communities from achieving high-level participation in upgrading.