Journal articles: 'Najd (Saudi Arabia)'

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Ismail, Sayed M., Nasser Rashid Alshayhan, Salwa Alwafai, and Bacem A. Essam. "Frequency of Using Najdi Arabic Words Among Saudi College Male Students." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n2p24.

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The study of dialects may be subsumed under the very broad rubric of colloquialism which comes at the bottom of the formality versus informality scale. We focus on the Najd dialect perception, as the central dialect in Saudi Arabia, among Saudi male college students. By conducting two experiments, questionnaires and follow-up semi-structured interviews, on 137 male students, user-based frequencies of the topper 50 Najdi words are generated. The second phase aims at semantically categorizing the topper content words so that conclusions can be drawn about the inclination of using Najdi words among the college students. Results show that the categorization of the retrieved 50 Najdi words, according to the part of speech, demonstrates that the most applauded Najdi Arabic words are verbs and adjectives. Synonyms are even retrievable from this method of compilation. Nouns are the most resistant part of speech at the morphological level.

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El-Dakhs, Dina Abdel Salam, Jawaher Nasser Al-Haqbani, Manal A. Althaqafi, and Shorouq Al-Fouzan. "How do Saudis complain?" Language and Dialogue 9, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 264–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00041.eld.

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Abstract The current study adopts a dialogue-analytic approach to the examination of complaint behavior in Saudi Arabic as spoken in the Najd region, the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To this end, role-plays with 120 Saudi nationals who are Najdi-speakers were recorded and transcribed. Statistical comparisons revealed that Najdis used a variety of complaint strategies with requests for repair, expressing annoyance and providing modified blame being the most frequent. Najdis also produced a large number of initiators and internal and external modifiers, mainly to mitigate the negative force of complaints. Although a small influence was found for gender, the variables of age, social distance and social dominance showed a strong influence on the Najdis’ complaint behavior. The results are discussed in light of relevant theoretical models and the existing literature.

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Eldosouky, Ahmed M., Reda A. Y. El-Qassas, Luan Thanh Pham, Kamal Abdelrahman, Mansour S. Alhumimidi, Ahmed El Bahrawy, Kevin Mickus, and Haytham Sehsah. "Mapping Main Structures and Related Mineralization of the Arabian Shield (Saudi Arabia) Using Sharp Edge Detector of Transformed Gravity Data." Minerals 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010071.

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Saudi Arabia covers most of the Arabian Peninsula and is characterized by tectonic regimes ranging from Precambrian to Recent. Using gravity data to produce the lateral boundaries of subsurface density bodies, and edge detection of potential field data, a new subsurface structural map was created to decipher the structural framework controls on the distribution of gold deposits in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, we detected the relationships between major structures and mineral accumulations, thereby simultaneously solving the problem of edge detectors over complex tectonic patterns for both deeper and shallower origins. Analytic signal (ASg), theta map (TM), TDX, and softsign function (SF) filters were applied to gravity data of Saudi Arabia. The results unveil low connectivity along the Najd fault system (NFS) with depth, except perhaps for the central zones along each segment. The central zones are the location of significant gold mineralization, i.e., Fawarah, Gariat Avala, Hamdah, and Ghadarah. Moreover, major fault zones parallel to the Red Sea extend northward from the south, and their connectivity increases with depth and controls numerous gold mines, i.e., Jadmah, Wadi Bidah, Mamilah, and Wadi Leif. These fault zones intersect the NFS in the Midyan Terrane at the northern part of the AS, and their conjugation is suggested to be favorable for gold mineralization. The SF maps revealed the boundary between the Arabian Shield and Arabian Shelf, which comprises major shear zones, implying that most known mineralization sites are linked to post-accretionary structures and are not limited to the Najd fault system (NFS).

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Al Khani, M. A. F., P. E. Bebbington, J. P. Watson, and F. House. "Life Events and Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 148, no. 1 (January 1986): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.1.12.

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Using an Arabic version of the PSE, supplemented by CATEGO, we selected 48 patients with acute schizophrenia from the population of the Najd region of Saudi Arabia. Their life-event histories for the six months before onset or relapse were compared with those of 62 control subjects. A postive association between events and onset was established only for married women, although there was a parallel trend for men and single women suffering their first schizophrenic episode. The observed impact of life events was limited to the three weeks before onset. These findings are discussed in the light of Saudi culture.

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Elzarei, MF, EF Mousa, and SA AL-Sharari. "Phenotypic Correlation Between Body Measurements in Saudi Sheep in Qassim Region." International Journal of Biology 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v13n1p26.

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Identify the genetic resources of the sheep and characterize these breeds accurately are very important to enhance the good performances of sheep and expand the knowledge of the differences among those breeds. Body measurements therefore, are perfect indicators to make definition for each breed. The present study is part of a wide one to definite of phenotypic characteristics in local breeds of sheep in Qassim region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data were collected from three breeds in Qassim region, Noemi, Najdi and Hari. Najdi is the biggest breed of the sheep breeds in Saudi Arabia and it is the main breed in Najd region. Noemi is taking the second size breed of the sheep breeds in Saudi Arabia. Hari is the smallest breed of sheep breeds in Saudi Arabia, it is the main breed in Hejaz and Assir regions, which belong to the sheep with coarse hair, and thick tail strain. Eight body measurements traits were studied, Wither heights (WH), Rum heights (RH), Body length (BL), Head length (HL), Heart girth (HG), Muzzle diameter (MD), Cannon circumference (CC) and Cannon length (CL).  The correlations coefficients among all studied traits were moderate to high and highly significant. The highest correlation coefficient was found between RH and WH traits (0.872), and the lowest one was found between CC and HG traits (0.214). The correlations coefficients between relative traits can help us to understand the similarity among studied traits and can be used in the future in selection program.

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Ochsenwald, William. "Islam and Loyalty in the Saudi Hijaz, 1926-1939." Die Welt des Islams 47, no. 1 (2007): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006007780331471.

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AbstractThis article examines the complex process by which the Hijaz and its holy cities were partially integrated with the central province of Najd to create the beginning of unity for Saudi Arabia even before the advent of large oil revenues drastically affected the Kingdom. Religion was one of the most important elements in this process as seen in the successful Saudi management of the pilgrimage and the rigorous application of numerous regulations designed to forbid evil and promote good while also securing the rule of the Saudi dynasty. The Najdi ulamā's extreme zeal offended many Hijazis, but it was ameliorated by the ruling family's more lenient implementation of policies intended to lessen the severity of the now-dominant interpretation of Islam. Saudi rule also depended upon such secular factors as military capacity, the lack of viable alternatives, and attempts to unify social customs and identity. By 1939 Hijazis and Najdis still regarded themselves as separate, with Najdi control often resented, but most of the people living in the urban centers had accepted Saudi political rule while still remaining somewhat unconvinced about many of the religious and social changes associated with it.

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Sabet, Amr. "The Islamic Utopia." American Journal of Islam and Society 31, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v31i3.1061.

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This book is an interesting exposition of the reform discourse and reformironies in the desert kingdom of Saudi Arabia ... a country ambivalent in itssense of security and insecurity, content in its presumed “orthodoxy,” uncertainabout where it fits in this world and about its future, and unsure as to whatextent it can continue to linger in its self-imposed cocoon – and yet, by thesame token, how far it can go in opening up to a perceived threatening world.All of this ambivalence, as one senses while reading the book, hinders, obstructs,and consequently undermines King Abdullah’s alleged attempts at reform.In fact, as Hammond points out, many of these reforms have beennothing but “window dressing … driven entirely by the desire to protect theextraordinary powers of the Saudi royal family,” as well as by a felt necessityto appease the Americans (p. 150).Despite the king’s efforts to project the image of himself as a reformist,one “religious reform” (ṣaḥwah) figure describes him as simply being “outof the arena” (p. 137). Reforms, particularly judicial reforms, which Hammonddescribes as Abdullah’s “central plank,” are defined by a Najdi contextas well as in Najdi terms (Najd is the central region of the Arabian Peninsula).The result has been a polity “trapped” within a pre-modern framework and ...

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Ali, Shehata, and Abdullah S. Alshammari. "Genesis of gabbroic intrusions in the Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia: mineralogical, geochemical and tectonic fingerprints of the Neoproterozoic arc magmatism." Geological Magazine 158, no. 9 (April 12, 2021): 1639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756821000182.

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AbstractThe Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia represents part of the Arabian–Nubian Shield and forms an exposure of juvenile continental crust on the eastern side of the Red Sea rift. Gabbroic intrusions in Saudi Arabia constitute a significant part of the mafic magmatism in the Neoproterozoic Arabian Shield. This study records the first detailed geological, mineralogical and geochemical data for gabbroic intrusions located in the Gabal Samra and Gabal Abd areas of the Hail region in the Arabian Shield of Saudi Arabia. Geological field relations and investigations, supported by mineralogical and geochemical data, indicate that the gabbroic intrusions are generally unmetamorphosed and undeformed, and argue for their post-collisional emplacement. Their mineralogical and geochemical features reveal crystallization from hydrous, mainly tholeiitic, mafic magmas with arc-like signatures, which were probably inherited from the previous subduction event in the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The gabbroic rocks exhibit sub-chondritic Nb/U, Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, revealing depletion of their mantle source. Moreover, the high ratios of (Gd/Yb)N and (Dy/Yb)N indicate that their parental mafic melts were derived from a garnet-peridotite source with a garnet signature in the mantle residue. This implication suggests that the melting region was at a depth exceeding ∼70–80 km at the garnet stability field. They have geochemical characteristics similar to other post-collisional gabbros of the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Their origin could be explained by adiabatic decompression melting of depleted asthenosphere that interacted during ascent with metasomatized lithospheric mantle in an extensional regime, likely related to the activity of the Najd Fault System, at the end of the Pan-African Orogeny.

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du Bray, Edward A. "Jabal Silsilah tin prospect, Najd region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983) 4 (January 1986): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(86)80085-9.

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10

Sabir, H., and J.-F. Labbé. "Bi'r Tawilah tungsten prospect, Najd region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983) 4 (January 1986): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(86)80086-0.

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TEITELBAUM, JOSHUA. "SAUDI ARABIA, EGYPT, AND THE LONGUE DURÉE STRUGGLE FOR ISLAM'S HOLIEST PLACES." Historical Journal 61, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 1017–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x1700036x.

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AbstractScholars inquiring into Saudi–Egyptian or Hijazi–Egyptian relations, or the history of modern Saudi state formation, have been tempted to concentrate on the June 1926 attack by the tribal Ikhwan on the Egyptian Maḥmal, or pilgrimage caravan, as the key to understanding these relations. But such a courte durée, sometimes known as the événementielle approach, leaves out much rich depth. In fact, when placed within the wider time frame of the longue durée of relations between Egypt and the Hijaz, which is Arabia's western littoral region and home to Islam's holiest places, its historical significance becomes more about ending Egyptian claims of primacy in the Hijaz than achieving internal Saudi state consolidation. It is the longue durée that should command attention, for the only way that Ibn Saud could refashion to his own favour the historical connections that defined Islamic legitimacy in a political form was to cut the Gordian knot between Egypt and the Hijaz. He had to break up the Red Sea littoral system, and tie the holy places instead to the Saudi heartland of Najd. At the Red Sea's expense, the Arabian Peninsula, dominated by Saudi Arabia, became the new geo-political feature of the region.

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Alsuhaibani, Alwaleed A. "The Phonological Word in Najdi Arabic." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 4, no. 3 (August 16, 2022): p55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v4n3p55.

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Numerous studies on Arabic linguistics make reference to the phonological word (PW) as a constituent that serves as the domain for various phonological phenomena, however, there is no clear and precise definition in the Arabic linguistics literature of what actually constitutes as a PW and whether it consists of just the bare morphological stem or whether it includes affixes as well. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the status of this phonological constituent in Najdi Arabic (NA), a variety of Arabic spoken in Najd, located in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Affixation and other phonological processes are thoroughly investigated to examine how they interact with the stem in an attempt to give an accurate and precise definition of the domain of the PW. Using syllabification and stress placement as reliable diagnostic tools, in addition to other phonological processes, it is concluded that the PW in NA consists of the morphological stem including all affixes (i.e. prefixes and suffixes, both inflectional and derivational) and functions words (e.g., prepositions). Evidence that supports this conclusion stems from the fact that the stem plus affixes comprise the domain for syllabification and the stress assignment rules as well.

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Al-Husseini, Moujahed. "Late Ediacaran to early Cambrian (Infracambrian) Jibalah Group of Saudi Arabia." GeoArabia 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia160369.

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ABSTRACT This paper is one of a series that document the Neoproterozoic – Cambrian rock units in the Middle East Geologic Time Scale. It is focused on the oldest sedimentary succession in Saudi Arabia, the late Ediacaran – early Cambrian (Infracambrian) Jibalah Group (ca. 585 to 530–520 Ma). The group crops out in disconnected, pull-apart basins (ca. 10–100 km long and up to 20 km wide) along the NW-trending, strike-slip Najd Fault System in the Arabian Shield. It was described and mapped in the 1960s to 1980s, and several formations were defined and named in two areas separated by ca. 400 km. The stratigraphic successions in these two areas have not been correlated, nor has their relationship to the subsurface been resolved. This paper reviews the nomenclature, type sections, lithologies and ages of the formations and members (sometimes units and/or facies) of the Jibalah Group. The Jibalah Group unconformably overlies the Ediacaran Shammar Group (ca. 620–585 Ma, consisting mainly of rhyolite or granitic plutons), or older Proterozoic rocks. The age of the intervening Sub-Jibalah Unconformity is here estimated at ca. 585 Ma based on radiometric data and regional correlations. The lower part of the Jibalah Group is defined in the northern Arabian Shield in the Mashhad area, where it consists of three formations, in ascending order: (1) undated Rubtayn Formation, divided informally into the “Volcanic Conglomerate Member” (up to ca. 700 m thick), “Polymictic Conglomerate Member” (up to ca. 1,500 m thick) and “Sandstone Member” (up to ca. 1,000 m thick); (2) poorly dated Badayi Formation consisting of andesite-basalt flows (ca. 150 m thick); (3) undated Muraykhah Formation (330–370 m thick) consisting of the informal “Cherty Limestone Member” (ca. 135 m thick), “Siltstone and Mudstone Member” (ca. 20 m thick) and “Dolomitic Limestone Member” (ca. 135–175 m thick). The Rubtayn, Badayi and Muraykhah formations in the northern Arabian Shield, by stratigraphic position and lithology, correspond to the Umm Al ‘Aisah Formation in the Najd pull-apart basins of the central Arabian Shield. In particular, the Cherty Limestone unit (300–500 m thick) of the Umm Al ‘Aisah Formation is correlated to the Muraykhah Formation, which represents a marine flooding event. Above the Muraykhah Formation, the uppermost part of the group is defined in the central Arabian Shield by the undated Jifn Formation (up to ca. 2,500 m thick). The Jibalah Group is unconformably overlain by the lower Cambrian Siq Sandstone Formation (Asfar Sequence), and the intervening Sub-Siq Unconformity (Angudan Unconformity) has an estimated age between ca. 530–520 Ma.

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Lofts, P. G. "Ba'id al Jimalah tungsten prospect, Najd region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983) 4 (January 1986): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(86)80084-7.

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Quamar, Md Muddassir. "Islamic Modernism and Saudi Arabia: Confluence or Conflict?" Contemporary Review of the Middle East 2, no. 1-2 (March 2015): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798915577718.

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Debates on Islamic modernism has its roots in Egypt, Iran and British India during the late nineteenth century as Muslim societies reacted to modern thought coming from the West. The Arabian Peninsula, more importantly its central region of Najd, remained secluded from such ideas as Wahhabi-Islam dominated the socio-political landscape. Once the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was formed, its founder Ibn Saud chose to introduce modern administrative, economic, scientific, educational and technological tools to stabilise the polity with aspiration to become a modernized state from a tribal political union. The alliance of Al Saud and Al Shaikh managed to align pre-dominant section of the society that accepted their Political legitimacy. Ibn Saud pioneered the method of ruling in the name of Islam and modernization. Subsequently, the monarchy stuck to the formula, using its commitment towards modernization and Islamic heritage as the means for sustaining the legitimacy. The process could be further strengthened due to generation of massive oil-wealth and gradual but sustained process of modernization. It, however, has impacted the individual and collective thought process of citizens leading to a change in people’s attitude and aspirations. In fact, modern judicial and political elements too have been introduced to adjust to changing realities, more so during the last two decades. This article raises the question whether the co-existence of Islam and modernity in the Saudi context can be seen as a confluence or it can only be seen through the lens of conflict? It argues that even though everything cannot be explained through an Islamic modernist perspective, it can best explain the process of reform and change being experienced in Saudi Arabia.

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Al-Atiyat, R. M., R. S. Aljumaah, A. M. Abudabos, A. A. Alghamdi, A. S. Alharthi, H. S. AlJooan, and M. N. Alotybi. "Current situation and diversity of indigenous cattle breeds of Saudi Arabia." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 57 (September 18, 2015): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633615000247.

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SummaryThis study aims to evaluate the current situation and diversity of indigenous cattle breeds in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A survey was executed in five regions of the KSA. We recorded population sizes, phenotypes and rearing conditions. TaurineBos taurusand zebuBos indicuspopulations were found. The zebu cattle include two breeds; the Hassawi and the Janobi. The Hassawi breed was found in the eastern region and it is in decreasing number. It may become extinct soon in the absence of conservation plan. Janobi remains common with thousand animals in the south-western part of the country. Only one indigenous taurine cow, showing no phenotypic evidence of zebu introgression, was found in the Central region of KSA (Najd Plateau). This cow might be the last pure indigenous Saudi Arabia taurine animal and therefore, the breed is now close to extinction. We advocate the urgency to design conservation plan for the indigenous livestock of the KSA and to complement these with phenotypic as well as genotypic information.

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El-Fakharani, Abdelhamid, Wadee A. AlKashghari, Haitham M. Baggazi, Mohamed K. El-Shafei, and Mohamed Matsah. "Microstructural analyses of the Najd Fault System in Midyan Terrane, NW Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Earth Sciences 109, no. 1 (December 10, 2019): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-019-01803-w.

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Alsuhaibani, Alwaleed A. "Syllables and Stress Assignment in Najdi Arabic." Studies in English Language Teaching 10, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): p122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v10n3p122.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed and unified analysis of word stress in Najdi Arabic (NA), a variety of Arabic spoken in Najd, located in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Regular stress, seemingly exceptional cases, and also variations within NA itself are all accounted for in a simple and straightforward manner. The proposed analysis is based on two principles. First, unlike previous studies that employ a three-way weight distinction between light, heavy, and superheavy syllables, a binary weight distinction between light (monomoraic) C(C)v; and heavy (bimoraic) C(C)vX(C) is proposed, where “X” is either a vowel or a consonant. Second, word-final consonants are crucially assumed to be “extrasyllabic”. The stress algorithm is constrained so that stress may fall on one of the last three syllables of a word, as follows: Stress the rightmost heavy syllable if and only if it is one of the word’s last three syllables; otherwise stress the antepenultimate syllable (initial syllable in disyllabic words). Variations within NA and seemingly exceptional cases are accounted for by the fact that stress assignment applies earlier in the derivation before the application of any other phonological processes that subsequently alter the shape of the word.

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Jackson, Norman J. "Beryl pegmatite at Jabal Tarban, southern Najd region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983) 4 (January 1986): 289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(86)80090-2.

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Aldersoni, Ali, Abdullah Albaker, Mansoor Alturki, and Mohamed Ahmed Said. "The Impact of Passive Strategies on the Overall Energy Performance of Traditional Houses in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111837.

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Communities in nations all over the world must work to address the problem of energy consumption, which has emerged in modern times. Given that domestic consumers account for roughly 49% of the total electricity used annually by all sectors, buildings can be seen as a key player in this conundrum. The architecture field can therefore play a vital role in saving energy, not only through building design but also through the materials used. To minimize architectural programmes’ negative impact on the environment, sustainable design that saves energy is being employed today in traditional Saudi Arabian buildings. This study examined whether current housing designs can effectively integrate four key passive energy-saving strategies: outdoor green area, thermal mass wall, window-to-wall ratio and shading device. This study analysed two types of traditional houses from two different cities in Saudi Arabia’s Najd region, Riyadh and Hail, examining the four passive strategies. Using traditional house designs, this paper created four simulation models for each house, and compared the simulation results with the base case model to determine how well these strategies could affect the energy consumption for residential buildings in Saudi Arabia (KSA). The results indicate that the selected strategies can play an important role in saving energy in residential buildings in the KSA.

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O’Sullivan, Michael. "Paper Currency, Banking, and Islamic Monetary Debates in Late Ottoman and Early Saudi Arabia." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 63, no. 3 (April 13, 2020): 243–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341512.

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Abstract This article examines the Saudi government’s refusal to introduce paper currency until 1956 against the backdrop of two developments: First, the composition of a number of treatises written by Muslim scholars in the late Ottoman and early Saudi Hijaz and Najd permitting use of the medium; second, the unsuccessful effort by several Muslim entrepreneurs to create formal banking facilities in the Hijaz between the 1920s and 1950s. Throughout these decades, as the Saudi regime repeatedly claimed that paper currency violated Islamic orthodoxy because it was a bearer of interest, these scholars argued forcefully for the medium’s legitimacy by mobilizing the legal sources of their particular school of law (madhhab). This contrast reflects how the religious politics of the kingdom departed from both Ottoman precedents and other contemporary Islamic contexts in which paper currency was widely assimilated via the assent of Muslim legal scholars. The regime’s tepid support for, or outright obstruction of, the creation of formal banking facilities that issued paper currency further exacerbated this divergence. In the end, because of such inconsistency it required technocratic institutions like the IMF and ARAMCO to introduce paper currency and a formal banking system into the kingdom from the mid-1950s.

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ELRABAA, S. "Fate of the Najd Fault System in Northwestern Saudi Arabia and Southwestern Jordan." Gondwana Research 4, no. 2 (April 2001): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70677-8.

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Alatar, Abdulrahman, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, and Jacob Thomas. "Vegetation analysis of Wadi Al-Jufair, a hyper-arid region in Najd, Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 19, no. 3 (July 2012): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.04.003.

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Yamani, May. "From fragility to stability: a survival strategy for the Saudi monarchy." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910802576114.

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This paper gives a detailed, insider's look into the history and intricacies of the royal politics of the Āl Saﺀūd examining the factors that characterize and define the course of modern Saudi Arabia from tribal affiliations to Wahhābī muṭāwﺩah and muftis. The author examines the internal power struggles amidst the famous ‘Sudeiri Seven’ and their rival claimants to the throne as well as repercussions of the system and its underpinnings on the population as a whole. Oil, power-politics, alliances with the United States and the particular means and apparatuses of control emanating from the Najd all factor in a regime that has marginalized significant sectors of society from inhabitants of the Ḥijāz to the Shīﺀah of the Eastern Province and which may or may not survive the effects of a population boom and high unemployment that coincide with an ever-increasing number of claimants to a rule predicated on the ‘custodianship’ of Islam's two holiest cities.

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Alnaim, Mohammed Mashary. "The Hierarchical Order of Spaces in Arab Traditional Towns: The Case of Najd, Saudi Arabia." World Journal of Engineering and Technology 08, no. 03 (2020): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2020.83027.

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Stern, Robert J. "The Najd Fault System, Saudi Arabia and Egypt: A Late Precambrian rift-related transform system?" Tectonics 4, no. 5 (August 1985): 497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc004i005p00497.

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Alatar, Abdulrahman, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, and Jacob Thomas. "RETRACTED: Vegetation analysis of Wadi Al-Jufair, a hyper-arid region in Najd, Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 19, no. 1 (January 2012): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.09.004.

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Combreau, Olivier, Guillaume Gelinaud, and Tommy R. Smith. "Home range and movements of houbara bustards introduced in the Najd Pediplain in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Arid Environments 44, no. 2 (February 2000): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0578.

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Ali, Shehata, Rainer Abart, M. I. Sayyed, Christoph A. Hauzenberger, and Mabrouk Sami. "Petrogenesis of the Wadi El-Faliq Gabbroic Intrusion in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt: Implications for Neoproterozoic Post-Collisional Magmatism Associated with the Najd Fault System." Minerals 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13010010.

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The late Neoproterozoic gabbroic intrusion of the Wadi El-Faliq area in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt (north Arabian–Nubian Shield; henceforth, ANS) is a fresh, undeformed elliptical body elongated in a NW–SE trend following the main sinistral strike-slip faults of the Najd fault system. Mineralogical and geochemical evidence suggest that they were derived from hydrous tholeiitic mafic magmas with arc-like geochemical fingerprints resembling the post-collisional gabbroic intrusions in Saudi Arabia. Despite the arc-like signatures, their fresh and undeformed nature, together with the field relationships, indicates that the studied gabbroic intrusion post-dates the main collisional phase, supporting its emplacement after subduction ceased and during the post-collisional stage. As a result, the arc-like signatures were possibly transmitted from the earlier ANS subduction episode. Indeed, the high (La/Sm)N, and negative-Nb and positive-Pb anomalies suggest contributions from subduction components. Lithospheric delamination was possibly facilitated by the Najd faults and shear zones formed during the post-orogenic crustal extension associated with the Pan-African orogenic collapse. The delamination process could have generated a rapid upwelling and melting of the asthenosphere mantle. The melt-rock reaction process likely played an important role in the genesis of the studied rocks through the interaction of the asthenosphere melts with lithosphere mantle rocks during ascent. The HREE fractionation suggests a probable mixing between melts from both spinel- and garnet-bearing peridotites. We suggest that the Wadi El-Faliq gabbroic intrusion was likely emplaced due to the stretching and thinning of the lithosphere during the extensional tectonism following the Pan-African orogeny.

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Aref, Eman. "The Far Morocco Idrisid Arts and their role in enriching the plaster wall processing in the southwest Saudi Arabian kingdom in the century (14th AH/ 20th AD)." Academic Research Community publication 1, no. 1 (September 18, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v1i1.137.

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Studying the methods of plaster wall decorations is considered one of the complementary elements of the architectural vocabulary that reflects the cultural and ideological heritage identy of the time period. Wall decoration has broken the barrier of time and place, and the political and doctrinal differences, expressing in an abstract way the truth about the beilefs of both the Far Morocco Idrisid and Sebia Idrisid in kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where they did not use any symbol or sign that demonstrates their belonging to Shi'i Muslims, so-most probably- they belong to Sunni Muslims. This study aims to track the foundation phases of Idrisid state in Far Morocco during the century (2-4THA.H/8-10TH A.D) and its extension to the east in the Tihama Asir region during the century (14THAH/20THAD). The research problem lies in trying to detect the link and the nature of the relationship between the two states despite their differences in time and place through studying the natural strategic crossings, as well as the political circumstances that contributed in the transfer of the influences of Far Morocco Arts to Sebia region in the southwest of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which contributed in enriching the plaster decorative arts of the facades of the Idriss Ashraaf's palaces, and their merging with the local artistic nature of Najd, Yemen. This study has revealed- through following the analytical descriptive method- the emergence of some influnces coming from the countries of East Asia and India and the countries of the African continent due to Sebia's geographical location as a port on the Red Sea and its presence on both the coastal trade way and caravans.

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Al-Husseini, Richard. "Spatio-temporal position of the Ediacaran Thalbah Basin in the Najd Fault System, Arabian Shield." GeoArabia 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia200117.

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ABSTRACT This paper starts with a bibliographic review of the lithostratigraphy and radiometric dating of the Ediacaran Thalbah Group in the northwestern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. It seeks to establish the spatio-temporal position of the group in the ongoing compilation and correlation of Ediacaran–Cambrian sedimentary time-rock units in the Middle East Geologic Time Scale (Al-Husseini, 2010, 2011, 2014). The group is defined and described in the Thalbah Basin, which crops out in the Al Wajh Quadrangle, and is approximately 100 km (NW-SE) by 40 km (SW-NE) in extent (Davies, 1985). The basin is situated within the approximately (ca.) 300 km-long, NW-trending Qazaz Fault Zone of the Najd Fault System. The Thalbah Group consists of three siliciclastic units: Hashim Formation (ca. 1,050–1,300 m thick) and likely coeval Zhufar Formation (ca. 600–1,400 m thick), and the younger Ridam Formation (ca. 1,000 m thick). Recently published U-Pb dating of detrital zircons gave ages of ≤ 596 ± 10 Ma for the Hashim Formation, and ≤ 612 ± 7 Ma for the Zhufar Formation (Bezenjani et al., 2014). The maximum depositional ages of the Hashim and Zhufar formations indicate they are approximately coeval to the lower part of the sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Jibalah Group (≤ 605 ± 5 and ≥ 525 ± 5 Ma). The latter group was deposited in pull-apart basins along the ca. 600 km-long Rika and several other extensive fault zones of the NW-trending Najd Fault System in the northern and eastern parts of the Arabian Shield. The Qazaz Fault Zone left-laterally dislocated ophiolites of the NE-trending Yanbu Suture Zone (≥ 700 Ma) by about 100 km. The strike of the Qazaz Fault Zone projects into the Rika Fault Zone, along which five major pull-apart basins contain the Jibalah Group. The Rika Fault Zone dislocated by about 100 km the NS-trending ophiolite outcrop belts of the Ad Dafinah and Hulayfah fault zones (sometimes interpreted as parts the Nabitah Suture Zone, 680–640 Ma). Based on the time correlation of the Thalbah and Jibalah groups, and the highlighted structural features, the Rika and Qazaz fault zones are interpreted as a continuous 30 km-wide, 1,200 km-long, N63°W-striking fault zone, the “Rika-Qazaz Fault Zone”, which left-laterally dislocated the Arabian Shield by approximately 100 km after 605 ± 5 Ma and before 525 ± 5 Ma.

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Bokhari, M. Madani, Norman J. Jackson, and Khalid Al Oweidi. "Geology and mineralization of the Jabal Umm Al Suqian albitized apogranite, southern Najd region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983) 4 (January 1986): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(86)80080-x.

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Hassan, M., T. S. Abu-Alam, C. Hauzenberger, and K. Stüwe. "Geochemical signature variation of pre-, syn-, and post-shearing intrusives within the Najd Fault System of western Saudi Arabia." Lithos 263 (October 2016): 274–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.06.024.

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Loosveld, Ramon J. H., Andy Bell, and Jos J. M. Terken. "The Tectonic Evolution of Interior Oman." GeoArabia 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia010128.

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ABSTRACT The evolution of Oman’s onshore sedimentary basins from the Late Precambrian to the Present is reflected by six tectono-stratigraphic units. Unit I, the Precambrian basement, represents continental accretion. Units II and III, Infracambrian to Ordovician, may reflect two periods of rifting, possibly related to Najd movements in western Saudi Arabia. The northeast-southwest trending salt basins formed during this time interval. A classical “steer’s head” basin geometry is developed in North Oman, whereas a less complete rift-sag sequence is preserved in South Oman. Of the entire time-span from Late Silurian to Mid-Carboniferous, only little Devonian (Emsian) sediment is preserved. Unit IV, Late Carboniferous to Mid-Cretaceous, reflects the break-up of Gondwana and the creation of the northeastern and southeastern passive margins of the Arabian Plate. Unit V documents intra-plate deformation related to Late Cretaceous continent-ocean obduction in the north and transpressional movements of the Indian Plate in the east. Unit VI, spanning the Tertiary, represents a return to quiet conditions followed by continent-continent collision in the north. Following Late Eocene uplift, the Gulf of Aden rift developed in the south in the early Oligocene, with sea-floor spreading from the Late Miocene onwards. Salt flow and dissolution, both playing a major role in the configuration of most intra- and post-salt hydrocarbon traps in Oman, are episodic and can be related to tectonic events.

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Powell, John H., Abdulkader Abed, and Ghaleb H. Jarrar. "Ediacaran Araba Complex of Jordan." GeoArabia 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 99–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/geoarabia200199.

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ABSTRACT The Ediacaran Araba Complex in Jordan is defined and described for the first time in lexicon style, with an emphasis on the sedimentary, volcanic and volcaniclastic units outcropping adjacent to Wadi Araba, and from seismic and deep exploration well data. The Araba Complex ranges in age from ca. 605 to 550 Ma and comprises a major cycle of sedimentary, volcanic and volcaniclastic, and igneous rocks emplaced in an overall extensional tectonic regime that followed intrusion and amalgamation of the granitoid and metamorphic Aqaba Complex, a part of the Gondwanan Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS; ca. 900 to 610 Ma). The Araba Complex is bounded by two major erosional unconformities, the newly defined Ediacaran Araba Unconformity (ca. 605 Ma) at its base, underlain by the Aqaba Complex, and the post-extensional, regional lower Cambrian Ram Unconformity (ca. 530 Ma) that is marked by the widespread deposition of thick alluvial and marginal-marine siliciclastics (Ram Group). Two sub-cycles can be recognised in the Araba Complex mega-cycle. The earliest (Safi Group) followed suturing and extensional rifting of the Aqaba Complex that resulted in rapid basinal subsidence and the deposition of coarse-grained, polymict conglomerates (Saramuj Formation) in predominantly proximal, but evolving to more distal, alluvial fan settings. The early extensional basin appears to have been orientated approximately north-south (depocentre to the west) and can be traced from north Sinai to Lebanon, approximately parallel to the present-day Dead Sea Transform. Rounded clasts, up to boulder-size, include a variety of local to regionally-derived basement lithologies, including granites, diorites, metamorphic rocks; doleritic and rhyolitic dyke rocks. Rapid isostatic uplift and weathering of the granitoid basement resulted in high sediment flux that kept pace with rapid basin subsidence; this, in turn, led to erosion and partial peneplanation of the hinterland ANS. Regional detrital zircon ages from the conglomerate clasts and matrix indicate age ranges from ca. 650 to 600 Ma with a minor cluster between 750 to 700 Ma, indicating mostly a local or, at least, near-field provenance. Subsequent to this early, rapid basin-fill, continued crustal extension resulted in tapping of rhyolitic and basaltic effusive volcanics and volcaniclastics (Haiyala Volcaniclastics and Museimir Effusives, ca. 598–595 Ma), including flow-banded rhyolitic lavas and air-fall tuffs, the latter deposited in a lacustrine or shallow-water environments. The second Araba sub-cycle (595–586 Ma) is characterised by renewed basinal subsidence, very low burial metamorphism to about 6 km depth, and associated stock-like intrusion of the Qunaia Monzogabbro (595 ± 2 Ma) that resulted in thermal contact metamorphism of the Saramuj conglomerate, as well as granite plutons (e.g. Feinan-Humrat intrusions) and dolerite dykes. The second cycle is characterised by renewed extension, rifting and the deposition of volcanic rocks, agglomerates (Aheimir Volcanics) and monomict conglomerates (Umm Ghaddah Formation) that were sourced, locally, from volcanic rocks on the rift margins. To the east, in the sub-surface of south-central Jordan, the early Safi sub-cycle is absent. Deep exploration wells and seismic data in the Jafr area demonstrate that the Araba Complex comprises terrestrial lavas (Ma’an Formation) with weathered soil horizons, unconformably overlying weathered Aqaba Complex granitic basement (Araba Unconformity). Seismic data in the Jafr region records the eruption of lavas in north-south trending graben and half-graben settings, and possible northwest-trending bounding faults similar to the Najd basins in Saudi Arabia. Again, in contrast to the outcrop areas to the west, the upper part of the Araba Complex, hereabouts, consists of fine-grained, in part carbonate-cemented sandstone and claystone, together with anhydrite (Jafr Formation) suggesting a shallow-marine or coastal sabkha setting, and a possible link to similar shallow-marine extensional basin-fills that developed widely within NW-trending Najd basins across the ANS in Saudi Arabia (e.g. Jibalah and Antaq basins). To date, no Ediacaran biotas have been described from the Araba Complex, but the Jafr Formation, which post-dates the appearance of soft-bodied faunas around 579 Ma, and which was probably deposited in marginal-marine environments, is a potential candidate for these enigmatic fossils. Subsequent to the final Araba extensional rifting phase, renewed regional uplift, far to the south, of the ANS hinterland during the early Cambrian, led to widespread deposition of alluvial and shallow-marine siliciclastics as a progradational ‘sand-sea’ (Ram Group) that blanketed the now peneplained Aqaba Complex in south Jordan and surrounding countries (Ram Unconformity). However, the younger Ediacaran Araba Complex outcrops adjacent to Wadi Araba remained, in places, as a relatively immature palaeotopography. It was not until early mid-Cambrian times (ca. 509 Ma), during the Burj marine transgression that this late Ediacaran palaeotopography was finally buried. The Araba Complex in Jordan with its multi-cycle development provides an insight to the regional development of Ediacaran extensional basins in the Arabian-Nubian Shield, an important phase in the evolution and transition from Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic crustal tectonics and associated basin-fill.

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Duncan, Ian J., Benoit Rivard, Raymond E. Arvidson, and Mohamed Sultan. "Structural interpretation and tectonic evolution of a part of the Najd Shear Zone (Saudi Arabia) using Landsat thematic-mapper data." Tectonophysics 178, no. 2-4 (June 1990): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90156-3.

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Aloufi, Abdulhadi A., Zuhair S. Amr, and Mohammad A. Abu Baker. "Reptiles and Amphibians of Al Madinah Al Munawwarah Province, Saudi Arabia." Russian Journal of Herpetology 28, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-3-123-137.

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A total of 44 species of amphibians and reptiles are reported from Al Madinah Al Munawwarah Province, Saudi Arabia. They include two species of amphibian in two families (Bufonidae and Dicroglossidae) and 42 reptiles belonging to 16 families (Agamidae, Boidae, Chamaeleonidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Gekkonidae, Lacertidae, Lamprophiidae, Leptotyphlopidae, Phyllodactylidae, Psammophiidae, Scincidae, Sphaerodactylidae, Varanidae, Typhlopidae, and Viperidae). Platyceps sinai, Psammophis sibilans, Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus, are recorded for the first time to the herpetofauna of Saudi Arabia. Range expansion for Euphlyctis ehrenbergii and Acanthocercus adramitanus to northern Saudi Arabia is reported. Our records expand the known distribution range of the Arabian Cobra, Naja arabica, further northwest.

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Alatar, Abdulrahman, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, and Jacob Thomas. "Retraction notice “Vegetation analysis of Wadi Al-Jufair, a hyper arid region in Najd, Saudi Arabia” [Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 19 (1) (2012) 43–54]." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 19, no. 3 (July 2012): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.06.004.

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Al-Ageel, Hessah. "Requests in Saudi Pidgin Arabic." Business Management and Strategy 6, no. 1 (July 11, 2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v6i1.7682.

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This study aims to investigate Saudi Pidgin Arabic (SPA) as one of the linguistic varieties that has emerged as a result of the interaction between Saudis and Asian workers. Linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis has been conducted for requestive expressions made by two generations of Saudi female speakers to female Asian workers in the cafeteria of a governmental institute in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study shows that the use of SPA is largely limited to the simplest forms of verb and noun phrases that are used in Najdi Arabic (the variety that is used in the middle region of Arabian Peninsula), the lexifier language of SPA. The impact of English on the younger generation is shown by the tendency of younger participants to employ English expressions. A sociolinguistic analysis also shows the impact of the social variables of power, status, social distance and the age of the requester.

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Al-Dosary, Naji Mordi Naji. "Evaluation of Soil Characteristics for Agricultural Machinery Management and Cropping Requirements in AL Aflaj Oasis, Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 7991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137991.

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Saudi Arabia’s topographic features have great significance and impact on the diversity of physical environments for plant growth and agricultural activities. Cultivated land is at a premium in Saudi Arabia, and soil evaluation is increasingly important. Thus, the intended purpose of this investigation was to determine both the genesis and soil properties to improve the management of arid soil, which is represented by Al-Aflaj Oasis, during tillage operations. The parameters of this research output were the soil’s chemical and physical properties. Data were collected from field experiments by drilling and evaluating soil profiles using soil sampling tools. This study classified the soil of Al Aflaj Oasis, which is a part of the Najd Plateau. It analyzed the soil profile, the failure to provide nutrients for agricultural production, and the impact of spring floods, modern equipment, fertilizer management, and irrigation methods on agricultural prospects. Topographic and geological maps provided the origin of the soils in the area. The morphological description included measurements and characterization of soil horizons and boundaries, moisture status, soil texture, construction, cohesion, estimation of calcium carbonate, and other morphological phenomena. Laboratory analysis measured the soil particle size, soluble salts, calcium carbonate, organic material, electrical conductivity, and percentages of silt, clay, and sand. The soil was deep, with a coarse texture characterized as sandy to sandy clay; the gravel content ranged from 19.70 to 62.50%, with a cohesive structure at the bottom of the soil profile and slight cohesion at the surface. The soil had low organic matter content, and a hard layer of calcium existed at a depth of 100 cm. The soil was classified as arable land within a subgroup of Typic Haplocalcids. Chemical analysis showed low salinity, slight alkalinity, and high calcium carbonate (22–64%). The soil underwent a historical transformation. To enhance agricultural potential, the chemical and physical properties need adjustment by introducing organic matter, intensive deep cultivation, diversification of agricultural fertilizers, and careful irrigation management. Since recent cultivation has been limited to a depth of 100 cm, the hard calcium carbonate layer should be considered carefully. Future crop cultivation should include deep plowing (e.g., chisel and furrow plows) to fragment the solid soil structure and facilitate suitable farming practices, and the growth of plants in the lands affected by the ancient overflows of the Al Aflaj springs, such as the Al Aflaj Oasis, can be made productive and consistent with other agricultural areas.

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Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Reem A. Al-Ahaidib, Raedah I. Alharbi, Rana M. Al-Otaibi, and Gadah Albasher. "Antimicrobial Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Aaronsohnia factorovskyi Extract." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010130.

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The green biosynthesis of nanoparticles by plant extracts is an attractive and promising technique for medicinal applications. In the current study, we chose one of the daisy plants, Aaronsohnia factorovskyi (which grows in the Najd region, Saudi Arabia), to investigate its anti-microbial efficacy, in combination with silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillussubtilis (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, (Gram-negative) using the disc diffusion method, while the antifungal activity was assessed against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Helminthosporiumrostratum, and Alternariaalternata. The potential phytoconstituents of the plant extracts were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques, the Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, and Zeta potential analysis. The current study revealed the ability of the tested plant extract to convert silver ions to silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 104–140 nm. Biogenic Aaronsohnia factorovskyi-silver nanoparticles (AF-AgNPs) showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter to 19.00 ± 2.94 mm, and antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, which reduced the growth of fungal yarn to 1.5 mm. The innovation of the present study is that the green synthesis of NPs, which is simple, cost-effective, provides stable nano-materials, and can be an alternative for the large-scale synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

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Sultan, Mohamed, Raymond E. Arvidson, Ian J. Duncan, Robert J. Stern, and Baher El Kaliouby. "Extension of the Najd Shear System from Saudi Arabia to the central eastern desert of Egypt based on integrated field and LANDSAT observations." Tectonics 7, no. 6 (December 1988): 1291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc007i006p01291.

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Kusky, Timothy M., and Mohamed I. Matsah. "Neoproterozoic dextral faulting on the Najd Fault System, Saudi Arabia, preceded sinistral faulting and escape tectonics related to closure of the Mozambique Ocean." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 206, no. 1 (2003): 327–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.206.01.16.

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Khogali, Hind Abdel Moneim. "Development of Heritage Places under Unesco Guidelines Case Study: Al Maliha Neighbourhood in Riyadh City." International Journal of Global Sustainability 1, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijgs.v1i1.11481.

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Riyadh, capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is the largest city in the Kingdom. It is also the capital of Riyadh Province, and is located in the historical regions of Najd and Al-Yamama and in the center of the Arabian Peninsula, on a vast plateau. Densely populated, with over 5.7 million people, it is the urban center of a region with about 7.3 million people. It consists of 15 municipal districts under the management of Riyadh Municipality, headed by the mayor of Riyadh, and the Riyadh Development Authority, chaired by the Governor of Riyadh Province.This research aims at dealing with the development of Al Maliha Neighborhood, as a case study of development of heritage places.Al Maliha neighbourhood is located in the center of Riyadh, bounded on the north by AL Jomla Suq and market, in the south by Al Salam garden, in the west by King Fahad Street and in the east by warehouses and a school from the south. There are also old heritage houses in the southeast of the area. The proposed project will develop the old heritage area, re-use it as a Heritage Museum, and demolish the warehouses to establish new galley rooms and Heritage research center.The research methodology will follow the UNESCO regulations and guidelines followed for conservation of heritage places. It will also adopt Riyadh Municipality, and the Riyadh Development Authority regulations for the development of heritage places. The project is proposed for architectural students at level four in Dar Al Uloom University, to be completed within four months and presented for Prince Sultan Award 2006 for Heritage.The aim of the research is to follow the KSA strategy in protecting and maintaining historical places like Al Daraya, old palaces and old mosques. The project will give a proposal study in managing and developing heritage places, by following the UNESCO guideline for heritage places and Riyadh Municipality regulations.The research outlines conclusions and recommendations to decision makers, for application in the development of Al Maliha neighbourhood applied in developing Al Maliha neighbourhood

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AL-NUGHAITHER, Ahmed Muhammad Muhanna. "STUDY OF METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF IMPLEMENTING ROCK DRAWINGS OF NEWLY DISCOVERED ROCK DRAWINGS IN SEVERAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN NAJD REGION - KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Heritage Research 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijmshr.2019.179936.

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Mohamed Ali SABRA, Ali. "A TECHNICAL STUDY OF THE INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE SUBJECTS OF THE DISCOVERED ROCK DRAWINGS AND METHODS OF PRESERVATION IN ALIA NAJD AREA IN SAUDI ARABIA." International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2018.181049.

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Muhammad Magloth, Fahd Salem. "The Phenomenon of Mitigation in The Contemporary Hail Dialect, a Lexicon of (Fasih Al-‘Ami in The North of Najd by ‘Abd Al-Rahman Al-Suwayda’) as a Model." Al-Dad Journal 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 90–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/aldad.vol6no2.7.

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Deletion is one of the most important means of mitigation in the Ha’il dialects, and the hamza in the Ha’il dialects is permissible in which three rulings are permitted: it be reduced, omitted, or replaced by Ya. Most of the deletion of the mitigation in the Ha’il dialects goes as far as deleting the hamza; Because it is from the extreme of the throat, and it is one of the strongest letters, and the substitution of the hamza ya or wawa in the chapter of mitigation is the second level of mitigation in the Ha’il dialects. The research revealed the confusion between the deletion of the hamza and its reduction in the lexicon (Faseh al-Ami in the north of Najd by Abd al-Rahman al-Suwayda). Aspects of mitigation appeared in the Ha’il dialect in five ways: 1- Deletion 2- Reducing the hamza 3- Facilitating the hamza 4- Substitution of a letter with a weaker letter such as ya and waw 5- Expansion of use in the spatial heart section 6- Elimination of convergence of homologous in the chapter on immersion 7- Substitution of a letter of the gender of another letter in the chapter on the heart The slur. This research proceeds according to the descriptive approach, which is based on the analysis of texts in the Hail region. Through the research, objectives emerged, including highlighting the cultural product of Hail, the most prominent linguistic shifts in it, and the reasons for that; And standing on the linguistic and cultural phenomena as a tributary of the tributaries that contribute to the realization of the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030.

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Sultan, Mohamed, Ian J. Duncan, Raymond E. Arvidson, Robert J. Stern, and Baher El Kaliouby. "Reply [to “Comment on ‘Extension of the Najd Shear System from Saudi Arabia to the central eastern Desert of Egypt based on integrated field and LANDSAT observations’”]." Tectonics 9, no. 3 (June 1990): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc009i003p00539.

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Syafaq, Hammis. "Kontroversi Seputar Tradisi Keagamaan Popular dalam Masyarakat Islam." ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 2, no. 1 (January 22, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/islamica.2007.2.1.1-15.

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This paper deals with a controversy concerning a popular religious practice that some ‘ulama have been involved in. On this issue, the ‘ulama are divided into those who reject it and those who accept it. Those who reject it are associated with the puritan Muslims who generally argue that the popular religious practices are form of bid‘ah. Among the puritans are Ibn Taymîyah (d. 1328) and Muhammad ‘Abd al-Wahhab (d. 1791) the founding-father of Wahhabîyah school of thought in Najd, Saudi Arabia. Although the two have continuously waged an intellectual war on popular religious practices, these practices have nonetheless survived to this day.This paper proposes an approach that might be useful to the study of popular religious practices. It contends that the controversy on this issue may in fact be used as a framework in which the validity of certain religious tradition may be evaluated. A rejection toward certain religious practices is in fact deemed necessary as long as this is not destructive to the very structure of religion.On further note, the differences in opinion between those who reject and those who accept can actually be reconciled simply because the two have a lot in common in terms of their aims and final goals. They are not contradictive so far as the two are deemed as subjective efforts to understand the real meaning of Islam. On the ground that the two are a form of understanding, the one cannot be said as truer than the other just as the two cannot be said as representing the true teaching of the Qur’ân and the Sunnah. Nonetheless, put together the two have indeed gave a more comprehensive picture of what Islam is all about.

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Alrasheedi, Eisa S. "Flaps and Trills in Najdi and Hijazi Arabic." International Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 6 (December 4, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i6.20592.

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This study is an investigation of flaps and trills in Najdi and Hijazi Arabic, which are the most spoken Arabic varieties in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on how flaps and trills behave in relation to vowels and consonants in the two varieties of Arabic. The data in this study were collected from four Hijazi and five Najdi participants. A total number of 730 sentences were read by the participants. It was found that /r/, which is the underlying phoneme, surfaces as [r] when it occurs word-initially or after a [-coronal] consonant, a [+voiced] consonant, or a [-coronal, +voiced] consonant, otherwise /r/ surfaces as [ɾ]. In Najdi Arabic, /ɾ/, which is the underlying phoneme, surfaces as [r] after a [-coronal, +voiced] consonant; otherwise /ɾ/ surfaces as [ɾ] elsewhere. Also, it was found that Najdi Arabic violates the sonority hierarchy, as in [ɾtaʕ] and [batɾ], in which the segments in the onset of [ɾtaʕ] and the coda of [batɾ] do not maintain the universal sonority hierarchy: glides>liquids>nasals>obstruents, which is maintained in Hijazi Arabic. This paper argues that rhotics in both varieties of Arabic may be sensitive to the preceding adjacent consonants, but not to vowels.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Najd (Saudi Arabia)'

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