Bibliographies: 'Names, Geographical, English'

1

Ren, Hongkai, Xi Mao, Weijun Ma, Jizhou Wang, and Linyun Wang. "An English-Chinese Machine Translation and Evaluation Method for Geographical Names." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 3 (2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030139.

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In recent years, with increasing international communication and cooperation, the consensus of toponymic information among different countries has become increasingly important. A large number of English geographical names are in urgent need of translation into Chinese, but there are few studies on machine translation of geographical names at present. Therefore, this paper proposes a method of automatically translating English geographical names into Chinese. First, the lexical structure of the geographic names is analyzed to divide the whole name into two parts, the special name and the general name, in an approach based on the statistical template model that implements pointwise mutual information and a directed acyclic graph data structure on the extracted names from different categories of a geographical name corpus. Second, the two parts of the geographic names are translated. The general name can be directly translated via methods of free translation. For the transliteration of the special name, the phonetic symbols are generated based on the cyclic neural network, and then, the syllables are divided based on the minimum entropy and converted into Chinese characters. Finally, the two parts of Chinese characters are combined, and criteria are prepared to evaluate the translation reliability according to the translation process to realize automatic quality inspection and screening of geographical names. As the experimental results show, the method is effective in the translation process of English geographic names into Chinese. This method can be easily extended to other languages such as Arabic.

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2

Yi, Mi Sook, and Jong Wook Ahn. "Research on Principles to Transcribe Geographical Names in English for English Version Electronic Map Service." Journal of Korea Spatial Information Society 21, no. 5 (2013): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12672/ksis.2013.21.5.053.

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3

Falileyev, Alexander I. "Geographic Names of Flintshire, Wales. Review of the book: Owen H. W., & Gruffydd, K. L. Place-names in Flintshire. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2017. 272 p." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.014.

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The new book on the toponymy of Flintshire is notable in several respects, including the scope of the study that goes well beyond the geographical borders of this county. This review addresses the virtues and the shortcomings of the publication. Two academic monographs, several books for a wider audience, and a number of articles had already been devoted to Flintshire’s geographical names. A new study is considered against this background and includes an analysis of the book, its features, and the evaluation of the authors’ contribution to the study of the toponymy of North East Wales. The book covers 801 geographical names of 753 places in Flintshire (Welsh Sir y Fflint) before the administrative reform of 1994. Given that 62% of the toponyms under study (including those that disappeared from modern maps) are Welsh, the review focuses on the analysis of this set of data, with attention to chronological layers and the etymologies of some geographical names, as well as their translation into English. The author points out that the English layer of Flintshire’s toponymy deserves a more detailed coverage. The layout of the data in this work makes it possible to express some considerations regarding the general trends observed in the toponymic studies of Wales.

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4

Meırbekov, A. K., A. E. Smatova, and B. M. Tіleýberdıev. "Features of Representation of Color Names in Kazakh and English Toponyms." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 4, no. 118 (2020): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-0686.048.

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This article deals with the study of toponyms of Kazakh and English toponymy in the context of cognitive linguistics and the mechanism of interpretation of representation and perception of color names in toponyms and the principles of construction of these mechanisms. Toponyms are analyzed as a speech expression processed in the consciousness of the linguistic image of the world-the relationship of man and the environment. The modern stage of place names in cognitive research includes the consideration of language as one of the cognitive subsystems and onomastic vocabulary in the formulation of surrounding truths. The composition of the national toponymic picture of the world determines the motivation of the land-water names made in relation to the color names. Studying the combination of onym appellation, nominated from the attributes of the colors used in both languages. The color designation in toponyms is considered in connection with the peculiarities of geographical objects and their perception by human visual organs. Due to the fact that the external world is transmitted to different peoples in the form of specific idioethnic patterns, in place names of different ethnic groups, color symbols are recognized by new facets. The article discusses the color characteristics of the space in the names earth-water, given as a sample. Various approaches to the nature of the color components of geographical names are analyzed, and the possibility of symbolic and orientational interpretation of color is shown. The fact that the color in toponyms can serve as an orientation function, and not just as an indicator of the horizon side, also does not go unnoticed. The toponyms also present the results of research related to the nature of the object in which the symbolism of color orientation is nominated.

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5

Meırbekov, A. K., A. E. Smatova, and B. M. Tіleýberdıev. "Features of Representation of Color Names in Kazakh and English Toponyms." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 4, no. 118 (2020): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-0686.048.

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This article deals with the study of toponyms of Kazakh and English toponymy in the context of cognitive linguistics and the mechanism of interpretation of representation and perception of color names in toponyms and the principles of construction of these mechanisms. Toponyms are analyzed as a speech expression processed in the consciousness of the linguistic image of the world-the relationship of man and the environment. The modern stage of place names in cognitive research includes the consideration of language as one of the cognitive subsystems and onomastic vocabulary in the formulation of surrounding truths. The composition of the national toponymic picture of the world determines the motivation of the land-water names made in relation to the color names. Studying the combination of onym appellation, nominated from the attributes of the colors used in both languages. The color designation in toponyms is considered in connection with the peculiarities of geographical objects and their perception by human visual organs. Due to the fact that the external world is transmitted to different peoples in the form of specific idioethnic patterns, in place names of different ethnic groups, color symbols are recognized by new facets. The article discusses the color characteristics of the space in the names earth-water, given as a sample. Various approaches to the nature of the color components of geographical names are analyzed, and the possibility of symbolic and orientational interpretation of color is shown. The fact that the color in toponyms can serve as an orientation function, and not just as an indicator of the horizon side, also does not go unnoticed. The toponyms also present the results of research related to the nature of the object in which the symbolism of color orientation is nominated.

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6

Cox, Barrie. "The pattern of Old English burh in early Lindsey." Anglo-Saxon England 23 (December 1994): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100004488.

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In Lincolnshire as a whole, place-names which have Old English burh ‘a fortified place’ as their generics fall into two distinct geographical groups (fig. 1). In the northern half of the county, the locations of these names suggest that a comprehensive system of defence was eventually created for the territory of the Lindisfaran. In the far south, the two isolated instances of burh may signal original strongholds of Middle Angles styled in The Tribal Hidage the Bilmigas (but who on place-name evidence are more correctly to be called the Billingas) and the Gyrwe. It is, however, the burh names in that region defined as Lindsey in The Lindsey Survey of the reign of Henry I (1100–35) which are the focus of this paper.

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7

Mazi – Leskovar, Darja. "Names in Literary Translation: A Case Study of English Versions of the Slovenian Tale Martin Krpan." Acta Neophilologica 50, no. 1-2 (2017): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.50.1-2.137-152.

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This article presents three English translations of the Slovenian tale Martin Krpan z Vrha (1858) by Fran Levstik and focuses on the translation of personal and geographical names with the aim of examining the application of domestication and foreignization translation strategies. The comparative analysis of the English names aims to find out if the cultural gap between the source and the target cultures has been diminishing over the years. The study also highlights the role of the chronotope that gives the work, one of the most frequently translated Slovenian texts, a distinctive cultural character.

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8

Saidova, Mohira Rasulovna, and Dilbar Gulyamovna Sharipova. "THE CULIN THE CULINARY NAMES IN TEXT AMES IN TEXTS OF NATIONAL AND CUL AL AND CULTURAL ATTITUDE." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 2 (2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/2/3.

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Introduction. By its very nature, a way of existence and potential possibility - language occupies a special place in the system of values and priorities of a cultures. Language and culture are seen as co-development factors enrichment - and existence. Participating in a single historical process, each nation in a special way perceives and evaluates the world around him, which depends on many factors: the peculiarities of historical development, lifestyle, geographic and climatic conditions of living, customs and traditions. National literature is worthy general - of people. Fiction reflects the historical era, with socio-political structure, geographical conditions, especially to - one the customs and traditions of the people. The names of such realities as dishes are constantly found in the works of Russian and English classics.

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9

A. E. Smatova, B. M. Tileuberdiyev, A. K. Meirbekov, and Turgay Han. "THE CONCEPT OF "PLANTS" IN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH TOPONYMIC SPACE." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (2020): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.17.

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The purpose of this paper is to present and exploit fundamental information, such as semantic meanings and geographical features, of phytotoponyms (a type of toponym that includes plant names) in Kazakhstan and the UK (United Kingdom). Toponymy data for this study were obtained from the place names database of Kazakhstan and the UK (United Kingdom). The results showed that the most common plant names recognisable in place names are common plants that have a close connection with daily life and positive morals in Kazakh and English culture and literature. The occurrence of plant names can reflect the characteristic plants of a city. The vegetation coverage rate where phytotoponyms are located is higher than that in non-phytotoponym areas. Altitude has a stronger correlation with the number of phytotoponyms than slope and vegetation coverage degree. The toponymic image of the world can be characterized from two sides as the relation to the ethnos (nation, nationality) and to the person (toponymic person, representative of the nation). A phytotoponym is also defined as a unit of vocabular relating to the area of spatial relationships and reflecting the location of a particular specified object.

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10

Lestari, Ni Putu Devi, I. Made Winaya, and I. Gst Ayu Gede Sosiowati. "Translation Procedures in Translating Proper Names from English into Indonesian." Humanis 24, no. 4 (2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2020.v24.i04.p06.

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Translation procedure is a procedure or a method to translate the unit of language from the source language to the target language. Every linguistic part needs to be translated. It means including the proper names in the literary work. This study is aimed at identifying and analyzing the types of the proper name and their translation procedures in the novel entitled Pembunuhan di Orient Express. The problems in this study are discussed based on the theory of proper name and the theory of the translation procedure by Newmark (1988). The method used to collect the data was documentation method. This study applied the descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data. The result of the analysis was presented using an informal method. The analysis showed three types of proper names in the data sources. They are people’s names, the name of an object, and the geographical term. The translator uses seven methods from 18 translation procedures that were proposed by Newmark (1988).

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Academic literature on the topic 'Names, Geographical, English'

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