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Journal articles on the topic 'Names, Iranian'
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1
Kirakosian, Hasmik. "Les traces de l’iranien ancien *sikā- « pierre » dans la toponymie iranienne." Iran and the Caucasus 19, no. 3 (October 9, 2015): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20150304.
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The article examines different attestations of the Old Iranian lexeme *sikā- “sand, stone, break stone” in the Iranian place names. The author attempts to present a tentative list of place-names (river names) having as one of their components the regular reflex of the above-mentioned Old Iranian proto-form (i.e. sī < sīγ, or səγ). Among the mountain names with the same lexeme there is only one reliable form
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Asatrian, Garnik. "SWIran. *didā- “fortress, walled residence” in Iranian Toponymy." Iran and the Caucasus 21, no. 4 (December 23, 2017): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20170406.
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The paper deals with the identification of the Iranian place-names produced with the lexical elements derived from South West Iranian *didā-/*daidā- “fortress, a fortified walled residence” (vs. North West Iranian *dizā-/*daizā- ‘id.’), hitherto assumed to be absent from the geographic nomenclature of Iran and the adjoining areas.
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Ghalekhani, Golnar, and Mahdi Khaksar. "A Thematic and Etymological Glossary of Aquatic and Bird Genera Names in Iranian Bundahišm." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 62 (October 2015): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.62.39.
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The purpose of this study is to present a thematic and etymological glossary of aquatic and bird genera names which have been mentioned in Iranian Bundahišn. In this research, after arranging animal names in Persian alphabetic order in their respective genus, first the transliteration and transcription of animal names in middle Persian language are provided. Afterwards, the part of Bundahišn that contains the actual animal names and the relevant translations are mentioned. The etymology of every animal name is described by considering the morphemic source. Finally, mention is made of the mythology connected to the animal and the animal category in Iranian Bundahišn (if available), and the way in which the words have changed from Old Persian up to now. Changes in the name of every animal from the ancient languages such as Indo-European, Sanskrit, Old Persian and Avestan to middle languages such as Pahlavi, Sogdian, Khotanese, and Chorasmian and how the name appears in new Iranian languages and dialects such as Behdini (Gabri), Kurdi, Baluchi and Yaghnobi are also referred to.
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HASSEMER, GUSTAVO. "Notes on the montane Indo-Iranian species in Plantago subgenus Plantago (Plantaginaceae)." Phytotaxa 336, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.336.1.4.
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A series of nomenclatural and taxonomic misunderstandings have surrounded the montane Indo-Iranian species in Plantago subgenus Plantago. This work has the objective of clarifying the nomenclature and taxonomy for the species and subspecies names available for these plants, in order to determine the correct species names for these entities. More specifically, P. tatarica is here lectotypified and re-established, P. griffithii is re-established, and P. aitchisonii is synonymised with P. griffithii. I provide here images of the types of the names studied, and also an identification key to Plantago subgenus Plantago in the Indo-Iranian region (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka).
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Nalyvaiko, Serhii. "Semantic Nest “Male”, “Bull” in the Indo-Iranian Hydronymy of Eastern Europe." Ukrainian Studies, no. 1(82) (May 31, 2022): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.1(82).2022.256275.
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The article analyzes the set of hydronymic names of Eastern Europe, which should be associated with a number of Indo-Iranian lexical bases of the semantic nest “male”, “bull”. It is shown that in addition to completely transparent names for Vol-, Byk-/Bych-, Bui-, Scot-, Tur- etc., which are convincingly interpreted from Slavic languages, the hydronym map of Eastern Europe is represented by less obvious “male” names, decorated with archaic Indo-Iranian lexemes var, go, ukshan, vrish, etc., belonging to the substrate layer of Eastern European hydronymy. A significant number of such names, the semantics of which in many cases are further confirmed by the links of glossing and onomastic context, as well as their broad representation at the level of macrohydronymy of the region, define the semantic nest “male”, “bull” as one of the basic for the hydronymic map of Eastern Europe of the old age. The article offers a modern, more convincing, and methodologically more reasonable interpretation of a number of opaque and erroneously etymologized names of Eastern European hydronymy, made by referring to the Indo-Iranian linguistic and cultural tradition. This provides additional grounds for a significant clarification of the course and specifics of ethno-cultural processes in Eastern Europe in ancient times.
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Mahmoodi, Mohammad, Farrokh Ghahremaninejad, and Ali-Asghar Maassoumi. "Validation of the names of four Iranian plant taxa." Phytotaxa 227, no. 1 (September 18, 2015): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.1.11.
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Acantholimon flabellum Assadi (2005: 32), A. moradii Assadi (2005: 37), Cousinia farimanensis Assadi (2011: 6) and C. mozdouranensis Djavadi & Attar (2005: 287) were described from Iran without indication of the herbarium in which the holotype specimens were conserved. Therefore, these names were not validly published (Art. 40.7 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012) and need to validation.
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Zadok, Ron. "On some Iranian names in Aramaic documents from Egypt." Indo-Iranian Journal 29, no. 1 (1986): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000086790082208.
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Martirosyan, Hrach. "Armenian Personal Names of Iranian Origin from Siwnik‘ and Arc‘ax." Iran and the Caucasus 23, no. 1 (2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20190107.
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This paper aims to present seven Armenian personal names of Iranian origin from the Armenian historical provinces of Siwnik‘ and Arc‘ax: Dadi/Dadoy, Kohazat, Marhan, Mrhapet, Niw-dast, Niw-Xosrov, and *Oyz/Uz. These names are scantily attested in literature (almost all of them being hapaxes) and are, therefore, little known to scholarship.
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Kirakosian, Hasmik. "Observations sur les hydronymes caspiens." Iran and the Caucasus 17, no. 1 (2013): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20130104.
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The paper presents a study of several hydronyms and place-names (derived from rivernames) in the southwestern zone of the Caspian Sea, in Gilan and adjoining areas in the province of Ardabil in Iran. The analysis reveals lexical units of highly archaic nature in the geographic nomenclature of the mentioned region, especially among river-names. This concerns not only the forms of Iranian origin, but also those bearing obvious traits of a pre-Iranian linguistic substrate. Particularly, the author postulates such origin for a widespread hydro-toponymic lexeme meaning, as she thinks, “reed” (or “cane”), a characteristic attribute of the local landscape.
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NEGARESH, KAZEM, and SAYED MOHAMMAD REZA KHOSHROO. "Typification of five species names of the genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) from Iran." Phytotaxa 295, no. 1 (February 3, 2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.12.
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Laviola, Valentina. "Artisans’ Signatures from Pre-Mongol Iranian Metalwork. An Epigraphic and Palaeographic Analysis." Eurasian Studies 15, no. 1 (February 26, 2017): 80–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685623-12340027.
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Abstract The paper focuses on Iranian and Eastern Iranian artisans who signed metalwork datable up to the Mongol period. An updated list gathers 37 names, for the most already known but scattered in many different publications. The epigraphic and palaeographic analysis, supported by drawings of signatures, highlights general rules and specific exceptions.
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Son, N. O. "ROMAN NAMES IN OLBIAN PROSOPOGRAPHY." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.01.03.
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Prosopographical data is one of the most important sources for the study of ethnic structure of the Ancient Greek population in the Northern Pontic area. It should be noted that prosopography reflects mostly wealthier and usually socially privileged strata, the representatives of city elite and the officials whose names are recorded in epigraphic records. Roman names from Greek and Latin inscriptions of the first centuries AD in the lapidary epigraphy from Olbia are presented in the paper.
The names are put in the order according not to their traditional classification but to another approach basing on the name structure. Consequently the Roman names are divided into three groups: 1 — names with Greek structure; 2 — names with Roman structure and 3 — those composed of a single name. Each group consists of subgroups in which the ethnic origin of name is determined. Greek names with Roman structure, Roman (Latin) names with Greek structure, as well as mixed names including the elements of various ethnic and linguistic origin fit into this classification well. According to the name structure it can be already suggested that the bearers of the names of first group did not have the Roman citizenship, while the names of the second group belonged to the Roman citizens. Having received the Roman citizenship the names of new citizens should have consisted of three or two parts, not always Latin, but the name structure had to become traditional Roman one. The classification proposed the possibility to understand fundamental Greek traditions and new phenomena in prosopography of the first centuries AD. The list of names with short information is presented in the Appendix.
Nineteen Roman names with Greek structure (personal name and patronymic in the genitive case) and twenty four names with Roman structure are recorded in the Olbian lapidary epigraphy. They appeared in the city onomastics comparatively late: in the first half of the 2nd century.
There are only four names with Roman elements in the group of names of Greek structure. They have mostly mixed nature and compound Greek and Roman, Greek, Roman and Iranian, Roman and Iranian elements.
The group of names with Roman structure and Roman components contain mostly names consisting of two parts, peculiar for the Late Roman period onomastics. The subgroup of names with mixed elements contains the spesimens of two and three parts of Greek and Roman, Roman and Iranian and Roman and Thracian origin. It should be also noted that each single individual name cannot be considered the direct representation of ethnicity of its bearer.
The third group of Roman prosopography in Olbia is represented by a single name. Such names do not clearly indicate the social position of their bearers: they could be either socially depended or full citizens.
Consequently, there are 52 names with at least one Roman element. If we proceed from the fact that the Olbian onomastics of the first centuries AD is represented by 299 names, the Roman names make approximately 17.4 % and the people with Roman citizenship was approximately 8.4 % of general number of the Olbiopolites whose names are recorded in epigraphic monuments of Olbia.
Unlike Chersonesos and Tyras the members of Olbian civic community rarely received the rights of Roman citizenship and the percentage of names with Roman elements was lower here. This fact indicates first of all a certain peculiarity of Roman-Olbian relations in the general Roman policy towards North Pontic region. This circumstance reasoned the later and relatively weak Roman provincial influence on the city population which reflected in the prosopographical material from Olbia.
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Huyse, Philip. "‘Analecta Iranica’ Aus Den Demotischen Dokumenten Von Nord-Saqqara." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 78, no. 1 (October 1992): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339207800123.
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Rissel, Chris, and Freidoon Khavarpour. "Cervical Screening in Iranian Migrants." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 1 (1998): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98011.
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The cervical screening status of small and geographically diverse migrant communities is particularly difficult to assess. Usual approaches to migrant research such as telephone surveys using ethnically identifiable names or cluster sampling might not be feasible. Snowball sampling, although sometimes criticised for problems of inference with non-probability samples, might be the only cost-effective and viable alternative. Snowball sampling is the method of choice by sociologists studying networks and group interactions and has been shown to yield similar estimates of attitudes and demographic characteristics as probability sampling methods (Rumbaut, Chavez, Moser, Pickwell, & Wishik, 1988; Welch, 1975).
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Gentile, Simone. "Indo-Iranian personal names in Mitanni: A source for cultural reconstruction." Onoma 54 (2019): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34158/onoma.54/2019/8.
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De Chiara, Matteo. "Swāt Hydronymy at the Border between Iranian and Indo-Aryan Languages." Iran and the Caucasus 23, no. 1 (2019): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20190106.
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Swāt valley, located in the Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (KPK) province of the northern part of Pakistan, was known since the antiquity with the names of Uḍḍyāna (‘the garden’) and Suvāstu (‘the place of fine dwellings’). The Yusufuzai Pashtuns, whose penetration in the valley begun towards the 16th century, little by little replaced the probably autochthon Dardic populations who are actually confined in the northern mountainous part of the district, i.e. the Tehsils of Bahrain and Kalam. This article focuses on hydronymy and presents the first results of the toponymic project of the Swāt valley, held with the support of the Italian archaeological mission, working in Swāt since 1956 and continuing its researches under the direction of Luca Olivieri and the auspices of the ISMEO of Rome. As it is known, hydronymy is one of the most conservative branches of the toponymy: in the Swāt context, nearly all stream names are of Indo-Aryan (Dardic) origin, except names derived from the denomination of the Pashtun villages: this confirms all data provided by the archaeological excavations. This article will also provide some specific etymologies, aimed at showing the frontier position of Swāt at the border between Iranian and Indo-Aryan languages and cultures.
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Kryštufek, Boris, and Alexandr A. Pozdnyakov. "Common names for Cricetus cricetus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)." Lynx new series 49, no. 1 (2018): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2018-0014.
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We list over a hundred vernacular names for Cricetus cricetus, which are in use in English and in languages spoken within the distribution range of the species. These names belong to 36 languages (including three historical languages: Old Slavonic, Old Czech, Old High German) from nine linguistic groups: Slavic (13 spoken languages), Uralic (6), Turkic (4), German (3), Romanic (3), Romani (1), Iranian (1), Mongolic (1), and Chinese (1). The two currently most used names (Hamster, Cricetus) have roots in Slavic languages. “Hamster” and names related to it (Hamsterul, Homyak, Chomik, Komak) originate from the Old Slavonic “Homěstor”. “Skrzeczeck”/“Skreczecz” (Polish) is an example of onomatopoeia, an imitation of the hamster’s vocalization and is closely associated with various names in other Slavic languages (Skrečok, Křeč, Křeček, Chrček, Hrček, Hrčak, Gerčik), German (Grentsch, Krietsch), Romanian (Hârciog), and Hungarian (Hörcsög), and with the scientific tautonym Cricetus cricetus. Cricetus was first used by Albertus Magnus in the 13th century.
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Ognibene, Paolo. "A Matter of Metals: Finno-Ugric and Northern Iranian." Iran and the Caucasus 24, no. 2 (June 23, 2020): 196–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20200205.
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Vsevolod Miller in the third part of his Ossetic Studies considered the names of the metals both in Iron and Digoron, with particular reference to those of Finno-Ugric origin, in order to determine the way followed by the Alans to reach the Northern Caucasus in the first century A.D. In this paper Miller's theory is examined in the light of the historical linguistic data currently available.
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Longmuir, Anne. "The Language of History: Don DeLillo's The Names and the Iranian Hostage Crisis." Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 46, no. 2 (January 2005): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/crit.46.2.105-122.
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BIDARLORD, MAHMOUD, and FARROKH GHAHREMANINEJAD. "A checklist of Iranian Grasses." Phytotaxa 574, no. 1 (November 25, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.1.1.
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This paper provides a taxonomic treatment for the large angiosperm family, the Poaceae, in Iran. The last comprehensive review of Iranian Grasses (Poaceae) dates back to half a century ago in Flora Iranica. Since then, a number of taxa have been described as new species or newly recorded from Iran, and some names have been placed in synonym. This study presents a comprehensive and updated account of all reported Iranian grasses and their classification. The results include 128 genera, 477 species, 64 subspecies and 44 varieties belonging to 37 subtribes, 19 tribes, and seven subfamilies, of which 28 taxa are endemic for Iran. The genera, Elymus, with 7 species and Festuca, with 5 species have the highest number of endemic species. The most diverse genera in Iran are, Bromus (39 spp.), Festuca (27 spp.), Stipa (27 spp.), and Poa (26 spp.). Poeae is the largest tribe, and Pooideae is the largest subfamily in Iran. This paper provides a new name, Festuca neopersica a new combination, Leymus europaeus as well as nomenclatural modifications on the basis of recent taxonomic and molecular investigation of Poaceae taxa related to Iran. The comparison of the species distribution in Iran with that in neighboring countries indicates that Turkey has the most and the Arabian Peninsula the least species in common with Iran, with 305 (64%) and 156 (32%) species, respectively. The species shared with Iran, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia are placed mainly in PACMAD clade, while the species shared with Iran, Turkey and Transcaucasia are mainly placed in PEB clade. Grasslands in Iran are in need of more protection as a result of climatic change and human actions.
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Kreidl, Julian. "An Eastern Iranian Lunar Deity and Her Epithet." Iran and the Caucasus 26, no. 3 (August 10, 2022): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20220304.
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In this paper, it is argued that in certain areas of pre-Islamic Eastern Iran the common lunar deity was not the male *māh- like in most regions of Western Iran, Bactria, and Sogdiana, but instead the feminine *māsti- with a prominent epithet, which may go back to *uxšma-kā-/*uxšma-kī- ‘the waxing one’ or, alternatively, *us-šma-kā-/*us-šma-kī- ‘the one who shines up’. In some parts of Badakhshan, her epithet even turned into the primary name of the goddess and the moon. This claim can be substantiated by the various names for ‘moon’ and ‘moonlight’ in Eastern Iranian languages for which I want to lay out a detailed historical development, as well as the Bactrian and Sogdian theophoric personal name ϸομογοβανδαγο/ʾxšwmβntk.
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LJUBOMIROV, TOSHKO, and HASSAN GHAHARI. "An annotated checklist of Mutillidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) from Iran." Zootaxa 3449, no. 1 (September 3, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3449.1.1.
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An annotated list for 151 species group-names recorded from territory of modern Iran during two hundred years (1811–2011) of research is given. The list is based on the original literature sources and consideration of geopolitical changes of Persian/Iranian country borders and administrative subregion borders during this period. The occurrence of 92 species in 25 genera for Iran is verified. The records of four specific names from Iran are reqiured in clarification. An information about the sex on which the relevant species has been recorded and the distribution by provinces is presented and illustrated on maps. Subsequent missspelling beludzhistanica Lelej 2002 (in genus Dentilla) is not valid.
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Foltz, Richard. "From Zanzibar to Zaytun: Iranian Merchants across the Indian Ocean Basin." Iran and the Caucasus 22, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20180203.
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The role of Iranian merchants in the maritime trade of the Indian Ocean basin from antiquity up to the 16th century is often underestimated. From scholarly histories to popular culture the “Muslim sailor” is typically portrayed as being an Arab. In fact, from pre-Islamic times the principal actors in Indian Ocean trade were predominantly Persian, as attested by the archaeological data, local written records, and the names of places and individuals.
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Zanous, Hamidreza Pasha, and Juping Yang. "Arsacid Cities in the Hanshu and Houhanshu." Iran and the Caucasus 22, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20180202.
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In the reports of Chinese travellers submitted to the Emperors, they mentioned the places they had visited or heard of. Although some scholars have tried to identify these Chinese names as specific places in the Iranian Plateau and its bordering plains, their locations are still somewhat vague and debatable. This article discusses the place-names mentioned in Chinese sources and attempts to verify that they could have denoted the localities along the ancient Great Khorasan Road and other routes, which were once the main sections of the Silk Road. Among them, the route that Chinese traveller Gan Ying might have passed before he reached the western frontier of the Arsacid Empire will also be discussed in this study.
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Buharova, G. H. "Bashkir place names derived from the substrate geographical terms of the Indo-Iranian origin." Rossiiskii Gumanitarnyi Zhurnal 5, no. 5 (2016): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.15643/libartrus-2016.5.9.
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Jam, Pedram. "Hrakʿotperož and Spandaranperož: Armenian Gawaṙs and Sasanian Šahrs." Iran and the Caucasus 21, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-90000005.
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This paper tries to add more geographical details about two cantons of the Armenian Pʿaytakaran region as described in Ašxarhacʿoycʿ: Hrakʿotperož and Spandaranperož. These two cantons find their original Middle Persian names in sigillographic or literary (Middle and New Persian, and occasionally Arabic) sources. Pʿaytakaran, regarded as a region once belonging to the greater Armenia, was already under Iranian dominion and subject to Sasanian policy and its administrative reforms.
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Candel, Sandra L., and Shahla Fayazpour. "Experiencing Anti-Immigrant Policies on Both Sides of the U.S./Mexico Borderland: A Comparative Study of Mexican and Iranian Families." Education Sciences 9, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020148.
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The experiences of Mexican and Iranian immigrant families are often unheard and unpacked. The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine how race, ethnicity, and national identity are at the core of the sociopolitical and economic issues that Latino and Iranian families undergo in the United States. Using critical race theory as a framework, this research analyzed the ways in which Mexican immigrant families who were deported, and Iranian-immigrant families living in the United States, have been differently affected by post 9/11 anti-immigrant policies and by zero tolerance policies enacted by the Trump administration. The research question guiding this study was: How do U.S. anti-immigrant policies affect Iranian and Mexican immigrant families and their children’s futures? Our findings uncovered that both groups were negatively affected, however, in different ways. Iranian immigrant parents worried about their socioeconomic status in the United States and their children’s future. They also feared that their relatives might not be able to visit them due to the U.S. Muslim Travel Ban placed on people from seven Muslim-majority countries, including Iran. On the other hand, Mexican immigrants who lived in the United States undocumented were deported to Mexico. However, after deportation, and responding to the threat of the Trump administration to deport millions more, the Mexican government provided dual citizenship to U.S.-born children of Mexican returnees to facilitate their access to government services, including education. All people and place names are pseudonyms.
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CHEN, SANPING, and VICTOR H. MAIR. "A “Black Cult” in Early Medieval China: Iranian-Zoroastrian Influence in the Northern Dynasties." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 27, no. 2 (January 24, 2017): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186316000584.
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AbstractThrough an analysis of Chinese theophoric names - a genre that emerged in the early medieval period largely under heavy Iranian-Sogdian influence - we suggest that there was a contemporary ‘black worship’ or ‘black cult’ in northern China that has since vanished. The followers of this ‘black cult’ ranged from common people living in ethnically mixed frontier communities to the ruling echelons of the Northern Dynasties. By tapping into the fragmentary pre-Islamic Iranian-Sogdian data, we link this ‘black cult’ to the now nearly forgotten ancient Iranic worship of the Avestan family of heroes centered around Sāma. This religio-cultural exchange prompts an examination of the deliberate policy by the ethnic rulers of the Northern Dynasties to attract Central Asian immigrants for political reasons, a precursor to the Semu, the Mongols’ ‘assistant conquerors’ in the Yuan dynasty.
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Alikberov, Alikber К., and Oleg А. Mudrak. "Arran and the Neighbouring Countries in the Parthanian Text of the 3rd Century Trilingual Inscription at Ka’ba-ye Zartosht (ŠКZ)." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.010.
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The paper continues the discussion about the historical onomastics of Caucasian Albania. The previous article named “Historical Names Albania, Aluank, and Alan in Cross-Cultural Communication” established the existence of a common etymological source of the names Albania, Aluank, and Alans. The present study focuses on toponyms of the western part of the Persian (Sasanian) empire mentioned in the Parthian part of the trilingual inscription on the rock of Ka’ba-ye Zartosht (ŠKZ) near Persepolis (Iran), dating ca. 260–262 CE. The authors propose a corrected reading of the Parthian text of the ŠKZ inscription based on a detailed analysis of the script and existing knowledge about the historical phonology of the Parthian language. They introduce a revised phonetic transcription of the Parthian names for Media, Adiabene, and Caucasian Albania. Particularly interesting is the case of the historical toponym Arran corresponding to (the Caucasian) Albania/Aluank and opposed to the attributing element Alan which appears in the name of the “Gate of the Alans” in the same inscription. The authors explain the reasons for the emergence of the confusing word Ardan in the Parthian text. The graphical difference between the forms Arran and Alan and their cooccurrence within the same text may point to the different etymologies of these words. In this vein, the authors examine the use of the reflexes of the first term in the written languages of Transcaucasia showing the questionability of its Iranian origin and proposing an alternative interpretation based on North Caucasian languages.
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Tavakkol, Ehsan. "Milestones in the biography and the problem of periodization for Reza Valiʼs creativeness." Музикознавча думка Дніпропетровщини, no. 18 (November 13, 2020): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/222023.
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The purpose of this scientific article is to study the facts of the biography of the world-famous, celebrated contemporary (the turn of the XX – XXI centuries) Iranian-American composer Reza Vali. The aim for this represented investigative item is learning of the periodization concerning the Reza Valiʼs creativeness, his artistically musical compositions, setting the boundaries and names of periods of his creativity. In addition, the goal concerning submitted scientific article is considering the aspect of the influence of Western European and Iranian traditional music on the academic professional masterpieces were written by composer Reza Vali, revealing the composer's attitude to the ancient modal system Dástgâh / Mághâm. Methods. There are historical, genre-style, systemic as well as structural-analytical methods in the represented scientific article. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the article for the first time in world musicology presents biographical material about Reza Vali, also developed the periodization of his work, the boundaries and names of the periods of the composer's creative heritage have been established. Conclusions. Based on the study, the following conclusions were made: the periods of creativity of Reza Vali and their boundaries were established, a two-stage periodization of the composer's work was proposed and developed; the date of the beginning of the first and second periods in creativity has been clarified; the names of two periods of Reza Vali's creativity are proposed and substantiated; the stylistic features typical for the first and second periods of Reza Valiʼs creativity are revealed, a namely, the first Pittsburgh period of the composer's creativeness (from the 1978 to the 2000) and the second Pittsburgh period of the musician's creativity (from 2000 to the present).
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Asatrian, Garnik. "The Fingers and their Names in the Iranian Languages (Onomasiological Studies on Body-Part Terms, I)." Iran and the Caucasus 15, no. 1-2 (2011): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338411x12870596615872.
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Falahati Qadimi Fumani, Mohammad Reza, Marzieh Goltaji, and Pardis Parto. "Inconsistent transliteration of Iranian university names: a hazard to Iran’s ranking in ISI Web of Science." Scientometrics 95, no. 1 (July 21, 2012): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0818-2.
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Kenzhebaev, D., and D. Abdullaev. "Sogdian Archetypes in Chatkal Oronymy as an Ancient Substrate of Toponyms of Central Asia." Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/74/45.
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The relevance of studying the oronymy of the Chatkal area of Kyrgyzstan is associated with the fact that many mountain names are well preserved in sound and semantic terms. This factor is an important condition for studying the retrospective of any language, including the Turkic languages too. Also, in the sound shells of mountain names, despite their deep antiquity, long disappeared elements of languages that are in contact in the same linguistic area in the deep past have survived. As part of the mountain names of the Chatkal zone of the mountain ranges of Kyrgyzstan, individual morphemes and sounds of the ancient Turkic languages have been preserved, and at the same time, East Iranian topolexemes of the Indo-European language family are found. At the same time, the structure of oronyms to some extent shows the evolution of the language as a whole and of each tier in it - in particular. The history of the Kyrgyz language and its interaction with various systemic linguistic structures are reflected in the stratigraphy of oronymy. This allows you to explore the historical plan of the Turkic languages in more depth in the diachronic sense.
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Ivshin, Leonid Michaylovich. "ON SOME NAMES OF TREES IN WRITTEN MONUMENTS OF THE UDMURT LANGUAGE OF THE 18th CENTURY." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 16, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2022-16-3-387-396.
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In the proposed article, the author refers to some names of trees and shrubs, recorded in the written monuments of the Udmurt language of the 18th century. The forest with all the trees, shrubs and various herbs growing in it has always had and still has invaluable ecological, economic and social significance in human life. The realities of the plant world often belong to the oldest layers of the vocabulary of any language and always arouse the genuine interest of researchers, since their names, which fix the process of knowing and mastering the world of flora, reveal characteristic features of the national mentality. The purpose of this study is to identify the history of written fixation, etymology and ethnocultural features of the Udmurt names of some trees and shrubs: бадь [bad'] ‘willow’, бадяр [bad'ar] ‘maple’, беризь [beriz'] ‘linden’, гузэмпу [guzempu] ‘honeysuckle’ and лемышпу [l'em2špu] ‘cherry’, each of which in one form or another is reflected in the monuments of early Udmurt writing. To achieve the task, an empirical approach, methods and techniques of comparative historical and comparative linguistics were applied. The names of the phytonyms under consideration, found in written documents of the 18th century, are correlated with the names from later sources in the Udmurt language, if necessary, parallels are given from related and unrelated, and in some cases, contacting languages. The etymological analysis made it possible to identify the original names of the analyzed trees and shrubs that arose in the Ural ( бадь ‘willow’, бадяр ‘maple’) and Finno-Permian ( гузэмпу ‘honeysuckle’) epochs, as well as borrowed lexemes from the Tatar ( беризь ‘linden’) and Iranian ( лемышпу ‘cherry’) languages.
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Noormohammadi, Zahra, Mehdi Hosseini-Mazinani, Isabel Trujillo, Luis Rallo, Angjelina Belaj, and Majid Sadeghizadeh. "Identification and Classification of Main Iranian Olive Cultivars Using Microsatellite Markers." HortScience 42, no. 7 (December 2007): 1545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.7.1545.
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Numerous olive cultivars are cultivated in Iran, mainly in the north. Ninety-two accessions belonging to 10 main olive cultivars were screened by 13 microsatellite markers revealing high genetic variability both within and between cultivars. In total, 72 alleles were detected with a mean number of 5.5 alleles per locus. Twenty-four unique allelic patterns were observed, whereas six genotypes showed 15 unique alleles. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.98, whereas the mean number of discrimination power and polymorphic information content were 0.55 and 0.54, respectively. The combination of 5 simple sequence repeat markers made discrimination of 84% of all accessions included in the study possible. The existence of homonyms, synonyms, or mislabeling as well as intracultivar polymorphism was revealed by allele differences between accessions of the same denomination. The phenogram showed variability among as well as between some cultivars, but most accessions with the same generic names were grouped together.
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Primahana, Gian, Abolfazl Narmani, Frank Surup, Rémy Bertrand Teponno, Mahdi Arzanlou, and Marc Stadler. "Five Tetramic Acid Derivatives Isolated from the Iranian Fungus Colpoma quercinum CCTU A372." Biomolecules 11, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11060783.
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Submerged mycelial cultures of the ascomycete Colpoma quercinum CCTU A372 were found to produce five previously undescribed tetramic acids, for which we propose the trivial names colposetins A–C (1–3) and colpomenoic acids A and B (4 and 5), along with the known compounds penicillide (6) and monodictyphenone (7). The planar structures of 1–5 were determined by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) and extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Their absolute configurations were determined by the combination of electronic circular dischroism (ECD) analysis, J-based configurational analysis, and a rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) experiment. Colposetin B displayed weak antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Mucor hiemalis (MIC 67 µg/mL).
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ПЛИЕВА, З. Т., З. В. КАНУКОВА, and Б. В. ТУАЕВА. "PERSIAN VICE-CONSULS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS (1894 – 1920)." Kavkaz-forum, no. 10(17) (June 20, 2022): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2022.17.10.005.
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Исследование проведено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-59-56005 «Иранские диаспоры на Северном Кавказе в контексте российско-иранского взаимодействия (вторая половина ХIХ – первая треть ХХ века)»В истории иранского населения, обосновавшегося со второй половины ХIХ в. на Северном Кавказе, все еще сохраняются малоизвестные страницы и спорные вопросы, к числу которых следует отнести и деятельность персидских вице-консульств в регионе, которым посвящена настоящая статья. Актуальность темы исследования определяется важной ролью персидских вице-консулов в процессах адаптации иранцев к экономике, законодательству и культуре «принимающих» обществ Северного Кавказа, в развитии российско-иранских отношений в целом. Кроме своих непосредственных обязанностей, они выполняли функции неформальных лидеров, от которых зависел уровень инкорпорации иранцев в экономическое, социальное и культурное пространство региона, с одной стороны, и сохранение традиционного образа жизни, этнической идентичности, с другой. В руках вице-консула были сосредоточены механизмы всех индивидуальных и коллективных адаптивных практик иранской общины. Однако, несмотря на ключевую роль вице-консулов, организация их деятельности пока не получила должного исследовательского внимания. Цель настоящей статьи – восстановить хронологию деятельности вице-консулов, систему назначения, личные характеристики и определить роль в организации диаспорной жизни на территории распространения их влияния, которая включала Владикавказ, Петровск и всю Дагестанскую область. Представленное в настоящей статье исследование основано на архивных источниках, анализ которых позволил пересмотреть дату основания вице-консульства во Владикавказе, выявить имена неизвестных вице-консулов, исправить допущенные ошибки в хронологии их деятельности, проследить динамику в регламенте назначения, оценить вклад отдельных иранских лидеров в жизнеустройство иранских общин. In the history of the Iranian population, who settled in the North Caucasus since the second half of the 19th century, there are still little-known pages and controversial issues, including the activities of Persian vice-consulates in the region, to which this article is devoted. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the important role of the Persian vice-consuls in the processes of adaptation of the Iranians to the economy, legislation and culture of the "host" societies of the North Caucasus. In addition to their direct duties, they performed the functions of informal leaders, on whom the level of incorporation of the Iranians into the economic, social and cultural space of the region, on the one hand, and the preservation of the traditional way of life, ethnic identity, on the other, depended. In the hands of the Vice-Consul, the mechanisms of all individual and collective adaptive practices of the Iranian community were concentrated. However, despite the key role of vice-consuls, the organization of their activities has not yet received due research attention. The purpose of this article is to restore the chronology of the activities of vice-consuls, the appointment system, personal characteristics and to determine the role in the organization of diaspora life in the territory of the spread of their influence, which included Vladikavkaz, Petrovsk and the entire Dagestan region. The study presented in this article is based on Russian and Iranian sources, the analysis of which made it possible to revise the date of foundation of the vice-consulate in Vladikavkaz, to identify the names of unknown vice-consuls, to correct the mistakes made in the chronology of their activities, to trace the dynamics in the appointment regulations, to assess the contribution of individual Iranian leaders to the life of Iranian communities.
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Amanat, Abbas. "Solar Calendar and the Development of Iranian Identity." Freedom of Thought Journal, no. 12 (December 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53895/ftj1201.
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Year 1401 Sh/ 2022-23 CE is the centennial of Iran’s official calendar. It also denotes the endurance of Persian solar timekeeping and its unique place in temporal awareness throughout Iran’s history. With Nowruz festival at its heart (celebrated on vernal equinox), the Persian solar calendar has been in uninterrupted use throughout the Iranian world at least since the Achaemenid Empire of the 6th century BC. Concurring with nature’s seasonal turn, this solar calendar cultivating function allowed it to survive even the introduction of the lunar Hijra calendar, which came with Islamic conquest of the seventh century CE. It went through a number of calendrical corrections but it was only in 1911, during the Constitutional Revolution, that a greater need for an accurate and universal timekeeping persuaded the Constitutionalists to adopt a new version of the Persian solar calendar with Hijra (Mohammad’s immigration to Medina in 622 CE) as its starting point. By 1925 Zoroastrian names for months were reintroduced and it was ratified as Iran’s national calendar. The innovative marriage of the solar Persian calendar with the Hijra point of departure exhibited the two sides of Iran’s national identity: its time-reckoning memory of the ancient past and its Shi‘i Islamic loyalties. This calendar, today one of the two non-Gregorian in the world, resisted not only Christianization but imperial reorganization under the late Pahlavi era and onslaughts under the Islamic Republic, the latter mainly directed toward Nowruz. This essay aims to answer two interrelated questions: first, what are the circumstances leading to the adoption of the solar Hijra calendar? And second, how viable it is to view the Persian calendar as a distinct feature of Iran’s national identity, given all the challenges it has encountered over the past four decades? This essay is part of a forthcoming book in Persian, Gahshomari-ye Khorshidi va Hoviyyat-e Irani, which explores the cultural significance of timekeeping in Iran in pre-modern and modern times.
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Iliadi, Alexandr. "MISCELLANEA ETYMOLOGICA: TOPONYMICA." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-171-176.
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The paper deals with the verification of several etymological versions, suggested for interpretation of hydronyms (i.e. names of water geographical objects) of ancient Slovakia. Earlier these lexical units were classified as elements of Iranian (Sarmatian and Alanian) substratum in local Slavic historical toponymy. The author compares etymological versions, existing in scientific circulation, and finds out the soft spots in their argumentation and also notes the lack of proof for different contentions. The special attention is given to problematic question of ambiguity of orthography of documented forms hydronyms, because ambiguity all too often gives grounds for several (absolutely different) interpretations of one word. Consequently, here is focused on the problem of choice of a certain variant as more «authoritative» (i. e. maximally closed to primordial, etymological form) for research. Critical assessment of proposed above etymological versions uncovers new resources for genetic interpretation of five viewed hydronyms, which can be surely defined as Celt and Germanic lexical heritage in Slovak hydronymy. Among river names the primordial Germanic hydronym is pointed out; one is extended with Middle Iranian term of geographical nomenclature, which evidences about lexical reception of Germanic toponymy stratum traces in the speech practice of Sarmatian and Alanian population and consequently about both ethnoses lingual interaction. In particular Celtic and Germanic etymologies are suggested for such Slovakian hydronyms: Hasztergan, Hor. Hastrgan, Hor. Hastrgan = *Gaster-gan < Germ. *Gaster ‘stream in ravine’, extended with Iran. *kan ‘sorce, well, spring’; Kubra, Cubra = Celt. *kubr (< adj. *kumb-ro-) ‘stream, current on valley’; Metrbos = Germ. *Mittel-bach, *Mittel Bach or *Mitlpos(sky) ‘between creeks’; Nuduna = Celt. *nau-dun ‘port for boats’, ‘fortification with marina for boats’; Gardubarto, Gardubartu, Karduberka, Chaduwocha = Celt. *kar[r]-dubur = «stone water», «stone stream» + Hung. to [tava, tavat] ‘lake’, ‘pond’.
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Lahe, Jaan. "Mitra-Mithra-Mithras: The Roman Mithras and His Indo-Iranian Background." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 58, no. 1-4 (December 2018): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2018.58.1-4.28.
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Summary One of the key questions in the studies of the Roman cult of Mithras has been, since the works of F. Cumont, the question about the religious historical origin of the cult – regarding which there is no consensus to this day. Theories about the origin of the cult can be divided into three groups: (1) the so-called “strong” Iranian thesis, according to which the cult was imported from Iran; (2) the so-called “weak” Iranian thesis, claiming that just a few, mostly irrelevant elements of the cult originated in Iran; (3) a radical stance that there is no consistency between the Roman cult of Mithras and the Iranian cult of Mithra and what the two have in common is simply the similar name of a god. The author of this presentation has studied comparatively the character of Mitra in Indian religious literature, that of Mithra in Iranian religious and mythological texts as well as in Iranian religious iconography, and Mithras in the cult devoted to him in Rome, and has concluded that the radical belief common in current Mithras studies, according to which Mithras is connected with Mitra and Mithra only by them having similar names, is just as erroneous as the “strong” Iranian thesis defended by F. Cumont and G. Widengren. Although it is certain that the Roman cult of Mithras is not a cult imported from Iran, but a new cult that originated in the Roman Empire, the author of this presentation maintains that the Roman cult of Mithras contains a series of motifs that can be found both in the Vedas and in Iranian mythological texts: connection of Mitra/Mithras with friendship and a contract of friendship; certain military traits; connection with cosmogony and the cosmic order; connection with light, the Sun and the chariot of Sol; the role of the god as a giver of water and fertility; the idea of a sacrifice that stimulates fertility. Based on the sources linked to the Roman Mithras, in particular the iconography, it may be claimed that a large part of these motifs did not have a peripheral role in the mythology connected with the cult, but they carried an important, maybe even a central role. As the previously mentioned motifs were already interrelated in India and Iran, the author of this presentation believes that their coexistence in the mythology of the Roman cult of Mithras cannot be a coincidence but testifies to the wider Indo-Iranian background of the central figure of the cult, the god Mithras, which should not be ignored even if the Roman cult of Mithras is viewed as a new cult that evolved in the Roman Empire and within the context of the Greco-Roman religion.
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Bakhtiyari, Amin, Karimeh Haghani, Salar Bakhtiyari, Mohammad A. Zaimy, Nooriali Zahed, Ali Gheysarzadeh, Seidali Nahalkhani, Shahram Darabi, Mansour Amraei, and Iraj Alipourfard. "Corrigendum to: Association between ABCC8 Ala1369Ser Polymorphism (rs757110 T/G) and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in an Iranian Population: A Case-Control Study." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 21, no. 7 (August 26, 2021): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187153032107210826095646.
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Due to oversight on the part of the authors, the names of two of the co-authors have been incorrectly published in the article entitled, “Association between ABCC8 Ala1369Ser Polymorphism (rs757110 T/G) and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in an Iranian Population: A Case-Control Study”, 2021, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 441-447 [1]. The original article can be found online at: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200713091827. Original: Amin Bakhtiyari, Karimeh Haghani, Salar Bakhtiyari*, Mohammad A. Zaimy, Nooriali Zahed, Ali Gheysarzadeh, Shahram Darabi, Seidali Nahalkhani, Mansour Amraei and Iraj Alipourfard Corrected: Amin Bakhtiyari, Karimeh Haghani, Salar Bakhtiyari*, Mohammad A. Zaimy, Ali Noori-Zadeh, Ali Gheysarzadeh, Shahram Darabi, Ali Seidkhani-Nahal, Mansour Amraei and Iraj Alipourfard
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Shojaii, Asie, Roshanak Ghods, and Mehri abdollahi Fard. "MEDICINAL HERBS IN IRANIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE FOR LEARNING AND MEMORY." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 13, no. 2 (February 5, 2016): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v13i2.24.
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Background: There are some factors such as age, stress and emotions that may lead to impaired learning, memory loss, amnesia,
and dementia or threats like Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) recommended some
herbs and herbal preparations for treatment or prevention of CNS problems. In this study, the scientific evidences related to
effectiveness of TIM herbal medicine on memory and learning will be reviewed.
Materials and Methods: The scientific evidences of the plant efficacy were searched in electronic databases including Pub Med,
Scopus, SID, Science Direct, and Google Scholar by keywords like memory, Alzheimer, amnesia, learning and scientific plant
names from 1969 to 2014.
Results: The finding of this study confirmed effectiveness of some of TIM medicinal plants on enhancing memory and learning or in
treatment or prevention of amnesia and AD. Some of TIM plants like Melissa officinalis, Crocus sativus and Nigella sativa showed
improving effect on memory in clinical trials. In some cases, the active principles responsible for efficacy of these plants on memory
were also determined.
Conclusion: Most of the studies on TIM plants were designed in animal models and a few herbs were evaluated in clinical trials on
AD. Also, for some of the herbal medicine used in TIM, there are no or not enough studies to confirm their effectiveness on memory
and learning. Therefore, further experimental and clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these plants on
memory and AD and also to determine the active components of them.
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Yakubovich, Ilya. "Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts. By Jan Tavernier. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 158. Leuven: Peeters, 2007. Pp. lxiv + 850. €98 (cloth)." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 71, no. 1 (April 2012): 133–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/664512.
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Arani, Seyed Ali Asghar Abbaszadeh, Ehsanollah Kabir, and Reza Ebrahimpour. "Handwritten Farsi Word Recognition Using NN-Based Fusion of HMM Classifiers with Different Types of Features." International Journal of Image and Graphics 19, no. 01 (January 2019): 1950001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467819500013.
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In this paper, an off-line method, based on hidden Markov model, HMM, is used for holistic recognition of handwritten words of a limited vocabulary. Three feature sets based on image gradient, black–white transition and contour chain code are used. For each feature set an HMM is trained for each word. In the recognition step, the outputs of these classifiers are combined through a multilayer perceptron, MLP. High number of connections in this network causes a computational complexity in the training. To avoid this problem, a new method is proposed. In the experiments on 16000 images of 200 names of Iranian cities, from “Iranshahr 3” dataset, the results of the proposed method are presented and compared with some similar methods. An error analysis on these results is also provided.
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Ghosh, Suchandra. "State, power and religion in the Indo-Iranian borderlands and North-west India, c. 200 bc–ad 200." Studies in People's History 4, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448917693722.
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The Greek tradition of coinage was maintained by the Bactrians, Indo-Greeks, Śakas and Kushanas, ruling successively in the North-west from the second century bc to second century ad. On their coins, apart from the rulers themselves, appear the figures and names of several deities. These were Greek deities in the beginning, to whom Iranian and Indian deities went on being added. The paper traces this process in detail and examines how the rulers first seem to address, through their coins, only an elite Greek or Hellenised aristocracy and then the wider Iranic and Indian populations, through the medium of deities figured on their coins. There was simultaneously the objective of legitimation and glorification of the rulers themselves by the same means. Curiously, Buddhism so important in Gandhara sculpture has only a rare presence on these coins even under the Kushanas.
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Gavanji, Shahin. "The Antiviral Potential of Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (IHP) on Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV): A Review Article." Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry 11, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2022.112.89-109.
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Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) viruses are highly contagious that commonly cause dermatitis, encephalitis, meningitis and genitourinary infections and also can lead to cervical cancer. For treatment of HSV infections, several physical methods and antiviral drugs are introduced, antiviral medications can also prevent or reduce outbreaks. The use of herbal medicine with antiviral effects attracted worldwide attentions. The aim of this review article is to introduce the Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (IHP) with antiviral potential against two HSV serotypes and help to evaluate and develop the new drugs from natural sources. To provide this review, relevant articles in some authentic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and SID (scientific information database), from 1967 to April 2022 were collected, and selected botanicals from (IHP) with their scientific names and classifications and their outcome (CC50 and IC50) were introduced. In this review, scientific data regarding anti-herpetic activities of Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (IHP) showed that 34 herbs from 17 families have antiviral potential to inhibit two HSV serotypes. According to families, Lamiaceae family has the highest percentage (29.41 %) of plants with antiviral activity against two HSV serotypes, also review of recent data showed that Salvia officinalis, Melissa officinalis, Securigera Securidaca, Hyssopus officinalis, Quercus brantii, Artemisia aucheri and Curcuma longa have remarkable antiviral activity against two HSV serotypes. Results of this review suggest that further research to identify and purify the bioactive compounds to determine the molecular mechanisms of action is needed.
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Sadykov, Murad. "THE FIRMANS FROM OTTOMAN STATE TO THE NAMES OF THE KAYTAG UTSMIES." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 18, no. 3 (October 10, 2022): 606–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch183606-625.
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İn this work presents epistolary sources in the Ottoman language from the collection of the firmans of the Ottoman sultans and viziers in the name of the Kaitag Utsmians. The Fund of Oriental Manuscripts of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the DPhIC RAS contains microfilms of these firms, obtained from the National Library of France, where the Utsmi collection came in the second half of the 20th century. Some copies of the firmans of the Ottoman leaders in the name of the Kaitag Utsmians are also available in the book depositories of Georgia. They were published by Georgian scientists, with transcript and translation into Georgian and Russian. A comparative analysis of the documents revealed that the Georgian collection is more complete than the Parisian one, the collections contain copies made by different authors, there are textual inconsistencies and discrepancies in the dating of the firms. In this article, we present facsimiles of Ottoman firmans in the names of the Dagestan rulers of the second half of the 15th century. and the first half of the XX century. Kaitag utsmievs of Ahmad Khan, Khamzat Khan and Ustar Khan. We present their content, providing the appropriate comments. The documents are of high scientific value, shedding light on the policy of the Ottomans in the Caucasus, on the historical events associated with the liberation struggle of the Dagestan peoples, the policy of the Dagestan rulers. Indeed, quite recently, the struggle of the Dagestani highlanders with the Iranian shah, which went on for several years, was successfully completed. The decisive victory over Nadir Shah was won when, in the fight against the enemy in 1741-1742. The united forces of Avars, Kaitags, Akushins, Kumukhs, Rutuls and other Dagestan peoples took part. Firmen convey the atmosphere of historical events, the praise of valor addressed to the recalcitrant mountaineers is heard more and more often, the tone of the letters of the Ottomans, promising endless favors in exchange for obedience to the Muslim Caliph, is replaced by a call to receive retribution from the Almighty for the sacred struggle against foreign invaders.
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Селеменева, О. А. "USUAL AND INDIVIDUAL AUTHOR’S MYTHOLOGICAL NAMES IN I.A. BUNIN’S POETRY." Актуальные вопросы современной филологии и журналистики, no. 2(45) (June 24, 2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/aqmpj.2022.37.55.010.
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В статье мифологические имена рассматриваются как средства выражения творческой индивидуальности И.А. Бунина. Актуальность выбранной темы обусловлена интересом отечественных и зарубежных филологов к изучению мифологических образов и сюжетов в прозе и поэзии писателя в связи с такой характерной чертой его художественно-эстетической системы, как мультимифологизм. Фактическим материалом исследования выступают стихотворения, созданные И.А. Буниным в период с 1888 по 1952 гг. При интерпретации и систематизации материала использовались методы описательного, этимологического, контекстологического, мотивно-тематического анализа, метод количественного анализа полученных данных. Новизна работы связана, с одной стороны, с самим фактическим материалом, вводимым в научный обиход литературной ономастики, с другой - с синтезом лингвистического, культурологического и литературоведческого подходов при его рассмотрении. Выявлено несколько источников узуальных мифонимов: древние тексты греко-римской, германо-скандинавской, египетской, иранской, индийской, славянской, шумеро-аккадской мифологий; религиозно-философская литература ислама, христианства, иудаизма, буддизма; предания; фольклорные тексты славян (сказки, былины, лирические песни, духовные стихи). Автор приходит к выводу, что роль узуальных мифонимов в поэзии И.А. Бунина заключается в аккумулировании философско-символической сути стихотворений, репрезентации историософских концепций, ключевых идей и др. Индивидуально-авторские мифологические имена, в отличие от узуальных, выступают порождением фантазии писателя, его эстетико-философских воззрений, фоновых знаний. Несмотря на малочисленность индивидуально-авторские мифонимы тоже становятся средствами моделирования картины мира Бунина-художника, единицами, через призму которых осмысливались и транслировались читателю-интерпретатору основные темы, сквозные мотивы, система ценностей. ____________________________ © Селеменева О.А., 2022 The article describes the usual and individual author’s mythonyms as means of expressing the creative individuality of I.A. Bunin. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the interest of domestic and foreign philologists in the study of mythological images and plots in the writer’s prose and poetry in connection with such a characteristic feature of his artistic and aesthetic system as multimythologism. The research was carried out on the basis of poems created by I.A. Bunin in the period from 1888 to 1952. The methods of descriptive, etymological, contextual, motive-thematic analysis, the method of quantitative analysis were used in the interpretation and systematization of the material. The novelty of the work is connected, on the one hand, with the factual material introduced into the scientific use of literary onomastics, and, on the other hand, with the synthesis of the linguistic, cultural and literary approach in its analysis. The author has identified several sources of conventional mythonyms: ancient texts of Greco-Roman, Germanic-Scandinavian, Egyptian, Iranian, Indian, Slavic, Sumerian-Akkadian mythologies; religious and philosophical literature of Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism; legends; folklore texts of the Slavs (fairy tales, epics, lyric songs, spiritual verses). The author comes to the conclusion that the role of conventional mythonyms in the poetry of I.A. Bunin is huge: the accumulation of the philosophical and symbolic essence of poems, the creation of a metaphorical semantic capacity, images-symbols, the representation of historiosophical concepts, etc. Individual author’s mythological names, in contrast to conventional ones, are the product of the writer’s fantasy, his aesthetic and philosophical views, background knowledge. Despite their small number, they also become means of modeling the picture of the Bunin’s world, units help the reader-interpreter to comprehend key themes, cross-cutting motives, value systems.
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Shulga, Daniil, Jianwen Chen, and Golovko Golovko. "Nomadic World, the Greco-Bactrian kingdom and China: ethno-cultural situation in the South of Central Asia in the 3rd – 2nd cent. BCE." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 14, no. 2 (2020): 587–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-2-587-608.
Full textAbstract:
After the dissolution of the Empire of Alexander of Macedon the layer of Hellenized aristocracy began to appear in Asia under the influence of mixed marriages and cultural syncretism. The announcement of the establishment of the independent state of Bactria made by Diodotus I triggered the appearance of a special culture, characterized by the mixture of Iranian, North Indian and Greek cultural elements. Ultimately, its subsequent spread to the East lead to influence on the China-dominated world. Based on all the mentioned above, the given article aspires to collect and analyze the data, primarily from narratives as sources and foreign literature, for the purpose of researching the processes that connected two ancient and very influential civilizations – Greece and China. The main stages of explicit and implicit relations between China and Hellenistic Bactria is defined. The role of nomad cultures in establishment of connections between West and East is determined and exemplified by the events of the 3rd century B.C. and the early 1st century B.C. Conditional character of the names, referred to nomad entities by ancient writers, is analyzed. We show the controversy of interpretation the given names with the ethnic groups in modern meaning as well as the range of sources on the relations between Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and China and their characteristics. Finally, we construe the equal role of nomads, Chinese and Hellenes in the described contacts of ancient societies.
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Riaz, Humaira. "Innocent Texts Conspiring with Imperial Desire: A Critique of Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran." Linguistics and Literature Review 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.71.04.
Full textAbstract:
'Native informant' acclaims the transmission of stereotypical representation of Muslim society as a general rule and women specifically. The present work provides a comprehensive prospect of women status defined by religion Islam to build consciousness globally. Through qualitative inquiry, the present study critically analyzes Nafisi's Reading Lolita in Tehran (2003). Iranian writer Azar Nafisi assumes the role of 'native informant' who amplifies the narrative to authenticate her account. The study employs 'amplification' as apparatus to scrutinize fundamentalist perspective of religion Islam reflected in Iranian fiction. Spivak's concept of 'native informant' is reproduced in the narratives to establish the narrator's role as a hybrid character whose thoughts regularly record and oppose the assumed fundamentalist obligations set by the Islamic regime. The narrative begins in the narrator's house, who ardently assembles her university students and discusses various classical literary works. The memoir recounts a woman's experience in Tehran before, during, and after the revolution. Names of characters are concealed to keep individuals safe from probable vengeance and degradation. Primarily, the study enquires how knowledge production through writing personal narratives runs into mainstream culture, characterizing the representation of stereotypes. Narratives inform about a specific culture and mirror the role of 'native informant' in amplifying fundamentals of native culture and religion. Nafisi's account of extensive cultural and religious judgments from context-specific attempts to extrapolate that Islamic Republic Iran vehemently formed a desperate unobtrusive region, which maltreated women. Nafisi may have a self-protective standpoint for women, but she emerged more like a "native informant" rather than a social reformer by amplifying the situation.