Academic literature on the topic 'Names of contributors are given'

Online news comments are often confronted with issues of civility and inclusivity, which are sometimes pegged to the anonymity afforded to contributors in those spaces. In this work we study one form of anonymity in online comments that manifests as users changing their display name when they write a given comment. We undertake a predominantly quantitative analysis of how display names are changed across over 4 million comments on the New York Times site. We characterize the extent and nature of name changes on the site, explore the relationship of name changes to topicality and sentiment, and examine how name changes might be used to inform the moderation of online comments.

Among the nine recommendations of the Working Group on Reference Frames as finalized during the Virginia Beach meeting, four are directly addressing the reference systems. They are the result of the work of the subgroup on coordinate frames and origins and other contributors whose names are given in section 6. The resulting document (Kovalevsky, 1991) was further revised by the working group as a whole and recommendations published (1991).

Abstract Although names exist in all languages of the world, their formal and functional manifestations show great diversity. Due to their embeddedness in socio-cultural and historical contexts, an anthropological-linguistic approach that brings together linguistic and cultural facts is required to capture the full meaning of names and naming practices. Overall, names are given to entities of cultural importance and of significance for humans in social life; name usage and name-giving practices reflect social beliefs and cultural values; and their meaning is strongly shaped by cultural and historical contexts. This paper provides a typological, cross-linguistic overview of named entities, kinds of naming practices, and types of meanings associated with names, name giving, and name usage, which are illustrated with numerous examples from Australia, Europe, and Africa. Therefore, it also offers a structural framework for the contributions in this issue.

Names are very significant in people’s lives for they reveal historical, social and cultural ideologies of a people. Place names can be said to be an under-utilized resource in historical, social and cultural contexts which, when fully exploited, has much to tell on what people should value. When linguistically analyzing these names, morphological and syntactical aspects usually merge. This study explored the ideological, morphological and syntactic perspectives of the linguistic landscape of Solusi University, specifically focusing on places on the campus, roads, hostels and other important buildings like the library and halls of residents. A critical internal analysis of name-structures was done. The researcher used qualitative research methodology where documents were studied and semi-structured interviews were administered to local elderly people to receive data on names at the university. Findings show that Solusi University names can be classified under the syntagmatic morpho-syntactic category. Again, the naming at the university brought out what can be termed contribution ideology. Most of places were given names of people who significantly contributed to the establishment and development of Solusi (first as a college and later as a university). The structure of these names reveals morphological and syntactical patterns that are worth to be studied. The study recommends people awareness of place names in their locales so that they appreciate what name contributors have done to humanity. People should also study place names for their aesthetic value as well as for their reference to humanity’s social history.

The names for 19 genera, 17 subgenera, 150 species and 150 subspecies of Ixodidae described by Paul Schulze, names changed by him after the revision of certain taxa, new ranks for names originally described by other authors, a few lapsus calamorum and some incorrect names ascribed to Schulze by other workers are discussed. Two genera (Cosmiomma and Nosomma) are valid, but most of Schulze’s subgenera are difficult to assess because of the current disarray that prevails at this classificatory level in the Ixodidae. Thirty-six of 150 species names discussed by Schulze are considered valid herein (3 species of Amblyomma, 1 Bothriocroton, 1 Cosmiomma, 6 Dermacentor, 4 Haemaphysalis, 5 Hyalomma, 13 Ixodes, 1 Nosomma and 2 Rhipicephalus), while 28 are valid species epithets that are currently assigned to different genera (e.g., Acarus undatus was formerly classified in the genus Aponomma but is currently known as Bothriocroton undatum). Twenty-nine of these valid species names were authored by Schulze or Schulze & Schlottke. The remaining species names are mostly synonyms or names that are incertae sedis, nomen nudum or lapsus calamorum. The 150 subspecific names are treated as synonyms of valid species or as nomina nuda, nomina dubia, incertae sedis or lapsus calamorum. Many names used by Schulze have been synonymized based on sound systematic research, but the justification for synonymizing other names is occasionally weak. It will be important to take these names into account if, as has already happened, future molecular and morphological studies result in the reinstatement of Schulze names currently considered synonyms. This situation has particular relevance for Amblyomma geoemydae, the Amblyomma marmoreum species complex, Amblyomma testudinarium, Oriental species of Dermacentor, Hyalomma in general, Ixodes arboricola, Ixodes canisuga, Ixodes lividus, Ixodes trianguliceps and Ixodes uriae. In conclusion, the prolific contributions of Paul Schulze have their weak points —the many species and subspecies of Hyalomma described by him are unjustified as is the alleged worldwide distribution of the former genus Aponomma—but his perception of the complexity of the genus Dermacentor (under Indocentor) in the Oriental and Australasian Zoogeographic Regions, as well as his understanding of tick biodiversity in these regions constitute seminal scientific achievements.

The article is devoted to the study of the antonyms of nominal word formation in modern English. The problem of word formation as one of the most important ways of enriching and developing a language has attracted and continues to attract the attention of linguists of various theoretical views and different countries. One of the little-studied areas of linguistics is antonymy. The article explores some issues of word formation theory, namely, what place word formation takes in the system of language sciences, what this science operates with, what are its basic units. The problem of compatibility of generating bases with word-forming formants is considered. The main set of affixes that form antonyms is given, a comparative characteristic of each of the word-formation tools in parts of speech (nouns and adjectives) is given, and a final assessment of the productivity of antonymic morphemes in English is given. The theory of matching suffixes V.A. Rudnitskaya and traces the effects of this theory in practice. Knowledge of the theory and methods of word formation and their practical application greatly contributes to the enrichment of the vocabulary based on familiar vocabulary.

The last spelled letter often indicates the sex of first names. Most female names end with the last letter a, e, or i. Female names are distinctive and therefore easy to identify because of the small number of predominantly female endings. Most male names end with one of 19 last letters. Two last letters, h and y, occur with similar frequency for both sexes. The cultural tradition of higher status for men contributes to the avoidance of predominantly female last letters for male names. A female name with a predominantly male last letter therefore occurs more often than a male name with a predominantly female last letter. The findings were obtained from the 500 most frequent first names given to males and females in Pennsylvania in 1990.

Naming is an integral part of Yorùbá culture. It has an identity effects on the bearers. It is also believed that names control the actions and conducts of the bearers. The Yorùbá film producers are always careful and conversant with the fact that names given to their character must reflect in their characterization because orúkọ ọmọ ní í ro ọmọ ‘name has effects on a child’. The script writer, Mike Bamiloye, uses the name to draw a sketch of the attitudes, behavior and stature of the characters. This study therefore interrogates the socio-semiotic interpretation of names given to selected characters in Yorùbá Christian film, Àbẹ̀joyè. It also examines the names given to individual character, family and town. The paper concludes that the Yorùbá philosophical beliefs in names reflect in the selected Christian movie despite the fact that Christianity abhors traditional beliefs; the cultural aspects cannot be underestimated. The film, Àbẹ̀joyè, which serves as our data source is produced by Mount Zion Film Productions, Nigeria and Flaming Sword Film Productions, Texas in 2020-2023. Bamiloye’s unique and stylish way of naming characters show his dexterity in Yorùbá literature which always portrays and projects her culture through the creative way of assigning name to characters. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on Yorùbá Christian film and names among Yorùbá people

Abstract This article contributes to the studies of sound symbolism, systematic relationships between sounds and meanings. Specifically, we build on a series of studies conducted within a research paradigm called “Pokémonastics,” which uses the Pokémon universe to explore sound symbolic patterns. Inspired by a study of existing English Pokémon names, two experiments were conducted in which English speakers were provided with pairs of pre-evolution and post-evolution Pokémon characters, the latter of which were larger. The participants were given two name choices whose members were systematically different in some phonological properties. The results show the following sound symbolic patterns to be productive: (1) names with higher segment counts are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names with lower segment counts, (2) names containing [a] are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing [i], (3) names containing [u] are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing [i], and (4) names containing coronal consonants are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing labial consonants. Overall, the current results suggest that phonological considerations come into play when English speakers name new fictional creatures. Implications of the current results for the theories of sound symbolism are discussed throughout the paper.

A taxonomic backbone of the Plumbaginaceae is presented and the current state of knowledge on phylogenetic relationships and taxon limits is reviewed as a basis for the accepted taxon concepts. In total, 4,476 scientific names and designations are treated of which 30 are not in the family Plumbaginaceae. The Plumbaginaceae are subdivided in three tribes with 26 genera and 1,179 accepted species. Two subgenera, 17 sections, two subsections and 187 infraspecific taxa are accepted. At the species and infraspecific level 2,782 synonyms were assigned to accepted taxa, whereas 194 names were excluded from the core checklist (i.e., unplaced taxa, infrageneric subdivisions with still uncertain application, names of verified uncertain application, invalid horticultural names, excluded names from other families, other excluded designations, and unresolved names). The EDIT Platform for Cybertaxonomy was utilized as the tool to compile and manage the names and further taxonomic data under explicit taxon concepts. Secundum references are given in case taxon concepts were taken from the literature, whereas this study serves as reference for newly circumscribed taxa. The family’s division into the tribes Aegialitideae, Limonieae, and Plumbagineae departs from earlier two-subfamily classifications, prompted by recent phylogenetic findings that challenge the subfamilial affinity of Aegialitis. The genus Acantholimon was extended to include Gladiolimon, as currently available phylogenetic and morphological data support this merger. In Limonium, all accepted species could be assigned to sections and subsections or the “Mediterranean lineage”, respectively, making use of the phylogenetic distribution of their morphological characters and states. A new combination and/or status is proposed for Dyerophytum socotranum, Limonium thymoides, Limonium × fraternum, Limonium × rossmaessleri, and Limonium sect. Jovibarba. Special attention is given to nomenclatural issues, particularly for Statice nomen ambiguum to resolve the names under accepted names. The use of artificial groupings like “aggregates”, “complexes” and “species groups” in alpha-taxonomic treatments is discussed. The taxonomic backbone will receive continued updates and through the Caryophyllales Taxonomic Expert Network, it contributes the treatment of the Plumbaginaceae for the World Flora Online.