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1
Willemot, Yves. "Namibië Drie Jaar Later: Politiek Ontvoogd Maar Economisch Wankel." Afrika Focus 8, no. 3-4 (February 2, 1992): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0080304002.
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Namibia, After Three Years : Political Independent but Economic Unstable Namibia became independent on the 21st of March 1990, after seventy-five years of South African colonial and racial rule. SW APO fought a long war for liberation, but the independence was also gained thanks to the diplomatic pressure from the United Nations. The United Nations were actively involved in the organisation of the first free elections which were held on the 7th of November 1989. The SW APO liberation movement became by far the most important political party in the Namibian Parliament. But from the beginning the SWAPO-leaders explained that the past should be forgotten. They promoted a constructive political and economic collaboration with all Namibians, African and European. Due to this atmosphere of reconciliation Namibia had a successful political independence. One of the world's most progressive constitutions was written. It ends all racial discrimination and guarantees an extensive review of the human rights. The rules for the organisation of the legislative, executive and judiciary power are respected by all political parties. Namibia is without any doubt an example for a lot of African countries, which are now making steps towards democracy and multi-partyism. The Namibian government has still a lot of problems to deal with. The major ones are the social and economic inequalities that still exist between African and European Namibians. The conditions of life of the European Namibians are comparable to these in modern western societies, while African Namibians are living in poverty. The government will have to change this, because in the long term one cannot expect to build democracy on empty stomachs. But in order to realize the necessary economic growth, Namibians are also counting on the support and the investments from abroad. A member of government recently said: “Now we’ve installed democracy and the human rights are respected, where are the foreign investments and the international aid?”
2
Arystanbekov, K. "Kazakhstan's Economic Policy under Conditions of High Level of Foreign Investments." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 20, 2004): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-8-110-119.
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Kazakhstan's economic policy in the sphere of attracting foreign investments in 1993-2003 is considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the analysis of their macroeconomic efficiency. It is concluded that high rates of economic growth in Kazahkstan in 2000-2003 are conditioned not so much by the inflow of foreign investments as by exchange rate and currency policies of monetary authorities of the country. The tendency of growing interfirm indebtedness and negative balance of current accounts in favor of foreign investors is also analyzed.
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Geci, Fatos. "Foreign Direct Investments in Kosovo." SHS Web of Conferences 114 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111401016.
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Purpose: The purpose of studying this topic is because in Kosovo the foreign direct investment has been consistently considered as a key factor in the potential development of the country. Knowing that investments are one of the most important macroeconomic aggregates of a country. Undoubtedly, their study has great importance with a special emphasis on the development of countries such as Kosovo, where economic, social and political circumstances require the continued absorption of investments by other countries. In general, for the country's economy, it is important to know what impact foreign investments have on economic growth, the factors that influence the growth of these investments and the actions of policy makers to attract investors. Design/methodology/approach: The data mainly obtained from the World Bank have compared Foreign Investments with the countries of the region. We consider the information to be accurate. Findings: From the findings we have made we consider that the main obstacles to foreign direct investment in Kosovo are at a high level of corruption, and politics, where we have disclosed several years of small investments due to non-approval of laws in the Assembly of Kosovo. Originality/value: The findings from this study can contribute to the improvement of policies, so that Kosovo as a transition country needs a lot of foreign direct investment that will change the economic conditions of the citizens.
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Durmaz, Nazif. "Foreign direct investments, democracy, and economic growth in Turkey." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2015-0015.
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Purpose In the last decade, foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have increased dramatically in the world, especially in the emerging economies. Some of these countries make changes in their market conditions that will improve the civil rights and liberties to attract better FDI flows. The purpose of this paper is to test the linkage between democracy and FDI flows to Turkey. Design/methodology/approach The present study employs a bounds testing procedure developed (Pesaran et al., 2001) for cointegration analysis on six different long-run models with selected determinants of FDIs with yearly data from 1977 to 2011. Findings The intuition the paper empirically provides how improvements in democracy have a significant positive impact on FDI flows to Turkey. The results may also put forward that, in the long run, FDI inflows will have spillover effects in Turkey’s economy. Research limitations/implications Although one drawback in the study is having a small sample size of 35 observations, estimating six different long-run models is one way to overcome it. Thus presented results may be in short of simplification for some readers. This, however, opens an opportunity for future studies to further the proposal by employing in different models and/or longer data sets if possible. Practical implications A stable government policies, more civil freedom, and sustained institution politics should not be ignored in Turkey given its geopolitical location. Originality/value This paper satisfies the established need to study of democracy and FDI flows link is necessary in an emerging market such as Turkey.
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Kálmán, Botond, and Arnold Tóth. "The Success of Japanese Foreign Market Investments in Hungary." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 12, no. 4 (August 2021): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2021.12.4.700.
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This study examines the recent history and current state of a special area of Japanese-Hungarian economic relations, foreign direct investments (FDI) in Hungary. We reviewed the flow of Japanese capital into Hungary. Foreign direct capital investments can improve productivity on the one hand via technology transfer, and one the other hand, they may have further positive effects through corporate relationships, such as market access or improved financing conditions. Through these means, they strengthen economic growth. When analyzing the data on the historical development of Japanese investment, we showed that the automotive industry plays a dominant role. Based on our results, the influx of Japanese FDI into the Hungarian economy is mutually advantageous to both parties. The most important result for Hungary was economic growth and for Japan, the easier access to the EU markets. Japanese-Hungarian relations are not limited to economic cooperation, they are present in everyday life and continue to grow closer.
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Tripathi, Swastika, Manjula Jain, and Viksit Tripathi. "Greenfield Investments: An Economic and Financial Key Driver for India’s Growth." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.739951.
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Since ages, India has held the flagship of being prosperous, economically viable, financially sound, rich in resources, and diverse in traditional and cultural aspects, yet has never failed to cater to the needs of crores of citizens. The economic factors and flow of financial wherewithal have pushed Indian economy to the brighter side of development. However, the growth aspects led to a significant decrease in the climatic and weather conditions and therefore an urgent need to mend up the environmental issues. Greenfield investments were sought as remedial measure to sustain the issues of environment as well as economic and financial feasibility in the form of investments. Investment is a gizmo for creating wealth by employing funds with an intention of achieving additional income or growth in the value and gets rewarded by return. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is such an investment wherein foreign investors make their funds employable in the foreign-based company either through greenfield investments, brownfield investments, or through portfolio investment. In Indian context, overseas investments can be made either through automatic route or through Reserve Bank of India and Government of India. The highlight of this paper is the significance of greenfield investments in the developmental aspects of Indian economy.
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Asafo-Adjei, Emmanuel, Daniel Agyapong, Samuel Kwaku Agyei, Siaw Frimpong, Reginald Djimatey, and Anokye M. Adam. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Returns of Africa: A Wavelet Coherence Analysis." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (November 22, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8846507.
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This study explores how global economic policy uncertainty (EPU) shocks comove with stock returns (SR) of eight African countries—Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Zambia. The study employed daily data from December 2010 to December 2019 using wavelet coherence analysis. The results showed that global EPU comoves with most of the SR of African markets and was concentrated in the longer term, especially during the period between 2011 and 2019, although not substantially. The findings indicate that short-term investments in African stocks are less susceptible to global economic policy uncertainty. It is recommended that foreign investors could hedge agaist policy uncertainties by investing in stock listed in African Stock exchanges while appropriate country-level policies are deployed to manage long-term effect of EPU.
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ZOZULYA, V. V., and A. A. FEDINA. "WORLD INVESTMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY IN MODERN REALITIES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 4 (2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.04.02.002.
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This article analyzes the state of foreign investment in the economy of the Russian Federation in conditions of economic, political and infectious instability. Countries investing in the Russian economy are analyzed, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foreign investment in the Russian economy is assessed. The author identifies the problems that restrain the growth of foreign investment in the Russian economy, and considers the prospects for the development of foreign investment. A number of measures have been proposed to solve the identified problems.
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Kabir, L. S. "STATE SUPPORT FOR «GREEN» INVESTMENTS AND MARKET «GREEN» FINANCING: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 1(26) (March 15, 2019): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-1-97-108.
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The present study reveals the trends and features of the current state of financing the foreign countries’ transition to a new «green» economic growth model. To summarize the contemporary experience of countries’ integration into public administration practice the approaches and standards in the field of «green» investments financing.The subject of the study is the set of measures implemented by countries to develop sources of finance for «green» economy projects.Tasks: 1) to consider the principal directions of the «green» investments state policy support, its purpose, and the tools used; 2) to identify the market’s role in the «green» economy financing; 3) to clarify the main issues constraining private investments in «green» projects. The countries’ approach to «green» economic growth financing is examined in the present paper by means of common methods of scientific knowledge.There reviewed the arguments justifying the government support for «green» investments. There revealed the problems constraining the market «green» financing development and speculations about their origins. The study concludes that the countries’ economic policies are aimed at improving the existing model’s efficiency, not at the transition to the new «green» economy model. Thus, through the state support tools, there being generated strong signals signifying the creation of favorable market conditions for the functioning of a new economy sector – the sector of «green» technologies.
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Metyakubov, A., and D. Matrizayeva. "Economic Analysis of Industrial Investment Management Efficiency." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/56/27.
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The paper analyses the issues related to main areas of efficacy of managing investment projects at enterprises of the construction materials industry in the conditions of diversification and increasing its investment attraction. The research team proposed recommendations on improving diversification of the structure of construction materials industry, wide attracting of foreign investments for modernization, technological and technical reequipping of enterprises of the branch and its export potential.
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PÎŞCHINA, Tatiana, and Romeo Fortuna. "Moldova’s Phenomenon: Can Foreign Investments Help Out of the Poverty Circle?" European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p350-359.
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The aim of this paper is to further develop findings on the forces of globalization, which, in a positive and in a negative manner affect economic growth of various nations worldwide, both creating opportunities and posing challenges whilst deepening inequalities between developed and developing economies. The dilemma of global growth is pressing and especially relevant for the economies that currently lack economic quality, which makes them vulnerable to what this paper coins the 'vicious circle' of poverty. The findings in this study interpret changes in economic structure overtime based on the results of the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of growth of national and international relevance. The case study of Moldova is expanded from author’s previous contributions to demonstrate a few of the possible alternatives to create and sustain economic growth with quality, even in conditions of globalization obviously hazardous for this small economy. The paper shows how the emphasis on innovations and appropriate policies is supposed to make up for the lack of other key resources available to the developed industrial economies. It takes up an important instrument of foreign investments to demonstrate how and in what way those can be used for economic restructuring towards innovation-driven growth. It inquires how such approach will create competitive advantages helping the developing economies to break out of the ‘poverty circle’ towards qualitative economic growth. Among other considerations, the paper concludes on the importance of capturing the opportunities presented by the ongoing Fourth Industrial Wave, which, if approached correctly, may help many nations to ‘leapfrog’ through several stages of the structural ladder, enabling them to pursue qualitative economic growth. This article is interesting for businesses, including entrepreneurs and potential investors, as well as for the governmental organizations and public authorities. It provides both an evaluation of Moldova's position on the international socio-economic arena in context of globalization, and suggests action-points and recommendations potentially supporting the growth of the private sector, at the same time fighting poverty and enforcing sustainable economic growth.
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Karadag, Haydar. "The Uncertainty Index and Foreign Direct Real Estate Investments in Developing Economies." Emerging Science Journal 5, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-01293.
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Attainment of standards in a country’s real estate market to meet international investors’ expectations contributes significantly to the real estate sector. However, in developing economies characterized by an environment of uncertainty where stability cannot be achieved, direct investments in real estate can bring returns to foreign investors. This is because economic uncertainty in developing countries raises the exchange rate. An increase in the exchange rate keeps real estate prices in developing countries relatively low. Foreign investors then take advantage of the low prices to invest in real estate in that country. The study aims to research whether the uncertainty in developing countries increases the foreign direct real estate investments. The study examines the relationship between the uncertainties in selected developing economies in Europe and the real estate investments by foreigners in the period 2008–2018. Gengenbach, Urbain, and Westerlund Panel Cointegration test and PDOLS coefficient estimation methods were used in the study. According to the analysis results, a 1% increase in the uncertainty index in the economies examined increases foreign direct investments by 5.731%. Since this study is one of the most detailed studies measuring foreign direct real estate investments under uncertainty conditions in the economy, it contributes to the literature. To sustainably increase foreigners’ direct real estate investments in developing countries, economic and political stability should be prioritized. Facilitating the bureaucratic process, providing tax reductions, making real estate suitable for demand, following the appropriate price policy, and making various environmental regulations will also increase foreigners’ direct real estate investments. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01293 Full Text: PDF
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Абдулмуталибов and Ragim Abdulmutalibov. "DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX: THE CHALLENGE OF 2014." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 4 (December 25, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7722.
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In conditions when against the Russian Federation economic sanctions are imposed, it is especially important to intensify work on attraction of investments and counteraction to outflow of the capital from the country. The energy industry as the turbulent situation with presence of such giants as Exxon Mobil Corporation in Russia showed, the unprecedented contract with the Chinese party on construction of the Force of Siberia gas pipeline, cooperation with French "Total", remains to one of the most investment and attractive branches of economy cooperation in which has strategic and long-term character. In present difficult conditions for realization of policy of attraction and deduction of investments into the Russian energy industry it is obviously necessary to pay attention, first of all, to effective use of instruments of state regulation. Considering strategic character of energy industry for Russia and importance of high efficiency, the attracted investments for domestic economy, it is necessary to provide as it was told above, balance of interests of the state and the attracted investors. Increase of efficiency of state regulation of foreign investment and investment activity in energy industry has to consider two macroeconomic conditions. In - the first, this creation of the friendly environment for the investor who came to fuel and raw sector of a national economy of the country guaranteeing protection of interests and minimizing risks of the investor. Secondly, it is necessary to displace emphasis on investment into adjacent sectors of energy industry. It is reached by interindustry transfer of investments (capital) on the enterprises occupied with profound processing of initial natural raw materials on the one hand and also in productions which provide organizational and technical, logistic and material deliveries of products for fuel and raw spheres on the other hand. The country with economies in transition accepting foreign investments is faced by an important task to define an optimum ratio of the foreign and national capital which will allow to accelerate its development and to avoid negative consequences of foreign investment. Need to control inflow of the foreign capital to the country is obvious, and for effective management of economy it is necessary to improve important legislative base, to create system of monitoring of direct foreign investments in which the branch and regional orientation of direct foreign investments has to be analyzed. Performance and observance of these conditions will demand a complex of regulatory measures, development and which acceptance depends on harmonious cooperation and actions of the external economic, antimonopoly and tax administration of the Russian state.
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Jang, Jae Young, and Erdal Atukeren. "Sustainable Local Currency Debt: An Analysis of Foreigners’ Korea Treasury Bonds Investments Using a LA-VARX Model." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 30, 2019): 3603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133603.
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Foreign investors’ interest in Korean local currency bonds, and especially in Korea Treasury Bonds (KTBs) has increased significantly since the mid-2000s. This paper examines the determinants of foreign investors’ KTB investments by means of a lag-augmented vector autoregressive model with exogenous variables (LA-VARX). The model specification includes variables capturing the domestic, international, and risk factors. The risk factors are especially important in the context of South Korea since geopolitical tensions and economic policy uncertainty might adversely affect all investment decisions by foreigners. We find that expected return rates, country default risks, and global economic conditions have a significant impact on foreign investors’ KTB investment, but geopolitical risks have only a short-term negative impact. Our findings not for only provide a better understanding of the determinants of financial investments in South Korean financial markets, but they have broader implications in terms of the economic and social aspects of sustainability in South Korea. This is because KTBs provide a source of funding for the South Korean government for social projects and that KTBs are also held largely by long-term investors such as pension funds and insurers which require sTable Snd sustainable investments.
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Stepanova, Daria, and Inna Stepanova. "Trends of the investment market development in conditions of economic instability in Ukraine." Economics, ecology, socium 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2018.2.1-8.
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Introduction. In recent years, Ukraine's economy is in a difficult situation, while maintaining its tendency to deteriorate. That is why investments in the creation of favorable conditions for its development play an important role. The attracted investments are the basis for the development of the Ukrainian economy, ensuring the possibility of its integration into the European socio-economic space, increasing the competitiveness of domestic enterprises, thereby reducing the level of dependence on imports and developing export potential.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the Ukrainian investment market, identify key issues that impede the attraction of additional capital investments and the future prospects of investment in the economy of the country in accordance with current economic and political realities.
Research results. The article reveals the role of investments in the further development of the Ukrainian economy. The complex analysis of the current state of the investment market of the country is carried out. In carrying out the analysis of the investment market, methods of statistical analysis, system generalization, qualitative and quantitative comparison were used. The main factors that negatively influence on this market are determined, restraining the development of investment activity and reducing the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. The main directions of increase of investment attractiveness, the realization of which will contribute to the growth of capital investments, are offered.
Conclusion. On the basis of the analysis of the Ukrainian investment market, it was found that foreign investors are extremely cautious with the injection of additional flows into the Ukrainian economy. It is proved that this process is due to gaps in the economy and investment market of the country. At the same time, Ukraine belongs to countries with huge potential for attraction of investments due to the rich natural resources, scientific and technical potential, skilled labor, and favorable infrastructure. The key objectives of investment policy should be to implement a comprehensive solution to the country's economic, social and political problems. Effective reforms are needed to improve the situation in the country, which will stimulate business development, increase the living standards of the population and the economy of the country.
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Kaczmarek, Bogusław. "Foreign direct investment of Polish enterprises in Ukraine – its conditions and structure." Management 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/manment-2017-0008.
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Summary The aim of the article is analysis (structure and direction of development) of Polish foreign direct investments in the Ukraine. The article consists of four parts: first shows the definition of FDI and some aspects and economic conceptions explaining the conditions of their undertaking by companies. The second part presents the economic situation of Ukraine as a country for FDI localization; the third part presents the legal and administrative conditions of business conditions in this country, and fourth shows the characteristics of FDI made in Ukraine by Polish entrepreneurs. Materials for the preparation of this article were collected at the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine and at the Faculty of Industry and Trade of the Embassy of the Republic of Poland in Kiev. The data included also the elaboration of O.W. Polowin posted by Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
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Dimitrijević, Duško. "Chinese Investments in Serbia—A Joint Pledge for the Future of the New Silk Road." Baltic Journal of European Studies 7, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2017-0005.
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Abstract Following the political changes in 2000, Serbia has rapidly started to catch up with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in various aspects of the transition process. One of these very important aspects were foreign investments, both ‘direct’ and ‘portfolio’ ones, that had a significant impact on the development of Serbian economy by recovering economic structure and raising competitiveness in world markets, followed by improving the balance of payments and technological, scientific and managerial base. Foreign investments as an “economic engine” enable accelerated realization of national economic goals which include re-industrialization and renewal of industrial capacity. The openness of the Serbian market and the lack of financial resources allow China and other states concerned under favourable conditions invest in the development of Serbian economy. In this way, Chinese investments have become a driving force for the promotion of economic and other relations between the two countries. On the other hand, however, Chinese investments have proven to be an ideal test for the realization of the objectives of the development strategy of the ‘New Silk Road’ which among other things include the improvement of China’s position on world markets, including the EU market. For the proper understanding of Sino-Serbian relations, this study first gives a short explanation of the Chinese strategy of the New Silk Road. Then, it includes an analysis of Serbia’s position towards China. Analysis of the development of Serbian-Chinese economic relations, especially in the field of foreign investment and within the framework of multilateral cooperation mechanism ‘16+1’, occupies the central part of the study. The study concludes with an evaluation of comparative advantages and certain disadvantages for the Chinese foreign investment in Serbian economy, which in itself has certain significance for the realization of the New Silk Road strategy.
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Khafizova, E. K., S. V. SALMINA, and Yu N. BALABANOVA. "STRATEGY OF ATTRACTING INVESTMENTS IN THE REAL SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 12 (2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.12.02.006.
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The article examines the topical problems of attracting foreign direct investment in the real sector of the economy under conditions of economic sanctions and the influence of geopolitical factors. The dynamics of investment inflows into the Russian economy is analyzed, the reasons for the changes are determined.
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Pai, Santosh, and Aravind Yelery. "Institutional Distances and Economic Engagement Between India and China." China Report 53, no. 2 (April 21, 2017): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517696641.
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This article argues that bridging institutional distance is a reliable method to increase the flow of Chinese investments into India. India’s growing economy and ability to attract investments from China meets most of the conditions that can be considered attractive for investments from China. This is complemented by China also fulfilling many of the criteria as a source of foreign direct investment (FDI) into India. China is a major trading partner of India but the Indian economy remains highly deficient in Chinese investment which undermines reciprocity in economic affairs. The possible reasons for underinvestment by Chinese enterprises in India are partly associated with the lack of sufficient interactions between institutions of both the countries, which in turn creates ‘institutional distances’ impacting economic affairs. This article attempts to throw light on these issues from theoretical and behavioural perspectives. Apart from instances of ‘institutional differences’, the article will also attempt to address how select ministries in China and India function while dealing with each other on a case by case basis.
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Османов, Zhasym Osmanov, Константинов, and Artem Konstantinov. "System of economic safety threat of the national economy in the current economic conditions." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 250–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11283.
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This article from the perspective of the typology of threats to economic security analysis of the current state of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is held. The authors investigated the relationship of category "economic security" with other categories, such as "danger", "challenge". As a result, it was concluded that these paired safety categories are useful to be defined as the possibility of negative effects on the economic system. In today´s economy of Kazakhstan a number of challenges of the XXI century are highlighted, leading to a fundamental change in the conditions of existence of human civilization. The authors proved that any factor that speeds up or slows down economic growth to some extent acts as threats or determinant of economic security. Under these circumstances, the most urgent is to examine the content of threats to economic security. The most common typology is the distinction between threats into external and internal ones, to the classification of threats within these types there is a large number of points of view. The author suggests the total system of threats of economic security of the national economy, formed on the basis of a study of classifications of different authors. In the analysis of external threats special attention is paid to the country´s foreign economic position. For Kazakhstan, this position is of crucial importance, since it is necessary to fight for the actual, not declared, economic independence. Key threats to the economic security of the Republic of Kazakhstan are defined: the raw nature of export activities; priority of foreign firms when choosing control subjects; high financial dependence on other countries; low level of infrastructure provision of foreign trade activ-ity as a deterrent to attract foreign investments. The most significant internal threats are: high levels of structural deformation of the economy; low level of competitiveness; lack of scientific and technical potential; monopolization of the economic sector; low investment activity and priority in investing in brokering and financial activities, but not in production.
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., Mardiansyah, and Dian Octaviani, ME. "ANALISIS SIMULTAN ANTARA ALIRAN MODAL, NILAI TUKAR DAN INFLASI DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2000.01 – 2012.09." Media Ekonomi 21, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/me.v21i1.792.
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<p>Globalization and the open economic enchanced the integration of financial market and the economic condition in several countries. The effects of such integration shows in the movement of capital flows between countries. The potential risks of the capital flows, such as sudden reversal, the pressure on the exchange rate and high inflation and the susceptibility on financial sector, might be be arised. The goal of this research is to analyze the relationship between capital flows, exchange rates and inflation in Indonesia period 2000.01 – 2012.09. The method used in this research is simultaneous equations method. The model equations in this study are divided into two, which are a short-term investments are proxied from portfolio investment and long-term investments proxied from foreign direct investment. The results of the first model estimates the short-term investments shows that the exchange rate and inflation does not significant affecting short-term investments, but the ratio of domestic interest rates to foreign interest has a positive and significant impact on short-term investments. While, a short-term investments has negative and significant impact on exchange rate IDR per USD and inflation positive and significant effect on exchange rate. Factors affecting the rate of inflation is SBI interest rate and the money supply. One the other hand, the results of the second model estimation shows that the exchange rate and inflation has positive and significant impact on the flow of foreign direct investment. Inflation rate does not alter the terms of the investor’s decision in investing in Indonesia, because it was followed by the improvement in economic conditions in Indonesia.<br />Keywords: Capital Flows, Exchange Rate, Inflation, Simultaneous Equation</p>
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Azmi, M. "Transaksi Jual Beli Foreign Exchange Secara Online Perspektif Hukum Islam." TERAJU 2, no. 02 (September 24, 2020): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35961/teraju.v2i02.157.
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This article The development of the latest technology cannot be separated from its influence on the lifestyle trends and human economic behavior, as well as investment behavior. Forex online trading includes financial investments, especially in investments in the field of money markets and commodity futures exchanges. The author is of the view that the online forex trading transaction law is haram because it does not fulfill the pillars and conditions of sale and purchase and contains elements of gharar, maisir (gambling), usury and violates the provisions of al-sharf that is the element of speculation / chance, and this investment is classified in trading futures (future market) means the place / facility of buying and selling contracts for a number of commodities or financial instruments at a certain price whose agreed delivery of goods will be carried out in the future.
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Grabova, Ol'ga, Aleksandr Suglobov, and Anton Grabov. "Features of the construction of accounting and analytical management models in the construction industry." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-2-1-5.
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This article summarizes modern domestic and foreign theoretical aspects and methodological approaches to the analysis of the economic activities of a construction organization. The study summarizes the institutional conditions, exogenous and endogenous factors of the formation and development of economic relations in construction, developed accounting and analytical models for the analysis of investments in connection with the phases of their life cycle and target guidelines for use in business. The multidimensional analysis of economic activity of the subject of economic relations in the construction industry is shown.
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Petrov, A. M., L. M. Sembieva, N. I. Golysheva, R. A. Ivanov, and N. K. Muravitskaya. "EVALUATION OF CRITERIA FOR THE ACTIVITIES OF REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES OF JAPANESE COMPANIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE NEED TO IMPROVE THEIR EFFICIENCY." BULLETIN 2, no. 390 (April 15, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.53.
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Being one of the most important tools of the national economy, foreign direct investment provides means for production expansion, creating employment opportunities and jobs, accelerating structural changes, improving the country’s financial standing in foreign relations, increasing its foreign exchange reserves, reducing budget holdbacks, and improving its credit rating. In Russia, foreign investments are primarily made through capital contributions by registered foreign residents. According to official reports, in the total annual capital inflows into the Russian Federation, 10 to 12% are attributable to foreign direct investment, 1 to 2% - to indirect investment, and up to 80% - to other investments. The current state of the world economy is characterized by many challenges: from increased competition and a new round of trade wars between major economic powers to a shift in emphasis in approaches to assessing the effectiveness of economic entities from exclusively financial to mainly non-financial, including environmental and social aspects. The corresponding economic conditions, coupled with significant political and economic pressure from a number of countries, sharply raise the issue of developing new approaches to determining the effectiveness of their own activities. Determining the effectiveness of business entities is necessary in order to ensure timely and adequate assessment of their business model from the perspective of key stakeholders and to develop an effective strategy for long-term sustainable functioning in the new business environment. This issue is particularly relevant for those economic entities that implement their activities, including through foreign representative offices. Determining the effectiveness of business entities ' representative offices abroad and evaluating their strategic performance, in addition to differences in approaches to accounting and public reporting, is also complicated by the specifics of the legal status of representative offices of economic entities, as well as the processes of legal regulation of their activities in different countries.
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PLIUSHCHYK, I. A., and R. P. OHORODNYK. "PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ATTRACTION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE BLACK SEA REGION." Economic innovations 21, no. 3(72) (September 20, 2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.3(72).107-116.
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Topicality. The importance of using new opportunities for economic development, sustainability and connectivity in the region and beyond is enhanced in terms of the growing strategic importance of the Black Sea region for the EU. Investments are the basis of socio-economic development of the region. Investments related to the deepest foundations of economic activity, they determine the process of economic growth in general. In modern conditions, they are the most important tool of ensuring the conditions for the overcoming the economic crisis, for structural changes in the countries, for the growth of technological progress, for the improvement of quality indicators of economic activity at micro and macro levels. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to identify the problems of economic development and the associated features of attracting foreign investment in the Black Sea region. Research results. The basic social and economic indicators of the Black Sea region - GDP (GDP), the index of human development, the population, the share of comparison is used to determine the structure and dynamics of incoming and outgoing flows volumes of direct foreign investments regional GDP in the world, are determined, the strategic importance is emphasized on the geopolitical map of the world of the Black Sea region, according the current political and economic challenges in Asian-European relations, dynamics and structure of incoming and outgoing investments of the countries of the region over the last nine years are defined. On this basis was concluded about the significant drop in investment activity in the region since 2014. A list of the main reasons for the decline in investment activity in the region is formed and relationship with the general indicators of economic development of the region is defined. The connection of problems of economic development and attraction of foreign investments to the countries of the Black Sea region is substantiated, which, unlike the existing approach, covers the participants of the whole region, and not a separate country. Approaches to the joint solution of investment problems of the countries of the Black Sea region are developed, which, unlike the existing ones, provide a synergistic effect and greater attractiveness for investors. Research results can be used by enterprises in attracting investment in cross-border projects, also can be used by intergovernmental groups to formulate strategies for joint provision of investment attractiveness of regional programs, can be used by participants in joint enterprises of the Black Sea region. Conclusion. The countries of the Black Sea region are heterogeneous in their economic indicators, thet are belonging to various economic and geopolitical associations. There are explicit leaders among the countries - Russia and Turkey, which have different geopolitical interests in the region and are not able to become a unifying factor in the region. For several years, the Black Sea region is not in the sight of international investors, and all Black Sea countries must work together to become investment attractive again. China's investment interests are identified in a region that does not hold back political commitments to any of the countries in the region. Business opportunities are the most powerful determinants of FDI.. But the particularities of the investment climate, such as strong institutions and regulatory instruments, are also important for developing countries and countries with economies in transition which looking for attraction of additional FDI. With a poor regional investment climate, foreign investors and their host economies may not be able to take full advantage of business opportunities created by market size and growth potential.
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Abdulla, Abdulla R., Maryam M. Othman, and Zhao Hongzhong. "An Emperical Study on the Strategies to Attract Foreign Direct Investments in Tanzania." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 3, no. 1 (August 13, 2012): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2012v3i1p43-52.
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This paper dwells on the investment strategies in attracting FDI into Tanzania, the investment reforms have been expected to become a major factor responsible for the increased FDI inflow in to the country, these reforms including political system, economic management and government administration. Despite of the several efforts such as the far reaching reform in the economy done by Tanzania to increase FDI inflows in the country, the results are far from satisfactory. It has been revealed that the unsatisfactory FDI inflow into Tanzania is primarily caused by the improper strategies resulted from the inadequacy of FDI determinants in the country. The study found that Tanzania lacks the adequate strategies due to poor FDI determinants that would attract a substantial FDI inflow into the country. This makes it necessary for the country to make sure that the determinants like better infrastructure, adequacy of government agencies; favorable macro economic, political conditions are available in adequate amount and quality. It is concluded that proper strategies in influencing investment regulatory frameworks, policies that promote macroeconomic stability, improved physical infrastructure and institutional reforms are important in attracting more FDIs into a country and therefore are highly recommended.
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Shaqiri, Jeton. "The Impact of Export and Foreign Direct Investments on Macedonian GDP Growth - Empirical Analysis." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 25 (September 30, 2017): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n25p276.
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In this paper in chronological order is analyzed the Macedonia's economic development in general, considering that the country has a liberal trade regime which is characterized by simplicity and neutrality. R. of Macedonia should utilize this trade regime in direction of creating policies and conditions for promoting the private sector development and its possibilities for export that will contribute for greater macroeconomic development. The paper will have a detailed look to the overall economic development and the GDP growth, the components and the main factors influencing this growth, techniques and approaches of assessment of the economic system and its development. It will also analyze the role of exports and the foreign direct investments in Macedonian GDP growth. Numerous theoretical researches related to the role of exports and FDI in GDP growth, have shown a positive relationship between them. The data used in this paper were provided by the Statistical Office of Macedonia and the Macedonian Customs in different periods, while for the empirical analysis I have included the period from 2014-2015. Within the empirical analysis is applied a model of multiple linear regression, where is defined the dependent variable "GDP growth" as well as the independent variables: the growth of FDI and the growth of export.
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Klimanov, Vladimir, and Vardan Vardanyan. "Forecasts of Russian Regions in the Conditions of Economic Sanctions." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 3 (October 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2019.3.3.
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The purpose of this article is to study the dependence of the impact of international economic sanctions in the forecasts of entities of the Russian Federation on their economic characteristics. The international sanctions which were introduced by foreign states for the Russian Federation have a significant impact on regional economy. In the present circumstances regional economic forecasts should take into account the specificity, condition and possible threats of the external economic environment. The current regional documents of economic forecasting are a stable basis for regional strategies which in their turn ensure the implementation of integrated social and economic planning. The authors conduct the analysis of the way how economic sanctions are taken into account in regional forecasts. The researchers study namely forecasts of social and economic development of the Russian Federation entities for long term and short term periods and budget forecasts for a long term period as well. The paper analyzes legal acts and methodological documents for the development and approval of these documents. The authors compile regional ratings according to the following indicators: amount of foreign direct investments; export of goods; volume of shipped goods, work performed by domestic manufacturing industries; average rating positions. The researchers provide an assessment of the way the sanctions are taken into account in the documents according to the suggested variants: the sanctions are not taken into account and are not reflected in the documents; the sanctions are mentioned in the forecast and are taken into account; the impact from the sanctions is taken into account and the response of Russia is shown. On the basis of the analysis the authors make conclusions on the impact of regional economic performance on mentioning foreign economic sanctions in the corresponding economic forecasts. The paper shows that the inclusion of the influence of economic sanctions in the mentioned strategic documents depends on the quality of the documents under analysis and their inclusion into the strategic documents has a random nature.
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Batmanova, Victoria, Ellada Tikhonovich, Tatyana Chigareva, and Yuan Lyudai. "Tendencies and Prospects of China’s Investments into Russian Regions." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 2 (August 2019): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2019.2.4.
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The article examines the growing role of China in global investments. During 15 years of economic development of the country, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) became the second country in the world acting as a recipient of investments and the second (third) investor sending its funds abroad. After the maximum volume of foreign direct investments (FDI) from the PRC in 2016, 2017 was marked by the drop of FDI. This is connected with China’s control over FDI withdrawal from the country, increasing protectionism from other countries and the aggravating situation for Chinese investors in foreign markets. The drop of investments is connected with a number of reasons. On the one hand, the government of China has strengthened the control over the capital drain from the country in the form of investments. Another reason is the growth of trade protectionism. The complicating external conditions for Chinese investors in connection with the policy of the USA are also worth paying attention to. The 19th National Congress of China mentioned “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) strategy as the main plan for organizing the investment process in the nearest future. Today the effort concentration process (investments into infrastructure, interaction with the countries along the new economic silk belt) is observed. Russia and its regions are included into the Northern corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative and can leverage the advantages of the cooperation with China. China has already invested funds into perspective projects in Russian regions and in the nearest future they are expected to grow within the Belt and Road Initiative.
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Bragina, E. A. "India – Africa: Trade and Investments in the XXI Century." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-182-199.
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In article commercial relations and investment streams between India and the countries of Africa in the conditions of globalization of the XXI century are considered. Scales and filling of their economic interaction are significantly differ, determined by the level of development of national economy and features of external demand for the made production. High need of the countries of Africa for inflow of foreign investments, especially taking into account strong lag of most of them in development of own research and development remains. In intercontinental communications o f Africa the high activity is characteristic of India which government in 2002 has adopted the program “In focus Africa”, aimed at continuous development of economic contacts with the countries of the continent. The considerable share in their GDP of the shadow sector remains essential negative feature of economic structures of the countries of Africa and India. It not only complicates adequate assessment of the economic processes happening in these countries, but also has an adverse effect on efficiency of the state institutes. It was designated, though uneven on scales, formation of the middle class and, as a result, new types of consumption, demand and their proliferation. Respectively, their domestic markets increase and differentiated that increases interest in access to them for foreign exporters and investors. Special importance is represented by economic policy of India in the relations with the countries of Africa, including with use of “soft power” for further expansion of the positions. The main forms of economic relations of India and the countries of Africa, the growing activity of large business structures, the top-level annual economic summits are considered. In export of the African countries to India the high share of raw materials, first of all agricultural and also hydrocarbons steadily remains. The share of the African oil in the general import of India in 2016 has made 15%. Along with traditional presence in the African and South Asian markets of the leading countries of the West, economic influence of China as exporter and investor amplifies. Influence of the Japanese and South Korean capitals grows in competition for the African markets. In February, 2018 the countries of Africa have agreed about creation of the common market. Such prospect will significantly aggravate the competition for economic positions in trade and investments with the countries of African continent.
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Verbytska, V., and V. Bredikhin. "ASSET DIVERSIFICATION THROUGH APPLICATION HOARDING INVESTMENTS." Series: Economic science 5, no. 158 (September 25, 2020): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-5-158-46-51.
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The current state and tendencies of development of hoarding investment by legal entities and the population of the country are considered in the article. It is especially important that these investments are available not only for legal entities, but also for the population, where there is a clear relationship between changes in the share of savings hoarded by private individuals and fluctuations in uncertainty, and growing investment and hoarding demand are the consequences of the financial crisis. inflation expectations, geopolitical instability and growing needs for diversification. On the basis of economic-theoretical analysis the essence, character of behavior, types and conditions of realization of hoarding investments (TI) in crisis economy are analyzed. The concept of "hoarding investments" has been clarified. The main subjects and objects of hoarding investments are identified. The objects of hoarding investments are bank metals (and coins from them) precious stones, jewelry, art objects and antiques. Available types, modern tendencies, methods and conditions of realization of hoarding investments are investigated. Coins issued by both Ukrainian and foreign banks were found to be numismatically valuable. However, foreign coins entering our market are usually issued in large numbers and, accordingly, have less numismatic value. In the United States, consumption of diamond jewelry is constantly growing due to the combination of domestic market unsaturation with well-established lending mechanisms, Europe is characterized by stagnation in the consumption of diamond jewelry, and for some countries, such as Germany, even a reduction. Hoarding investments in collectibles are specific in nature, due to their complexity, the relatively narrow market for each type of collection, the need for special knowledge and skills for proper investment. Keywords: hoarding investments, banking institutions, crisis economy, risk diversification, coins, precious stones, collectibles, profitability, interest.
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Voskoboeva, E. V., and O. S. Romashchenko. "Transnational Corporations in the Conditions of Globalization of Ukrainian Economy." Business Inform 1, no. 516 (2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-1-21-27.
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This article is concerned with the actual problem of development of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the context of globalization of the economy. The main characteristic feature of TNCs is their ability to plan, organize and control economic activities in different countries. Precisely this is a trait that distinguishes a TNC from other participants in the world economic system. The article carries out a comprehensive study of the impact of transnational corporations on the world economy. The study identifies that the influence of transnational corporations on the world economy, regardless of the level of their development, is increasing. Therefore, foreign direct investment is an important mechanism through which savings are transferred from advanced, industrialized countries to developing countries. Thus, it is identified that among foreign investors the most investment attractive in Ukraine are industry, wholesale and retail trade, professional, scientific and technical activities, information and telecommunications, financial sphere and real estate operations. Also attractive for TNCs from industrialized countries is the investment in the infrastructure of business servicing, first of all, enterprises with foreign investments. It is also examined that most foreign capital was invested in Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Donetsk, Odesa, Poltava, Lviv and Kharkiv regions. It is concluded that the main task is not to confront or combat the influence of large foreign TNCs, but to align their interests with the strategic priorities of the Ukrainian economy, as well as to create own competitive TNCs. To this end, the main competitive advantages and negative consequences of transnational corporations are allocated.
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Witkowska, Janina. "Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment in the Textile, Garment, and Leather Industry." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 14, no. 1 (July 25, 2011): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-011-0001-7.
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The subject of this paper is analysis and assessment of foreign direct investment (FDI) as made by transnational corporations in the textile, garment, and leather industry on a world economic scale under conditions of globalization. Significant changes are occurring in the sector and industry structure of global FDI. In terms of the three sectors of the economy, a long-term shift of FDI to the service sector at a cost to investments in manufacturing may be seen. Foreign investments are being made in the textile, garment, and leather industry. They are growing in the long term. However, the dynamics of the FDI streams flowing to this industry is one of the lowest in manufacturing. Over the long term (1990-2007), the share of the textile, garment, and leather industry in global FDI stock decreased from 1.5% to 0.6% in 2007. In spite of the labour-intensive character of this industry, in their bulk, the FDI are destined to the highly developed countries.
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Krajňáková, Emília, Vaida Pilinkienė, and Patrik Bulko. "DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYABILITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS GRADUATES." Engineering Economics 31, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.2.24751.
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The scope of the data presented in this study offers a comprehensive view of the issue of the HEI graduates employability in the Czech Republic and also in the Slovak Republic – related to determinants of economic development and their impact on them. This paper examines the impact of gross domestic product, gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development by only higher education sector and foreign direct investment on HEI graduates employability. The results indicate that correlation between unemployment of tertiary educated Slovaks and GDP, GERD and FDI values was very big. Correlation relationship of similar determinants, except determinant GERD in conditions of the Czech Republic was characterized as weak. On the other hand, significantly stronger (very big to perfect) correlation affecting employment of tertiary educated Czechs regarding to indicators of gross domestic product, gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development by sector of higher education and foreign direct investments as well. In conditions of the Slovak Republic, correlation relationship between employment of tertiary educated Slovaks and GDP was almost perfect.
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Stojanovic, Ilija. "Moderated Mediation Effects of Economic Freedom on FDI Under Different Levels of Political Stability." Research in World Economy 11, no. 6 (December 20, 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n6p269.
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Global competitiveness position is perceived as a highly relevant enabler for attracting foreign direct investments. Our study goes beyond this well-known fact to understand whether economic freedom indicators are relevant cause for global competitiveness in attracting foreign direct investments and how this relationship behaves in different conditions of political stability. We focused our empirical study to mediating and moderating processes through which global competitiveness is linked with FDI. We developed and tested a second stage moderated parallel mediation model to observe mediating effects of economic freedom and moderating effects of political stability. Our research was focused on mediating effects of several indicators of Economic Freedom including Size of Government, Legal System & Property Rights, Sound Money, Freedom to trade internationally and Regulation. The findings indicate that Legal System & Property Rights and Freedom to trade internationally have positive conditional indirect effects within the model. Freedom to trade internationally is a much more sensible mediator variable in case of different levels of political stability while Legal System & Property Rights is not significantly affected by political stability, strengthening economic freedom in these two dimensions provides an enhanced effect of existing competitiveness on FDI growth. We recognized that political stability has no influence on the indirect effects between competitiveness and inward FDI produced by Legal System & Property Rights, as one of the dimensions of economic freedom. Therefore, to attract FDI in unstable political conditions is very useful to establish a proper legal system and adequate protection of property rights. In such a legal environment, foreign investors will feel comfortable regardless of the political risks in the country. Freedom to trade internationally is a much more sensible mediator variable under the influence of political instability.
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Knight, Lizzie, and Tania Voon. "The Evolution of National Security at the Interface Between Domestic and International Investment Law and Policy: The Role of China." Journal of World Investment & Trade 21, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 104–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340169.
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Abstract As China’s economy grows and the global economy increasingly digitalises, security takes on heightened significance. Security exceptions exist in numerous investment agreements and domestic regulatory frameworks for reviewing foreign investments. These reviews have shifted to focus on China, particularly for investments involving data. Continued expansion of security as a basis for rejecting investment applications threatens economic integration, while allowing international tribunals to review these decisions by ruling on this exception may be counterproductive. Alternatives exist at domestic and international levels. Domestically, a focus on evidence-based assessments and the imposition of conditions may mitigate security concerns. International guidelines and principles are already established to assist investors and investment agencies. Further international rule reform may allow agreed solutions to data concerns in place of security as a catch-all response to perceived threats of foreign investment.
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Ariç, Kivanç Halil, Siok Kun Sek, and Miguel Rocha de Sousa. "Current Account Balance in Emerging Asia." Studies in Business and Economics 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0002.
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Abstract The current account balance is an important indicator which reveals information on a country’s economic situation such as investments, capital flows, and indebtedness. The main purpose of this study is to examine the current account balance conditions in emerging Asian countries. In this respect, the long-run and causality relationship between current account balance, economic growth, government expenditure, real interest rates, and foreign direct investment was examined. The panel data analysis was applied using the data dated 1986 to 2015. Our results revealed a causal effect from economic growth and government expenditure to current account balance mainly dependent on saving tendency.
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Mohammed, Assad H. "Foreign Direct Investment and its Impact on Development of the Tourism Sector in Kurdistan Region – Iraq." Journal of University of Human Development 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v4n1y2018.pp80-89.
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Countries seek to attract foreign investment because of the benefits that expect and the positive effects which these investments can have on their economies. However, these investments are looking for a safe of investment environment to work in their conditions of economic safety and legislation and regulations that would facilitate their work freely without restrictions or government control; as well as, the security and political stability, which is a prerequisite for directing these investments to a certain economy. This is clearly in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. Thus, given the importance of the tourism sector in the economies of most countries and its clear role in economic and social development, many countries have given their attention to tourism investment, which is an important source of their economic resources. Developing countries have started developing plans and strategies based on field scientific studies and theory for the development of the tourism sector and development. This is so that this sector is the cornerstone of the pyramid interest of the power in most developed countries and territories including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Where, the territory occupies an important place through its geographical location and its potential tourism in different directions and diversity of tourism characteristics. Based on the above, the selection of foreign direct investment and its impact on the development of the tourism sector in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq has been the subject of research. This aimed in identifying the reality of direct investment in Kurdistan Region and its impact on the development of the tourism sector. Thus, identifying the most important challenges facing, it so that it can make a number of proposals which contribute to addressing these challenges.
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Korolyuk, Elena, and Ekaterina Mezentseva. "Investment as a basic tool for socio-economic development of the Krasnodar territory." KANT 37, no. 4 (December 2020): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-37.28.
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Investments are the driving force behind the development of any territory, and their impact on the socio-economic situation of the region and its competitiveness cannot be overestimated. Krasnodar region is one of the most attractive regions for investment (including foreign ones) in the Russian Federation with a very low investment risk, which is currently experiencing a reduction in investment activity. Although it is clear that the development of investment activity is now limited to a greater extent by macroeconomic factors, regional authorities should make every effort to create favorable conditions for the revival of investment activity.
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STAVSKA, Uliya. "THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE SHAPING OF UKRAINE'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 3 (53) (October 4, 2020): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2020-3-10.
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The article deals with the problems of realization and improvement of Ukraine's foreign economic policy in the conditions of globalization. The economic revival and self-determination of Ukraine, which are inextricably linked with its entry into the modern world economy, with the search for its place in the processes of globalization, are investigated. The global tendencies of formation of the modern market economy, which characterize a new type of economic systems of the XXI century, which develop on a market basis while regulating the economic life of society by the state and maintaining the social stability of society, are found out. The problems of Ukraine's integration into the world economy have been identified. It is determined that the modern national economy is not simply included in the system of world relations, but is its active equal subject. The country's global competitiveness index and its rating have been formed. The influence of globalization on the shaping of Ukraine's foreign economic policy is analyzed. It is proved that the choice of the model of development of the Ukrainian national-state economic system is caused not only by internal but also by external factors. Recommendations have been made to improve Ukraine's position on the world stage. The models of export-oriented or import-oriented production, which are determined by the goals of the foreign economic policy of the state, are considered. The examples of creation of production and investment model of economic relations at the enterprises of Ukraine are given. Proposals for improvement of Ukraine's foreign economic policy have been elaborated, aimed at creating favorable conditions for regulating economic relations, which provide competitive advantages and attracting foreign investments in the conditions of globalization. Approaches have been established that determine the priorities of the country's foreign economic policy making, the strategy and tactics of which are determined by the socio-economic features of a particular country's development.
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Lizak, Piotr. "Proces kształtowania się słowackiego przemysłu motoryzacyjnego jako wyraz konkurencyjności regionu." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 17 (January 1, 2011): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.17.12.
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The spatial systems of different scale try to create the most advantageous conditions for attracting new forms of economic activity to the particular areas by increasing their attractiveness of the new locations for the economic activities.With reference to the presented premises the process of forming Slovak automotive industry is presented. The paper presents the essential factors that caused competitive advantage of Slovakia in comparison to other countries of Central Europe, determining increased streams of direct foreign investments that resulted in, among others, dynamic development of Slovak automotive industry.
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Lubambo de Melo, Murilo. "Protection of Domestic Investors under the WTO and International Investment Regimes." World Trade Review 19, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745620000142.
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AbstractThis paper analyses how international economic law regulates measures aimed at the protection of domestic investors against foreign investors. It evaluates the logic of investment protectionism and assesses the incentives behind foreign entry barriers. It analyses and evaluates WTO GATS cases that dealt with the issue. It then develops a framework on how the facts of the China–Electronic Payments Panel decision could be assessed in international investment treaties. Several provisions common to those treaties would be applicable to the situation and the recent US–China Economic Agreement explicitly deals with the issue. However, adjudication under investment treaties would only be possible if some procedural conditions were present. The paper concludes that international economic law already covers a range of situations related to entry barriers to foreign investments. It also suggests that states can carefully tailor both substantive and procedural treaty rules to allow for coverage, or not, of situations involving domestic monopolies.
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Gavatiuk, Liudmyla, Alina Korbutiak, Nataliya Sokrovolska, Maksym Karvatskyi, and Eduard Yurii. "The system of the key indicators of formation of attractive investment climate of Ukraine and peculiarities of their management." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(1).2020.14.
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Ukraine, as a young country, is creating the investment market, which is the most important component of the national economy under the challenges and threats of the XXI century, instability and hybrid war. The study aims to analyze the investment climate and investment attractiveness of Ukraine and to identify key indicators through the political, legal, economic, social, and other conditions under which its investment market will become attractive. The dynamics investigation of foreign direct investments (FDI) inflows into Ukraine during 2002–2018, their structural analysis enabled to identify the periods of the most significant fluctuations and to state the reasons for such changes, to differentiate priority sectors of the Ukrainian economy being of financial interest to foreign investors, which is as a whole the basis of the attractive investment climate formation and management in the country.The methods of financial management system, including the method of SWOT analysis, were applied to determine investment weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities, considering the peculiarities of their management.As a consequence of the analysis on the reasons for the reduction of foreign investments in the country economy, it is proved that the proposed mechanism for improving the investment climate in the country will allow increasing FDI inflows and financing the general capital investments.
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Kim, Tien Do Thi. "Attraction of foreign direct investment in agriculture." Accounting 7, no. 6 (2021): 1407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.3.024.
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Agriculture is an industry with potential and advantages for development, but it is increasingly difficult to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Up to now, the results of attracting FDI inflows into the agricultural sector have many limitations, not really reaching the industry’s potential. This study will assess the current situation of attracting foreign direct investments into the agricultural sector in Vietnam in terms of FDI capital scale, FDI capital structure based on agriculture standard, investment method, investment partners and by investment recipients. The Red River Delta is one of the two Vietnamese economic regions with highly agricultural production. With the tradition of agricultural production and many favorable natural, economic and social conditions, the Red River Delta can further develop into a major agricultural production area of the country, contributing to economic development of the region and the whole country. However, FDI investment in agriculture in the region is modest compared to the potential of the industry as well as compared to other sectors in the region. While FDI inflow into Vietnam and other sectors in the region tends to increase strongly, FDI into agriculture is very low and has not grown for a long time, which is contrary to the trend of FDI to other sectors of the Red River Delta as well as the whole country and also contrary to the FDI flows to global agriculture.
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Хлестова, Ирина, and Irina KHlyestova. "INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS FOR THE PROTECTION OF FOREIGN INVESTOR." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_598063fb0a2158.24037837.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of international agreements on questions of protection of foreign investments. The multilateral agreements are investigated in the indicated area. There is a detailed analysis of agreements concluded originally by the USSR and then by the Russian Federation. The author draws attention to the lack of a unified approach to the definition of the concept of “foreign investment”, which has evolved over time. It is argued that both national and foreign investments are an economic category and there is no single legal concept for them, similarly with respect to the definition of the term “an investor”.
The guarantees to the foreign investors by virtue of bilateral international agreements on protection of foreign investments are investigated, in particular: most favored nation treatment, national treatment, payment obligation for compensation in case of nationalization, expropriation and other measures that have analogical characters, permission of disputes between an investor and a state accepting investment.
The author comes to the conclusion that in international law there is no ordinary norm about investment disputes settlement by international commercial arbitration.
The author analyzes changes to the Law of the Russian Federation of July 7, 1993 No. 5338-I on International Commercial Arbitration introduced as a result of the adoption of the Federal Law of December 29, 2015 No. 409-FZ. The article highlights the influence of state courts on the activities of international commercial arbitration, the expansion of the competence of international commercial arbitration and the filling of gaps in the 1993 Law on International Commercial Arbitration. The author believes that the expansion of the use of international commercial arbitration bodies ensures the creation of conditions to protect the interests of foreign investors.
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Kaditi, Eleni Ath. "Foreign Direct Investments and Productivity Growth in the Agri-Food Sector of Eastern Europe and Central Asia: An Empirical Analysis." Global Economy Journal 6, no. 3 (September 20, 2006): 1850091. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1165.
Full textAbstract:
Since the beginning of transition, Eastern European and Central Asian (ECA) countries compete against one another in attracting foreign investors by offering ever more generous incentive packages. Recent empirical research provides though little support for the idea that foreign direct investments (FDI) have a positive effect on local economies. This paper examines then whether FDI benefits are sufficient to justify the kind of policy interventions seen in practice. Analysis focuses on the impact of the increasing presence of multinationals on the economic development of transition economies in ECA through the generation of vertical and horizontal spillovers. Our theoretical model shows that policies which promote FDI are more likely to be justified on welfare grounds if multinationals engage in technology transfer that improves local suppliers' productivity, multinationals' technological advantage over the local competitors is only moderate, and the establishment of foreign affiliates does not lower the local processors' market share. Using data from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS), empirical research suggests, however, that foreign investments are more likely to have a positive impact on their local suppliers, and a negative one on their local competitors, implying that the second and third conditions are unlikely to hold.
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Kukaj, Halil, and Faruk B. Ahmeti. "The Importance Of Foreign Direct Investments On Economic Development In Transitional Countries: A Case Study Of Kosovo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2016): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n7p288.
Full textAbstract:
The role of investment, in particularly foreign direct investment (FDI), is regarded as one of the most important contributors of economic growth. The past quarter century has witnessed remarkable growth in FDIs flow all over the world. This is due to the fact that many countries, especially developing countries, see FDI as an important element in their overall strategy for economic development. This paper provides a review of the economic impact of FDI, with specific focus on developing countries particularly Kosovo and ex-Yugoslavian countries in the Balkan Peninsula. FDIs contribute to the economic development of host country in two main ways. They include the augmentation of domestic capital and the enhancement of efficiency through the transfer of new technology, marketing and managerial skills, innovation, and best practices. Secondly, FDI has both benefits and costs, and its impact is determined by the country’s specific conditions in general and the policy environment in particular. This is in terms of the ability to diversify, the level of absorption capacity, targeting of FDI, and the various opportunities for linkages between FDI and domestic investment. The paper aims to clarify the main causes of failure of foreign direct investments in Kosovo and reviles the importance of indicators that majorly has an institutional nature. Neither the amount nor the effects of foreign direct investment were satisfactory. Therefore, the paper reviles that in this aspect, a wide range of actions needs to be made, which is specifically related to government institutions and the business community.
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Man Singh, Bal Krishna, and Bishwambher Pyakuryal. "Benefits of Economic Liberalization in Growth and Development of Industry: With Reference to Butwal Industrial Area of Nepal." International Research Journal of MMC 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irjmmc.v2i2.38145.
Full textAbstract:
Economic liberalization policy is important to speed up the development activities. Nepal has been following the policy of economic liberalization since the mid-1980s which was accelerated with the start of 1990s. Nepal adopted economic liberalization to minimize public expenditure burden of loss-making public enterprises, mobilize private savings, investments, and FDI (Foreign Domestic Investment) as well as to meet Multilateral Donors conditions of economic reform. The study was conducted to identify the benefit of economic liberalization in industrial growth and development in Nepal. The study was conducted in the Butwal area of Province 5. It was a cross-section study based on the quantitative design. There was total 385 respondents selected from among the industrialists, traders, and bankers. The result shows that there were positive impactson the various economic indicators of industry like quantitative restrictions in trade had been removed, bilateral trade agreement facilitated free flow of goods and services, deregulated the monopoly of market, controlling in price structure, privatization of public services, flexibility in the exchange rate, elimination of import license and quotas, liberalization of foreign investments, High and sustained growth through market-based resource allocation, infusion of competition in the economy, reduction of state domination, and encouragement of private participation in economic activities were the added advantages of liberalization. There was significant difference in the response of industrialists, traders and bankers on benefit of economic liberalization in industrial growth and development in Nepal such as promotion of free trade, deregulation of the monopoly market, elimination of subsidies, price controls and other more benefits.
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Ghenova, Svetlana. "Manufacturing Industry of the ATU Gagauzia (Republic of Moldova)." International Journal of Marketing and Sales Education 2, no. 1 (January 2019): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmse.2019010102.
Full textAbstract:
The wide range of opportunities for the development of manufacturing industry in the ATU Gagauzia (Republic of Moldova) are considered in this article. An analysis of the production and economic performance of the manufacturing industry, in connection with the problems of regional authority's regulation of the manufacturing market is made. The characteristic of production and technical potential of the manufacturing industry in the country and its use is given. Much attention is paid to creation conditions of investments in the fixed capital of the industry and the development of methods of regional authorities of the regulation of investment activities. The publication covers the foundations of the formation and management of the regional human resources. The central objective of this publication author are the analysis and presenting the basis of the stimulation of manufacturing industry development and the attraction of investments to the region, realizing that only by developing the economy through domestic and foreign investments can the good conditions be created for increasing the pace of production, improving the quality of products, and expanding the boundaries of product sales. The Gagauzian entrepreneurs pay constant attention to the activities of businesses in the autonomy and build a constructive dialogue to identify the solutions of any issues by initiating and adopting regulations to encourage entrepreneurial activity and investment in the region. The building blocks for enabling such a policy are the openness of the region to domestic and foreign investors, improving the business and investment climate, and the creation of preferential conditions for attracting investments to the main sectors of the region (including the manufacturing industry).
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Wagner, Monica-Nataliia Laurensovna, Sergey A. Makushkin, Vitaly V. Goncharov, Dariana Dmitrievna Maksimova, Vladimir Dmitriyevich Sekerin, and Anna Evgenevna Gorokhova. "Regulating the tourism industry to attract foreign investments at risk of force majeure events." Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-C (December 30, 2020): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-c655p.299-306.
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This article studies the legislative regulation of tourist activities in order to improve the investment climate. The authors consider the current state of the tourist services market and the reasons why the flow of tourists has significantly decreased and analyze the refund policy in case it is impossible to provide a tourist service due to the closure of the border during the pandemic. Based on the analysis of the international experience and the tourism industry in the Russian Federation, the authors developed recommendations to improve existing legislation and government policy towards the tourism industry, which should guarantee the influx of investments. In addition, they addressed the issue of attracting foreign investments to the tourism industry within the scope of public-private partnerships, as well as the issue of the creation of special economic zones of the tourist and recreational type. The authors concluded that it is necessary to form a clear political program for the development of tourism in the Russian Federation and to apply comprehensive measures to create conditions in which Russian tourism develops more effectively.