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Journal articles on the topic 'Namibia National Development Plan'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Carver, Rosanna. "Lessons for blue degrowth from Namibia’s emerging blue economy." Sustainability Science 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00754-0.

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AbstractGlobally there has been recognition that there is little consensus attributed to the definition of the blue economy. However, despite this acknowledgement, the blue economy is championed for its development potential by the African Union and subsequently, several African states. Having formalised the agenda in its fifth National Development Plan Namibia is working to implement a governance and management framework to “sustainably maximise benefits from marine resources” by 2020 (Republic of Namibia in Namibia’s 5th National Development Plan (NDP5) 2017). Concurrently, new entrants, such as marine mineral mining projects, have emerged in recognition of the potential offered within the state’s Exclusive Economic Zone. This article argues that the uptake of the blue economy is shaped by multiple, and often conflicting, interests. The emergence of the agenda is not apolitical, nor has it been established in isolation from exogenous actors and interests. Subsequently, this article suggests that the critique of the emerging blue economy should be applied to discussions of a blue degrowth movement, to avoid transposing a new agenda over another. As demonstrated with reference to Namibia, contextual and historical issues need to be recognised by degrowth discussions, and their inherent and continued structural effects analysed. This is of particular importance when considering whose voices are represented or excluded by such agendas, complicated by the (geo)physical characteristics of the marine sphere.

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Nambira, Geoffrey. "Analyzing the Determinants of Teachers’ Mathematics Teaching Competencies in Upper Primary Phase: Evidence from Namibia." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 2, no. 4 (2015): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.24.2004.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which predictors of teachers’ competencies in teaching mathematics predict the outcomes of mathematics performance among learners at upper primary phase. The determinants were namely gender, teaching experience, region, qualification, and fields of study exert effect on teachers’ competencies in lesson planning and preparation, assessment and evaluation of learners, lesson delivery, the use of teaching strategies, the quality of homework, and the availability of teaching materials. The generic understanding of the impacts of predictors of teaching competencies on learners’ performance significantly informs the development of training programmes components, and teaching and learning processes across the schooling system. Shulman’s theory of teacher content and pedagogical knowledge underpinned the study. The study comprised of holistic samples of 117 mathematics teachers at upper primary phase teachers from 39 schools. The selection of three schools from each region followed three criteria, namely outstanding, moderate, and lower performances in Grade 10 examination. Data is collected from classroom observation and analysis of relevant documents. The findings show that predictor variables such as gender, teacher qualification, teaching experience, field of study, and region exerted effects on the way teachers plan and prepare the lesson, deliver the lesson, assess and evaluate learners, use the teaching materials, and the quality of work. Teachers who specialized in mathematics were more competent in mathematics teaching. The results presuppose that predictors of teachers’ competencies in teaching mathematics are essential for improving teaching and learning of mathematics in schools. The outcome of this study is beneficial to education officials who are directly responsible for coordinating the teaching of mathematics in schools and the allocation of teaching subjects, particularly mathematics. The findings showed that a number of teachers were not trained mathematics. This was an indication of the existing shortage of mathematics teachers in schools nationally. Untrained mathematics teachers negatively influenced learners’ performance. These outcomes implied that education planners at the national, regional and district levels should set up strategies on how to increase the production of mathematics teachers nationally in order to meet the demand of such teachers in schools.

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Vallejo Orti, Miguel, Kaleb Negussie, Eva Corral-Pazos-de-Provens, Bernhard Höfle, and Olaf Bubenzer. "Comparison of Three Algorithms for the Evaluation of TanDEM-X Data for Gully Detection in Krumhuk Farm (Namibia)." Remote Sensing 11, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111327.

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Namibia is a dry and low populated country highly dependent on agriculture, with many areas experiencing land degradation accelerated by climate change. One of the most obvious and damaging manifestations of these degradation processes are gullies, which lead to great economic losses while accelerating desertification. The development of standardized methods to detect and monitor the evolution of gully-affected areas is crucial to plan prevention and remediation strategies. With the aim of developing solutions applicable at a regional or even national scale, fully automated satellite-based remote sensing methods are explored in this research. For this purpose, three different algorithms are applied to a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generated from the TanDEM-X satellite mission to extract gullies from their geomorphological characteristics: (i) Inverted Morphological Reconstruction (IMR), (ii) Smoothing Moving Polynomial Fitting (SMPF) and (iii) Multi Profile Curvature Analysis (MPCA). These algorithms are adapted or newly developed to identify gullies at the pixel level (12 m) in our study site in the Krumhuk Farm. The results of the three methods are benchmarked with ground truth; specific scenarios are observed to better understand the performance of each method. Results show that MPCA is the most reliable method to identify gullies, achieving an overall accuracy of approximately 0.80 with values of Cohen Kappa close to 0.35. The performance of these parameters improves when detecting large gullies (>30 m width and >3 m depth) achieving Total Accuracies (TA) near to 0.90, Cohen Kappa above 0.5, and User Accuracy (UA) and Producer Accuracy (PA) over 0.50 for the gully class. Small gullies (<12 m wide and <2 m deep) are usually neglected in the classification results due to spatial resolution constraints within the input DEM. In addition, IMR generates accurate results for UA in the gully class (0.94). The MPCA method developed here is a promising tool for the identification of large gullies considering extensive study areas. Nevertheless, further development is needed to improve the accuracy of the algorithms, as well as to derive geomorphological gully parameters (e.g., perimeter and volume) instead of pixel-level classification.

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4

Namhila, Ellen Ndeshi, and Ritva Niskala. "Libraries supporting national development goals in Namibia." IFLA Journal 39, no. 1 (March 2013): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0340035212473428.

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5

Nemakonde, Livhuwani David, and Dewald Van Niekerk. "A normative model for integrating organisations for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within SADC member states." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 26, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-03-2017-0066.

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Purpose Research has demonstrated that governance of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) have evolved largely in isolation from each other – through different conceptual and institutional frameworks, response strategies and plans, at both international, national and subnational levels. As a result, the management of disaster risk through DRR and CCA is highly fragmented. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the set of actors and their location in government that create and shape governance in DRR and CCA integration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states. Design/methodology/approach The study draws upon a range of data collection techniques including a comprehensive literature review relating to DRR and CCA in general and in the SADC member states, face-to-face interviews and an online survey. A mixed method research design was applied to the study with a total of 35 respondents from Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe participating in the face-to-face interviews and an online survey. Findings The analysis shows that DRR and CCA are carried out by different departments, agencies and/or ministries in all but three SADC member states, namely, Mozambique, Mauritius and the Seychelles. Participants were able to highlight the different ways in which integration should unfold. In light of this, the paper proposes a normative model to integrate government organisations for DRR and CCA within SADC member states. Originality/value The implementation of the model has the potential to accelerate the integration of organisations for DRR and CCA, with the resultant improvement in the implementation of risk reduction strategies and efficient use of resources.

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6

Sofield, Trevor H. B. "Indonesia's National Tourism Development Plan." Annals of Tourism Research 22, no. 3 (January 1995): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)00087-9.

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7

Szlachta, Jacek. "Poland’s National Development Plan 2007-2013." Gospodarka Narodowa 194, no. 9 (September 25, 2004): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/113710.

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8

Ellis, Justin, and Brent H. Richardson. "The development of national standards for adult educators in Namibia." International Review of Education 58, no. 3 (April 29, 2012): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11159-012-9292-6.

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9

Simon, David. "Decolonisation and Local Government in Namibia: the Neo-Apartheid Plan, 1977–83." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 3 (September 1985): 507–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00057207.

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Namibia is distinctive in Africa for at least three significant reasons. First of all, it remains the continent's last colony in defiance of world opinion and the United Nations. Secondly, it has experienced Africa's longest armed liberation struggle apart from South Africa, with no end yet in sight. Thirdly, and most importantly, that conflict is not being waged against some distant metropolitan power, but Namibia's dominant and pariah neighbour. Just as this geographical contiguity has facilitated South African attempts to retain control over Namibia, it seems certain to impose severe constraints on the scope for pursuing independent policies once Namibian sovereignty is finally achieved.

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10

Arnst, Michael, Lisa Draga, and Lisa Andrews. "Basic education and the National Development Plan." Social Dynamics 39, no. 1 (March 2013): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2013.777556.

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11

Clarke, Gwen. "National plan: strategic development for the NHS." British Journal of Community Nursing 5, no. 8 (August 2000): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2000.5.8.7143.

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12

Green, Reginald Herbold. "Structural Adjustment and National Environmental Strategies: What Interactions? Notes from Namibia." IDS Bulletin 22, no. 4 (October 1991): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1991.mp22004007.x.

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13

Humavindu, Michael N. "Estimating national economic parameters for Namibia using the shadow pricing approach." Development Southern Africa 30, no. 2 (June 2013): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2013.801193.

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14

International Monetary Fund. "Cote d'Ivoire: Economic Development Documents-National Development Plan, 2016-20." IMF Staff Country Reports 16, no. 388 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475562019.002.

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15

Graf, William, and Markus Link. "First National Development Corporation of SWA Ltd. Als Entwicklungsbank in SWA/Namibia." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26, no. 2 (1992): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485894.

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16

Ri, H. C. "Fostering regional universities and balanced national development - National university promotion plan -." Journal of Regional Studies 29, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 57–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31324/jrs.2021.06.29.2.57.

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17

MORICHI, Shigeru. "Key Issues of the New National Development Plan." Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 22, no. 1 (2008): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.22.1_38.

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18

Szlachta, Jacek. "Poland’s National Development Plan 2004-2006 - Strategic Choices." Gospodarka Narodowa 185, no. 7-8 (July 25, 2003): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/113790.

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19

Wang, Jun. "National Spatial Strategic Plan of England." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 142, no. 1 (March 2016): 04015007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000284.

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20

Kibuule, Dan, Philomein Aiases, Nunurai Ruswa, Timothy William Rennie, Roger K. Verbeeck, Brian Godman, and Mwangana Mubita. "Predictors of loss to follow-up of tuberculosis cases under the DOTS programme in Namibia." ERJ Open Research 6, no. 1 (January 2020): 00030–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00030-2019.

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BackgroundIn Namibia, one out of every 25 cases of tuberculosis (TB) is “lost to follow-up” (LTFU). This has impacted negatively on national efforts to end the disease by 2035. The aim of this study was to determine the trends and predictors of LTFU under the directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) programme in Namibia.MethodsThe study involved a retrospective longitudinal analysis of a nationwide cohort of TB cases registered under the DOTS programme in Namibia from 2006 to 2015. The trends and predictors of LTFU among cases in the National Electronic TB Register of the National TB and Leprosy Program were respectively determined by interrupted time series and multivariate logistic regression analyses using R-Studio software.ResultsOut of 104 203 TB cases, 3775 (3.6%) were LTFU. A quarter (26%) of cases with poor outcomes were due to LTFU. The annual decline in cases of LTFU was significant between the first (2005–2010) and second (2010–2015) medium-term plan period for TB programme implementation (p=0.002). The independent predictors of LTFU were male sex (p=0.004), 15–24 years age group (p=0.03), provider of treatment (p<0.001), intensive phase (p=0.047) and living in border/transit regions (p<0.001). HIV co-infection and TB regimen were not significant predictors of LTFU.ConclusionsThere were declining trends in LTFU in Namibia. DOTS programmes should integrate socioeconomic interventions for young and middle-aged adult male TB cases to reduce LTFU.

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21

Matengu, Marika, Ailie Cleghorn, and Riitta-Liisa Korkeamäki. "Keeping the national standard? Contextual dilemmas of educational marginalization in Namibia." International Journal of Educational Development 62 (September 2018): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.10.024.

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22

Tellegen, Egbert. "The Dutch National Environmental Policy Plan." Netherlands Journal of Housing and Environmental Research 4, no. 4 (December 1989): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02503101.

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23

Krautwurst, Udo, and Daniel Joseph Walther. "Creating Germans Abroad: Cultural Policies and National Identity in Namibia." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 38, no. 1 (2004): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4107298.

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24

De Jager, Pieter, Karen Hofman, Taskeen Khan, Heinrich Volmink, and Ruxana Jina. "Recommendations to improve the National Development Plan for Health." South African Medical Journal 102, no. 11 (September 7, 2012): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.6160.

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25

김재원. "The Development Research of National Public Pension Plan Analysis." Journal of Policy Development 10, no. 2 (December 2010): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35224/kapd.2010.10.2.004.

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26

Gyarmati, Ágnes. "Agri-environmental subsidies and the National Rural Development Plan." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 20 (May 23, 2006): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/20/3155.

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The financing of agri-environmental target programs which is a prominent area in the EU became possible during the implementation and successful operation of the National Agricultural Environment Protection Program (NAPP) launched in 2002. Through this program we gained experience in the field agri-environmental measures which are financed from the Guidance Section of European Agricultural and Guarantee Fund in the European Union. The agri-environmental measures which are included in the National Rural Development Plan (NRDP) were implemented in Hungary in the fall of 2004 when the farmers handed in their application after the publishing of the related law. The NAPP financing is still active, but not significant since most farmers have chosen NRDP measures.We are examining the experience of the above programs after studying some theoretical aspects of the agricultural economics and the EU laws. We try to analyse the most important experiences of NAPP including the legal background, news opportunities yielded by target programs, the financing, organisation, and institutional background. We will present the results taking into consideration the data of the winning applicants.

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27

Strauss, Ilan. "Manufacturing and the National Development Plan: which way forward?" Social Dynamics 39, no. 1 (March 2013): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2013.777546.

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Valodia, Imraan. "Bringing the informal economy into the National Development Plan." Social Dynamics 39, no. 1 (March 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2013.777559.

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Kohli, Kanchi, and Ashish Kothari. "A national plan, built from below ? — The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, India." Social Change 33, no. 2-3 (June 2003): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570303300306.

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The National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP), formulated from 2000 to 2003, was envisaged as a comprehensive action plan for conserving biodiversity in India, that would adequately reflect the aspirations of the hitherto marginalised peoples who have a direct stake in biodiversity conservation. For the first time, a truly participatory approach was adopted for environmental conservation and planning in India. For a country of India's size, biological and cultural diversity and immense social and economic divides, this has been no easy task for Kalpavriksh Environmental Action Group, the NGO with whom the Government of India is collaborating to formulate the NBSAP. In this article, the process and products of the NBSAP are reviewed, outlining its aims, the extent to which these have been met and the limitations in the process of its formulation. Through 33 state-level, 18 local-level and 10 inter-state level plans, the draft National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) recommends a series of bold measures to ensure that the country's ecological security is ensured. These measures call for a major reorientation of the process of economic development and of governance of natural resources, such that the health of the environment, and the livelihoods of biomass-dependent communities become central to all planning. The NBSAP process has been highly successful with respect to degree of involvement of local communities, development of linkages with ongoing conservation action, integration of cross-cutting issues such as globalisation and livelihood into conservation planning, and comprehensive assessment of various aspects of biodiversity. Implementation of the NBSAP has already begun in parts of nine states without external support, showing the high level of impact it has had on active citizens’ groups and governmental bodies. However, the planning process suffered from a number of inadequacies such as ineffective networking with some critical sections of the public such as religious leaders and corporate houses and unsatisfactory degree of involvement of women.

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30

Heyns, Piet. "Water institutional reforms in Namibia." Water Policy 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0006.

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After years of colonial rule and a long struggle to end external administration, Namibia became independent in 1990. The realization of political reform within a modern democratic framework has called for wide-ranging reforms in all sectors of the economy to which the water sector is not an exception. Institutional reforms in the water sector were undertaken with an overall aim of introducing integrated water resources management as a durable solution to the water challenges of the arid environment prevailing in Namibia. The reforms included the development of a new national water policy, the preparation of draft legislation, and new organizational changes to develop, manage and regulate activities in the water sector. Although institutional reforms in the water sector are necessary to meet the demands of a new nation, they cannot succeed without the required level of skill and capacity both within and outside water administration. While it is relatively easier to formulate new policies, promulgate legislation and create new organizations, it is very difficult for an emerging country to develop quickly the human capacity necessary to handle the reforms, especially when inadequate funding constraints create a conflict between resource development and capacity building.

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31

Parker, Lynne E. "Creation of the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan." AI Magazine 39, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v39i2.2803.

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In October 2016, the United States announced the release of the National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan, which lays out a strategic plan for Federally-funded research and development in AI. As a coleader of the Task Force that developed this plan, I was asked to discuss its creation in an invited presentation at AAAI 2017. This article is based on that presentation, which outlines not only the Plan itself, but also provides insight into its goals and objectives, and background on how the Plan was created.

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32

Tapscott, Chris. "National reconciliation, social equity and class formation in independent Namibia." Journal of Southern African Studies 19, no. 1 (March 1993): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079308708345.

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33

Durham, Deborah. "Creating Germans Abroad: Cultural Policies and National Identity in Namibia (review)." Africa Today 51, no. 1 (2004): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2004.0062.

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34

Namhindo, Eben-Eser Ndaamenwa, Fanghua Mei, Rui Cao, Shenghai Lai, Yufan Dai, Hong Lai, Meng Zhu, Huimin Fu, Huang Huang, and Jun Wang. "PrEP: AIDS-Free Hope in Namibia?" International Journal of Biology 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v10n1p13.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that causes infections and over time leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV causes a loss of immune function in human and subsequent development of opportunistic infections. Namibia, one important country in West Africa, has been suffering HIV/AIDS incidence over years. Among people between 15 to 49 years old, the national HIV prevalence rate is more than 10%, which causes huge health and economic loss. Recently, Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been approved in Namibia for better prevention of HIV/AIDS. In this paper, we will review the current epidemic condition of HIV and the role played by PrEP in Namibia.

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35

Abubakari, Mohammed, Paul Kitson Baffour Asamoah, and Festus Okoh Agyemang. "Ghana and Sustainable Development: The 40-Year National Development Plan in Retrospective." Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies 06, no. 01 (2018): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2018.61024.

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36

Knowles, James A. "National solid waste management plan for Iraq." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 27, no. 4 (May 26, 2009): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x09104129.

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After decades of turmoil and international sanctions much of the key civil infrastructure within Iraq has fallen into disrepair, leading to a considerable decline in the provision of basic and essential municipal services. This is particularly true of waste and resource management services that have seen years of underdevelopment and deterioration. This has resulted in a lack of provision of basic public services in the waste sector which have been replaced by a burgeoning unregulated informal market in waste collection, disposal and recycling. In response, a National Solid Waste Management Plan (NSWMP) for Iraq was developed in 2007, to plan for the strategic development of all aspects of waste management in the country over the coming 20 years. In particular, the NSWMP focuses on policy development and integrated planning regarding regulatory framework, economic aspects, institutional capacity, citizen and technical education, and technical and operational development. This paper summarizes the key objectives, challenges and subsequent recommendations contained in the NSWMP for Iraq.

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Mariathasan, Vincent, Enrico Bezuidenhoudt, and K. Raymond Olympio. "Evaluation of Earth Observation Solutions for Namibia’s SDG Monitoring System." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13 (July 7, 2019): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131612.

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In recent years, with more open data platforms and tools available to store and process satellite imagery, Earth Observation data have become widely accessible and usable especially for countries previously not in the possession of tasking rights to satellites and the needed processing capacity. Due to its ideal scanning and acquisition conditions for low cloud coverage imagery, Namibia aims to make use of this new development and integrate Earth Observation data into its national monitoring system of sustainable development goals (SDG). The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of open source tools and global datasets to estimate the national SDG indicators on Change of water-related ecosystems (6.6.1), Rural population with access to roads (9.1.1), Forest coverage (15.1.1) and Land degradation (15.3.1). The results are set into perspective of existing information in each particular sector. The study shows that, in the absence of in-situ measurements or data collected through surveys, the Earth Observation-based results represent a high potential to supplement the national statistics for Namibia or to serve as primary data sources once validated through ground-truthing. Furthermore, examples are given for the limitations of the assessed Earth Observation solutions in the context of Namibia. Hence, the study also serves as valuable input for discussions on a consensus on national definitions and standards by all stakeholders responsible for releasing official statistics.

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Franco-Sepúlveda, Giovanni, Luz Viviana Villa-Posada, and Cristian Camilo Henao-Gómez. "Projections in the national mining development plan (NMDP) using @risk." DYNA 81, no. 187 (October 24, 2014): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v81n187.41055.

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39

FUKUMOTO, Jun-ya. "A Note on the Mechanism Design of National Development Plan." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 22 (2005): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.22.247.

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40

Hoge, Michael A., John A. Morris, Gail W. Stuart, Leighton Y. Huey, Sue Bergeson, Michael T. Flaherty, Oscar Morgan, et al. "A National Action Plan for Workforce Development in Behavioral Health." Psychiatric Services 60, no. 7 (July 2009): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.2009.60.7.883.

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41

Brayne, Carol. "Towards the development of Vietnam’s national dementia plan—A commentary." Australasian Journal on Ageing 39, no. 2 (June 2020): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12781.

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Leite Júnior, Emanuel Ferreira, and Carlos Rodrigues. "THE CHINESE FOOTBALL DEVELOPMENT PLAN: SOFT POWER AND NATIONAL IDENTITY." HOLOS 5 (November 14, 2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.15628/holos.2017.5750.

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43

Razzaghi, Alireza, Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani, MohammadHossein Somi, ShahriarBehzad Basirat, RezaDeljavan Anvari, Leila Doshmangir, Alireza Esmaeili, et al. "Development of the Iranian National road safety plan: Study protocol." Archives of Trauma Research 9, no. 4 (2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/atr.atr_84_20.

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44

SAKATA, Toichi. "National Long-term Research and Development Plan for Aeronautical Technology." Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 43, no. 497 (1995): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.43.329.

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45

Gates, D. A., D. Mueller, C. Neumeyer, and J. R. Ferron. "Control system development plan for the National Spherical Torus Experiment." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 47, no. 2 (April 2000): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.846151.

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Jacobs, Gerard A. "The development of a national plan for disaster mental health." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 26, no. 6 (1995): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.26.6.543.

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Choi, Jeong-Yeol. "Core Technologies of Space Systems for National Space Development Plan." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 44, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2016.44.8.666.

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Ademosun, A. "The Livestock Sub-Sector in the Third National Development Plan." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 3, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v3i1.2487.

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Galliot, Michel. "Le plan national d’adaptation au changement climatique." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 90, no. 1 (April 15, 2013): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/bagf.1366.

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Tewdwr-Jones, M. "The Development Plan in Policy Implementation." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, no. 2 (June 1994): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120145.

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Abstract:

The ‘new’ planning system introduced in England and Wales by the Planning and Compensation Act 1991 has focused attention on the role of the development plan as a ‘material consideration’. Debate currently under way by planning lawyers and policymakers is concentrated on whether the plan is an effective implementation tool. This paper, through a case-study, provides a consideration of the problems the ‘new’ planning system has sought to tackle and is one of the first pieces of research since the introduction of the 1991 Act to include an assessment of the effectiveness of the British planning policy framework. It has been found that the use in the planning appeals system of what are termed ‘material considerations’ provides a clear indication of the effectiveness of local planning policies and, simultaneously, allows for assessments to be made of both the development control and the forward planning functions of local planning authorities (LPAs). An analysis of planning inspectors' decision letters has been used in this paper to identify the principal considerations in appeal determinations, indicating for the LPA how its development plan policies are operating in practice. The analysis shows the degree to which local policies are ‘standing up’ at appeal against other material considerations, especially national policy guidance from the Secretary of State. It can be seen that the scope of the term ‘material considerations’ is problematic for LPAs, and the relationship between local policies and national advice as principal considerations in appeal cases has caused a great deal of uncertainty and ambiguity. Finally, suggestions are given as to how local planning procedures can be improved in development control decisionmaking in the future under the provisions of section 54A of the 1990 Town and Country Planning Act.

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