To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit.
Journal articles on the topic 'Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Namibian Economic Policy Research Unit.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jellenz, Moritz, Vito Bobek, and Tatjana Horvat. "Impact of Education on Sustainable Economic Development in Emerging Markets—The Case of Namibia’s Tertiary Education System and its Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 8814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218814.
Full textAbstract:
The research’s fundamental investigation elaborates on interactions between tertiary educational factors and Namibia’s sustainable economic development. Sequential mixed-research-method guides the investigation towards its results: A quantitative statistical data analysis enables the selection of interrelated educational and economic factors and monitors its development within Namibia’s last three decades. Subsequent qualitative interviews accumulate respondents’ subjective assessments that enable answering the fundamental interaction. Globally evident connections between a nation’s tertiary education system and its economic development are partially confirmed within Namibia. The domestic government recognizes the importance of education that represents a driving force for its sustainable economic development. Along with governmental NDP’s (National Development Program) and its long-term Vision 2030, Namibia is on the right track in transforming itself into a Knowledge-Based and Sustainable Economy. This transformation process increases human capital, growing GDP, and enhances domestic’s living standards. Namibia’s multiculturalism and its unequal resource distribution provoke difficulties for certain ethnicities accessing educational institutions. Namibia’s tertiary education system’s other challenges are missing infrastructures, lacking curricula’ quality, and absent international expertise. The authors’ findings suggest that, due to Namibia’s late independence, there is a substantial need to catch up in creating a Namibian identity. Socioeconomic actions would enhance domestic’s self-esteem and would enable the development of sustainable economic sectors. Raising the Namibian tertiary education system’s educational quality and enhancing its access could lead to diversification of economic sectors, accelerating its internationalization process. Besides that, Namibia has to face numerous challenges, including corruption, unemployment, and multidimensional poverty, that interact with its tertiary education system.
2
Semenets, А., D. Tiurina, Yе Kuzkin, and O. Yarmak. "STATISTICAL RESEARCH ON LOCAL BUDGET’S REVENUE FORMATION AMIDST DECENTRALIZATION." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, no. 36 (February 17, 2021): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.227916.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with economic and statistical research on the latest trends in local budget’s revenues caused by the decentralization reform, as well as the identification of its key problems, such as: significant differentiation in the regions’ fiscal capacity, arising due to a number of factors (social, geographical, resource, legislative ones); the regions’ dependence on central authorities due to the lack of effective mechanisms for devolution, hampering the efficiency and reducing the expediency of delegating certain functions; the insufficient level of the regions’ fiscal capacity; and finally, finding the ways of solving the abovementioned problems. These problems can be solved by creating conditions for increasing the local budgets’ own revenues in the face of limited budget funds. The state regional policy, having been carried out for decades, has created the regions’ deep dependence on the center and their lack of incentives to develop on their own by designing mechanisms to use the potential of Ukraine’s regions effectively. The recent decentralization policy is aimed at eliminating these negative trends. The success of this policy can only be ensured by improving and reforming the local government financing system. Local budgets are the main tool by which local authorities implement the program of social and economic development of a region. But at present, the mechanism of local budget formation is inefficient. This statement can be confirmed by the fact that the amount of financial assets in the local budget is insufficient to conduct an independent program of social and economic development. The structure and composition of local budget revenues have been studied on the basis of statistical information, their impact on the social and economic development of Ukraine’s regions has been determined. The research allows to conclude that successful implementation of the decentralization policy requires an individual approach to the formation of each administrative and territorial unit, a thorough study of economic sufficiency and independence of this unit, as well as research on social and economic development of this unit, as a whole.
3
Filipenko, Anton, Olena Bazhenova, and Roman Stakanov. "ECONOMIC SANCTIONS: THEORY, POLICY, MECHANISMS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-2-69-80.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to analyze the theory and practice of international economic sanctions. The application of international economic sanctions and debate about their effectiveness and scale of losses are now at the centre of international politics. Analysis of key factors, mechanisms and socio-economic consequences of economic sanctions in the world economy need a conceptual understanding. The subject of the research is international economic sanctions. According to known practice, economic sanctions policy is based largely on the discretionary approach of using, as required, a policy of rigid rules, which is clearly reflected in the mechanisms, means and instruments of its practical implementation. Economic sanctions are the integral part of international economic policy, implemented through the theory of public (rational) choice, structural theory (cost-issue model), decision-making theory, the theory of coordination and cooperative games, etc. The hierarchical nature of the mechanism for the application of sanctions is available in three main levels: global, regional and national. There are three types of economic sanctions: trade, investment or financial ones, and so-called targeted sanctions or “smart” sanctions (transportation and communications restrictions). The case of introduction of economic sanctions, especially by supranational bodies of international integration organisations, namely the EU, is of particular importance for economic policy coordination. The specific consequences of imposing economic sanctions take on various socio-economic dimensions, the main ones of them indeed being the economic growth rates. The economic sanctions demonstrate how the individual countries, regional and international organizations react on huge violations of human rights, sovereignty of countries, international law in general. Methodological basis of the research comprise the list of theoretical and empirical methods of research; in article, the analysis of recent research publications subject under the discussion has been provided, the results obtaining with statistical data have been compared, the practical recommendations, received on the base of survey results have been suggested. To examine how the Iranian economy responds to sanctions imposed by the US and other countries we have constructed vector autoregression model. To test the variables of the model for unit root we have used augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron and Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin criteria, which have shown that almost half of the indicators are first-order integrated, with the rate of inflation and investment, in relation to GDP, GDP growth rate, imports of goods and services and oil rent are stationary, that is zero-order integrated. The US sanctions have increased oil price fluctuations in the Middle East region. The results of the study have shown that economic sanctions nowadays are a comprehensive tool in global economic wars, which effectiveness largely depends on the ratio of the economic power of the sanction imposing country to the sanctioned one.
4
OUYANG, B. C., and H. RAU. "AN ECONOMIC PRODUCTION LOT SIZE FOR CONTINUOUS DECREASE IN UNIT PRODUCTION COST." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 25, no. 05 (October 2008): 673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595908001948.
Full textAbstract:
It is common that prices of raw materials, parts or products decrease significantly after they come onto the market. High technology products are good examples, such as PCs, CPUs, DRAM, and mobile phones. Consequently, the traditional economic production quantity (EPQ) model assuming a constant unit production cost is no longer suitable for today's time-based competition. This study incorporates linearly and exponentially decreasing unit production costs during the mature stage of a product life cycle and presents a mathematical inventory model for production policy. A recursive algorithm is developed to obtain the optimal production schedule and a one-dimension search method is applied to find the optimal number of production cycles. In addition, numerical examples to illustrate the proposed model and its significance with or without considering a continuous reduction in unit production costs for the production policy are discussed as well.
5
Ali, Hina, Malka Liaquat, Noreen Safdar, and Saeed ur Rahman. "Economic Growth, Inflation and Monetary Policy in Pakistan: Preliminary Empirical Estimates." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i2.132.
Full textAbstract:
In economic policy, construction Inflation is a core variable to be considered that determines the economic activity. To make a suitable monetary policy, it is very essential to check the price level and later on, many other variables are considered to achieve the goal. This study aims to reveal the affiliation of inflation on the growth of economic activities in Pakistan. Time series data set for the period 1989-2020 was used to have the empirical estimates. Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root Test is employed to check the unit root of the time series and Auto Regressive Distributive Lag techniques are used for empirical estimates. The present research uses Inflation as a dependent variable and Gross Domestic Product, Interest Rate, Money Supply, and Exchange Rate as the explanatory variables of the study. The findings of this analysis reveal that there's an antagonistic relation between Inflation and GDP.
6
LEE, SHINE-DER, SHU-CHUAN LAN, and CHIN-MING YANG. "ECONOMIC PRODUCTION LOT SIZING MODEL WITH STOCHASTIC DEMAND." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 31, no. 03 (June 2014): 1450015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595914500158.
Full textAbstract:
We consider the extended economic production quantity (EPQ) problem when demand follows a Poisson process in a production system. A fixed lot sizing policy is implemented to minimize fluctuation of workload, and to smooth production planning and inventory control. The considered costs include setup cost, inventory carrying cost, and shortage cost when demand cannot be satisfied from stock. The main contributions of this paper are two folds. We develop and analyze the extended EPQ model. Under some mild conditions, the expected cost per unit time can be shown to be convex. Via computational experiments, we demonstrate that, in comparison with classical EPQ model, the average reduction of expected cost is significant when demand is random and the proposed model is used to determine lot sizing policy. Our computational tests have also illustrated the impact of various parameters on the expected cost model and the lot sizing policy.
7
Carrera Portugal, Alberto. "The role of city rankings in local public policy design: Urban competitiveness and economic press." Global Media and China 4, no. 2 (June 2019): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059436419853892.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research is to identify the factors that determine the capacity of city rankings published in the economic press—particularly The Economist Intelligence Unit and AméricaEconomía—to not only trigger social dialogue about the ratings different territories attain but also to enrich the public debate on the “competitive city model” and influence the design and implementation of local public policies on the matter. The research method involved interviews with public officials responsible for the design and implementation of urban competitiveness policies in the following Mexican cities: Mexico City, Monterrey, Puebla, and Queretaro, all of which are listed in the rankings of the journals The Economist Intelligence Unit and AméricaEconomía. The field research included an interview with the editor responsible for conceptualizing, preparing, and publishing the first version of “The Best Cities to Do Business in Latin America” ranking of the journal AméricaEconomía. It also included a comparative analysis of city indexes from the theoretic and conceptual perspective of space of flows. The investigation was conducted between March and August 2017.
8
Schuller, Tom. "Constructing International Policy Research: The Role of CERI/OECD." European Educational Research Journal 4, no. 3 (September 2005): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2005.4.3.2.
Full textAbstract:
This article discusses how the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI) addresses the task of conducting international policy research. The article begins with a descriptive account of CERI's work, including the way member countries shape the research agenda. Several issues which relate to how research evidence is compiled within an international context are addressed. First, why the supposed priority area of lifelong learning is only weakly supported by systematic research is considered. The author raises the question of how we are to judge the quality and impact of international research work, especially where it is policy-related. He suggests that an increasing focus on the outcomes of education raises questions about causality in a policy research context. This leads to some brief consideration of evaluation of research, and of the country as a unit of methodological analysis. Finally, he asks what might be meant by learning from international experience.
9
Tsai, Deng-Maw, and Ji-Cheng Wu. "Economic production quantity concerning learning and the reworking of imperfect items." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 22, no. 2 (2012): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor091109012t.
Full textAbstract:
The classical economic production quantity (EPQ) model assumes that items produced are of perfect quality and the production rate is constant. However, production quality depends on the condition of the process. Due to process deterioration or other factors, the production process may shift and produce imperfect quality items. These imperfect quality items sometimes can be reworked and repaired; hence, overall production-inventory costs can be reduced significantly. In addition, it can be found in practice that the time or cost required to repetitively produce a unit of a product decreases when the number of units produced by a worker or a group of workers increases. Under this circumstance, the unit production cost cannot be regarded as constant and, therefore, cannot be ignored when taking account of the total cost. This paper incorporates the effects of learning and the reworking of defective items on the EPQ model since they were not considered in existing models. An optimal operation policy that minimizes the expected total cost per unit time is derived. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the proposed model. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed and discussed.
10
GUO, Qiannan. "Research on IFLP optimization model for carbon emission reduction." MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927701009.
Full textAbstract:
This study proposed an optimization model combined with Binding Interval Linear Programming (ILP) and Fuzzy linear programming (FLP) Methods and further analyzed from the views of economic output, energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission and emission cost. The optimization model results demonstrated that the heavy energy consumption industries will significantly reduce, and the target of the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP reduction decrease by 40%-45% from 2005 to 2020. In addition, the economic development model will trend to optimize the allocation of resources and green economy. However, a single low-carbon economic policy will always have shortcomings and low efficiency in emission reduction. Hence, the government should combine all emission reduction policies together and establish a lowcarbon economy system that practice production activities need.
11
Hayat, Mubashir, Bashir Salah, Misbah Ullah, Iftikhar Hussain, and Razaullah Khan. "Shipment Policy for an Economic Production Quantity Model Considering Imperfection and Transportation Cost." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 8964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218964.
Full textAbstract:
Determining replenishment lot size and number of shipments in a traditional production setup has been of great interest among researchers during the last decades. In order to survive modern competition, the manufacturer has to make good decisions about the lot size that is to be shipped to the retailer. Recently, several researchers have developed mathematical models for modelling different real-world situations; however, these models are lacking due to a combination of imperfection in process and shipment lot sizing. Therefore, in the proposed research, shipment policy for an imperfect production setup has been developed with transportation costs taken into consideration. The model analyzed lot sizing for manufacturers and retailers with imperfections in terms of equally sized shipments. Furthermore, an all-unit-discount policy for shipment is considered in the proposed research, and at the end, numerical computation and sensitivity analyses are carried out to gain more insight into the specifications of the model.
12
Widiarsih, Dwi, Ranti Darwin, and Khairi Murdy. "Efektivitas Fiskal - Moneter: Strategi Pemulihan Ekonomi Provinsi Riau Dalam Menghadapi Era New Normal." Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Ekonomi (JIPE) 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/011122490.
Full textAbstract:
This research use an empirical test of long-term balance and co-integration between macroeconomic variables, fiscal policy and monetary policy. Fiscal policy is represented by government spending variables, while monetary policy is represented by the money supply. This study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The research variables are economic growth, government spending and the money supply. The research period uses the period 2010-2019. The data quality test used the unit root test with the Augmented Dickey Fuller test (ADF) method, to see the empirical data stationarity and the cointegration value of the variables. The research shows that the data is stationary in first difference. Based on the results of the VECM test, it can be concluded that there is a stable long-term relationship between variables and the research model. The results of data processing showed that the most effective policy for changing economic growth in Riau Province was fiscal policy, namely government spending. This can be seen from the contribution of fiscal policy to the variability of economic growth which is the largest compared to the contribution of monetary policy
13
Et al., Samoon Safiullah. "An Empirical Study on Monetary Policy and Economic Growth: The case of Indonesia using an ARDL – ECM Approach." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 5908–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.2004.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the role of monetary policy instruments, particularly through the board money supply and inflation, in support of economic growth in Indonesia. The research base on the long-run co-integration approach using the data from 1970 to 2019. The goal of this study complies with applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and Error Correction Model (ECM), for finding out the long-run co-integration approach among dependents and independent variables. The research includes the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test for stationary analysis. The ECM results show that inflation plays a significant but negative role in economic growth in Indonesia. On the other hand, the money supply has also inversely related to the country's economic growth but not significant
14
Amirudin, Amirudin, and Agus Subiyanto. "Covid Economic Policy and Media Response: an Analysis of Culture and Media Content." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207004.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the media's response to Indonesia's economic strategy in overcoming the impact of Covid-19 based on the assumption with the worst scenario, Indonesia will deal with an economic slowdown of minus 0.4%. Most research shows the public response to the implementation of economic strategies gives a positive perception, but not necessarily with the media response. This research was conducted from 1 April to 30 April 2020, designed using content and culture analysis methods to reveal how the media responds to national economic policies with data sources from the news media. The unit of analysis in this research is news and opinions from media people (newspeople). Analysis was carried out with a taxonomic model to the national media Kompas, Detik, and Tempo to find patterns of media response. The study found that media response patterns manifested in 3 patterns: (a) supportive, (b) neutral, and (c) resistant. In general, the supporting pattern is the most prominent in the three media. This pattern is dominant because the media considers the best attitude in a crisis situation is the concern of the state. The media sees this form of concern as reflected in the economic strategy adopted to deal with the impact of Covid-19. To maintain positive media perceptions, researchers recommend that the government needs to continue to protect and mitigate vulnerable groups that are experiencing economic damage by implementing two strategies: (a) basic needs access or meeting basic needs, and (b) sustainability livelihood access or providing opportunities for vulnerable groups to have sustainable livelihoods.
15
Soror, Manal, and Noor Hazem. "The role of quality cost measurement in improving product quality." Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences 11, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/6/2021-11/248-265.
Full textAbstract:
The research aims to demonstrate the knowledge pillars of quality costs and the role of measuring the elements of quality costs. This is excluding the elements of failure costs and identifying and improving the level of product quality. Any economic unit seeking to compete in the local and global markets must achieve better product specifications, i.e. higher quality. This cannot be done, but through the use of many techniques, methods and special skills. Quality costs act as a measure or indicator of the performance of the economic unit and the extent of improvement in it. This also contributes to the process of evaluating its strategic performance, for example, to what extent does the increase in spending on research and development costs contribute to reducing other costs? Thus, the economic unit should direct its attention towards the costs of preventing the activities that host value in a way that helps reduce the costs of evaluation and failure of both types (non-value-adding activities). Therefore, if the economic unit is able to produce high-quality products, this enables it to adopt a price policy in the markets and to enable it to achieve a competitive advantage , The most prominent results of the research are that the classification of quality costs is one of the main tasks for determining, calculating and analyzing quality costs. The economic unit that has decided to manage quality costs should select the appropriate quality cost model that includes the categories and elements of quality costs. The most important recommendations are to increase spending on activities, prevention (value-adding activities) in order to reduce evaluation costs and failure in quality and focus on the reduction in evaluation costs and failure of both types should be greater than the increase in the costs of the assessment.
16
Kiertiburanakul, S., W. Phongsamart, T. Tantawichien, W. Manosuthi, and P. Kulchaitanaroaj. "Economic Burden of Influenza in Thailand: A Systematic Review." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 57 (January 2020): 004695802098292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958020982925.
Full textAbstract:
Thailand has a high incidence and high mortality rates of influenza. This study summarizes the evidence on economic burden or costs of influenza subsequent to the occurrence of influenza illness in the Thai population by specific characteristics such as population demographics, health conditions, healthcare facilities, and/or cost types from published literature. A systematic search was conducted in six electronic databases. All costs were extracted and adjusted to 2018 US dollar value. Out of 581 records, 11 articles (1 with macroeconomic analysis and 10 with microeconomic analyses) were included. Direct medical costs per episode for outpatients and inpatients ranged from US$4.21 to US$212.17 and from US$163.62 to US$4577.83, respectively, across distinct influenza illnesses. The overall burden of influenza was between US$31.1 and US$83.6 million per year and 50-53% of these estimates referred to lost productivity. Costs of screening for an outbreak of influenza at an 8-bed-intensive-care-unit hospital was US$38242.75 per year. Labor-sensitive sectors such as services were the most affected part of the Thai economy. High economic burden tended to occur among children and older adults with co-morbidities and to be related to complications, non-vaccinated status, and severe influenza illness. Strategies involving prevention, limit of transmission, and treatment focusing on aforementioned patients’ factors, containment of hospitalization expenses and quarantine process, and assistance on labor-sensitive economy sectors are likely to reduce the economic burden of influenza. However, a research gap exists regarding knowledge about the economic burden of influenza in Thailand.
17
Simser, Jeffrey R. "Canada’s financial intelligence unit: FINTRAC." Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, no. 2 (May 6, 2020): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-10-2019-0079.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose International bodies, such as the Financial Action Task Force , have mandated the use of financial intelligence units (FIU) to address organized crime and money laundering. The purpose of this paper is to examine Canada’s FIU, the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC), and explore its current effectiveness and future challenges. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines FIUs in general and then looks more specifically at Canada’s FIU, its policy and legislative basis as well as future challenges for the FIU. Findings The challenge money laundering poses to society is a mirror of the challenge that organized crime poses: a test of the values and the importance of rule of law. The FIU is an important mechanism to address this challenge generally, and there are important changes in the environment that must be addressed if the future policy objectives of the FIU are to be met. Research limitations/implications Some of the policy nostrums that are baked into the anti-money laundering system, such as placement, layering and integration, need to be revisited and researched to incorporate changes in the licit and illicit marketplaces. Practical implications Financial institutions and other intermediaries must comply with domestic anti-money laundering laws. Compliance is always contextual, and this paper will outline the role of the regulator and the environmental challenges that need to be met. Social implications Effectively addressing money laundering and organized crime is critical to the maintenance of rule of law and the protection of the financial system. Originality/value This is a brief but very fulsome review of Canada’s FIU, FINTRAC, which captures broader challenges in addressing money laundering, economic crime and regulatory systems designed to protect rule of law and the integrity of the financial system. The paper not only examines the current state of the FIU but also explores challenges on the horizon.
18
Jachowicz, Agnieszka. "Fiscal Policy in European Union Countries in Time of the Economic Crisis – Attempt to Estimation." Przedsiebiorczosc i Zarzadzanie 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eam-2015-0003.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn this article, stability of fiscal policy and its impact on fiscal market have been analyzed. The issue appears especially important in times of the financial crisis which has affected all the European Union countries, although to a different extent. To achieve this, the author presented the aims, the tools and the aspects of financial stability to confront them with the situation that has occurred in the EU countries. To present the issue profoundly, the scientific research related to fiscal policy and its impact on financial markets were used in two opening units. In the third unit, the statistic data was cited to show the condition of the EU countries, the changes to it and the attempts aimed at improving the state of the public finance and therefore stabilizing financial markets.
19
Maestre-Matos, Marcela, Jahir Lombana-Coy, Francisco J. Mesías, and Ahmed Elghannam. "Institutional Factors That Affect Inclusive Businesses: The Case of Banana Cooperatives in the Magdalena Region (Colombia)." International Journal of Rural Management 17, no. 1_suppl (March 20, 2021): 69S—96S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973005221991603.
Full textAbstract:
Inclusive business as a model at the base of the pyramid is a relatively recent unit of study in academic literature. From the institutional perspective, businesses are affected by norms, processes, rules of moral and ethical behaviour, which have not been studied for the base of the pyramid in inclusive businesses, much less in agricultural cooperatives. The objective of this research is to identify institutional factors that can affect agribusiness inclusive models. In this research, agricultural cooperatives of banana production in the province of Magdalena, Colombia, are the unit of analysis to identify institutional factors. The method of review of institutional factors is the multiple cases (six banana cooperatives) with a simple unit using inductive analysis. The results show that institutional factors—both formal (certifications, quality standards, social responsibility policies and economic incentives) and informal (cooperation, improvement of quality of life, generation of social capital)—promote the development of inclusive businesses in cooperatives of the base of the pyramid. The research is a first step to show its potential replication in other agricultural industries and even in other economic sectors.
20
Duan, Ye, Zenglin Han, and Hailin Mu. "Research on the influence of product differentiation and emission reduction policy on CO2 emissions of China’s iron and steel industry." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 717–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-06-2020-0068.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose There are certain differences in the production products of enterprises. What are the impacts of product differentiation on the iron and steel industry? Based on the macro background of CO2 emission reduction, this paper aims to analyze the economic benefits and environmental changes of the iron and steel industry under the dual influence of CO2 emission reduction policy and product differentiation policy. Design/methodology/approach Taking the basic data of iron and steel industry in six regions of China as an example, this paper constructed an extended two-stage dynamic game model to analyze the impact of product differentiation and carbon tax policy on the production, economic indicators and CO2 emission levels for the overall industry and regional enterprises. Findings As the CO2 emission reduction target increased, the unit carbon tax and total tax increased, whereas the macro-environmental losses, social welfare, consumer surplus and outputs decrease. Emission reduction pressures and other economic indicators showed obvious regional differences. Differentiated products promoted various indicators of enterprises and industries; higher degrees of product differentiation resulted in greater promoting effects on economic indicators. Originality/value This paper constructed multiple emission reduction and production backgrounds, and discusses the impact of the comprehensive implementation of these policies, which has been practically absent in previous studies. The results of this study are consistent with the current industrial policy for stable production and environmental protection, and also provides a reference for the formulation of detailed policies in the future.
21
Mandagi, Octavianus D. S., Wilson Bogar, and Itje Pangkey. "Implementation of Orderly Policy for Public Facilities in Tomohon City." Technium Social Sciences Journal 21 (July 9, 2021): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v21i1.3837.
Full textAbstract:
The development of Tomohon City will be able to take place sustainably and increase if it is supported by the existence of conducive public order and community peace. For this reason, the Tomohon City government establishes an orderly policy for public facilities in the form of regional regulations to regulate them. This study aims to describe, analyze and explain policy implementation orderly public facilities in accordance Regulation of Regional No. 7 of 2017 on article 3 in Tomohon. The research method uses a qualitative approach, and informants as data sources are determined by purposive (purposive sampling) and snowball sampling—data collection techniques with interviews, observations, and documents. Data analysis is an interactive qualitative analysis with data analysis activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and concluding/verification. The results showed that (1) the size and purpose of the orderly policy of public facilities had been known and understood by members of the civil service police unit (implementor) and the community (users), (2) Resources, both human resources (police unit members/ civil service), sources of funds and equipment/equipment needed by the civil service police unit are still inadequate, (3) the characteristics of the implementing agent, in this case, the civil service police unit institution are still receiving a preliminary assessment from the public, (4) the tendency (Disposition) the implementers, in this case, members of the civil service police unit, are still not firm and consistent in controlling violations of the order of public facilities, (5) communication between related organizations, such as the police, sub-district government and social organizations in the village well-established, (6) Economic, Social and Political Environment is a crucial factor his contribution to the community violates the order of public facilities.
22
Bagadeem, Salim A., and Moid U. Ahmad. "Healthcare Expenditure and Economic Growth: How Important Is the Partnership?" Research in World Economy 11, no. 5 (September 5, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n5p297.
Full textAbstract:
An understanding of the relationship between economic variables and healthcare variables will enable a better policy framework for a country. This study focuses on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), healthcare expenditures (HCE) and Out of Pocket expenses (OOP) using an annual data (2000-2015) from Saudi Arabian economy. The study uses statistical techniques such as unit root test, co-integration, linear regressions, Vector Auto Regressions and mediation technique for analysis.The research found that healthcare expenditure and GDP are correlated and co-integrated in long term (3-7 years) and that the GDP can be best explained at a lag of 3 years by healthcare expenditure. Mediation analysis revealed that private health expenses mediate the relationship between government health expenditure and national income.
23
Megawati, Suci, Muhammad Farid Ma’ruf, Eva Hany Fanida, Fitrotun Niswah, and Trenda Aktiva Oktariyanda. "Strengthening Family Resilience through Financial Management Education in Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic." Journal La Bisecoman 1, no. 5 (December 29, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v1i5.246.
Full textAbstract:
The spread of Covid-19 in a short time paralyzed the order of life as well as had a real impact on social and economic aspects. Mitigation and preparation for household economic recovery are the contributions of social science that are used as the basis for policy change for the Indonesian nation. Households are at the core of the nation's economic resilience. The household is a unit of analysis that cannot be ignored considering that this country cannot have high resilience when the household cannot survive properly. This research is aimed at examining how the economic impact of households in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic and how the solution focuses on the accuracy of household financial management.
24
Björholt, Ingela, Martin Janson, Bengt Jönsson, and Eva Haglind. "Principles for the design of the economic evaluation of COLOR II: An international clinical trial in surgery comparing laparoscopic and open surgery in rectal cancer." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 22, no. 1 (January 2006): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462306050926.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives:The objective is to describe the principles for the design of the economic evaluation of COLOR II, a randomized, multi-country study comparing laparoscopic and open surgery for rectal cancer.Methods:By using the experiences gained in a recent economic evaluation in colon cancer, where the same surgical techniques were compared, we could improve the method for identifying and measuring resource use items and also accommodate the use of data from the global study population.Results:In the design of the study, the uncertainty in the resource-use variables was reduced by considering (i) what aspects drive each variable, (ii) what resource use is related to the intervention, (iii) how data from different countries affects the variable.Conclusions:The aim was to refine the data collection so that the economic research question could be answered in the best possible way, given the circumstances in the clinical study. Thus, (i) some variables were treated as stochastic variables and others as deterministic variables, (ii) aggregate key cost-driving resource items were developed that corresponded to clinical events, and (iii) a surrogate variable was selected, instead of the “obvious variable”, to reduce the impact of confounding factors for one particular resource unit.
25
Van Dinh, Doan. "Comparison of the impact of lending and inflation rates on economic growth in Vietnam and China." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(4).2020.16.
Full textAbstract:
Inflation and lending rates are two important macroeconomic indicators as they affect economic growth. The correlation between the inflation rate and the lending rate in Vietnam and China is analyzed to determine whether the lending rate causes inflation or not. An ordinary least square model (OLS) and a unit root test are applied to check the correlation and cointegration related to the inflation and lending rates to avoid spurious regression. The research time series data were collected from 1996 to 2017. The correlation of Vietnam’s variables is 56%, the correlation of China’s variables is 55%, which is a close correlation. The empirical cointegration test results for Vietnam and China are suitable for two research models. The relationship between these two indicators influences each other. In the short term, inflation stimulates economic growth through loose monetary policy through the lending rate. However, in the long term, if the money supply increases continuously, inflation will slow economic growth and increase bad debt. The empirical results are to make accurate forecasts and determine monetary policy for micro-managers who set the goal of sustainable economic growth and have a strategy for economic development in the short and long term.
26
Kersan-Skabic, Ines. "Is internal devaluation policy in the EU effective?" Ekonomski anali 61, no. 211 (2016): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1611029k.
Full textAbstract:
This research provides indepth analysis of the causes and outcomes of internal devaluation policy in EU. It is conducted using statistical and econometric tools on a sample of three groups of EU member states: EU new member states, PIIGS, and the rest of the EU (EU-core). The analysis points to the key drivers of economic growth in the whole of the EU as being productivity and investment (and consumption in EU new member states and EU core members). Unit labour costs are relevant for GDP growth in PIIGS but with a positive sign, while for the rest of the EU it is not a significant variable. The policy of internal devaluation is unsuitable for application in any EU member states, due to individual specificities. The solution is stronger EU governance that takes the heterogeneity of EU member states into consideration in the process of creating policies and finding solutions.
27
Mcgrath, John, John Mcgrath, Bryan Mowry, and Harvey Whiteford. "Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research: The First 17 Years." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 7 (July 2005): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01624.x.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To reflect on the establishment and evolution of the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research. Method: Narrative historical review. Results: First established as an inpatient research unit in December 1987, the focus of the Centre evolved in concert with the skills of the staff. After the structure was revised in 1996 and 1999, the Centre has evolved into a group with four main research streams – epidemiology, developmental neurobiology, genetics and policy and economics. Although the group maintains a strong focus on serious mental disorders such as schizophrenia, our policy and economic work has a wider perspective. The Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research is based in an historic mental health service, with laboratories in collaborating universities and institutes. Key lessons learnt by the group along the way relate to the importance of focusing on a restricted range of research topics in order to build a critical mass. Conclusions: Given a facilitating environment, hospital-based research groups can prosper. Over the last 17 years, a cost-efficient, focused and productive research group has evolved that has made contributions to international research.
28
Curran, James, and John Stanworth. "Education and Training for Enterprise: Problems of Classification, Evaluation, Policy and Research." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 7, no. 2 (January 1989): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026624268900700201.
Full textAbstract:
JAMES CURRAN is Midland Bank Professor of Small Business Studies and head of the Small Business Research Unit at Kingston Polytechnic, England, and John Stanworth is Professor and director of the Future of Work Research Group at the London Management Centre, Polytechnic of Central London, England. Small business education and training has grown rapidly in importance as 'enterprise' has assumed a key role in the main political initiatives towards economic restructuring in Britain and elsewhere. This development has, however, been essentially ad hoc and there is now a need to identify more clearly the major forms of enterprise and training education, their target populations and their resource effectiveness. 'Entrepreneurial education' or 'training for entrepreneurship' are widely used phrases, often intended to take on a generic meaning. However, most small business educational activities have little to do with promoting 'entrepreneurship' in any strict sense. To clarify the analysis and disaggregate the main forms of education and training activities linked to the small business, the authors have distinguished four distinct types-entrepreneurial education for small business and self-employment, continuing small business education, and small business awareness education. They conclude that in research terms there is a considerable need for a great deal of further study in all four dimensions for each of the forms of education. In policy terms the most resource effective form currently is probably education for small business ownership but they say that the greatest need is probably for more continuing small business education although this may be expensive in resource terms.
29
Sheikh Ali, Ali Yassin, Mohamed Saney Dalmar, and Ali Abdulkadir Ali. "Effects of Foreign Debt and Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Somalia." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n11p95.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to assess the effects of foreign debt and foreign aid on economic growth in Somalia from 1970 to 2014. The ordinary least squares (OLS) method was used and basic model assumption tests were also employed. We used the Augmented Dickey−Fuller (ADF) and Philip-Perron (PP) tests for the unit root and the Johansen cointegration test to determine the long-run relationship between the variables. The results of the study show that, in Somalia, foreign debt has an insignificant effect on economic growth, while the foreign aid has positive significant effect on economic growth. The results also indicate that the cointegration method confirms the incidence of long-run association among the variables. There is little research regarding the exact relationship between increasing foreign debt and foreign aid on economic growth in Somalia. This study is also different from previous studies as we used ADF and PP tests for the unit root and the Johansen cointegration test for the long-run relationship between the variables. Additionally, the study used multivariate techniques. The paper concludes that foreign aid is essential in economic growth and several policy implications are proposed.
30
Avenell, Alison, Clare Robertson, Zoë Skea, Elisabet Jacobsen, Dwayne Boyers, David Cooper, Magaly Aceves-Martins, et al. "Bariatric surgery, lifestyle interventions and orlistat for severe obesity: the REBALANCE mixed-methods systematic review and economic evaluation." Health Technology Assessment 22, no. 68 (November 2018): 1–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta22680.
Full textAbstract:
Background Adults with severe obesity [body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 35 kg/m2] have an increased risk of comorbidities and psychological, social and economic consequences. Objectives Systematically review bariatric surgery, weight-management programmes (WMPs) and orlistat pharmacotherapy for adults with severe obesity, and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of treatment. Data sources Electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database were searched (last searched in May 2017). Review methods Four systematic reviews evaluated clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and qualitative evidence for adults with a BMI of ≥ 35 kg/m2. Data from meta-analyses populated a microsimulation model predicting costs, outcomes and cost-effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and the most effective lifestyle WMPs over a 30-year time horizon from a NHS perspective, compared with current UK population obesity trends. Interventions were cost-effective if the additional cost of achieving a quality-adjusted life-year is < £20,000–30,000. Results A total of 131 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 26 UK studies, 33 qualitative studies and 46 cost-effectiveness studies were included. From RCTs, RYGB produced the greatest long-term weight change [–20.23 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) –23.75 to –16.71 kg, at 60 months]. WMPs with very low-calorie diets (VLCDs) produced the greatest weight loss at 12 months compared with no WMPs. Adding a VLCD to a WMP gave an additional mean weight change of –4.41 kg (95% CI –5.93 to –2.88 kg) at 12 months. The intensive Look AHEAD WMP produced mean long-term weight loss of 6% in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (at a median of 9.6 years). The microsimulation model found that WMPs were generally cost-effective compared with population obesity trends. Long-term WMP weight regain was very uncertain, apart from Look AHEAD. The addition of a VLCD to a WMP was not cost-effective compared with a WMP alone. RYGB was cost-effective compared with no surgery and WMPs, but the model did not replicate long-term cost savings found in previous studies. Qualitative data suggested that participants could be attracted to take part in WMPs through endorsement by their health-care provider or through perceiving innovative activities, with WMPs being delivered to groups. Features improving long-term weight loss included having group support, additional behavioural support, a physical activity programme to attend, a prescribed calorie diet or a calorie deficit. Limitations Reviewed studies often lacked generalisability to UK settings in terms of participants and resources for implementation, and usually lacked long-term follow-up (particularly for complications for surgery), leading to unrealistic weight regain assumptions. The views of potential and actual users of services were rarely reported to contribute to service design. This study may have failed to identify unpublished UK evaluations. Dual, blinded numerical data extraction was not undertaken. Conclusions Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was costly to deliver, but it was the most cost-effective intervention. Adding a VLCD to a WMP was not cost-effective compared with a WMP alone. Most WMPs were cost-effective compared with current population obesity trends. Future work Improved reporting of WMPs is needed to allow replication, translation and further research. Qualitative research is needed with adults who are potential users of, or who fail to engage with or drop out from, WMPs. RCTs and economic evaluations in UK settings (e.g. Tier 3, commercial programmes or primary care) should evaluate VLCDs with long-term follow-up (≥ 5 years). Decision models should incorporate relevant costs, disease states and evidence-based weight regain assumptions. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016040190. Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme. The Health Services Research Unit and Health Economics Research Unit are core funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate.
31
Abdu Nugraha, Irwan. "PROSES FORMULASI KEBIJAKAN PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN: Studi kasus Unit Pelaksana Teknis Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Kabupaten Sragen." Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik 8, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/politika.8.2.2017.19-29.
Full textAbstract:
All this time poverty reduction policy is partial, it’s so hard to combine all of the perception about poverty reduction because of poverty data is unintegrated, usually data in local government and BPS is different and not synchronous, moreover the poverty services partially will extended the bureaucracy. Sragen create a policy that be a solution to handle poverty problem with established an integrated unit that handle the poverty services like free health services for poor people, scholarship for smart poor student, rebuild the house uninhabitable (RTLH), and usually called by Integrated Services Unit Poverty (UPTPK). In this research, investigator interest to make analysis about how UPTPK can form and who is the actor that most contribute then how is the political intrigues that happened so can formed this UPTPK. The thing that more interested is now all of the policies in Sragen always nuances about poverty reduction. And to answer those questions, using research methods with descriptive approach, that is illustrating the formulation process with analyze data from interviews with relevant parties concerned. Based on research can found some facts, there are from the problem formulation, the issues that developed not only about poverty, but also about bureaucracy in the earlier policies are difficult for the poor people, then the issue policies that appear is caused the campaign from Sragen regent, Agus Faturahman that lift theme about poverty reduction. Society admitted, poverty is a problem that should be solved, but the issue can interested the society when regent campaign. Based on the research there are many factors that influence the policies, and most dominant is economic and political factors. Economic factor are about the budget deficit in the earlier regent leadership that impact the minimum budget to do development policies, so the budget are used for poverty reduction policies. From the policies agenda, there are demand from some group for the regent to realized the promises when his campaign that is Mbelo Wong Cilik. So the demand indirectly is focused to the poverty problem. Furthermore, determination the policies agenda not through DPRD because UPTPK there’s no in SOTK Sragen government, so there’s no discussion about UPTPK legality with DPRD. From the policy determining, UPTPK established just by a regent with the legal basis only a regent decree. Because of UPTPK isn’t in the SOTK Sragen government, as a consequence UPTPK yet manage their own budgeting.Keywords:
32
Drummond, Michael, and Douglas Coyle. "The Role of Pilot Studies in the Economic Evaluation of Health Technologies." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 14, no. 3 (1998): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300011399.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAn increasing number of economic evaluations are being conducted alongside clinical trials. While this practice offers the prospect of collecting comprehensive and accurate cost data, it requires considerable time and effort. In the case of clinical data, key analytic decisions such as which data to collect and sample size are often made with reference to smaller (pilot) trials. However, this approach is not normally followed in the case of economic evaluation.This study was based on a recently completed health technology assessment comparing conventional radiotherapy with continuous hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) for patients with head and neck cancer or carcinoma of the bronchus. In the full health technology assessment, cost data were available for 526 head and neck patients (314 CHART and 212 conventional therapy) and 286 bronchus patients (175 CHART and 109 conventional therapy). In order to simulate a pilot study, data were extracted for the patients recruited to both trials in the first 3 months. These were then compared with the full data set in order to assess whether such a pilot study would have given useful guidance on: a) the usefulness of undertaking a full study; b) the sample size required; and c) the important resource items for which comprehensive data collection would be required.Pilot studies can be helpful in determining the likely advantages of undertaking full economic evaluations and in identifying important resource items. Therefore, it is important that clinical researchers and research funding bodies create the necessary time window to enable such studies to take place. However, formal sample size calculations are more difficult to perform on limited data, since they also require knowledge of the unit cost (or prices) to be attached to the resource items and the correlation between costs and clinical effects.
33
Lestaria, Mika, Setia Hadi, and M. Buce Saleh. "ANALAISIS KELEMBAGAAN DAN PERANAN KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN PRODUKSI (KPHP) DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN KERINCI." Jurnal Kawistara 6, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.15482.
Full textAbstract:
Kerinci is one of regency with the large forest, but sub sector of forestry contributes only 0,04% of GDPKerinci Regency. It’s may possibly by the weakness of forest management and policy of Kerinci RegencyGovernment. Forest production management unit (KPHP) Model Kerinci establishment is one of govermentefforts to achieve sustainable forest management. Therefore, we need research with purpose: (1) to analyzethe role of forest production management unit (KPHP) Model Kerinci in the regional development ofKerinci Regency; (2) to analyze the institutional of forest production management unit (KPHP) ModelKerinci; (3) to analyze region’s readiness forest production management unit (KPHP) Model Kerincidevelopment. The study was conducted in Kerinci Regency. Data were analyzed by total economic value(TEV), institutional analysis, and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the totaleconomic value of natural resources of KPHP Model Kerinci is Rp. 337.839.832.400 in a year, it’s meanthat sub sector of forestry potentially to contribute about 8,38% of GDP Kerinci Regency. To realize thetotal economic values of natural resources of KPHP Model Kerinci, it needs strong institutions. KerinciRegency is ready for KPHP Model Kerinci development, because it’s has the support from stakeholders.
34
Nidup, Jigme. "Non-Indian aid and growth nexus in Bhutan." International Journal of Development Issues 14, no. 2 (July 6, 2015): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-09-2014-0069.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Non-Indian foreign aid on economic growth. In addition, this paper also investigates the importance of governance, policy and democratic institution in fostering economic growth. Planned development activities in Bhutan are mostly funded through external assistance, particularly from India. Bhutan also receives assistance from other bilateral and multilateral countries besides India. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts the autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration using time-series data from 1982 to 2012. To ensure stationarity of data, the unit root test is conducted. Necessary diagnostic tests are also performed to confirm that the model does not violate regression assumptions. Findings – Findings indicate that Non-Indian foreign aid, governance and democracy are detrimental to economic growth. Policy and investment is found insignificant determinant. However, labour force and technology are found fostering economic growth. Research limitations/implications – Less number of observations restrained detailed analysis like the use of interactive terms between aid and governance, aid and policy to see its actual impact. Data on Indian aid could not be sourced from any documents. Those available were found only for few years restricting time series analysis. Originality/value – This study explored the impact of various determinants on economic growth in Bhutan. These findings provide useful insights for policymakers in Bhutan to make necessary decisions. The analysis also suggests future ground for research to those scholars and researchers.
35
Schaeffer, Ian, and Miguel D. Ramirez. "Is there a Long-Term Relationship among European Sovereign Bond Yields?" Business and Economic Research 7, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v7i1.10863.
Full textAbstract:
The integration of financial markets has been a recurring theme in academic and financial research. The majority of the literature has focused on equity markets. Literature on the integration of international bond markets is not as common, specifically regarding that of European bonds since the beginning of the common currency area in 1999.This paper estimates a fixed effects pooled model and then proceeds to undertake panel unit root and cointegration tests to determine the degree of co-movement of European sovereign bond yields. The reported estimates suggest that yields move together over time, thus the benefits of diversification in European government bond portfolios may be limited. The results also have important implications for monetary policy. Given that economic shocks (e.g. inflationary shocks) are transmitted quickly from country to country, then it will complicate the task of monetary policy when it comes to pursuing an independent policy with respect to domestic monetary conditions in the presence of asymmetric economic shocks.
36
Mayer, Karl Ulrich, and Michael Wagner. "Socio-Economic Resources and Differential Ageing." Ageing and Society 13, no. 4 (December 1993): 517–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00001355.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe Sociology and Social Policy Research Unit of the Berlin Aging Study focuses on four substantive areas: (1) life course antecedents and generational experiences, (2) later phases of the family life course, (3) action resources and social participation, and (4) economic situations and the provision of care. This paper reports results on the relationship between social and economic inequality and differential ageing, using the BASE multidisciplinary Intake Assessment (N = 360). The socio-economic position of older people is measured along three dimensions: economic resources, social status and prestige, and cultural status. Several ageing outcomes are considered, including functional physical health, cognitive functioning and mental health, overall subjective well-being, social autonomy and dependency. First, we show that old people as a group are neither socially nor economically homogeneous: very old women possess unusually low economic resources; and cohort differences in educational attainment are carried into old age. Second, cognitive functioning and mental health are positively correlated with socio-economic resources, while functional physical health is not. For women, socio-economic resources slightly affect overall subjective well-being, and are linked to the likelihood of living in a nursing home. We speculate that the wide availability of compulsory health insurance reduces social differentials in physical health and that these inequalities may determine who survives into old age.
37
Isenberg, Sarina R., Chunhua Lu, John McQuade, Rab Razzak, Brian W. Weir, Natasha Gill, Thomas J. Smith, and David R. Holtgrave. "Economic Evaluation of a Hospital-Based Palliative Care Program." Journal of Oncology Practice 13, no. 5 (May 2017): e408-e420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.2016.018036.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Establish costs of an inpatient palliative care unit (PCU) and conduct a threshold analysis to estimate the maximum possible costs for the PCU to be considered cost effective. Methods: We used a hospital perspective to determine costs on the basis of claims from administrative data from Johns Hopkins PCU between March 2013 and March 2014. Using existing literature, we estimated the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) that the PCU could generate. We conducted a threshold analysis to assess the maximum costs for the PCU to be considered cost effective, incorporating willingness to pay ($180,000 per QALY). Three types of costs were considered, which included variable costs alone, contribution margin (ie, revenue minus variable costs), and PCU cost savings compared with usual care (from a separate publication). Results: The data showed that there were 153 patient encounters (PEs), variable costs of $1,050,031 ($1,343 per PE per day), a contribution margin of $318,413 ($407 per PE per day), and savings compared with usual care of $353,645 ($452 savings per PE per day). On the basis of the literature, the program could generate 3.11 QALYs from PEs (0.05 QALY) and caregivers (3.06 QALYs). The threshold analysis determined that the maximum variable cost required to be cost effective was $559,800 (an additional $716 per PE per day could be spent). Conclusion: According to variable costs, the PCU was not cost effective; however, when considering savings of the PCU compared with usual care, the PCU was cost saving. The contribution margin showed that the PCU was cost saving. This study supports efforts to expand PCUs, which enhance care for patients and their caregivers and can generate hospital savings. Future research should prospectively explore the cost utility of PCUs.
38
Guluzada, Tapdig, and Esmira Guluzada. "Fiscal policy and oil factor: Evaluation of the effects in global economic development." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 07023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219207023.
Full textAbstract:
Research background: Today, the acceptance of fiscal policy decisions necessitates the analysis of policy efficiency with the help of optimization issues, the study of cause-and-effect relationships between budget expenditures and macroeconomic indicators such as economic growth, revenues, and the evaluation of a number of econometric models among all. The need for these areas makes it important to study and analyze the effects of fiscal policy on the economy, which allows to justify the relevance of the topic of the article. Purpose of the article: The article is devoted to the assessment of the fiscal and economic consequences of changes in oil prices in the world market, as well as the study of the relationship between state budget revenues and government expenditure in Azerbaijan. It was revealed that a 1% increase in oil prices, in the long run, increased Azerbaijan’s GDP by 0.52% and state budget expenditures by 0.88%. The calculations allow to conclude that there is a high correlation between government spending and state budget revenues in Azerbaijan. The obtained result indicates a positive relationship between the aforementioned economic variables. Methods: The most common method of analyzing the possible causal relationship between macroeconomic indicators is the causality test proposed by Granger in 1969. However, from a methodological point of view, the application of this test to study the causal relationship between economic indicators requires these indicators to be stationary. This statistical feature can be violated in the case of the economic indicator having the single root elements. To do this, we tested the Unit root problem of the variable using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test. Simultaneously, a number of other important features of the evaluated models were tested and the adequacy of the models was confirmed. Findings & Value added: As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a short-term and long-term causal relationship between world oil prices and Azerbaijan’s GDP and state budget expenditures. According to the results, a 1 percent increase in oil prices leads to the increase of the current level of GDP growth in Azerbaijan by 0.20 percent in the short term, and by 0.52 percent in the long term. Parallelly, it was revealed that a 1 percent increase in world oil prices leads to a 0.88 percent increase in Azerbaijan’s state budget expenditures in the long run. The correlation between Azerbaijan’s government expenditures and state budget revenues was analyzed, and a high correlation between these two macroeconomic indicators was identified.
39
Rezina, Sonia, Nusrat Jahan, and Mohitul Ameen Ahmed Mustafi. "Contribution of StockMarket Towards Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Bangladesh Economy." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n4p238.
Full textAbstract:
The economic growth of a country is influenced by many different factors. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between stock market development and economic growth in Bangladesh as well as the impact of stock market performance upon the economic growth of Bangladesh. The stock market performance has been measured by market capitalization ratio, number of listed companies, total value traded and turnover ratio; and the economic growth was represented by real gross domestic product. The periods taken for study were from year 1994 to year 2015.The effect of the stock market reform will also be addressed to explain the relationship. The study has been conducted using Augmented Dickey- Fuller Unit Root Test, Johansen Cointegration Test and the Granger Causality Test. The findings of the research should help the policy makers and regulators to look after their interest in the financial sector of the country.
40
Singhania, Monica, and Neha Saini. "Revisiting environmental degradation and economic growth nexus using autoregressive distributed lag approach." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 1765–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-10-2019-0509.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe paper attempts to revisit the nexus between economic growth, carbon emissions, trade openness, financial effectiveness and FDI for a sample of seven developed and developing countries using curvilinear relationship as per environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis over long term.Design/methodology/approachThe authors determine the unit root properties of variables (using Clemente–Montañés–Reyes unit root test with double mean shifts and AO model and augmented Dickey–Fuller test) for structural breaks at different levels. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and error correction model (ECM) methodology was used to estimate long- and short-run parameters among the selected variables in sample countries from 1965 to 2016. Vector error correction (VEC) and Granger causality approach was used to determine the direction of causality.FindingsThe authors confirmed long-run relationship among the variables and highlighted high economic growth and energy consumption as the main causes of environmental degradation. While in India financial development and FDI inflows depict a negative association with environmental sustainability, however, such relationship was positive in the United Kingdom (UK), which is often considered as a benchmark for policymakers. The authors’ findings were in agreement with existing research insights in reporting FDI and financial development as the major contributors towards (unsustainable) sustainable environment through emissions in case of (developing country like India) developed country like UK. For other sample countries (China, Brazil, Japan, South Africa, United States of America (USA)), the authors’ model failed to capture financial development and FDI as significant contributors of carbon emissions. However, unidirectional causality running from energy to carbon emission was observed leading to the policy adoption of incentivizing alternative energy-based resources to increase energy efficiency across the energy value chain.Research limitations/implicationsManufacturing with renewable energy, in collaboration with private and foreign players, under an institutional framework is desirable. Policy instruments including mandatory administrative controls, economic incentives and voluntary schemes that promote energy efficiency building blocks need to be established. A sound legal system for implementing technological innovation, financial subsidy incentives, interest-free loan programmes and development of financial sector supports creation and thriving of energy efficient units, often a perquisite for accelerated development.Originality/valueBy undertaking a comparative analysis, the authors address the research gap through revisiting EKC hypothesis with different set of trade policy and financial development framework. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, earlier studies were limited to one-country data analysis and did not consider the comparative data set of developed and developing countries with reference to financial development and FDI components.
41
Chen, Ten-Suz, Yung-Fu Huang, Ming-Wei Weng, and Manh-Hoang Do. "Two-Stage Production System Pondering upon Corporate Social Responsibility in Food Supply Chain: A Case Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031088.
Full textAbstract:
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has witnessed remarkable attention in academic studies as well as being widely conducted in different industries globally. This specific case was chosen as one of the biggest dairy companies that may be represented for Vietnam dairy supply chain management. This research aims to integrate CSR initiatives into food supply chain management to clarify the optimal replenishment policy, paying close attention to the relationship between midstream manufacturers and final customers. The classical economic production quantity model has been employed, relying on the two-stage assembly production system. The three parameters that contribute to the total profit formulation that have been considered consist of the social charity amount for per unit selling, the unit wholesale price of the manufacturer, and the return rate of used goods from the customer. The study has stressed that there is a significant impact from implementing CSR initiatives on the enterprise’s inventory policy that leads to enhance the firm’s financial performance.
42
Romi A.S, M. N., and Dewi Citra Larasati. "STRATEGI BADAN PELAYANAN PAJAK DAERAH KOTA MALANG DALAM MENGURAI TUNGGAKAN PAJAK BUMI BANGUNAN (PBB)." REFORMASI 8, no. 2 (November 12, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/rfr.v8i2.1098.
Full textAbstract:
Land and Building in Indonesia are worned taxes regional. This tax as called PBB is one of the taxes transferred from the Central Government to the Local Government. The government of Malang City has made program of PBB at the beginning of the year in 2013. Authority about PBB are delegated to institution BP2D. BP2D are affording receivable amount Rp.110.348.875.252,- from PBB. The researcher has interestingabout strategic this institution to increase income from PBB. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The outcome from this research are 1) BP2D often held a tax socialization, 2) The institution cooperating with stakeholders, 3) BP2D were establisinga unit to enforce taxes. This unit as called OPGAB, 5) The official are mapping about economic ability, 6) Implementation of a program was called Sunset Policy, 7) operate the tax car, and 8) Institution giving rewards totaxpayers who have good payment.
43
Andayani, Wahyu, Ris Hadi Purwanto, and Slamet Riyanto. "Optimalisasi Pembagian Batang (Bucking Policy) Kayu Bulat Jati dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Pendapatan KPH Madiun." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.24899.
Full textAbstract:
Pendapatan KPH Madiun akan naik jika metode pembagian batang optimal diimplementasikan, sesuai dengan teori optimalisasi. Hal tersebut karena lebih dari 50% kontribusi pendapatan KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur sampai saat ini berasal dari penjualan kayu jati. Produk yang dijual meliputi berbagai sortimen yang ditetapkan dengan kebijakan pembagian batang sesuai “Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Pembagian Batang Kayu Bundar Jati Tahun 2006”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerapkan metode pembagian batang optimal dengan menggunakan teori program linier. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa, terdapat 96 alternatif cara pembagian batang dari 6 kelas diameter, dan 16 sortimen terdiri dari : vinir, hara, kayu bahan parket (KBP) untuk kebutuhan industri lokal. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah : pendapatan KPH Madiun meningkat sebesar Rp. 4.599.460/m3, atau sebesar Rp. 8.921.623/pohon, sedangkan realisasi pendapatan usaha yang diperoleh saat ini adalah sebesar Rp. 3.701.503/m3 atau sebesar Rp. 7.179.847/pohon. Dengan demikian jika metode optimalisasi diterapkan nilai ekonomi per pohon akan naik sebesar 24,26% atau setara dengan volume sebesar 1,94 m3.Bucking Policy Optimization of Teak Log to Increase the Revenue of KPH Madiun. AbstractThe revenue of KPH Madiun could have been effectively increased through improvement in its bucking policy implementation. Such implementation had been formulated in this research using optimization theory to generate the maximum total economic values of log assortments cut from felled trees. As teakwood production had been the core business, contributing more than 50 % of the revenue, KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II East Java had been choosen as the object and location of this research. The research found and analized 96 alternatives of bucking policy implementations, derived from 6 possible diameter classes, and 16 possible assortment quality classes. The log assortment was identified by its diameter, length, and quality, as raw materials of veneer, parquet, and local industry. Through optimization process, the optimum bucking policy could potentially increase revenue of KPH Madiun to the maximum of IDR 4,599,460 per m3, or IDR 8,921,623 per tree of 1.94 m3 average. Comparing to existing revenue of IDR 3,701,503 per m3, or IDR 7,179,847 per tree of the same average, which has been based on the formal bucking policy guidance of um Perhutani Unit II (2006), it could be a significant potential increase of 24.26 % or equal to 1.94 m3.
44
Awan, Abdul Ghafoor. "China’s Economic Growth - 21st Century Puzzle." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 76–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v2i2.177.
Full textAbstract:
China’s fast economic growth since 1960s was the result of gradual shift in its economic system, open door policy and its accession to the world trade organization. The institutional reforms and access to foreign markets has been followed by investment strategies expanded 45% of Chinese GDP during last 40 years. The consistent vertical economic growth has no precedent in the economic history of the world. China has increased its share in world trade from 0.5% in 1960 to 10% in 2010 and accumulated foreign exchange reserves of US$3.19 trillion by March 2013. It is not less than a miracle.
The objective of this study is to investigate into the Chinese labour productivity and output in the short and long-run perspective to detect the real source of Chinese economic growth.
Our study is spread over a period starting from 1962 to 2010 because of political and economic stability with minor crisis. The data was taken from China Bureau of National Statistics, IMF, World Bank and relevant research Journals and books. The variables included in this study are: labour productivity, investment, exports, R&D expenses, capital stock, open door policy, real exchange rate and US GDP. The VAR model proposed by Johansen (1988), Johansen and Juselius (1990,1994) and Hendry and Mizon (1993) was used to measure the nature of relations among the above variables. Different tests including unit root test were applied to test the stability of the model.
The Econometric results show that international trade and investment in capital stock and R&D expenses by Chinese Government are the major determinants, which are responsible for enhancing labour productivity and output in the long-run, Similarly, real exchange rate appears as an important determinant to explain change in output in the long-run. US GDP has played no role in explaining Chinese output growth.
JEL Classification Code: F43; O47
45
Hall, Peter S., Elizabeth D. Mitchell, Alison F. Smith, David A. Cairns, Michael Messenger, Michelle Hutchinson, Judy Wright, et al. "The future for diagnostic tests of acute kidney injury in critical care: evidence synthesis, care pathway analysis and research prioritisation." Health Technology Assessment 22, no. 32 (May 2018): 1–274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta22320.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is highly prevalent in hospital inpatient populations, leading to significant mortality and morbidity, reduced quality of life and high short- and long-term health-care costs for the NHS. New diagnostic tests may offer an earlier diagnosis or improved care, but evidence of benefit to patients and of value to the NHS is required before national adoption.ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential for AKI in vitro diagnostic tests to enhance the NHS care of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and identify an efficient supporting research strategy.Data sourcesWe searched ClinicalTrials.gov, The Cochrane Library databases, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, MEDLINE,metaRegister of Current Controlled Trials, PubMed and Web of Science databases from their inception dates until September 2014 (review 1), November 2015 (review 2) and July 2015 (economic model). Details of databases used for each review and coverage dates are listed in the main report.Review methodsThe AKI-Diagnostics project included horizon scanning, systematic reviewing, meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity, appraisal of analytical validity, care pathway analysis, model-based lifetime economic evaluation from a UK NHS perspective and value of information (VOI) analysis.ResultsThe horizon-scanning search identified 152 potential tests and biomarkers. Three tests, Nephrocheck®(Astute Medical, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), NGAL and cystatin C, were subjected to detailed review. The meta-analysis was limited by variable reporting standards, study quality and heterogeneity, but sensitivity was between 0.54 and 0.92 and specificity was between 0.49 and 0.95 depending on the test. A bespoke critical appraisal framework demonstrated that analytical validity was also poorly reported in many instances. In the economic model the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from £11,476 to £19,324 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), with a probability of cost-effectiveness between 48% and 54% when tests were compared with current standard care.LimitationsThe major limitation in the evidence on tests was the heterogeneity between studies in the definitions of AKI and the timing of testing.ConclusionsDiagnostic tests for AKI in the ICU offer the potential to improve patient care and add value to the NHS, but cost-effectiveness remains highly uncertain. Further research should focus on the mechanisms by which a new test might change current care processes in the ICU and the subsequent cost and QALY implications. The VOI analysis suggested that further observational research to better define the prevalence of AKI developing in the ICU would be worthwhile. A formal randomised controlled trial of biomarker use linked to a standardised AKI care pathway is necessary to provide definitive evidence on whether or not adoption of tests by the NHS would be of value.Study registrationThe systematic review within this study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42014013919.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
46
Minniti, Davide, Ottavio Davini, Maria Rosaria Gualano, and Maria Michela Gianino. "TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING OSTEOPOROSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no. 3 (July 2014): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000257.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives:The study question was whether dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) alone is more cost-effective for identifying postmenopausal women with osteoporosis than a two-step procedure with quantitative ultrasound sonography (QUS) plus DXA. To answer this question, a systematic review was performed.Methods:Electronic databases (PubMed, INAHTA, Health Evidence Network, NIHR, the Health Technology Assessment program, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Research Papers in Economics, Web of Science, Scopus, and EconLit) were searched for cost-effectiveness publications. Two independent reviewers selected eligible publications based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quality assessment of economic evaluations was undertaken using the Drummond checklist.Results:Seven journal articles and four reports were reviewed. The cost per true positive case diagnosed by DXA was found to be higher than that for diagnosis by QUS+DXA in two articles. In one article it was found to be lower. In three studies, the results were not conclusive. These articles were characterized by the differences in the types of devices, parameters and thresholds on the QUS and DXA tests and the unit costs of the DXA and QUS tests as well as by variability in the sensitivity and specificity of the techniques and the prevalence of osteoporosis.Conclusions:The publications reviewed did not provide clear-cut evidence for drawing conclusions about which screening test may be more cost-effective for identifying postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
47
Sari, Yesi Dewita, Tridoyo Kusumastanto, and Luky Adrianto. "MAXIMUM ECONOMIC YIELD SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN KERAPU DI PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN SERIBU, DKI JAKARTA." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 3, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v3i1.5843.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jumlah hasil tangkapan ikan kerapu yang optimal dilihat dari segi ekonomi dengan tetap didasarkan pada keberlanjutan pemanfaatan sumberdaya. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Kepulauan Seribu menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan nelayan yang melakukan penangkapan ikan kerapu dengan menggunakan alat tangkap pancing dan bubu. Data sekunder diperoleh dari kantor kecamatan, bupati dan Dinas Peternakan Perikanan dan Kelautan DKI Jakarta. Data sekunder dianalisis selama 14 tahun mulai tahun 1990 sampai tahun 2004. Analisis bioekonomi dengan model surplus produksi perikanan yang dikemukakan oleh Clark, Yoshimoto dan Pooley digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Optimal pemanfaatan secara ekonomi pada pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan kerapu di perairan Kepulauan Seribu DKI Jakarta adalah pada tingkat upaya penangkapan 82 unit setara dengan bubu, jumlah hasil tangkapan 29,94 ton per tahun dan manfaat ekonomi 747 juta rupiah per tahun. Tingkat pemanfaatan yang dilakukan oleh nelayan baik dilihat dari jumlah alat tangkap yang digunakan maupun hasil yang didaratkan telah menunjukkan kondisi tangkap lebih sehingga diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah untuk membatasi tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan kerapu tersebut. Tittle: Maximum Economic Yield of Grouper Resource in the Kepulauan Seribu, DKI JakartaThis research aimed to calculate groupers optimum exploitation in economic term based on resource sustainability. The research conducted at the Kepulauan Seribu using primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from hookline and trap fishers using interview technique, while secondary data were collected from sub district, district and marine, fisheries and animal husbandry services of DKI Jakarta Province. Data series of 1990 to 2004 were also analyzed. Bioeconomic analysis with surplus production model developed by Clark, Yoshimoto and Pooley was used in this study. Optimum economic exploitation of groupers fishery management were 82 unit fishing effort, 29,94 ton per year productions and Rp 747.000.000 economic rent per year. Exploitation rate carried out by fishers at Kepulauan Seribu had indicated over exploitation so that government policy to limit the fishing effort should be imposed.
48
Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, and Uday Shanker Racherla. "Interdependence among dimensions of sustainability." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2017-0051.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interdependence among dimensions of sustainability, i.e. economic, social and environmental performance, this study focuses on leading states of the Indian leather Industry. Design/methodology/approach This study followed exploratory research where partial least square (PLS) based structural equation modeling has been used. The states have been selected based on judgmental sampling. The study used unit level data for the leading states of Indian leather Industry − namely, Tamil Nadu (TN), West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. The study has used Annual Survey of Industry data from 2007-2008 to 2011-2012. The proposed hypotheses have been tested using WarpPLS 5.0 software. Findings The structural equation analysis of unit-wise leather industry data supports a significant bi-directional negative relationship between social performance and economic performance among all the selected states. In contrast, the relationship between economic performance and environmental performance, as expected and supported by many existing theories, has shown a bidirectional positive relationship. However, the relationship between social and environmental performance has shown quite mysterious and mixed trends. TN has depicted significantly negative coefficients, which could be attributed to higher pressure for environmental compliance that might have led to a trade-off between the two to gain cost competitiveness. Research limitations/implications Unavailability of data for many critical indicators is the biggest limitation of this study. Originality/value The sustainability framework proposed in this work is an original contribution of authors to the existing literature. Moreover, this study on the Indian leather industry fills the gap and resolves the mystery of interconnection among the dimensions of sustainability.
49
Yoho, Keenan, and Solon Simons. "The Theory of Entrepreneurial Policy Alignment: A Newer Institutional Economics." Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/joscmv5n2p26-39.
Full textAbstract:
The emergence of supply chain as a growing area of research has generated a renewed <br />interest in theory and theory-making within the field of operations management. This interest is the <br />result of the parallel advances in other areas like economics, sociology, and general management that <br />have developed theoretical perspectives and tools relevant for the operations domain. Work in these <br />areas has demonstrated the relevance of strategic action and organizational structure that are traditionally ignored in an operations framework. In this paper we propose a new theory through which existing research paradigms in the field of operations management may be reinterpreted and redirected. <br />We call this theory the Theory of Entrepreneurial Policy Alignment (TEPA). The point of departure <br />for the theory is the concept of the policy as the locus of institutional activity. The TEPA defines the <br />policy as the fundamental unit of economic analysis and the strategic lever of entrepreneurial action. <br />Analysis of policy – as opposed to the individual choice or the transaction cost – permits the examination of economic activity, which draws attention to the Schumpeterian dynamics of competing supply <br />chains operating in environments far from equilibrium. This theoretical innovation marks the theory <br />as distinct from others on order and can be seen as a movement through transaction cost economics. <br />The TEPA recognizes the consequential nature of operations and incorporates policy considerations to <br />arrive at a newer institutional economics. In this paper, we motivate the argument for developing such <br />a theory, present its basic features and provide an example of how TEPA may be applied to a decision <br />to offshore a manufacturing production facility. <br />
50
Atsu, Francis, Charles Agyei, William Phanuel Darbi, and Sussana Adjei-Mensah. "The impact of telecommunication revenue on economic growth: evidence from Ghana." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-10-2011-0076.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run impact of telecommunications revenue and telecommunications investment on economic growth of Ghana for the time horizon 1976-2007. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Perron unit root test to explore the stationarity property of the variables and the Engle-Granger residual-based test of cointegration to model an appropriate restricted error correction model. Findings – The outcome of the analysis produced mixed results. Telecommunications revenue does not contribute significantly whilst telecommunications investment does. Practical implications – Policy makers will have to deal with a conundrum; while designing targeted policies that will attract more telecommunication investment in order to maximize the corresponding revenues and the economic growth it brings in its wake, they must at the same time find ways and resources to grow the economy to a point or threshold where revenue from telecommunications can have the much needed impact on their economies. Originality/value – The study is one of the first that has investigated the line of causality between telecommunication revenue and economic growth unlike previous research that mainly focused on the impact of telecommunication infrastructure on economic development.