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Journal articles on the topic 'Nana'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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1

Corne, Chris. "Nana K Nana, Nana K Napa." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.10.1.03cor.

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A recent study of Tayo shows an obligatory subordinator sa in all relative clauses. The Isle de France dialects, like most other varieties of Creole French, have an obligatory subordinator ki for subject relatives, while ki is optional elsewhere. Reunion Creole has a subordinator ke which is almost always optional, and thus stands out as different from all others in this respect. To explain this oddity, the paper contains the following topical sequence: 1) Reunion Creole relative clauses and the "mysterious" verb marker i with which they interact are described, using data covering nearly three centuries; 2) a highly specific past tense formation is described and discussed; and 3) inferential arguments are advanced, with the addition of data that pertain to both Tayo and Isle de France Creole, to suggest that the anomalous optionality of the relative subordinator in Reunion Creole became established in the 17th century as a result of Malagasy influence on what is essentially a continuation of 17th century (varieties of) French. Tayo and Isle de France Creole are seen as new creations, new solutions to problems of interethnic communication.

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2

Patwardhan, Jaidev P., Chris Dwyer, Alvin R. Lebeck, and Daniel J. Sorin. "NANA." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 2, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1126257.1126258.

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3

Mitchell, Pamela Anne. "Nana Log." Focus on Laudato Si' 34, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1060953ar.

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4

Puglia, Salvatore. "Nana Frasina." Vacarme 12, no. 2 (2000): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vaca.012.0098.

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5

Robinson, Kim Dismont. "Green Nana." Anthurium A Caribbean Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33596/anth.22.

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6

Mustapha Balogun Solagberu, Abdur-Razzaq. "Nana Asma'u." ISLAMIC STUDIES 60, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v60i4.1846.

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Nigeria has continued to produce many women who are recognized as great scholars. One of such women was Nana Asma’u (d. 1864), the daughter of Usman dan Fodio (d. 1817). She was a Sufi woman scholar of Qādiriyyah order, who lived a life of emulation in many respects. She had a remarkable influence on the people of her age, rather her impact on different aspects of human life continued to be felt in society. This article examines her life and her contribution to the sociopolitical, economic, and educational progress of her people. The objective of the research is to draw attention to the life achievements of this Sufi sage with the hope that the present Nigerian Muslim women especially the Sufis will seek guidance from her. The study is based on the interpretative approach in line with the disciplines of history and Sufism. It concludes that Nana Asma’u used her knowledge and Sufi inclination to better the lots of her society by establishing welfare projects, which made her influence last to the present age and that the Sufi scholars especially the women scholars can emulate her and make Sufism attractive by not restricting their activities to the rituals alone.

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7

Gruer, L. "Nana Gruer." BMJ 347, sep25 1 (September 25, 2013): f5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5369.

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8

LESNICK, NANCY. "Nursing Nana." American Journal of Nursing 99, no. 5 (May 1999): 24XX. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199905000-00030.

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9

Thompson, Hannah. "Zola: ‘Nana’." French Studies 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knl209.

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10

Hench, Juergen, Gieri Cathomas, and Matthias S. Dettmer. "Hymenolepis nana." Medicine 96, no. 50 (December 2017): e9146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000009146.

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11

TANABE, Katsumi. "NANA ON LION." Orient 30and31 (1995): 309–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/orient1960.30and31.309.

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12

Woollen, Geoff, and Bernice Chitnis. "Reflecting on 'Nana'." Modern Language Review 88, no. 4 (October 1993): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3734483.

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13

White, C. "'Nana' d'Emile Zola." French Studies 64, no. 2 (March 29, 2010): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knp258.

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14

Ohene-Baah, Nana. "Nana Ohene-Baah." Journal of Radiology Nursing 41, no. 3 (September 2022): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2022.10.001.

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15

Hossain, MM, M. Nishibori, and MA Islam. "Meat Yield from Broiler, Indigenous Naked Neck and Full Feathered Chicken of Bangladesh." Agriculturists 10, no. 2 (December 25, 2012): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13142.

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Six males and 6 females in each genetic group (G) of broiler (Br), indigenous naked neck (Nana) and full feathered chicken (nana) at set three weight groups (WG); 0.75 kg, 1.00 kg and 1.25 kg were collected from different local markets and slaughtered. Meat yield traits of slaughtered chickens were recorded to identify a suitable G at a specific weight by comparing the meat yield of 3 Gs. Broiler had the highest breast, breast: dark meat and heart weight followed by Nana and nana while Nana had the highest gizzard weight followed by nana and Br. Dark, thigh, and giblet weight tended to increase in Nana followed by nana and Br. Male performed better than female for yielding meat except breast: dark meat and abdominal fat which was higher in female than that in male. The highest breast: dark meat of broiler, Nana and nana was observed in 1.00 kg, 0.75 kg and 1.25 kg WG, respectively. Indigenous chickens showed decreased head and feather weight but increased skin weight with increasing live weight. Notwithstanding, the highest skin weight was observed in Br followed by nana and Nana. The remarkable interaction of G x sex (S), G x WG, and G x S x WG was observed for breast: dark. The above findings reveal that Nana is comparable to Br, and better than nana for yielding meat. Of the feathering types, broiler is superior to nana for yield of meat. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v10i2.13142 The Agriculturists 2012; 10(2) 55-67

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16

Ozacmak, V. Haktan, Glyne U. Thorington, William H. Fletcher, and David A. Hessinger. "N-Acetylneuraminic Acid (NANA) Stimulates in situ cyclic AMP Production in Tentacles of Sea Anemone (Aiptasia pallida): Possible Role in Chemosensitization of Nematocyst Discharge." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 11 (June 1, 2001): 2011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.11.2011.

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SUMMARY Cnidocytes, the stinging cells of cnidarians, optimally discharge nematocysts in response to combined physical contact and stimulation of specific chemoreceptors. In the tentacles of certain sea anemones, the primary chemoreceptors bind N-acetylated sugars, such as N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA). Sensitization with NANA predisposes contact-sensitive mechanoreceptors (CSMs) to trigger discharge in response to physical contact. In the ectoderm of sea anemone tentacles, cnidocyte/supporting cell complexes (CSCCs) control and trigger nematocyst discharge. Previous findings have implicated cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a second messenger in NANA-sensitized nematocyst discharge. However, no reports have directly demonstrated that the cAMP content of tentacles changes in response to NANA stimulation. We now show that NANA elevates in situ cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner in the ectoderm of tentacles from the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. However, the endoderm of tentacles shows no detectable cAMP response to NANA. The effect of NANA on the cAMP content of the ectoderm is biphasic. Micromolar NANA increases the in situ cAMP level, with a maximal response occurring at 1.8×10−5moll−1 NANA. At higher NANA concentrations, the cAMP content decreases to that of controls. Because the cAMP dose/response curve to NANA coincides precisely with the dose/response curves of NANA-sensitized nematocyst discharge and nematocyst-mediated adhesive force, a second-messenger role for cAMP in NANA-sensitized nematocyst discharge is strongly suggested. The addition of isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) to the medium with sea anemones increases tissue cAMP levels both in the absence and in the presence of NANA. However, anesthetizing anemones in sea water containing high levels of Mg2+ blocks the NANA-stimulated cAMP response of the ectoderm. In addition, our results suggest that NANA-stimulated cAMP may activate endogenous cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in broken cell preparations of tentacles. Thus, NANA-stimulated cAMP may function as a second messenger in the NANA chemosensory signaling pathway controlling nematocyst discharge.

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17

Blasco García, Julio. "Nana para mi Nene." DEDiCA Revista de Educação e Humanidades (dreh), no. 4 (March 1, 2013): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/dreh.v0i4.7040.

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Es una composición original realizada por el autor de una Nana para su hijo -cedida expresamente a DEDiCA. REVISTA DE E DUCAÇÃO E HUMANIDADES para su publicación-; fue estrenada en el Concierto Inaugural del CIMA 2010 celebrado en la Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla.Contiene además un comentario del Concertista de Contrabajo y también Profesor Doctor de la Universidad de Alcalá, Enrique Álvarez de Andrés, así como de los organizadores responsables del CIMA 2010, los Dres. Fernando José Sadio-Ramos y María Angustias Ortiz-Molina

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18

Veraldi, Stefano, Luisa Angileri, Luisa Carlotta Rossi, and Gianluca Nazzaro. "Endolimax nana and urticaria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 03 (March 31, 2020): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12389.

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Endolimax nana is a commensal protozoan of the colon. We report a case of chronic urticaria associated with E. nana in a 34-year-old Italian woman. The patient suffered from abdominal pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. The disease appeared after a trip to Vietnam. Laboratory examinations showed mild blood eosinophilia. Three coproparasitological examinations were positive for cysts of E. nana. The patient was successfully treated with two courses of metronidazole (2 g/day for 10 days each). No antihistamines were used. Three coproparasitological examinations, carried out at the end of the therapy, were negative. Follow up (six months) was negative. E. nana can be responsible for very rare cases of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, polyarthritis and urticaria.

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19

Sengel, Marie. "Nana-Benz de Noailles." Hommes et Migrations 1224, no. 1 (2000): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/homig.2000.3482.

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20

Farrar, Susan Clement. "Where is my Nana?" American Journal of Alzheimer's Care and Related Disorders 1, no. 2 (April 1986): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153331758600100208.

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21

Park,Hai-Young. "Le Désir lacanien et Nana comme " Objet a" dans Nana de Zola." Etudes de la Culture Francaise et de Arts en France 39, no. ll (February 2012): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21651/cfaf.2012.39..31.

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22

Shakour, Sunbul J., and Sawsan A. F. Mohammed. "Study of certain Antioxidant Enzyme Levels in Albino Male Rats Infected with Hymenolepis nana." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 03 (June 30, 2022): 1347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.3.69.

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Current work aims to study the levels of certain antioxidant enzymes in male rats with Hymenolepis nana. 40 albino male rats were used in current work. Thirty male rats infected with H. nanaa and 10 male rats as control group. The direct examination of feces by using microscope was done to diagnosis the adult worms, tapeworm segments and larvae. The findings of present work demonstrated that the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and catalase in an infected rat’s show significant (p less than 0.05) reduce compared with control rats. So, the study found a direct relationship between H. nana and antioxidant enzymes where the levels of antioxidant enzymes significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in infected rats.

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23

Gabriele, F., D. Wakelin, and C. Palmas. "Specific cross-immunity between Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta: immunization with heterologous and homologous light infections." Journal of Helminthology 62, no. 2 (June 1988): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00011342.

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ABSTRACTThe consequences of previous and concurrent infection with two related species of cestodes, Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta, were studied in CD1 mice. A H. diminuta infection strongly affected the establishment and the survival of a secondary H. nana egg or cyst infection administered 30 days later. An infection of 20 H. nana eggs strongly protected against a 5-cyst H. diminuta challenge, whereas an infection of 10 H. nana cysts was ineffective; 20 H. nana eggs also protected against a challenge with 5 cysts of H. diminuta administered 5 days later. No effects were observed in either parasite during a concurrent infection established by administration of cysts. An H. nana egg-infection was unable to affect the establishment of a secondary H. nana cyst-infection given 1 month later; however a significant decrease in growth was found. Similar results were found when a primary H. nana egg-infection was followed 5 days later by the homologous cyst-infection. But an infection with 5 H. nana cysts was unable to protect against a homologous challenge of 5 cysts or 20 eggs. The reciprocal cross immunity between the heterologous parasites and the failure of protection of homologous challenges are discussed in relation to light infections.

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24

Uddin, MK, M. Ahammed, MR Rahman, and MAR Howlider. "Effect of Dwarf and Naked Neck Gene on the Egg Production Performance in Tropics." Progressive Agriculture 18, no. 2 (March 2, 2014): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18167.

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Cocks and pullets from each of 4 genotypes; Redbro (RbRb), Naked neck (NaNa), Redbro dwarf (Rbdw) and Naked neck dwarf (Nadw) were crossed reciprocally for egg production trial. Egg quality (egg weight, egg diameter, egg length, shell thickness, membrane thickness, membrane weight, shell weight, % of shell, yolk color score, albumen diameter, albumen height, yolk diameter and yolk weight) were compared among 4 genotypes. Daily feed intakes, almost related to respected body size were reduced in Rbdw and Nadw hens by 7.41 and 19.89% than in normal sized RbRb hens. The feed conversion and hen day egg production were highest in Rbdw, intermediate in RbRb and Nadw and lowest in NaNa. Naked neck (Na) and dwarf genotypes had favorable effect on egg fertility and hatchability. Parents in both Na and dw inheritance had favorable shell thickness, shell membrane weight (%), albumen height and diameter, yolk height and diameter, albumen weight and albumen weight (%) and yolk weight, while NaNa had highest yolk weight (%). Both egg weight and chick weight percent were highest in RbRb x Rbdw genotypes, followed by RbRb, RbRb x Nadw, RbRb x NaNa, Rbdw x RbRb, Rbdw, Rbdw x Nadw, Rbdw x NaNa, Nadw x RbRb, Nadw x Rbdw, Nadw, Nadw x NaNa, NaNa x RbRb, NaNa x Rbdw, NaNa x Nadw and NaNa respectively. Chick weight as percent of egg weight irrespective of genotype was simply the functions of egg weight.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18167 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 115 - 121, 2007

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25

Sataeva, T. P., S. A. Kutya, S. N. Smirnova, and V. V. Kazakova. "A historical review of the study on biology of the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana." Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-1-18-26.

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The purpose of the research: to submit a review of national and foreign literature on biological research of Hymenolepis nana. Materials and methods. Papers on morphology and biology of H. nana (starting from the first discovery of H. nana in 1851 by German parasitologist T. Bilharz until the present moment) written by 26 native and 11 foreign authors served as research material. When analyzing the literature, special attention was paid to the results of the morphological study and development cycle of H. nana taking into account the developmental stages of cestodes. Results and discussion. Specific data on morphology of H. nana and pictures of scolex and proglottids of the dwarf tapeworm using scanning electronic microscopy were provided. Structure of H. nana eggs was described in detail. Most papers are dedicated to the study of biological features of development. Sometimes, H. nana is reproduced by budding (passing through the following development cycle: megalospheres, metamers, invagination, scolexogenesis, larval cysts). Eggs were found in animals’ feces 17-18 days after infestation. H. nana lives in human body for several years, and sometimes 20-38 years. Issues related to the species identity of H. nana and H. fraternal, and mechanisms of transmission and prevalence of infection are discussed. Prevalence of hymenolepiasis in different countries depends not on climate conditions but on the degree of population density. Contamination of hands is an important factor influencing the frequency of hymenolepiasis autoinvasion in patients. The role of rodents as a source of H. nana infection is not essential.

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26

Sutrayani, Neling, Jamal Bake, and Eka Suaib. "PENGARUH SISTEM IMBALAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA SWALAYAN NANA JAYA KENDARI." Business UHO: Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis 1, no. 2 (November 10, 2016): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.52423/bujab.v1i2.9630.

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This study aims to describe the effect of the reward system on employee performance at the Nana Jaya Supermarket in Kendari. The population in this study were all employees in Supermarkets Nana Jaya Kendari, amounting to 20 employees. Sampling using a total sampling technique by taking the entire population sampled as many as 20 employees and determined informants namely Owner Nana Jaya Kendari Supermarkets, and Managers at Supermarkets Nana Jaya Kendari.Based on the results of the analysis and discussion obtained, it can be concluded that the reward system has a significant effect on employee performance at the Nana Jaya Supermarket in Kendari. The better the reward system provided to employees, the higher the employee's performance at the Kendari Jaya Supermarket, Kendari. Based on the results of this study it appears that in general the Nana Jaya Jaya Supermarket has provided or implemented a good reward system to employees. although there are still some aspects that still need to be improved again such as benefits to employees, as well as in providing bonuses to employees. This will increase employee loyalty to the company, discipline, and employee creativity at workABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh sistem imbalan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada Swalayan Nana Jaya Kendari. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan di Swalayan Nana Jaya Kendari yaitu berjumlah 20 karyawan. Penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan mengambil seluruh populasi yang dijadikan sampel yaitu sebanyak 20 karyawan dan ditetapkan informan yaitu Pemilik Swalayan Nana Jaya Kendari, serta Manajer di Swalayan Nana Jaya Kendari.Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan yang diperoleh, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem imbalan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dengan kinerja karyawan pada Swalayan Nana Jaya Kendari. Semakin baik sistem imbalan yang diberikan kepada karyawan, maka semakin tinggi pula kinerja karyawan pada Swalayan Nana Jaya Kendari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini terlihat bahwa pada umumnya Swalayan Nana Jaya Kendari sudah memberikan atau menerapkan sistem imbalan yang baik kepada karyawan. walaupun masih ada beberapa aspek yang masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi seperti tunjangan kepada karyawan, serta dalam memberikan bonus kepada karyawan. Hal ini akan meningkatkan kesetiaan karyawan terhadap perusahaan, kedisiplinan, dan kreatifitas karyawan dalam bekerja.

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27

Toulabor, Comi. "Les Nana Benz de Lomé." Afrique contemporaine 244, no. 4 (2012): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco.244.0069.

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28

Reverzy, Éléonore. "Littérature publique. L'exemple de Nana." Revue d'histoire littéraire de la France 109, no. 3 (2009): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhlf.093.0587.

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29

Wautier, Camille Riquier. "Nana, femme fatale, mythe macabre." Revue de la BNF 60, no. 1 (2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rbnf.060.0137.

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30

S., Mehmud, and H. Roy. "Lectotypification of Wallichia nana (Arecaceae)." Rheedea 31, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2021.31.04.09.

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31

Landrivon, G., and C. Grimaldi. "Salamatou, Nana and the others." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 26, no. 4 (October 2016): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2016.0609.

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32

Yoon, Seoyeong. "Islam Feminism of Nana Asma’u." Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies 66 (May 30, 2017): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22344/fls.2017.66.95.

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33

Rosenmeier, Rosamond. "A Praise for Maggie Nana." Christianity & Literature 43, no. 1 (December 1993): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833319304300127.

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34

Biccard, A., and J. J. Midgley. "Rodent pollination in Protea nana." South African Journal of Botany 75, no. 4 (October 2009): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2009.08.003.

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35

Rosenmeier, Rosamond. "A Praise for Maggie Nana." Christianity & Literature 50, no. 3 (June 2001): 541–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833310105000397.

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36

Wang, Jun-Feng, Cun-Li Zhang, Qing Lu, Ya-Fang Yu, Hui-Min Zhong, Chun-Lin Long, and Yong-Xian Cheng. "Three New Diarylheptanoids fromMyrica nana." Helvetica Chimica Acta 92, no. 8 (August 2009): 1594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200900029.

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37

Hibbert, Jacqueline M., Alan A. Jackson, and Sally M. Grantham-Mcgregor. "Plasma concentrations of N-acetylneuraminic acid in severe malnutrition." British Journal of Nutrition 53, no. 1 (January 1985): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850004.

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1. In rat studies, circulating concentrations of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) have been shown to be an indicator of NANA concentrations in the brain and functional brain activity, in relation to nutritional state and stimulation. Abnormal behaviour can be improved with exogenous NANA. In the present study, the plasma NANA concentration has been measured in children with severe malnutrition and compared with that in controls.2. NANA was measured colorimetrically in the plasma of twenty-three severely malnourished children (mean age 11.43 (SD 6.05) months) before and after recovery, and in thirty-four controls (mean age 14.28 (SD 7.32) months). In thirteen of the malnourished children, NANA was measured after infections had been treated with a course of antibiotics.3. Mean plasma NANA concentration was significantly higher in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)(2.89 (SD 0,58)μmol/ml; n 23) compared with controls (2.13(SD 0.37)μmol/ml; n 34, P < 0.001). The levels remained high in PEM after infections had been treated (2.87(SD 0.43) μmol/ml, n 13) but returned to control levels at recovery from PEM (2.14(SD 0.24)μmol/ml).4. In contrast to the findings in rats, in malnourished children plasma NANA concentrations were not reduced and did not relate directly to nutritional state or, by inference, brain function. These findings do not provide any support for the use of exogenous NANA supplements to improve brain function in humans.

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38

Nerlekar, Ashish N. "Lectotypification of Jatropha nana (Euphorbiaceae) with notes on its threats, and the status of Jatropha nana var. benghalensis." Phytotaxa 213, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.2.10.

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Jatropha nana is an endemic and threatened taxon with restricted distribution. A lectotype for this name is designated in the present communication. Jatropha nana var. benghalensis was recently described as a new variety based on stipule morphology and size of the root. On examining specimens from the type locality, these characters were found to be present but also variable. Hence, J. nana var. benghalensis is proposed now as a synonym of J. nana. A critical taxonomic treatment for this species is provided along with notes on anthropogenic threats to the species in and around the type locality.

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39

Hulick, Jeanette. "Dance, Nana, Dance/ Baila, Nana, Baila: Cuban Folktales in English and Spanish (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 62, no. 5 (2009): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.0.0608.

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40

Mirjalali, H., E. B. Kia, B. Kamranrashani, H. Hajjaran, and M. Sharifdini. "Molecular analysis of isolates of the cestode Rodentolepis nana from the great gerbil, Rhombomys opimus." Journal of Helminthology 90, no. 2 (March 17, 2015): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x15000115.

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AbstractRodentolepis nana (syn. Hymenolepis nana) is a cyclophyllidean zoonotic enteric parasite with worldwide distribution. In humans, it is more prevalent in children, especially in temperate zones. A morphologically similar species of R. nana occurs in different rodents, including gerbils. In the present study molecular characterization of five isolates of R. nana from Rhombomys opimus in the Golestan Province (n= 2) and Razavi Khorasan Province (n= 3), both in north-eastern Iran, were analysed. After DNA extraction, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the R. nana isolates was amplified and sequenced, and genetic variation was analysed. Accordingly, two isolates from the Razavi Khorasan Province showed ITS2 signatures that differed from the isolates from the Golestan Province. The third isolate from Razavi Khorasan did not reveal these specific signatures, but exhibited sparse nucleotide polymorphisms in the ITS2 sequence. The ITS gene is conserved, and variation in this fragment could be an interesting subject for further inspection of existing variation in the genome of R. nana, among different domestic and wildlife host species and from different areas.

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Schott, Rena T., and Anita Roth-Nebelsick. "Ice nucleation in stems of trees and shrubs with different frost resistance." IAWA Journal 39, no. 2 (June 13, 2018): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20180201.

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AbstractIn this study, the ice nucleation activity (INA) and ice nucleation temperature (INT) as well as extracellular ice formation within the bark were determined for three woody species with different degrees of frost resistance, Betula nana, Betula albosinensis and Castanea sativa. Current-year stems and at least 2-year old stems of B. nana and C. sativa as well as current-year stems of B. albosinensis were compared, during summer (non-acclimated state) and winter (acclimated state), to evaluate possible ontogenetic and seasonal differences. Acclimated plant parts of the selected species revealed nearly similar results, with an INT from -7.52 to -8.43°C. The current-year stems of B. nana had a somewhat higher INT than the older stems. Microscopic analysis showed that extra-cellular ice formation occurred in the intercellular spaces within the bark of stems of B. nana, B. albosinensis and C. sativa. Size of the intercellular spaces of the bark were species-specific, and B. nana showed the largest intercellular space volume. While freezing behavior and extracellular ice formation thus followed principally the same pattern in all considered species, B. nana is obviously capable of dealing with large masses of extracellular ice which accumulate over extended periods of frost, making B. nana capable of protecting living tissue in colder regions from freezing damage.

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Anba-Mondoloni, Jamila, Stéphane Chaillou, Monique Zagorec, and Marie-Christine Champomier-Vergès. "Catabolism ofN-Acetylneuraminic Acid, a Fitness Function of the Food-Borne Lactic Acid Bacterium Lactobacillus sakei, Involves Two Newly Characterized Proteins." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 6 (January 18, 2013): 2012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03301-12.

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ABSTRACTIn silicoanalysis of the genome sequence of the meat-borne lactic acid bacterium (LAB)Lactobacillus sakei23K has revealed a repertoire of potential functions related to the adaptation of this bacterium to the meat environment. Among these functions, the ability to useN-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) as a carbon source could provide a competitive advantage for growth on meat in which this amino sugar is present. In this work, we proposed to analyze the functionality of a gene cluster encompassingnanTEARandnanK(nanTEAR-nanK). We established that this cluster encoded a pathway allowing transport and early steps of the catabolism of NANA in this genome. We also demonstrated that this cluster was absent from the genome of otherL. sakeistrains that were shown to be unable to grow on NANA. Moreover,L. sakei23KnanA,nanT,nanK, andnanEgenes were able to complementEscherichia colimutants. Construction of different mutants inL. sakei23K ΔnanR, ΔnanT, and ΔnanKand the double mutantL. sakei23K Δ(nanA-nanE) made it possible to show that all were impaired for growth on NANA. In addition, two genes located downstream fromnanK,lsa1644andlsa1645, are involved in the catabolism of sialic acid inL. sakei23K, as aL. sakei23K Δlsa1645mutant was no longer able to grow on NANA. All these results demonstrate that the gene clusternanTEAR-nanK-lsa1644-lsa1645is indeed involved in the use of NANA as an energy source byL. sakei.

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Jeong, Hee Gon, Man Hwan Oh, Byoung Sik Kim, Min Young Lee, Ho Jae Han, and Sang Ho Choi. "The Capability of Catabolic Utilization of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, a Sialic Acid, Is Essential for Vibrio vulnificus Pathogenesis." Infection and Immunity 77, no. 8 (June 1, 2009): 3209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00109-09.

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ABSTRACT N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, sialic acid) could provide a good substrate for enteropathogenic bacteria in the intestine, when the bacteria invade and colonize in human gut. In order to analyze the role of Neu5Ac catabolism in Vibrio vulnificus pathogenesis, a mutant with disruption of the nanA gene encoding Neu5Ac lyase was constructed by allelic exchanges. The nanA mutant was not able to utilize Neu5Ac as a sole carbon source and revealed an altered colony morphotype with reduced opacity in the presence of Neu5Ac. Compared to the wild type, the nanA mutant exhibited a low level of cytotoxicity toward INT-407 epithelial cells in vitro and reduced virulence in a mouse model. The disruption of nanA also resulted in a substantial decrease in histopathological damage in jejunum and colon tissues from the mouse intestine. These results indicated that NanA plays an important role in V. vulnificus pathogenesis. In addition, the nanA mutant was significantly diminished in growth with and adherence to INT-407 epithelial cells in vitro, and was defective for intestinal colonization, reflecting the impaired ability of the mutant to grow and survive with, persist in, and adhere to the intestine in vivo. Consequently, the combined results suggest that NanA and the capability of catabolic utilization of Neu5Ac contribute to V. vulnificus virulence by ensuring growth, adhesion, and survival during infection.

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Timon, Claire M., Arlene J. Astell, Faustina Hwang, Tim D. Adlam, Tom Smith, Lin Maclean, Daynor Spurr, Sarah E. Forster, and Elizabeth A. Williams. "The validation of a computer-based food record for older adults: the Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing (NANA) method." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 4 (January 29, 2015): 654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514003808.

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Dietary assessment in older adults can be challenging. The Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing (NANA) method is a touch-screen computer-based food record that enables older adults to record their dietary intakes. The objective of the present study was to assess the relative validity of the NANA method for dietary assessment in older adults. For this purpose, three studies were conducted in which a total of ninety-four older adults (aged 65–89 years) used the NANA method of dietary assessment. On a separate occasion, participants completed a 4 d estimated food diary. Blood and 24 h urine samples were also collected from seventy-six of the volunteers for the analysis of biomarkers of nutrient intake. The results from all the three studies were combined, and nutrient intake data collected using the NANA method were compared against the 4 d estimated food diary and biomarkers of nutrient intake. Bland–Altman analysis showed a reasonable agreement between the dietary assessment methods for energy and macronutrient intake; however, there were small, but significant, differences for energy and protein intake, reflecting the tendency for the NANA method to record marginally lower energy intakes. Significant positive correlations were observed between urinary urea and dietary protein intake using both the NANA and the 4 d estimated food diary methods, and between plasma ascorbic acid and dietary vitamin C intake using the NANA method. The results demonstrate the feasibility of computer-based dietary assessment in older adults, and suggest that the NANA method is comparable to the 4 d estimated food diary, and could be used as an alternative to the food diary for the short-term assessment of an individual's dietary intake.

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Robitaille, Gilles, Kwet-Fane Ng-Kwai-Hang, and Humberto G. Monardes. "Variation in the N-acetyl neuraminic acid content of bovine κ-casein." Journal of Dairy Research 58, no. 1 (February 1991): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900033550.

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SummaryA total of 555 milk samples was collected from 53 Holstein cows for 1 year. Samples were analysed for N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) content, κ-casein content and somatic cell count. The extent of glycosylation of κ-casein was estimated through the NANA content of κ-casein in each milk sample. The overall mean value for the NANA content was 63·6 ± 20 μg/mg of κ-casein with a range of 23–166 μg/mg. Least squares analysis showed significant (P < 0·01) effects of parity, test day, stage of lactation, phenotype for κ-casein, somatic cell count, and cow within phenotype. The NANA content of κ-casein decreased with increasing parity number and increased significantly when somatic cell count was above 200000 cells/ml. After reaching a minimum value between 2 and 3 months after calving, the NANA content of κ-casein increased during the later part of the lactation. NANA content was higher in the milk of cows phenotyped AB for κ-casein than for cows phenotyped for κ-casein AA, thus suggesting that B variant is more efficiently glycosylated than A variant.

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Plumbridge, Jacqueline, and Eric Vimr. "Convergent Pathways for Utilization of the Amino Sugars N-Acetylglucosamine,N-Acetylmannosamine, and N-Acetylneuraminic Acid by Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.1.47-54.1999.

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ABSTRACT N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) andN-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) are good carbon sources forEscherichia coli K-12, whereasN-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) is metabolized very slowly. The isolation of regulatory mutations which enhanced utilization of ManNAc allowed us to elucidate the pathway of its degradation. ManNAc is transported by the manXYZ-encoded phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporter producing intracellular ManNAc-6-P. This phosphorylated hexosamine is subsequently converted to GlcNAc-6-P, which is further metabolized by the nagBA-encoded deacetylase and deaminase of the GlcNAc-6-P degradation pathway. Two independent mutations are necessary for good growth on ManNAc. One mutation maps tomlc, and mutations in this gene are known to enhance the expression of manXYZ. The second regulatory mutation was mapped to the nanAT operon, which encodes the NANA transporter and NANA lyase. The combined action of thenanAT gene products converts extracellular NANA to intracellular ManNAc. The second regulatory mutation defines an open reading frame (ORF), called yhcK, as the gene for the repressor of the nan operon (nanR). Mutations in the repressor enhance expression of the nanAT genes and, presumably, three distal, previously unidentified genes,yhcJIH. Expression of just one of these downstream ORFs,yhcJ, is necessary for growth on ManNAc in the presence of an mlc mutation. The yhcJ gene appears to encode a ManNAc-6-P-to-GlcNAc-6-P epimerase (nanE). Another putative gene in the nan operon, yhcI, likely encodes ManNAc kinase (nanK), which should phosphorylate the ManNAc liberated from NANA by the NanA protein. Use of NANA as carbon source by E. coli also requires thenagBA gene products. The existence of a ManNAc kinase and epimerase within the nan operon allows us to propose that the pathways for dissimilation of the three amino sugars GlcNAc, ManNAc, and NANA, all converge at the step of GlcNAc-6-P.

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Uchiyama, Satoshi, Aaron F. Carlin, Arya Khosravi, Shannon Weiman, Anirban Banerjee, Darin Quach, George Hightower, Tim J. Mitchell, Kelly S. Doran, and Victor Nizet. "The surface-anchored NanA protein promotes pneumococcal brain endothelial cell invasion." Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 9 (August 17, 2009): 1845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090386.

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In humans, Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, a disease with high attributable mortality and frequent permanent neurological sequelae. The molecular mechanisms underlying the central nervous system tropism of SPN are incompletely understood, but include a primary interaction of the pathogen with the blood–brain barrier (BBB) endothelium. All SPN strains possess a gene encoding the surface-anchored sialidase (neuraminidase) NanA, which cleaves sialic acid on host cells and proteins. Here, we use an isogenic SPN NanA-deficient mutant and heterologous expression of the protein to show that NanA is both necessary and sufficient to promote SPN adherence to and invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs). NanA-mediated hBMEC invasion depends only partially on sialidase activity, whereas the N-terminal lectinlike domain of the protein plays a critical role. NanA promotes SPN–BBB interaction in a murine infection model, identifying the protein as proximal mediator of CNS entry by the pathogen.

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Brown, Laura J. E., Tim Adlam, Faustina Hwang, Hassan Khadra, Linda M. Maclean, Bridey Rudd, Tom Smith, Claire Timon, Elizabeth A. Williams, and Arlene J. Astell. "Computerized Self-Administered Measures of Mood and Appetite for Older Adults: The Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing Toolkit." Journal of Applied Gerontology 37, no. 2 (February 10, 2016): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464816630636.

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The “Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing” (NANA) toolkit is a computerized system for collecting longitudinal information about older adults’ health and behavior. Here, we describe the validation of six items for measuring older adults’ self-reported mood and appetite as part of the NANA system. In Study 1, 48 community-living older adults (aged 65-89 years) completed NANA measures of their current mood and appetite alongside standard paper measures, on three occasions, in a laboratory setting. In Study 2, 40 community-living older adults (aged 64-88 years) completed daily NANA measures of momentary mood and appetite in their own homes, unsupervised, alongside additional measures of health and behavior, over three 7-day periods. The NANA measures were significantly correlated with standard measures of mood and appetite, and showed stability over time. They show utility for tracking mood and appetite longitudinally, and for better understanding links with other aspects of health and behavior.

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Nelson, Brian. "Nana: Uses of the Female Body." Australian Journal of French Studies 38, no. 3 (September 2001): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.38.3.407.

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Nelson, Brian. "Driven to Excess: Nana and Consumerism." Australian Journal of French Studies 42, no. 2 (May 2005): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.42.2.185.

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