Journal articles: 'Nankin china'

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Berezkin, Rostislav, and †Boris L. Riftin. "The Earliest Known Edition of The Precious Scroll of Incense Mountain and the Connections Between Precious Scrolls and Buddhist Preaching." T’oung Pao 99, no. 4-5 (2013): 445–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-9945p0006.

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This article introduces a reprint made in Hanoi in 1772 of an undated Chinese edition, originally published in Nanjing, of The Precious Scroll of Incense Mountain (Xiangshan baojuan). This edition, called the “Nanjing redaction” in the article, was preserved only partially as a ritual manual in China. Yet it provides important evidence for determining the early date of production of the text. By comparing certain features in the Nanjing redaction and in other redactions that circulated in China, it can be established that the Nanjing redaction is the earliest known to us. Its significance within the history of the baojuan genre is discussed, with special attention paid to the unique form and content of the text. Cet article présente la réimpression, réalisée à Hanoï en 1772, d’une édition chinoise non datée, originellement publiée à Nankin, du Rouleau précieux de la Montagne de l’Encens (Xiangshan baojuan). Appelée “version de Nankin” dans l’article, cette édition n’a survécu que partiellement en Chine comme manuel de rituel. Elle fournit pourtant d’importants indices sur l’ancienneté de la composition du texte. En comparant certains aspects de la version de Nankin et d’autres versions ayant circulé en Chine, il est possible d’établir que la version de Nankin et la plus ancienne qui nous soit parvenue. Son importance dans l’histoire du genre baojuan fait l’objet d’un examen dans lequel une attention particulière est accordée à l’originalité de la forme et du contenu du texte.

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Arsanti, Teresa Retno. "The Gender Lenses of the Nanking Massacre and Its Aftermath to the China-Japan Relations." Jurnal Sentris 1, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v1i1.4133.100-111.

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Hubungan antara China dan Jepang telah mengalami berbagai dinamika terutama berkaitan dengan insiden Pembantaian Nanking (1937) pada masa perang dunia kedua. Berawal dari Pembantaian Nanking, lalu China yang lebih berfokus pada permasalahan internal hingga China yang meminta pertanggung jawaban Jepang atas Pembantaian Nanking. Berikut pula Jepang yang mengakui hingga menolak tuduhan China. Dalam tulisan ini dibahas hubungan China-Jepang mulai dari Pembantaian Nanking dalam Perang Dunia kedua hingga bagaimana kedua negara bersikap atas sejarah mengenai perempuan tersebut melalui perspektif dan konsep dalam feminisme.

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XU, GUANGQIU. "American-British Aircraft Competition in South China, 1926-1936." Modern Asian Studies 35, no. 1 (February 2001): 157–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x01003754.

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In the 1920s and 1930s China was racked by civil strife. Although the Nationalist government was established in Nanking in 1928, it exerted its power only in a small part of China, mainly in the lower Yangtze valley. When the Nanking government endeavored to unify China by force, the local warlords, who strove to maintain their own armies and bases, directed against this central government. Political divisions and tensions persisted between Nanking and the local governments until 1936.

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Xu, Guangqiu. "Anglo-American Rivalry for Military Aviation in Southern China in the 1930s." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 7, no. 3-4 (1998): 187–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656198793646031.

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AbstractIn the 1930s, the Nationalist government in Nanking faced two major problems: warlord rebellions and Japan’s invasion. Established in 1928, the Nationalist government led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek exerted power in North China after suppressing the rebellions in that area in 1930, but the local governments in South China maintained their own armies and bases largely directed against this central government. Political divisions and tensions persisted. In May 1931, the Canton authorities rebelled against the Nationalist government, and a new full-scale civil war seemed imminent. The Manchurian Incident and subsequent invasion and occupation of Manchuria by the Japanese Army served to bolster national patriotism against Japan and, in response to public pressure, the Nanking and Canton governments held a series of peace conferences. The Canton government was forced to abolish its “Nationalist Government,” yet Kwangtung and Kwangsi Provinces remained functionally independent of Nanking until 1936.

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Li, Yang-Han. "The Development and Future Trend of Weed Science in Mainland China." Weed Technology 1, no. 3 (July 1987): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029663.

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Professor Li has taught botany since 1940 at University of Nanking, Nanking, China, and weed science at Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, since 1964. He developed and taught the school's first weed science course and he presently teaches botany, crop plant anatomy, and weed identification and control. Under his direction, programs in weed quarantine and biological weed control have been instituted and supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Bureau of Education (present name: Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery). One of his prime targets has been the study of darnel and the biological control of dodder on soybeans. Professor Li is the supervisor of several graduate students for the Masters and Ph.D. degrees. While at Nanjing, he also has directed the establishment of the most complete herbarium of weeds and weed seeds in China. Currently, Professor Li is editing Weed Flora of China. In addition to publishing many weed texts and teaching short courses on weed identification and control within China, he is a member of the FAO Panel of Experts on Improved Weed Management.

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Coble, Parks M. "Chiang Kai-shek and the Anti-Japanese Movement in China: Zou Tao-fen and the National Salvation Association, 1931–1937." Journal of Asian Studies 44, no. 2 (February 1985): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2055924.

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AbstractsJapanese imperialism relentlessly besieged the Nationalist government of China during the Nanking decade. Chiang Kai-shek, believing that China was not ready to confront Japanese military power and obsessed with the desire to eliminate the Communists, adopted a policy of consistent appeasement toward the.Japanese. This enraged public opinion in urban China, and Zou Tao-fen, a popular journalist, led the cry for resistance to Japan. He and his associates were continually suppressed by the Nanking government; nevertheless, they published several journals in succession, each of which denounced Chiang's policy toward Japan and all of which achieved enormous circulation. Late in 1935 Zou and his followers helped organize the National Salvation Movement, which demanded that Chiang suspend the civil war against the Communists and fight the Japanese. When Chiang Kai-shek, acting under Japanese pressure, arrested Zou and the leaders of the association in 1936, they became national heroes, the legendary “Seven Gentlemen.” Zou's martyrdom and that of his associates transformed their movement into a powerful political force, one that opposed Chiang and increasingly favored the Chinese Communists.

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SEDGWICK, JAMES BURNHAM. "Memory on Trial: Constructing and Contesting the ‘Rape of Nanking’ at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 1946–1948." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 5 (September 2009): 1229–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x08003570.

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AbstractThe spectre of the 1937 ‘Rape of Nanking’ continues to haunt China and Japan. Sixty years ago in Tokyo, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) announced its definitive ‘judgement’ of what happened in Nanking. This judgement purported to be intractable. The legal process used to reach it produced a disputed picture instead. The resulting narrative confusion continues to inform how memory of Nanjing is shaped, used and contested. This paper explores the construction of ‘Rape of Nanking’ narratives at the IMTFE. By demonstrating the inherently contested nature of narratives produced by adversarial legal proceedings, it argues that using courts as a panacea for postwar restoration and as validators of traumatic narratives is both short-sighted and ineffective. The IMTFE exemplifies the inadequacy of trial-based post-conflict reconciliation. It is hoped that the lessons learned from Tokyo's limitations will benefit the ongoing quest for tenable models of international justice.

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HUANG, SI-YAO, TIAN-TIAN YU, XIAO-LING FAN, and MIN WANG. "Description of Moca austrasinensis sp. nov., with the first record of Imma lathidora Meyrick, 1914 from mainland China (Lepidoptera, Immidae)." Zootaxa 4674, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4674.3.5.

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Some new information on a poorly studied lepidopterous family, Immidae Heppner, 1977, is reported from Guangdong Province, in the southern part of mainland China. A new species, viz. Moca austrasinensis Huang & Wang sp. nov. is described from Mt. Wutong, Shenzhen. Imma lathidora Meyrick, 1914 is recorded in Mt. Nankun, Huizhou, representing the first record from mainland China. Adults and male genitalia of the species mentioned are illustrated.

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Rao, Can, Ru Cheng Wang, Frédéric Hatert, and Maxime Baijot. "Hydrothermal transformations of triphylite from the Nanping No. 31 pegmatite dyke, southeastern China." European Journal of Mineralogy 26, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2014/0026-2357.

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10

Lu, Hanchao. "Away from Nanking Road: Small Stores and Neighborhood Life in Modern Shanghai." Journal of Asian Studies 54, no. 1 (February 1995): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058952.

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As china's leading “treaty port” city, Shanghai has long been stereotyped as the prime bridgehead for foreign encroachment on China and as the most westernized city of the country (Tang and Shen 1989: introduction). Recent scholarship in the West still refers to Shanghai as “the other China,” “in China but not of it,” “a foreign city even in its own country” (Bergere 1981; Murphey 1992:346; Clifford 1991:9). In the first half of the twentieth century, was the influence of the West in Shanghai so strong that the city was alienated from the rest of China? Was Shanghai firmly in the grip of modernization, which in China was often associated with a tendency to change toward things Western? Or, alternatively, was Shanghai home to a strong and vibrant current of traditionalism, a traditionalism that can be equated with continuity or persistence of things indigenously Chinese? The answers to these questions can be very diverse, depending in large measure on the dimensions one chooses to examine. Most of our assumptions and judgments on this issue have been drawn from broad and sweeping political or economic perspectives with little attention paid to the everyday lives of ordinary people. How the common people continued to live their everyday lives is, I believe, most relevant to the question of the impact of modernity (or of the West) upon urban China.

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Xia, Xiaoting, Guangyun Huang, Zihao Wang, Junli Sun, Zhuyue Wu, Ningbo Chen, Chuzhao Lei, and Quratulain Hanif. "Mitogenome Diversity and Maternal Origins of Guangxi Cattle Breeds." Animals 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010019.

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Guangxi Province is located in the southernmost region of China, adjacent to the hotspot that is considered to be the putative migratory corridor or domestication area for Chinese indicine cattle. Here, we investigated the evolutionary status of Guangxi native breeds, Longlin (n = 21), Nandan (n = 18), and Weizhou cattle (n = 17) using mitogenome sequencing. Our results show that Bos indicus sub-haplogroup I1a predominates in Guangxi cattle breeds. Population structure by multidimensional-scaling analysis significantly differentiates Weizhou from the other two breeds (Longlin and Nandan). Moreover, the mtDNA haplotype composition and FST values indicate that the formation of Longlin and Nandan breeds may have been affected by Indian indicine, whereas, Weizhou island might have preserved pure Chinese indicine cattle due to its geographical isolation. We speculate that following the initial entry of zebu into southern China, the subsequent introgression of Indian indicine may have influenced the matrilineal origin of local breeds in southwestern China.

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Yang, Zhuming, Renkui Song, Kejie Tao, and Peishan Zhang. "Columbite-tantalite minerals from Nanping granitic pegmatites, South China: compositional trends and genetic implications." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte 2003, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0363.

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13

Parry-Jones, William Li. "Psychiatry in the People's Republic of China." British Journal of Psychiatry 148, no. 6 (June 1986): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.6.632.

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In the spring of 1985, a party of psychiatrists from Great Britain and Ireland visited four major Chinese cities—Beijing (Peking), Shanghai, Nanjing (Nanking) and Guangzhou (Canton), as a study tour of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, under the auspices of the Chinese Medical Association. A number of psychiatric hospitals were visited and there was opportunity for many discussions with psychiatrists and other professional staff. This paper records some impressions of the psychiatric services and practices that were observed, together with material obtained in discussions. It is hoped that it will update and complement previous reports by Western visitors to China, and thus increase understanding of mental health in China.

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Zhao, Xiao Fan, and Jia Bao Wang. "Fitness Evaluation for Residential Land in a Mountainous Town." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.1170.

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Nanfen is a mountainous town in East Liaoning of China, where plenty of industrial and mining enterprises were allocated. Suitability evaluation on residential land in Nanfen was of importance for local resident living. Evaluation results indicated the most suitable, sub suitable, barely suitable and unsuitable area for residential land was 208.08 km2, 169.95 km2, 149.51 km2 and 91.46 km2, respectively. Spatially, the most suitable areas were mainly distributed in Sishanling town, and sub suitable, barely suitable and unsuitable areas were chiefly located in Xiamatang town. Residential land in Nanfen should be unified and reallocated to better residents living environment.

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Fadillah, Dani, Zalik Nuryana, and Sularso. "Public Opinion of the facial recognition policy in China by Indonesian Student in Nanjing City." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 28, 2020): 1645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201272.

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16

Brook, Timothy. "The Tokyo Judgment and the Rape of Nanking." Journal of Asian Studies 60, no. 3 (August 2001): 673–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700106.

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The japanese assault on the city of nanking in December 1937 was one of many incidents that the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE, 1946–48) examined in the course of judging the wartime leaders of Japan. What was referred to at the time as the “Rape of Nanking” has in the last several decades become a controversial marker of Chinese identity as well as a source of potent disagreement among Japanese over their nation's history as a colonial power in East Asia. Within this controversy, the IMTFE trial in Tokyo has been used as a touchstone to confirm and deny all manner of claims concerning the incident. Those who feel aggrieved over Japan's conduct toward China cite the evidence produced at the trial to authenticate the scale and brutality of the massacre (Eykholt 2000, 19–23). Those who feel that Japan and the emperor system have been unfairly blamed for the war in East Asia scour the trial proceedings for failures of logic and evidence that demonstrate to their satisfaction that the “Tokyo trial view of history” is nothing but anti-Japanese distortion and fabrication (Yoshida 2000, 111–14). For both sides, the Tokyo judgment is fuel for ideological fire.

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17

Zhou, Sophie. "The T/Daos shall meet: The failure and success of English transliterations of Mandarin Chinese." English Today 35, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078417000578.

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When a Canadian exchange student returns home from a semester abroad in the capital city of China, she might tell her friends that she had Peking duck every day, but she would never, as a 21st-century liberal arts student, say that she stayed in Peking for a semester. Rather, she would say Beijing, as would most English speakers in the present day. But such discrepancies between English transliterations of Chinese words are far from uncommon. Is it the Nanking Massacre or the Nanjing Massacre? Who is the author ofTao Te Ching: Lao-Tzu or Laozi? What, then, is theDaodejing? This paper will focus on the English representation of Mandarin Chinese phonology, particularly the consonant sounds. The inconsistency of English transliteration of Mandarin is caused by historical exchanges and encounters between the British and the Chinese and a lack of a monolithic standardization of Mandarin. Paradoxically, while these transliterations attempt to unify and standardize themselves and the representation of Mandarin sounds, they simultaneously represent the concept of a diverse Mandarin.

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Yang, H. Y., Z. J. Liu, S. Luo, and L. L. Li. "First Report of Apple stem pitting virus Infecting Nanking Cherry in China." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-16-1664-pdn.

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Coblin, South W. "A sample of eighteenth century spoken Mandarin from North China." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 32, no. 2 (December 15, 2003): 195–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028_032_02-03.

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The Chinese dialogues in the Qīngwén qĭméng, a Manchu textbook for Chinese readers, provide an extended sample of spoken northern Guānhuà from the mid-eighteenth century. And one version of this text, to be examined here, adds Manchu transcriptional forms for the Chinese text. In the present paper certain phonological, lexical and syntactic features of the form of Chinese underlying the text are examined with specific reference to the development of northern Guānhuà as a koine and to the relationship of this koine to its more prestigious counterpart, the southern Guānhuà of the Nanking area. The paper ends with some thoughts about the route followed by northern Guānhuà as it became the dominant koiné variety during the nineteenth century.

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Pei, Rogfu, Cong Peng, and Qunyao Xun. "Deep tectonic processes and superaccumulations of metals in Mesozoic intracontinental orogenic belt of Nanling metallogenic province,China." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 7, no. 3-4 (June 28, 2001): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/7/2001/183.

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21

Renjie, Zhang. "Zlichovian–Givetian bivalve fauna from the planktonic facies (Nandan Facies) of Nandan, Guangxi, South China." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008881.

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A large amount of pteriomorphs of bivalve have been found in the Zlichovian–Givetian black mudstone-siltpelite in the trough in basin facies-zone of Luofu, Nandan, northwest Guangxi, South China. This fauna consists of 20 species, placed in 11 genera and 6 families, of which 1 family, 2 genera and 8 species are new. It has a very low diversity while compared with the contemperaneous fauna of Xiangzhou facies. This fauna is characterized by: a. Only 2 subclasses, the Pteriomorphia and Cryptodonta of 6 subclasses of Bivalvia were presented in the Nandan facies fauna; b. Among the occurred 6 families: Praecardiidae, Antipleuridae, Lunulacardiidae, Pterineidae, Posidoniidae, and Guangxiconchiidae, the Guangxiconchiidae (fam. nov.) is the most falourishing one. About 80% of individuals of bivalves belong to it. In contrast, the Pterineidae which was very flourish in the Xiangzhou facies, is represented by a small amount of specimens. In the generic level, the Guangxiconcha is mostly developed and distributed from Zlichovian to Givetian; c. This is a basically cosmopolitan fauna, and may compare with the contemperaneous bivalve fauna of the same facies of western Europe and North America. Among 11 genera of this fauna, 7 genera: Ptychopteria(Actinopteria), Cheiopteria, Pterochaenia, Posidonia, Lunulacardium and Buchiola are the cosmopolitan or basically cosmopolitan taxa, while Guangxiconcha, Nandannia and Opisthonia are the endemics to South China. 62% of the species are the endemics; d. This fauna is dominated by the small-sized, thin-shalled and fragile taxa. Except for Buchiola and Ptychopteria, most taxa are ornamented by fine concentrical line, or acrossed by very weakly radial line; e. About 54% of taxa and 90% of total individuals of this fauna may be the byssal attached epifauna, most of them may be the pseudoplanktonic bivalves.Seven bivalve zones of Zlichovian–Givetian of Nandan, Guangxi have been recognized, and compared with the associated tentaculitid zones.

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Jordan, Donald A. "The Place of Chinese Disunity in Japanese Army Strategy during 1931." China Quarterly 109 (March 1987): 42–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100001746x.

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The aggressive action of Japan's Kwantung Army in 1931 is widely known. Its armed takeover of most of Manchuria from a conglomeration of Chinese forces which greatly outnumbered the Japanese, points to a weakness in China's defences other than that of numbers. None of the various Chinese armies was as modern in firepower or as well supplied logistically as Japan's crack army in Manchuria. The disarray within the Chinese Government of Nanjing (Nanking) that was obvious in mid 1931 also tempted the adventurous field officers of the Kwantung Army (KA). These veteran officers with years of duty in China, decided, from their reading of the situation in China as well as in Japan and the West, to act on 18 September 1931 rather than make further preparations as recommended in Tokyo.

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Zhao, Xiao Fan, Chao Zhang, Li Min Dai, Dong Ben Lian, Ning Wang, Da Pao Yu, Li Zhou, and Wang Ming Zhou. "Variation in Ecosystem Services Value in a Typical Mountain Town, Liaohe Watershed, China." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.808.

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This study investigated variation in ecosystem services value in response to land use change in Nanfen District of Benxi City, a typical mountain town in Liaohe watershed, China. We used two Landsat TM data sets (1995, 2006) to estimate changes in the size of seven land use categories, and we used the most recently published value equivalent to estimate changes in the values of ecosystem services. The total value of ecosystem services in Nanfen District was 1294.1 million Yuan in 1995 and 1293.49 million Yuan in 2006, with a decrease of 568.3 thousand Yuan mainly due to the declining areas of cropland, water body and wetland. We concluded that future local land use plan should give priority to the conservation of these ecosystems, in order to promote and maintain the balance of local ecosystem.

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ZHANG, DONG, and GEXIA QIAO. "Mollitrichosiphum Suenaga from China (Hemiptera: Aphididae), with the description of one new species." Zootaxa 2608, no. 1 (September 10, 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2608.1.1.

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The genus Mollitrichosiphum Suenaga from China is reviewed, the diagnostic features of the genus are given, and a key to the known Chinese species is given. Eutrichosiphum alnisuctum Zhang is a new junior synonym of Mollitrichosiphum nandii Basu. Mollitrichosiphum nigrum sp. nov. is described from Meliosma, Ailanthus and Elaeagnus in Fujian and Guangxi, China. Mollitrichosiphum (Metatrichosiphon) rhusae Ghosh is recorded for the first time from China. Some hitherto unknown morphs of Mollitrichosiphum are described. New data on distributions and host plants are reported for the genus. The specimens studied are deposited in National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Natural History Museum, London.

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LIN, YUCHENG, and SHUQIANG LI. "New armored spiders of the family Tetrablemmidae from China." Zootaxa 2440, no. 1 (April 29, 2010): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2440.1.2.

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Five new species of the family Tetrablemmidae, occurring in the southern China, are described and illustrated: i.e., Lehtinenia arcus sp. nov., Shearella sanya sp. nov. from tropical shrub in Hainan Island, and Indicoblemma cruxi sp. nov., Singaporemma bifurcata sp. nov., Tetrablemma nandan sp. nov. from caves of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The genera Indicoblemma, Shearella and Singaporemma are reported in China for the first time. All type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.

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Wilmes, Raffael. "Japans Kriegsverbrechen in China. Umgang und Erinnerung mit den Gräueltaten der Einheit 731 und dem Massaker von Nanking." historia.scribere, no. 9 (June 9, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.9.565.

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The following seminar-paper analyzes war crimes committed by the Ishii network during World War 2. Additionally, the Nanking massacre of 1937 is briefly portrayed. To understand the cruelty of these crimes it is important to scratch beneath the surface and comprehend the motivation and the Japanese world view. Furthermore, this paper shows how Japan has been dealing with its past since the end of the war. Finally, the main aim is to explain why these Japanese war crimes should be categorized as genocide according to the UN definition.

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Kefei, Wang, and Shouyi Fan. "Translation in China: A Motivating Force." Meta 44, no. 1 (October 2, 2002): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004591ar.

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Résumé Au cours de ses 5000 ans d'histoire, la Chine a connu quatre différentes vagues d'activité traductionnelle. La première a commencé avec la traduction des classiques bouddhistes par des moines d'Inde et d'Asie centrale et par des moines chinois à l'aise tant avec ces doctrines qu'avec le sanscrit. La traduction des écrits bouddhiques s'étale sur plus de 1000 ans (à partir de la fin de la dynastie Han) et a laissé des traces indélébiles sur la religion, la philosophie et la vie sociale en Chine. La deuxième vague de traduction débute à la fin de la dynastie Ming (fin du xvie siècle) quand les missionnaires jésuites arrivèrent de l'Occident pour prêcher le catholicisme et enseigner la science et la technologie. La signature imposée du traité de Nanking marque le début de la troisième vague qui se caractérise par la traduction d'ouvrages de sciences sociales, de science militaire et de littérature. Enfin, la dernière vague commence à la fin des années 1950, elle est interrompue par la révolution culturelle et reprend à la fin des années 1970. Dans un certain sens, la traduction a donné au pays une impulsion vers le progrès.

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Zhao, Xiao Fan, and Yu Han. "Assessment on Industrial Land-Use Fitness in a Resource Based Town." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 1148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.1148.

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Suitability of industrial land use in Nanfen District of Benxi City, a famous industrial-mining town in China, was evaluated in terms of niche fitness model. Results indicated the most suitable, sub suitable, barely suitable and unsuitable area for industrial land use in Nanfen was 91.23 km2, 182.72 km2, 182.08 km2 and 162.97 km2, respectively. Spatially, the most suitable and sub suitable areas were mainly distributed in urban area, and barely suitable areas were chiefly located in Xiamatang town, however, unsuitable areas were mostly scattered in Sishanling town. Industrial activity should be arranged in the most suitable area, so as to match actual resource niche and minimize environmental pollution and ecological damage.

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Wai-Chor, So. "The Origins of the ‘Wang—Chiang Cooperation’ in 1932." Modern Asian Studies 25, no. 1 (February 1991): 175–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00015882.

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In January 1932 Wang Ching-wei and Chiang Kai-shek came to an agreement and formed a joint leadership in the Kuomintang (KMT) Government. The alliance between the two men lasted until December 1938 when Wang defected to the Japanese side during the Sino-Japanese War. Chinese historians often term this period as the era of ‘Wang-Chiang cooperation’ (Wang Chiang ho-tso). In fact, this was not the first time when these two men came to ally with each other in the party. The first time when Wang and Chiang formed a joint leadership was in August 1925 after the assassination of Liao Chung-k'ai. The death of Liao at that time had great repercussions throughout the party and both Wang and Chiang eventually emerged as the beneficiaries in the ensuing power struggle; for a time they jointly ruled the party. However, this alliance did not last long. The outbreak of the March Twentieth Incident in 1926 made Wang Ching-wei decide to let Chiang have his way and he later led a self-imposed exiled life in Europe. It was not until April 1927 when the KMT was seriously divided on the communist issue that Wang went back to China. Immediately after that was a split in the party with Wuhan and Nanking as the two rival centres, each of which claimed to be the legitimate Party Central. Wang and Chiang respectively became the leaders of these two Party Centrals.

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Pozhilova, N. A. "LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR FINANCING SCIENCE (RESEARCH), TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION IN CHINA." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.68.4.183-190.

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It seems possible to consider the features of the “eastern” approach to the procedure for fi nancing scientific and technical research using the example of the current regulation of state support for these areas in China. A set of measures to fi nance science, technology and innovation in China, among other things, has now led to what is commonly called the “Asian miracle”, including due to reasonable measures for balanced support of research teams, research institutes and the establishment of a clear administration system.

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31

Zhao, Hanqing, Shihong Zhang, Jikai Ding, Linxi Chang, Qiang Ren, Haiyan Li, Tianshui Yang, and Huaichun Wu. "New geochronologic and paleomagnetic results from early Neoproterozoic mafic sills and late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic successions in the eastern North China Craton, and implications for the reconstruction of Rodinia." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 3-4 (July 17, 2019): 739–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35198.1.

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Abstract The interval from the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic is generally considered as a critical time for the amalgamation of Rodinia. The location of the North China Craton (NCC) in Rodinia remains contentious and demands greater paleomagnetic constraints. A combined geochronologic and paleomagnetic study was conducted on the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic rocks in the eastern NCC. Three sills were dated at ca. 945 Ma and one at ca. 920 Ma through use of the zircon U-Pb secondary ion mass spectroscopy method. Paleomagnetic investigation revealed no significant discrepancy between these sills. A positive baked-contact test, secular variation test and presence of reversals together support the primary origin interpretation for the remnant magnetization. A high-quality pole at (28.2 °S, 141.9 °E, A95 = 10.4°) was thus obtained by averaging our new results and a virtual geomagnetic pole previously reported for a ca. 920 Ma sill in the region. These Neoproterozoic sills intruded the successions that contain correlative strata that are named Nanfen, Xinxing, and Liulaobei formations in Liaoning, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces, respectively. The Nanfen Formation and its equivalents are constrained between ca. 1120 and ca. 945 Ma by detrital zircons and the well-dated mafic sills. The paleomagnetic inclinations observed from the lower parts of the Nanfen, Xinxing, and Liulaobei formations are notably steep. The corresponding poles from these rock units are consistent and averaged at 38.6 °N, 136.7 °E (A95 = 3.2°). The quality of this pole is strengthened by a positive reversal test and its distinctiveness from the younger poles of the NCC. In the middle part of the Nanfen Formation, however, the paleomagnetic directions are characterized by moderate inclinations, being significantly different from those in the lower part of the Nanfen Formation and its equivalents. The calculated pole for the upper part of the Lower Member of the Nanfen Formation is at 8.0 °N, 128.5 °E (A95 = 7.9°). Another pole obtained from the Middle Member of the Nanfen Formation is at 11.2 °S, 127.7 °E (A95 = 8.5°). These two poles also differ from the younger poles of the NCC and likely represent the primary remanences. Our new results, together with the existing global paleomagnetic data and geological evidence, aided by the “right-way-up” connection model between Laurentia and Baltica in Rodinia, support a NCC–NW Laurentia connection between ca. 1120 and 890 Ma.

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32

Sun, Huo Ran, Shu Hong Wang, Shuai Xu, and Wen Lin Chen. "Blast Performance and Its Assessment on Excavation Damaged Zone of Anisotropic Rock." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 1205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.1205.

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The 290 level cave is situated in Nanfen Surface Mine, Liaoning, China. Nanfen surface mine is one of the biggest iron ore in Benxi Iron Company. The base line of the pit bottom has reached 346m level in Nanfen surface mine. The importance of in situ assessment of stability of the 290 level cave for next mining design and construction has been met. Investigation at the Nanfen Surface Mine has shown that damage exists around 290 level cave and that the damage develops from the energy imparted to the rock by the excavation method and by redistribution of the in situ stress field around the 290 level cave. Subsequent near-by excavations, removal of loose material from the existing cave and pore pressure changes will all influence the development and extent of rock damage, as does the rock type and its fabric. Based on the engineering characters and rock mechanics, the main characteristics of stress induced brittle failure of the site are introduced. Various evaluation and measures are sought to stabilize the over-stressed rock mass. The induced anisotropic damage process was modeled. The major results from numerical analysis of the cavern are presented and validated by direct comparison with actual monitoring data. Next, an optimization study was conducted with the experimentally validated and adjusted mathematical model, measured with a recorder within such a cave. And the stability of the 290 level cave in Nanfen Surface Mine was analysis. As a result, the model is expected to be a useful tool for simulation, design, and optimization of pasteurization tunnels. A suitable support measure was proposed and taken.

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33

Ye, Zhen, Wangwei Lin, Neshat Safari, and Charanjit Singh. "Controlling insider dealing through criminal enforcement in China." Journal of Financial Crime 27, no. 4 (June 26, 2020): 1061–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-05-2020-0089.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the criminal enforcement of insider dealing cases in People's Republic of China's (PRC) securities market and to provide feasible suggestions for improvement for a more coherent and streamlined insider dealing regulatory framework in the PRC during the enforcement of China's new Securities Law (SL 2020) in March 2020. Design/methodology/approach Through analysing the previous literature on public interest theories and economic theories of regulation, this paper examines the necessity to regulate insider dealing in China with criminal law to ensure fairness and avoid monopolies in its securities market. The paper reviews the criminalising of severe insider dealing cases in China from the Nanking National Government in the 1920s to the inception of the securities market of the PRC in the 1990s to the present day. The investigation, prosecution, enforcement and trial of criminal offences of insider dealing in China are thoroughly examined. Findings The paper finds a tendency for over reliance on the investigation and the administrative judgement of the China Securities Regulatory Commission in criminal investigation, prosecution and trial in the PRC. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first papers to critically and thoroughly analyse the criminal enforcement of insider dealing in China following the recent enforcement of China’s new Securities Law in March 2020.

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34

Chen, Li. "Law, Empire, and Historiography of Modern Sino-Western Relations: A Case Study of theLady HughesControversy in 1784." Law and History Review 27, no. 1 (2009): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000001644.

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From 1843 to 1943, the regime of extraterritoriality in China operated to exempt not just diplomats but also other citizens of Western empires from Chinese law and jurisdiction without granting the Chinese in the West reciprocal privileges. This was a milestone in international law and relations; it also had a long-lasting impact on the trajectories of modern Chinese history. On the one hand, the Treaties of Nanking (Nanjing) in 1842 and Bogue (Humen) in 1843, signed in the aftermath of the First Opium War (1839–42), marked the first institutionalization of British extraterritorial privileges in East Asia. Through treaties in 1844, the United States and France also secured such privileges in China and established their imperial prestige in the Asia-Pacific. These practices prompted revision of international law treatises and set the pattern for Western dealings with Asian countries for the century to come. On the other hand, from the late nineteenth century on, attempts to abolish foreign extraterritoriality continued to be a most powerful rallying call among the Chinese to “modernize”/“Westernize” their legal and political systems to regain sovereignty and international respectability.

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35

Lyu, Zhi-Tong, Zhao-Chi Zeng, Jian Wang, Chao-Yu Lin, Zu-Yao Liu, and Ying-Yong Wang. "Resurrection of genus Nidirana (Anura: Ranidae) and synonymizing N. caldwelli with N. adenopleura, with description of a new species from China." Amphibia-Reptilia 38, no. 4 (2017): 483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003130.

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The taxonomy of Babina sensu lato was controversial in the past decades. In this study, the phylogeny of genus Babina sensu lato was re-constructed based on genetic analysis, morphological comparison and advertisement call analysis. We found that Babina sensu stricto and previous subgenus Nidirana should be two distinct genera in the family Ranidae. N. caldwelli is confirmed to be a synonym of N. adenopleura because of the small genetic divergence and the lack of distinct morphological differences. A new species, Nidirana nankunensis sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mt. Nankun, Guangdong Province, China, which can be distinguished from other known congeners by having a behavior of nest construction, distinctive advertisement calls, significant divergence in the mitochondrial genes, and a combination of morphological characters. Currently, the genus Babina contains two species and the genus Nidirana contains eight species.

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36

Bickers, R. A. "Death of a Young Shanghailander: The Thorburn Case and the Defence of the British Treaty Ports in China in 1931." Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 2 (May 1996): 271–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00016474.

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On June 4th 1931 the North China Daily News—the principal British owned English-language newspaper in Shanghai published a small report on page 12 headed ‘Alleged crime by foreigner: Shooting affair on the Nanking railway: Held by military authorities’ This went on to state a Russian had been arrested for the murder of two Chinese gendarmes on the 1st of June at 10pm. He had been challenged as a prelude to a search but had fired on them and escaped having fatally wounded two men. The following morning a ‘suspicious looking foreigner’ had been arrested in the vicinity and was still being held in custody. The source of this story was the previous day's Shenbao, the leading Shanghai Chinese newspaper which had picked up the story from the Suzhou press. The Russian's name was given as Xi si ke tuo qu luo—which might be transliterated as ‘Sea Scout’, for reasons which will become clear.

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37

Guo, Wen, Ting Nie, and Yuanlin Sun. "Lower Emsian (Lower Devonian) conodont succession in Nandan County, Guangxi Province, South China." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 289, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0745.

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38

WANG, JIAN, ZHAO-CHI ZENG, ZHI-TONG LYU, ZU-YAO LIU, and YING-YONG WANG. "Description of a new species of Gracixalus (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Guangdong Province, southeastern China." Zootaxa 4420, no. 2 (May 16, 2018): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4420.2.7.

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A new species of tree frog, G. guangdongensis sp nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from Dawuling Forest Station, Mount Nankun and Nanling Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province, southeastern China. The new species is distinguished from all known congeners by a significant genetic divergence at the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene fragment examined (p-distance ≥ 4.6%) and the following combination of morphological characters: relatively small body size (SVL 26.1–34.7 mm in adult males, 34.9–35.4 mm in adult females); upper eyelid and dorsum lacking spines; supratympanic fold and tympanum distinct; dorsal and lateral surface rough, sparsely scattered with tubercles; ventral skin granular; tibiotarsal projection absent; toe-webbing moderately developed, finger webbing rudimentary; heels slightly overlapping when flexed hindlimbs are held at right angles to the body axis; brown to beige above, with an inverse Y-shaped dark brown marking extendeing from the interorbital region to the centre of the dorsum; males with a single subgular vocal sac and protruding nuptial pads with minute granules on the dorsal surface of the base of first finger. The discovery and description of Gracixalus guangdongensis sp. nov. represents the 14th species known in this genus.

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39

Du, Ping, Wu Fang, and Xue-Mei Tian. "Three new species of Junghuhnia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China." MycoKeys 72 (August 14, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.72.51872.

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In this study, taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of Junghuhnia were performed. Three new species were characterised according to morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS and nLSU sequences. They are J. austrosinensissp. nov., J. nandinaesp. nov. and J. subcollabenssp. nov.Junghuhnia austrosinensis is characterised by resupinate, thin basidiomata with white to buff-yellow hymenophore, small pores (9–11 per mm), clamped generative hyphae possessing hymenial cystidia, ellipsoid basidiospores (2.5–3 × 1.7–2 µm) and growth on fallen bamboo or angiosperm branch. Junghuhnia nandinae is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with pink to salmon pores and a distinct white margin, clamp generative hyphae, interwoven tramal hyphae, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 2.6–3.2 × 1.8–2 µm and growth on Nandina domestica. Junghuhnia subcollabens is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with pale salmon to brownish vinaceous hymenophore, small pores (10–12 per mm), generative hyphae with simple septa and clamp connections, interwoven tramal hyphae, lunate basidiospores measuring 2.9–3.4 × 1.6–1.8 µm and thriving on rotten wood of angiosperms.

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40

Li, Y. L., Z. Zhou, and Z. B. Yan. "First Report of Colletotrichum karstii Causing Anthracnose on Nandina domestica in Henan Province, China." Plant Disease 102, no. 2 (February 2018): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-17-0974-pdn.

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41

Wang, Ende, Changik Han, Jianming Xia, and Sunggi Yun. "Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of Chlorite Amphibolite in Nanfen BIF, Benxi Area, Northeastern China." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 03, no. 05 (2015): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2015.35007.

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42

Nikulina, T. M., D. P. Kurunina, and E. S. Maslennikova. "GENETIC SOURCES AND NEW SOURCE MATERIAL FOR BREEDING PUMPKINS IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (July 27, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-4-39-43.

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The results of the research work carried out during the period 2015-2017 are outlined. on the practical selection of pumpkin in the conditions of the Volgograd Transvolga. The results of studying the assortment of pumpkin varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in collection nurseries are presented. The most promising samples adapted to local soil and climatic conditions have high productivity (Sviteny, Chino, Marina di Chioggia, Silber Bell (USA), Kham (Laos), image (Spain), Local (Kazakhstan), Gribovskaya winter, Teshchenka , Zucchini Malchugan, and the quality of the fruit: (Chino, Chirimen nankin (Japan), Cachi JNTA (Argentina), Mantova Uyghur (Kazakhstan), Duchess, Vega F1, Sweetie, Pampushka, Green Warted Habbard (USA). A new hybrid material was obtained, an estimation of its productivity of consumer achestv, stability to bio- and abiotic factors. accessions selected promising superior standards major ecological and morphological and economically valuable traits. The characteristics of the best selected hybrid combinations are given in comparison with the standards. The most productive are hybrid combinations: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Sweet x Elegant, Local (Kirghizia) x Zorka, zucchini Mountain Anchor. The yield of these samples exceeds the standards by 13.3-92.2%. The quality of the fruit is distinguished by the hybrids: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Marina di Chioggia, Pampushka x Elegant, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Zaslavia x POOS6-07, Zorka x Oreshek, Altair x Elegant. The content of dry substances in the fruits of these samples is 2.0-8.8% higher than the standards.

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43

Liu, Yucheng, Chuansheng Wang, Yutong Chun, Luxin Yang, Wei Chen, and Jack Ding. "A Novel Method in Surface Water Quality Assessment Based on Improved Variable Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 4314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224314.

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In the case of surface water pollution, it is important and necessary to accurately assess the level of contaminated water and ensure the safety of drinking water for people in disaster areas during floods. However, for the assessment of the strict requirements of drinking water, traditional assessment methods still have some limitations, such as low precision and rationality. In order to overcome these limitations, in the light of the theory of set pair analysis and variable fuzzy set, we propose an improved variable fuzzy set pair analysis method (IVFSPA), which combines the analysis framework of variable fuzzy set and set pair analysis, and has made some improvements to the fusion architecture. Firstly, we present a novel game theory comprehensive weighting method, in which the objective entropy method and the subjective analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method employed to obtain the reasonable weight. Then, based on the Nemerow index method, we improve the arithmetic form of “ P i ” (Equation P) to replace the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Furthermore, we design a double judgment mode of combining the principle of maximum membership degree with the positive and negative relationship between the standard value and the measured value, which can accurately judge the evaluation level of surface water quality. Finally, to validate and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments was conducted at the representative river collection sections of Nanking, China, employing water quality data of 14 sampling sections in their rivers in Nanking during the 2017 flood. In terms of performance metcrics of precision and rationality, based on the values of “TP”, “NH3-N”, “Pb”, “AS” and “KMnO4” of “Ch-lh section/Chuhe gate” are 0.415, 3.77, 0.07, 0.23 and 7.12, respectively, the level of Ch-lh section/Chuhe gate is that the IVFSPA is Class V and the rest are class IV. Results of experiments show that our IVFSPA method can achieve a good performance, compared with other traditional methods.

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44

LI, XU, XING-JIN CHE, and WEI ZHOU. "Loaches of Homatula (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from the upper Salween River in Yunnan, China with description of three new species." Zootaxa 4711, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 330–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.6.

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Seven loaches of Homatula are distributed in a narrow geographical area between the upper Black River (or Song Da in Vietnam, that is a major tributary of the Red River, including the tributaries Lixian-jiang and Tengtiao-jiang in Yunnan, China) and the upper Salween River drainage (including tributaries of the Nu-jiang and Nanding-he, the latter is a major tributary of the Salween River in Yunnan, China). These seven species are distinguished from other Homatula by the combination of having the body densely-scaled, the lateral line complete, and a short adipose crest along the dorsal midline of the caudal peduncle that does not reach the posterior end of anal-fin base or does not extend beyond the middle of the anal-fin base. Based on a comparison with the described species of the densely-scaled group of Homatula, we can confirm that the specimens collected from the Nu-jiang drainage in western Yunnan are different from known species and are described herein as Homatula anteridorsalis sp. nov., Homatula cryptoclathrata sp. nov., and Homatula nigra sp. nov.

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45

Wei, M. S., J. Kong, G. F. Li, and J. Ma. "First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus Subgroup II in Heavenly Bamboo (Nandina domestica) in China." Plant Disease 99, no. 8 (August 2015): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-15-0185-pdn.

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46

Guo, Guanghui, Bo Song, Deshang Xia, Zijie Yang, and Fopeng Wang. "Metals and metalloids in PM10 in Nandan County, Guangxi, China, and the health risks posed." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 40, no. 5 (March 16, 2018): 2071–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0083-2.

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47

Rose, Caroline. "Takashi Yoshida (ed): The Making of the “Rape of Nanking”: History and Memory in Japan, China, and the United States." East Asia 24, no. 1 (May 30, 2007): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12140-007-9007-y.

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48

Shuyong, Liu. "Hong Kong: A Survey of its Political and Economic Development over the Past 150 Years." China Quarterly 151 (September 1997): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100004683x.

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Hong Kong has been part of Chinese territory since ancient times. Before the British occupation, Hong Kong had achieved considerable development in agriculture, fisheries, the salt industry, transportation, cultural undertakings and education. It was by no means a desolate and barren land at that time. British troops occupied Hong Kong Island on 25 January 1841 during the Opium War. In August 1842, the British government formally annexed Hong Kong Island by forcing the Qing government to conclude the Sino-British Treaty of Nanking. In the Second Opium War, British troops forcibly occupied Kowloon in 1860. In October the same year, the British government annexed Kowloon after forcing the Qing government to conclude the Sino-British Convention of Peking. When imperialist powers were locked in their bid to carve up and grab spheres of influence in China, Britain again forced the Qing government into signing the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory in June 1898 by which it leased a large expanse of Chinese territory south of Shenzhen River and north of Boundary Street and some 235 islands, renamed later as the “New Territories,” thus achieving its occupation and control over the entire Hong Kong region.

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49

Jo, Ara, Hyun Ji Yoo, and Mina Lee. "Robustaflavone Isolated from Nandina domestica Using Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation Downregulates Inflammatory Mediators." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091789.

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Nandina domestica (Berberidaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough. This plant is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and India This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory phytochemicals obtained from the N. domestica fruits. We isolated a biflavonoid-type phytochemical, robustaflavone (R), from N. domestica fruits through bioactivity-guided fractionation based on its capacity to inhibit inflammation. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of R isolated from N. domestica has not yet been studied. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of R using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. We have shown that R reduces the production of nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6. Western blot analysis showed that R suppresses the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and downregulates the expression of LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinases (pERK 1/2). Moreover, R inhibited IL-8 release in LPS-induced human colonic epithelial cells (HT-29). These results suggest that R could be a potential therapeutic candidate for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Tanaka, Sigemitu, and Yuji Miura. "A Study on the Formation and Concepts for the City Planning of Capital Nanking(Building the Capital of China) 1927-1936." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 530 (1996): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1996.49.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nankin china'

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