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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanking Massacre'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Feng, Pin-chia. "Remembering Nanking: historical reconstructions and literary memorializations of the Nanking Massacre." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2017.1273993.

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2

Arsanti, Teresa Retno. "The Gender Lenses of the Nanking Massacre and Its Aftermath to the China-Japan Relations." Jurnal Sentris 1, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v1i1.4133.100-111.

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Hubungan antara China dan Jepang telah mengalami berbagai dinamika terutama berkaitan dengan insiden Pembantaian Nanking (1937) pada masa perang dunia kedua. Berawal dari Pembantaian Nanking, lalu China yang lebih berfokus pada permasalahan internal hingga China yang meminta pertanggung jawaban Jepang atas Pembantaian Nanking. Berikut pula Jepang yang mengakui hingga menolak tuduhan China. Dalam tulisan ini dibahas hubungan China-Jepang mulai dari Pembantaian Nanking dalam Perang Dunia kedua hingga bagaimana kedua negara bersikap atas sejarah mengenai perempuan tersebut melalui perspektif dan konsep dalam feminisme.

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3

Kaiyuan, Zhang, and Liu Jiafeng. "Nanking 1937: Memory and Healing. Edited by Fei Fei Li, Robert Sabella and David Liu. [New York and London: M. E. Sharpe, 2002. xxvi+304 pp. Hard cover $64.65, ISBN 0-7656-0816-2; paperback $23.95, ISBN 0-7656-0817-1.]." China Quarterly 172 (December 2002): 1065–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009443902360625.

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For many years the Nanking massacre of December 1937 was not well known in the Western world as various international political factors prevented recognition of the event. This has now changed. In recent years, much new documentation has been discovered and published, including John Rabe's diary, and the documents of a group of American missionaries who remained in Nanking during the atrocity. The emergence of these documents and Iris Chang's best selling book, The Rape of Nanking, has aroused international attention and discussion.

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4

Xu, Gefan. "Analysis of Character and Theme in The Flowers of War." Communications in Humanities Research 14, no. 1 (November 20, 2023): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/14/20230420.

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The film The Flowers of War is related to the Nanking Massacre in the year of 1937, in Nanking, China. The paper mainly studies the story of sacrifice and hope in the war, and the relationship between the two, against the backdrop of the Nanking Massacre. The purpose of this research paper is to bring to light a different side of the war. This paper introduces the cruelty of war and the importance of women in war through the analysis of characters and themes in The film The Flowers of War, analyzing the before and after of the characters and the personality traits of different characters. This paper finds out that war is essentially exchanging the lives of one group of people for the lives of another. Men are not the only ones who can contribute to war. At the same time, the position of women in war is not negligible and essential.

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5

Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi, Tanaka Masaaki, Takemoto Tadao, Ohara Yasuo, and Masahiro Yamamoto. "The Nanking Massacre: Now You See It, . . ." Monumenta Nipponica 56, no. 4 (2001): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3096672.

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6

Du, Leqi. "Masakra nankińska 1937–1938 jako źródło chińskiej narodowej traumy kulturowej." Intercultural Relations 7, no. 1(13) (August 17, 2023): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/rm.01.2023.13.02.

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NANKING MASSACRE 1937–1938 AS A SOURCE OF CHINESE NATIONAL CULTURAL TRAUMA The Nanjing massacre is today one of the most important historical events for the Chinese national identity, however, until 1982, the topic of the massacre did not enjoy much interest. This paper, using Jeffrey C. Alexander’s theory of cultural trauma and the example of the Memorial Hall for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre, shows how the Chinese authorities gave the initially unknown massacre the rank of a national trauma. Symbolic representation, trauma narratives, and the institutionalization of trauma were crucial in this process.

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7

Wilmes, Raffael. "Japans Kriegsverbrechen in China. Umgang und Erinnerung mit den Gräueltaten der Einheit 731 und dem Massaker von Nanking." historia.scribere, no. 9 (June 9, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.9.565.

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The following seminar-paper analyzes war crimes committed by the Ishii network during World War 2. Additionally, the Nanking massacre of 1937 is briefly portrayed. To understand the cruelty of these crimes it is important to scratch beneath the surface and comprehend the motivation and the Japanese world view. Furthermore, this paper shows how Japan has been dealing with its past since the end of the war. Finally, the main aim is to explain why these Japanese war crimes should be categorized as genocide according to the UN definition.

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8

Kinney, Damien. "Rediscovering a massacre: The filmic legacy of Iris Chang'sThe Rape of Nanking." Continuum 26, no. 1 (January 25, 2012): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2012.630136.

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9

Hart, Gail K. "The Nanking Massacre on Gum Cards: The Blony Horrors of War Series." Journal of American Culture 41, no. 2 (June 2018): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jacc.12871.

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10

Brook, Timothy. "The Tokyo Judgment and the Rape of Nanking." Journal of Asian Studies 60, no. 3 (August 2001): 673–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700106.

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The japanese assault on the city of nanking in December 1937 was one of many incidents that the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE, 1946–48) examined in the course of judging the wartime leaders of Japan. What was referred to at the time as the “Rape of Nanking” has in the last several decades become a controversial marker of Chinese identity as well as a source of potent disagreement among Japanese over their nation's history as a colonial power in East Asia. Within this controversy, the IMTFE trial in Tokyo has been used as a touchstone to confirm and deny all manner of claims concerning the incident. Those who feel aggrieved over Japan's conduct toward China cite the evidence produced at the trial to authenticate the scale and brutality of the massacre (Eykholt 2000, 19–23). Those who feel that Japan and the emperor system have been unfairly blamed for the war in East Asia scour the trial proceedings for failures of logic and evidence that demonstrate to their satisfaction that the “Tokyo trial view of history” is nothing but anti-Japanese distortion and fabrication (Yoshida 2000, 111–14). For both sides, the Tokyo judgment is fuel for ideological fire.

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11

Wu, Boyan. "Narrating History and Memory: A Comparative Reading of Shujuan and Boku in Geling Yans The Flowers of War and Murakami Harukis Killing Commendatore." Communications in Humanities Research 6, no. 1 (September 14, 2023): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/6/20230329.

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According to Pierre Noras argument on the relationship between memory and history, these two concepts are not synonyms but antonyms. In the modern world, critical history begins from rational reflection, and it represses memory, which correlates more to the personal narrative field. The memory theory gives us the insight to reexamine the narration in literary works reflecting the war memory. This paper demonstrates different voices in narrating the individualized traumatic memory of the Nanking Massacre through the comparative reading between fictional works of Murakami Haruki and Geling Yan, Killing Commendatore and The Flowers of War. Shujuan, the protagonist in the novella of Yan, is both the observer and survivor of the massacre. Her storyline obtains two heterogeneous narratives that respectively belong to the field of personal memory and history; while her responsibility of memorizing the unrecorded experience makes her to pick a historical view to narrate her past. Boku, the first-person protagonist in Murakamis fiction, on the other hand, is a contemporary character with no experience or direct memory of the war. However, he gets connected with the war memory through the Murakami-style surreal experience. His experience demonstrates how personal memory can console the trauma after the war, usually neglected by the grand history. In the paper, I argue that although the two authors are from different cultural backgrounds and apply different styles, their narrations that focus on the personal memory field show the consoling power that connects the past and present and heals the trauma left by the war. Further, their fictions still contribute to the political and historical discussions on Nanking, presenting the power against revisionists and bridging the conflicts inside the discussions around such a traumatic historical issue.

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12

Zhou, Sophie. "The T/Daos shall meet: The failure and success of English transliterations of Mandarin Chinese." English Today 35, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078417000578.

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When a Canadian exchange student returns home from a semester abroad in the capital city of China, she might tell her friends that she had Peking duck every day, but she would never, as a 21st-century liberal arts student, say that she stayed in Peking for a semester. Rather, she would say Beijing, as would most English speakers in the present day. But such discrepancies between English transliterations of Chinese words are far from uncommon. Is it the Nanking Massacre or the Nanjing Massacre? Who is the author ofTao Te Ching: Lao-Tzu or Laozi? What, then, is theDaodejing? This paper will focus on the English representation of Mandarin Chinese phonology, particularly the consonant sounds. The inconsistency of English transliteration of Mandarin is caused by historical exchanges and encounters between the British and the Chinese and a lack of a monolithic standardization of Mandarin. Paradoxically, while these transliterations attempt to unify and standardize themselves and the representation of Mandarin sounds, they simultaneously represent the concept of a diverse Mandarin.

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13

Shen, Qinna. "Revisiting the Wound of a Nation: The “Good Nazi” John Rabe and the Nanking Massacre." Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 47, no. 5 (November 2011): 661–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/seminar.47.5.661.

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14

Shen, Qinna. "Revisiting the Wound of a Nation: The "Good Nazi" John Rabe and the Nanking Massacre." Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 47, no. 5 (2011): 661–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/smr.2011.0046.

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15

Penney, M. "Far from Oblivion: The Nanking Massacre in Japanese Historical Writing for Children and Young Adults." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcn003.

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16

Lang, Johannes. "THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MILITARY MASSACRE. Nanking, My Lai, and the Concept of Individual Responsibility in the Midst of Organized Slaughter." Psyke & Logos 27, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v27i2.8315.

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Kan vi altid kræve, at individer skal vise socialt ansvar? Er dette et realistisk krav også i de mest ekstreme situationer, som fx ved militære massakrer? To militære massakrer udforskes her i et forsøg på at opdage, hvordan mennesker faktisk handler i disse situationer. Det er tydeligt, at evnen til at tage socialt ansvar ikke tilhører en bestemt personlighed. Der er nærmere tale om, hvordan sociale kontekster reducerer de oprindelige moralske begrænsninger, som eksisterer i forhold til voldsudøvelse. Denne reduktion sker først ved, at det militære system skaber en kontekst, hvor volden opfattes som noget, der er formelt autoriseret og derfor moralsk forsvarligt. Gerningsmanden føler sig uden personligt ansvar. Inden for dette system vænner han sig gradvist til voldsbrug og indoktrineres samtidigt i værdien af lydighed. Derefter præsenteres soldaten for et dehumaniseret billede af de kommende ofre som »fjenden«. Det militære massemord på civile bliver en reel mulighed. Men selv i denne ekstreme situation er der mennesker, som nægter at adlyde ordrer og som insisterer på at følge deres samvittighed. Det er disse individer, som danner grundlaget for det juridiske krav om ansvarlighed – og det moralske håb om, at det er muligt at forandre systemet og verden til noget bedre og mindre destruktivt.

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17

Vives Agurruza, María. "The Cultural Impact of the Nanking Massacre in Cinematography: On City of Life and Death (2009) and The Flowers of War (2011)." Cultura 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/b10729_53.

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18

Joshua A. Fogel. "They Were in Nanjing: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and British Nationals, and: Nanking 1937: Memory and Healing (review)." China Review International 15, no. 1 (2008): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.0.0135.

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19

Mitter, Rana. "Le massacre de Nankin." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire 94, no. 2 (2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ving.094.0011.

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20

Margolin, Jean-Louis. "Une réévaluation du massacre de Nankin." Perspectives chinoises 92, no. 1 (2005): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/perch.2005.3370.

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21

Voldman, Danièle. "Iris Chang, Le viol de Nankin. 1937 : un des plus grands massacres du XXe siècle, Paris, Payot, 2007,383 p., 25€." Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine 55-1, no. 1 (2008): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhmc.551.0231.

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22

Hu, Lung-Lung. "Justification and Opposition of Mass Killing: Black Sun—The Nanking Massacre." International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique, October 19, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11196-020-09791-w.

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Abstract Japan was supposed to obey the law during the second world war. However, the Nanjing Massacre still happened. Hirohito, the Japanese emperor, deliberately avoided mentioning the International Treaties in the imperial rescript of the Great East Asia War in 1937. The Nanking Massacre was carried out according to the Japanese army’s interpretation of the imperial rescript. Such a legal interpretation was rooted in the idea that Japan had to educate the Chinese and transform China by killing its people in order to pursue a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere led by Japan. In the film Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre (1995), we can see both a justification of and an opposition to killing. In this paper I am going to show how the imperial rescript is used to justify this mass killing is and how opposing arguments are used to show its cruelty and absurdity, which is taken as a means to achieve a greater good.

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23

Li, Katherina. "Fragmented sisterhood in the Nanking Massacre: The Flowers of War." Feminist Media Studies, June 6, 2022, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2022.2084632.

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24

Carr, Michael, Elyse Schreier, Matias Andres, N. Wolz, LaToya Timmons, Ryan Payne, Shaofeng Yang, et al. "Massacre and Memory, History and Humanity: A Discussion on Iris Chang’s The Rape of Nanking." Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.20429/aujh.2013.030107.

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25

"Masahiro Yamamoto. Nanking: Anatomy of an Atrocity. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. 2000. pp. xv, 352. $39.95 and Joshua A. Fogel. The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography. (Asia: Local Studies/Global Themes, number 2.) Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 2000. Pp. xvi, 248. Cloth $40.00, paper $15.95." American Historical Review, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr/107.2.525.

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