Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nannofossiles'
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Bonnemaison, Monique. "Indices de diagenèse liés aux nannofossiles calcaires dans le Crétacé des Pyrénées : comparaison avec des sites océaniques dans le golfe de Gascogne /." 45-Orléans : Ed. du BRGM, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35034177h.
Full textSanchez, Rios Maria Antonieta Guadalupe. "Foraminifères planctoniques et nannoplancton calcaire de quelques sites du Crétacé supérieur mexicain et sud-pyrénéen /." Toulouse : Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de géologie sédimentaire et paléontologie, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35712901s.
Full textBarbarin, Nicolas. "La reconnaissance automatisée des nannofossiles calcaires du Cénozoïque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4318.
Full textSYRACO is an automated recognition system of coccoliths, originally developed since 1995 by Luc Beaufort and Denis Dollfus, and more recently with the help of Yves Gally. The main purpose of this system is for specialists to save time in the acquisition and treatment of data. By this recent work, the system has been technically improved and its ability of recognition has been extended to calcareous nannofossils of the Cenozoic Era. It sorts nannofossils and non-nannofossils with a reliability respectively estimated to 75% and 90%. It is based on a new reference images database of species from the Upper Eocene up to living species. This represents hundreds of species with a high morphological variability. It leads to the establishment of a classification arranged in 39 morphogroups, combining artificial neural networks to statistical models. The results are presented as automated counting, morphometrical data (size, mass...) and mosaics of images. Those results can be valuable in biostratigraphical and paleoceanographical analyses
Kenjo, Samer. "Biostratigraphie intégrée à nannofossiles calcaires et ammonoïdes : développement et implications pour la définition et la valorisation des stratotypes d’unité et de limite. L’exemple des étages Berriasien et Valanginien et de leur limite (~140 Millions d’années)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10156.
Full textThe integrated biostratigraphic study of ammonites and calcareous nannofossils in three sections from SE France (Vergol, Courchons, and Berrias) allowed a solid new biozonation scheme to be proposed here. This study should enable us to strengthen the proposition of the Vergol section as GSSP for the lower boundary of Valanginian. Concerning ammonites, an intensive exploitation bed by bed coupled to a taxonomic revision of all groups have shown a faunal renewal and brought to the proposal of a new zonal scheme. The Upper Berriasian is characterized in its upper part by a new zone, the Alpillensis zone, which replaces the upper part of the Boisseri zone sensu Le Hégarat. The Alpillensis zone is subdivided into two subzones, Alpillensis and Otopeta. For the Lower Valanginian, the Pertransiens (with the introduction of two new subzones, Premolicus and Salinarium) and Neocomiensiformis zones have been recognized. Concerning calcareous nannofossils, many events are recorded across the Berriasian/Valanginian boundary, underlying a major change in the assemblages as indicated by Principal Component Analysis. These changes are very likely linked to sea level changes. In fact, a major regression occurred in the Alpillensis zone, followed by a transgression in the Petransiens zone. Unitary Associations resulted in an UA 1 whose topmost part occurs just above the first occurrences of the nannofossil C. oblongata and of the ammonite « Thurmanniceras » pertransiens. The stratigraphic succession of these three events (namely, the FOs of « T. » pertransiens and of C. oblongata and the top of UA 1) allow us to identify the boundary between the Berriasian and Valanginian in this work with the FO of « T. » pertransiens
Beaufort, Luc. "Dynamique du nannoplancton calcaire au cours du Néogène : implications climatiques et océanographiques." Lyon 1, 1991. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02307706/document.
Full textFerreira, Jorge. "Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoceanographic changes during the Lower to Middle Jurassic ( Toarcian-Aalenian, ~183-171 Ma) : new evidences from calcareous nannofossils of the Lusitanian Basin." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1033/document.
Full textAt ~183 Ma when large amounts of organic matter was dumped onto the ocean beds (known as the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, T-OAE), the Early Toarcian marine biota experienced one of the most important biological crises in Earth history. Calcareous nannoplankton was deeply affected and started only to recover from the end of the Early Toarcian. After the T-OAE, as phytoplankton communities dwelling the oceans photic layer recover from the previous disturbing conditions, the ecological niches once occupied by calcareous nannoplankton are again replenished. Located in the westernmost part of the Tethyan ocean, the Lusitanian Basin acted as a seaway between the NW Tethys and the Mediterranean Tethys provinces, therefore been actively influenced by these two different water masses. Hence such a region stands as the perfect spot to study the calcareous nannoplankton community, as its fossil remains bears species typical of both provinces. In order to appraise the nannoplankton demise and subsequent recovery, absolute and relative abundances of nannofossils were determined from pelagic marl-limestone couplets from three sections of the Lusitanian Basin. Also brachiopods shells were investigated for stable carbon and oxygen isotopes analysis. In order to independently assess the morphologic evolution of Lotharingius coccoliths, a Toarcian section from south France was studied. Different statistic methodologies were used throughout this work, in order to screen for robust and significant information from the numerous datasets that were built
Há cerca de 183 milhões de anos atrás, a biota marinha sofreu uma das mais importantes crises biológicas na história do planeta, quando grandes quantidades de matéria orgânica foram depositadas nos fundos oceânicos. Este episódio que teve lugar durante o Toarciano, resultou de um Evento Anóxico Oceânico (T-OAE), e afectou os mares epicontinentais à escala global. O nanoplâncton calcário, um grupo de organismos extremamente sensível às variações nas condições ambientais que têm lugar na camada superficial das massas de água, foi profundamente afectado. Foi somente no final do Toarciano Inferior que a sua recuperação se iniciou. Apesar de já muito se ter escrito sobre o T-OAE, a previsível recuperação deste grupo nunca foi sistemática nem detalhadamente estudada. Até hoje, não se sabia ainda se esta recuperação teria sido relativamente rápida, ou resultado de um processo lento e gradual que teria durado milhões de anos. Durante o Toarciano Inferior, quando as condições ambientais eram extremamente instáveis, ocorreram importantes e drásticas oscilações na temperatura e no nível médio dos oceanos. Após o T-OAE e durante todo o Toarciano e Aaleniano Inferior, as oscilações do nível médio dos oceanos e de temperatura são bastante mais suaves. À medida que a comunidade fitoplanctónica instalada na zona fótica recupera das condições extremas anteriores, os nichos ecológicos antes ocupados por nanoplâncton calcário, começam novamente a ser preenchidos. Apesar das prolongadas e suaves variações abióticas, é num ambiente então mais estável, que melhor se pode observar a evolução deste grupo, e de que forma as suas relações sinecológicas se alteraram ao longo de aproximadamente 10 milhões de anos. Apesar de ser considerado como um período onde a comunidade nanoplanctónica sofreu importantes alterações, nada se sabe em concreto que alterações foram essas que tiveram lugar após o TOAE num local tão estratégico como a Bacia Lusitânica. Situada na extremidade Oeste do Tétis e fazendo parte de um rift originado pela abertura do Atlântico, a Bacia Lusitânica actuou como um corredor que ligava livremente as massas de água das províncias mediterrânica e NW do Tétis, sendo por estas, activamente influenciada. Por essa razão, tal situação geográfica constitui um local excepcional para se estudar a comunidade de nanoplâncton calcário, uma vez que o seu registo fóssil compreende espécies típicas destas duas províncias do Tétis
Giraudeau, Jacques. "Les nannofossiles calcaires quaternaires de la Mer des Caraïbes : biostratigraphie, essai de paléoclimatologie quantitative." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10632.
Full textBOUALLOU, LAMIA. "Les nannofossiles calcaires quaternaires de l'ocean indien occidental : etude biostratigraphique, ecologique, biogeographique et paleoclimatologique." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE4975.
Full textThibault, Nicolas. "Le nannoplancton calcaire au cours du Maastrichtien : aspects paléoécologiques et biostratigraphiques." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066613.
Full textChaumeil, Rodriguez Micaela. "Calcareous nannofossils from Los Molles Formation, south of Huincul High, Neuquén Basin, Argentina : biostratigraphy and paleobiogeographic reconstructions for the Early to Middle Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Aalenian)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10116.
Full textCalcareous nannofossils represent a diverse group of fossils, dating back to the Late Triassic and extending their record to the present day, characterised by their calcareous composition and a size under 30 microns. Among them oustand the coccolithophorids, which constitute the most important fraction of calcareous nannoplankton, i.e. flagellated unicellular algae belonging to the Subclass Calcihaptophycidae, covered by calcium carbonate plates (coccoliths), and typically marine inhabitants of the photic zone. The representation of coccolithophorids in the fossil record corresponds to their exoskeletal remnants, commonly preserved in a disaggregated form, as individual coccoliths. Their presence in the oceans is key as they are one of the main groups of marine primary producers. Evidence from the geological record suggests that coccolithophorids have maintained their ecological requirements almost invariant over time, making them key to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental, palaeobiogeographical and palaeoclimatic conditions. The aim of this thesis is to study the calcareous nannofossil associations of Early-Middle Jurassic marine sediments, south of the Huincul High, Neuquén Basin (Argentina). By combining this information with that already available, we seek to expand and improve the biostratigraphic resources of the basin, determine similarities with assemblages from other regions of the world, and evaluate the response of these organisms to important palaeoenvironmental events. The study focuses on samples from three outcrop sections —named El Matuasto I, II and III— and two exploratory boreholes —YPF.Nq.BCE.x-1 and YPF.Nq.PTU.x-2—. A total of 102 surface samples, 20 core samples and 91 drill cuttings samples were studied. In addition, geochemical analyses (i.e., stable carbon isotopes, total organic matter and elemental composition) were performed on 384 outcrop samples. Random settling and gravity settling techniques were used to process the calcareous nannofossil samples. Quantitative analysis of nannofossils required counting at least 300 individuals; in case of a sample with low abundance, counting stopped at 450 fields of view. The degree of similarity between nannofossil associations was assessed by running NMDS and UPGMA analyses, both using the Dice index. Pyrolysis and isotope ratio mass spectrometry were used to process samples for total organic matter and stable isotope analysis, respectively. For the elemental analysis, the X-ray diffraction technique was executed. In all cases, samples containing shell remains and/or evidence of weathering were avoided. Forty-nine species are described, distributed in nine families and one species insertae sedis, of which five are recognised for the first time for the basin and the southeast Pacific area, and most of them are illustrated. Six biozones and numerous subzones are recognized on the surface and subsurface sections and correlate with biostratigraphic schemes of the Tethys region. These correspond to the Pliensbachian (Biozone NJT4) to the middle Aalenian - early Bajocian (Biozone NJT9). Three intervals of negative isotopic excursions accompanied by increases in organic matter content are identified. Applying the biostratigraphic framework, the first of these is considered to be the time-equivalent of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE). The other high-amplitude isotope excursions recorded in the middle Toarcian and in the Toarcian-Aalenian interval represent the first record of their kind for the Toarcian - Aalenian interval in the Neuquén Basin, and the second record for the southern hemisphere. The Pliensbachian calcareous nannofossil associations recognized in one of the sections are biogeographically related to those of the Tethys region. The Hispanic Corridor is identified as the pathway of calcareous nannofossil dispersal between the Pacific and Tethys oceans during the Early Jurassic, indicating its time of opening at least from the early Pliensbachian
Gauthron, Michel. "Les foraminifères planctoniques de l'Océan tropical au passage Mio-Pliocène : biostratigraphie, paléoenvironnements et évolution." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5457.
Full textClemence, Marie-Emilie. "Analyse paléoécologique de la crise du Trias-Jurassique : approche synécologique des nannofossiles calcaires et des foraminifères benthiques." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066151.
Full textSuchéras-Marx, Baptiste. "Émergence de la production carbonatée pélagique au Jurassique moyen (180-160 Ma) : la conquête des océans par les coccolithophoridés du genre Watznaueria." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10024.
Full textCoccolithophorids are photosynthetic and planktonic marine algae that produce micrometric calcium carbonate (CaCO3) platelets called coccoliths. These algae appeared about 210 Ma ago and produce today most of the CaCO3 in the modern oceans, hence playing a major role in the carbon cycle. Nevertheless, the onset of oceanic CaCO3 production by these organisms during the Jurassic and its impact on carbon cycling remain poorly understood. This study therefore focused on the Middle Jurassic interval (Early Bajocian, -170 Ma) which records the diversification of Watznaueria, an evolutionary important coccolith genus that subsequently dominated oceanic CaCO3 production for more than 80 Myr. The analysis of coccolith assemblages from the Middle Jurassic of southern France and Portugal, based on an automaticcoccolith recognition device used for the first time on Jurassic coccoliths, allowed quantifying the impact of this diversification on CaCO3 production. In addition, the duration of this key interval has been revaluated by the cyclostratigraphic analysis of sedimentary strata from southern France. The reconstructed changes in CaCO3 production were compared to carbon cycle perturbations recorded by carbon isotope ratios and indicate a probable link with a marked increase of ocean fertility. Besides, paleontological analyses show that this diversification episode correspond to the successive appearance of different, probably opportunistic Watznaueria species. The obtained fluxes of pelagic CaCO3 production, by far lower than those recorded in modern oceans, seems too low to have significantly impacted theMiddle Jurassic carbon cycle
Toufiq, Abdelkabir. "Etude microbiostratigraphique (foraminiferes planctoniques et nannofossiles calcaires) de l'eocene terminal au miocene inferieur dans les nappes prerifaines (maroc septentrional)." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066489.
Full textToufiq, Abdelkabir. "Etude microbiostratigraphique (foraminifères planctoniques et nannofossiles calcaires) de l'Eocène terminal au Miocène inférieur dans les nappes prérifaines (Maroc septentrional)." Grenoble : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593884v.
Full textRousselin, Monique. "Etude micropaléontologique (nannofossiles calcaires et foraminifères benthiques) du campanien de la région de Bergerac (Dordogne) : comparaisons avec la région stratotypique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066095.
Full textRousselin, Monique. "Etude micropaléontologique, nannofossiles calcaires et foraminifères benthiques, du Campanien de la région de Bergerac, Dordogne comparaisons avec la région stratotypique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600864t.
Full textMinoletti, Fabrice. "Mise au point d'un protocole de séparation des assemblages de nannofossiles calcaires : apport à la micropaléontologie et à la géochimie des producteurs carbonates pélagiques : application à la crise Crétacé-Tertiaire." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066441.
Full textBornemann, André. "Case studies of Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils implications for palaeoecology, calcareous nannofossil morphology and carbonate accumulation /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970713509.
Full textBONNEMAISON-LAFFARGUE, MONIQUE. "Indices de diagenese lies aux nannofossiles calcaires dans le cretace des pyrenees : comparaison avec des sites oceaniques dans le golfe de gascogne." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066634.
Full textBonnemaison, Monique. "Indices de diagenèse liés aux nannofossiles calcaires dans le Crétacé des Pyrénées comparaison avec des sites océaniques dans le Golfe de Gascogne /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612062m.
Full textNur, Hasjim. "Le néogène marin du Nord-Est de Java (Indonésie) : foraminifères et nannoplancton." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10061.
Full textRanoroarisoa, Adeline. "Biostratigraphie comparee dans le bassin de morondava (madagascar) : les foraminiferes planctoniques et les nannofossiles calcaires campaniens et maastrichtiens des sondages vaucluse et eponge." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066692.
Full textRanoroarisoa, Adeline. "Biostratigraphie comparée dans le bassin de Morondova (Madagascar) les foraminifères planctoniques et les nannofossiles calcaires campaniens et maastrichiens des sondages Vaucluse et Eponge /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376091809.
Full textKerzazi, Karima. "Etude biostratigraphique du Miocène sur la base des foraminifères planctoniques et nannofossiles calcaires dans le Prérif et la marge atlantique du Maroc (site 547A du DSDP Leg 79), aperçu sur leur paléoenvironnement." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066164.
Full textGhidalia, Marie-José. "Contribution à l'étude du stratotype de la limite Plio-Pléistocène : apports de l'étude des nannofossiles calcaires des coupes de Stuni et de Vrica-Calabre-Italie, (systematique, biostratigraphie, paleoenvironnement)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066394.
Full textRodriguez-Saavedra, Alfredo. "Sédimentation biogène et paléoenvironnement dans la plaine de Floride du pliocène inferieur au pléistocène superieur : nannofossiles calcaires et signaux sédimentaires appliqués à la biostratigraphie : sites IPOD 536, 539 et 240 et site DSDP 97 du Golfe du Mexique." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2013.
Full textGhidalia, Marie-José. "Contribution à l'étude du stratotype de la limite plio-pleistocène apports de l'étude des nannofossiles calcaires des coupes de Stuni et de Vrica-Calabre-Italie : systématique, biostratigaphie, paléonvironnement /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605411b.
Full textGrelaud, Michaël. "Variabilité climatique multi-échelles depuis le pléistocène terminal jusqu'à l'actuel, sur la marge pacifique nord américaine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30059.
Full textThe North American Pacific margin surface hydrography is characterized by the California Current System (CCS) whose intensity seasonally responds to the dynamic of northeastern Pacific atmospheric cells. On longer time scales, CCS's intensity depends on climatic oscillators: the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The fossil assemblages of coccolithophores in two oceanic sedimentary basins (Santa Barbara and Soledad) were used to reconstruct the dynamics of these climate oscillations over the last 28,000 years. The ENSO and PDO have persisted throughout this period and have strengthened over time, their cyclicity responding to the precession. The maxima of their intensity are observed during the middle Holocene and during the 20th century. The morphometry of coccoliths shows that calcification is mainly controlled by sea surface temperature
Walsworth-Bell, Edward Benedict. "Jurassic calcareous nannofossils and environmental cycles." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251594.
Full textRafara, Abeline Harivony. "Le jurassique moyen et supérieur et le néocomien de la région de Tsaramandroso, bassin de Majunga (Madagascar) : étude micropaléontologique et biostratigraphique." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10095.
Full textBaky, Alaaeldin Mohamed Abdel. "Maastrichtian to early Eocene calcareous nannofossils from Egypt." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317747/.
Full textPeleo-Alampay, Alyssa M. "Miocene and oligocene calcareous nannofossils : biochronology and paleoceanography /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9823695.
Full textShafik, Samir. "Late Cretaceous, early Tertiary calcareous nannofossils from Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19212.
Full textDesmares, Delphine. "Enregistrement à haute résolution des modifications environnementales inscrites dans un cadre téphrochronologique : le bassin du Western Interior au passage Cénomanien-Turonien." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001829.
Full textAguado, Merlo Roque. "Nannofósiles del cretácico de la Cordillera Bética (sur de España) bioestratigrafía /." Granada : Universidad de Granada, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40940900.html.
Full textRutledge, David Charles. "Calcareous nannofossils of the Boreal Lower Cretaceous : applications in biostratigraphy and palaeoceanography." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1360347/.
Full textBurnett, Jacqueline Anne. "North-west European late cretaceous calcareous nannofossils : biostratigraphy and selected evolutionary lineages." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295154.
Full textLübke, Nathalie [Verfasser], Jörg [Gutachter] Mutterlose, and Elisabetta [Gutachter] Erba. "Size evolution of Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils / Nathalie Lübke ; Gutachter: Jörg Mutterlose, Elisabetta Erba." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137380160/34.
Full textYoung, Jeremy R. "Neogene calcareous nannofossils from the Makran region of Pakistan and the Indian Ocean." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46920.
Full textVan, Niel Brigitta E. "Early Cretaceous Nannoconus (Calcareous nannofossil, Incertae sedis) in NW Europe." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307692.
Full textFinch, Edward Maurice. "Tertiary calcareous nannofossils : biostratigraphy and global correlation with special reference to the Sphenolithaceae (Deflandre)." Thesis, Kingston University, 1989. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20524/.
Full textCampbell, Robert John. "Calcareous nannofossil and foraminiferal analysis of the middle to upper cretaceous Bathurst Island Group, Northern Bonaparte Basin and Darwin Shelf, Northern Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0025.
Full textGallagher, Liam Thomas. "Tertiary calcareous nannofossils from the central and southern North Sea Basins, and their biostratigraphical application." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1381826/.
Full textMorse, Trevor John. "Biostratigraphical constraints (calcareous nannofossils) on the Late Cretaceous to Late Miocene evolution of S.W. Cyprus." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1565/.
Full textWindley, Dawn Elizabeth. "Calcareous nannofossil applications in the study of cyclic sediments of the Cenomanian." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306898.
Full textHassanein, Walid. "La transgression Aptienne-Albienne dans le bassin d'Agadir-Essaouira, Maroc." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU048/document.
Full textThe Aptian-Early Albian interval of the southern Tethyan margin is poorly understood since sedimentary successions are frequently incomplete and dating is difficult. The Essaouira-Agadir Basin (EAB), Morocco, presents numerous, very good and accessible outcrops of the Early Cretaceous series. The aim of this work is to (1) establish an integrated stratigraphic framework of the Aptian-Albian series based on (a) high-resolution ammonites and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, (b) identification of sedimentary discontinuities and (c) carbon isotope stratigraphy; (2) reconstruct the paleoenvironmental evolution during this interval through both sedimentary facies evolution and qualitative and quantitative nannofossil analyses, and (3) propose a functioning model for the sedimentation on the mixed, carbonate/clastic ramp of the EAB.In the EAB, the Late Barremian is defined by the sarasini ammonite zone and the NC5 nannofossil zone. The Barremian/Aptian boundary is defined by ammonites. The Early Aptian is defined by the deshayesi to furcata ammonite zones, and is bounded by a first minimum 13C value at the base and a first maximum value at the Early/Late Aptian Boundary. The Late Aptian interval, is defined by four ammonite zones (martini, melchioris, nolani and jacobi), two discontinuity surfaces, four maximum and minimum 13C values, and by the upper part of the NC6, the NC7 and the lowermost part of the NC8 nannofossil zones. The Aptian/Albian boundary is placed within the discontinuity D4 (base of the Leymeriella tardefurcata ammonite zone), supported by the First Occurrence (FO) of the Prediscosphaera columnata and Hayesites albiensis nannofossil taxa, and by decreasing 13C values. Early Albian times are represented by the tardefurcata and mammillatum ammonite zones, the FO of Hayesites albiensis, and by minimum 13C values.The facies and depositional environments of the Aptian-Early Albian rocks are identified based on their lithology, sedimentary structures, fossil content and microfacies. These allowed to identify (1) four types of key surfaces related subaerial or submarine erosion, (2) four sedimentary carbonated facies in the Aptian corresponding to outer to inner ramp depositional environments, and (3) four Early Albian sedimentary facies, represented by sandstones and shales, of basin to middle ramp depositional setting. These facies reflect deposition in adjacent and gradational paleoenvironments. The Aptian-Early Albian stratigraphic interval of the EAB, has been subdivided into two major cycles, floored by two major erosional surfaces. The latest Barremian-Aptian cycle is underlined by a major karstified-erosional surface and consists of four third-order depositional sequences. The Early Albian cycle, overlies a major submarine erosional surface, and also contains four depositional sequences. In each cycle, the vertical changes in facies indicates a deepening upward trend related to sea level rise.The carbonate production in the EAB is higher in the Aptian than during the Early Albian, due to warm conditions, slow rise of sea level, shallow depth of the basin, and little detrital influx. The nannofossil total absolute abundance decreases from the Aptian to the Early Albian, due to increasing sedimentation rate, associated with rapid subsidence. The nutrient input, fertility and calcareous nannofossil primary productivity is higher in the Early Albian with respect to the Aptian, and are mainly controlled by rising sea level and upwelling currents. The Latest Aptian-Early Albian period is characterized by a high abundance of cold taxa, and the migration of cosmopolitan biota from Boreal realm into the Tethyan realm, which may reflect the occurrence of a glacial climatic event
Toffanin, Federica. "Biochronologic and evolutionary study of calcareous nannofossil assemblages during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422518.
Full textDurante il mio progetto di dottorato ho studiato le associazioni a nannofossili calcarei provenienti da tre siti nell’intervallo corrispondente al Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO). Il MECO è un episodio ipertermale transitorio e di breve durata, caratterizzato da un’importante perturbazione a livello globale degli isotopi stabili sia dell’ossigeno che del carbonio, osservato alla transizione tra Chron C18r-C18n (ca. 40 Ma) ha una durata di circa 500-600 kyr (Bohaty et al., 2009). Esso rappresenta un’inversione significativa del clima durante il trend di raffreddamento di lunga durata dell’Eocene medio e superiore. Il MECO è uno tra gli eventi ipertermali, assieme al meglio conosciuto Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum, riconosciuti nel Paleogene (PETM, Kennett and Stott, 1991). Attualmente l’interesse verso questi argomenti è crescente perché essi sono considerati potenziali analoghi nel passato dell’atteso riscaldamento globale che sarà in atto nel prossimo futuro. L’ipotesi più accreditata riguardo le cause del MECO è connessa ad un enorme evento di degassazione di CO2, legato a una importante riorganizzazione delle placche tettoniche avvenuta durante l’Eocene (Bohaty et al., 2009). Le sezioni studiate sono situate in diversi setting deposizionali e aree geografiche. In particolare la prima successione, la sezione di Alano, è localizzata nelle Alpi nord orientali del Veneto e comprende l’Eocene medio e superiore. Dal punto di vista paleogeografico, la sezione ha una paleoprofondità di 600-1000 m ed è parte del bacino di Belluno, entro la Tetide centro occidentale; la seconda sezione di studio è stata recuperata nell’IODP Site 1333 durante l’Exp.320 svoltasi nel Pacifico Equatoriale. La paleoprofondità stimata per questo Site è di 3800 m, mentre la profondità attuale è ca. 4800 m. La terza sezione di studio è stata recuperata dal Leg ODP 171B nell’area del Blake Nose (Atlantico nord occidentale) ed ha paleoprofondità stimata di ca. 1500 m. Il primo obiettivo di questo studio è verificare se c’è un cambiamento unico e globale nelle associazioni a nannofossili calcarei in risposta al MECO. Un ampio spettro di setting paleodeposizionali e aree diverse (sezione di Alano, Site 1051A and U1333C) è stato analizzato durante questa fase paleoclimatica estrema e sono state fornite ricostruzioni paleoambientali basate su modificazioni osservate nelle associazioni a nannofossili calcarei. Il secondo obiettivo di questo studio è centrato sulla biostratigrafia e biocronologia dell’intervallo Eocene medio a Oligocene inferiore, con particolare attenzione al MECO. Biorizzonti standard e addizionali sono stati testati e confrontati con dati precedenti presenti in letteratura, fornendo stime del grado di affidabilità dei bioeventi considerati e delle loro calibrazioni. Il primo capitolo della tesi è una breve presentazione generale dell’evoluzione paleoclimatica del Paleogene inferiore, seguita dalla descrizione dei materiali di studio e dei metodi e strategie adottate in questo lavoro. Nel secondo capitolo di questa tesi viene presentato uno studio sui nannofossili calcarei ad alta risoluzione attraverso il MECO. I nostri dati dalla sezione medio batiale di Alano indicano che l’intervallo riguardante il MECO sembra coincidere con cambiamenti significativi nelle associazioni a nannofossili calcarei. Taxa che preferiscono acque eutrofiche/fredde e forme rimaneggiati mostrano un aumento nelle abbondanze durante l’evento ipertermale. Al contrario, taxa con preferenze per acque oligotrofiche/calde mostrano un trend peculiare anticovariante rispetto ai taxa meso-eutrofici, diminuendo in modo significativo durante gli intervalli del MECO e post-MECO. Questi risultati possono essere interpretati come un arricchimento temporaneo dei nutrienti disciolti nelle acque più calde superficiali, e suggeriscono che la aumentata disponibilità di nutrienti nella colonna d’acqua ricopre un’importanza maggiore rispetto ad altri fattori ambientali nel determinare l costituzione dell’associazione a nannofossili calcarei. Inoltre il maggior rimaneggiamento è coerente con un aumentato input di terrigeno, probabilmente dovuto all’accelerato weathering (alterazione) chimico, scatenato dall’aumentato ciclo idrologico. Nel terzo capitolo di questa tesi, fornisco i risultati dei sedimenti recuperati dall’IODP Site 1333 durante l’Exp.320 nel Pacifico Equatoriale, in un intervallo di tempo compreso tra l’Eocene medio e l’Oligocene inferiore. Questi dati evidenziano un importante cambiamento nello stato di preservazione, con il numero di individui contati entro un’area specifica (1 mm2) che si avvicinano allo zero durante il MECO. Nello stesso intervallo abbiamo osservato modifiche nelle associazioni a nannofossili calcarei coerenti con un evento di intensa dissoluzione. Oltre alla evidente forte diminuzione di individui/mm2 già citata, un argomento ancora più forte a favore di condizioni di dissoluzione pervasiva è basato sul fatto che, se consideriamo l’abbondanza relativa (%), Discoaster, il genere più resistente, aumenta considerevolmente, come atteso nel caso in cui l’associazione originaria sia alterata da dissoluzione preferenziale. Al Site U1333C, il MECO si può considerare un intervallo semi sterile, quindi nessuna interpretazione paleoambientale è possibile. Per questo motivo ho deciso di focalizzarmi su un intervallo più lungo, con l’obiettivo di ottenere dati biostratigrafici e biocronologici da una delle rare successioni carbonatiche disponibili dall’Eocene medio all’Oligocene inferiore nel Pacifico equatoriale. Abbiamo usato questo modello per analizzare il modo e tempo dell’evoluzione di alcuni taxa di nannofossili calcarei (i.e., sfenoliti e Dictycoccites). Il quarto capitolo della tesi fornisce una serie di dati ad alta risoluzione del MECO, ottenuti dal Site 1051A (Atlantico nordoccidentale). I nostri risultati evidenziano cambiamenti nelle associazioni a nannofossili calcarei durante questo episodio transitorio di riscaldamento globale coerenti con un aumento nella disponibilità di nutrienti. I reticulofenestridi di piccole dimensioni, che tipicamente prosperano in ambienti eutrofici e in condizioni di stress, mostrano un aumento graduale di lunga durata nelle loro abbondanze relative, suggerendo quindi una aumentata disponibilità di nutrienti nelle acque superficiali dell’ODP Site 1051A. Un andamento simile si registra anche nei Dictyococcites di grandi dimensioni, eutrofici, che aumentano bruscamente in abbondanza allo stesso livello stratigrafico (LCO), fornendo una ulteriore evidenza di uno shift verso condizioni più eutrofiche. Questo scenario è supportato anche dal lieve declino che si evidenza in Sphenolithus e Discoaster. Questi generi sono considerati taxa di acque calde ed oligotrofiche, K-specialisti, e la loro diminuzione in abbondanza durante una fase di graduale riscaldamento è chiaramente correlabile ad un aumento dei nutrienti disponibili. Infine, entrando all’interno del genere Sphenolithus, si è osservata una profonda riorganizzazione, S. furcatolithoides si estingue, S. predistentus e S. obtusus fanno la loro prima comparsa, e molte delle altre specie subiscono aumenti o diminuzioni temporanee delle loro abbondanze. Nel complesso, i dati provenienti dal Site ODP 1051A indicano che i cambiamenti nelle associazioni a nannofossili calcarei sono iniziati molto dopo l’inizio del MECO e prima del picco di riscaldamento, presentando due diversi andamenti: un primo tipo può essere definito brusco (ad es. la LCO di Dictyococcites, la HO di S. furcatolithoides), mentre un secondo tipo è graduale (ad es. l’aumento delle Reticulofenestra di piccole dimensioni).
Russo, F. "CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL REVISED BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE LATEST ALBIAN-EARLIEST CAMPANIAN TIME INTERVAL (LATE CRETACEOUS)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/231575.
Full textAlqudah, Mohammad Verfasser], Jörg [Gutachter] [Mutterlose, and Olaf Günther [Gutachter] Podlaha. "Calcareous nannofossils from Late Cretaceous - Paleogene oil shales of Jordan / Mohammad Alqudah ; Gutachter: Jörg Mutterlose, Olaf Günther Podlaha." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1133361439/34.
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