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Journal articles on the topic 'Nano contrast agents'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Lee, Nohyun, Seung Hong Choi, and Taeghwan Hyeon. "Nano-Sized CT Contrast Agents." Advanced Materials 25, no. 19 (2013): 2641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201300081.

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2

Zheng, Shu-Guang. "Nano/microparticles and ultrasound contrast agents." World Journal of Radiology 5, no. 12 (2013): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v5.i12.468.

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3

ZHANG, XiaoTing, and ZhiFei DAI. "Advances in multifunctional nano-sized CT contrast agents." Chinese Science Bulletin 60, no. 35 (2015): 3424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972015-00066.

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4

KOBAYASHI, H., and M. BRECHBIEL. "Nano-sized MRI contrast agents with dendrimer cores." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 57, no. 15 (2005): 2271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2005.09.016.

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5

Lu, Zheng-Rong, Aaron M. Mohs, Yuda Zong, and Yi Feng. "Polydisulfide Gd(III) chelates as biodegradable macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents." International Journal of Nanomedicine 1, no. 1 (2006): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/nano.2006.1.1.31.

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6

Kang, Byunghoon, Jaewoo Lim, Hye-young Son, et al. "PEGylated Magnetic Nano-Assemblies as Contrast Agents for Effective T2-Weighted MR Imaging." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (2019): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030410.

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We designed a high-sensitivity magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent that could be used to diagnose diseases. First, magnetic nanocrystals were synthesized by a thermal decomposition method on an organic solvent to obtain a high magnetism and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) as an amphiphilic polymer using the ring-opening polymerization method to stably disperse the magnetic nanocrystals in an aqueous phase. Subsequently, the magnetic nanoclusters simultaneously self-assembled with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) using the nano-emulsion method to form magnetic nanoclusters. Because their shape was similar to a raspberry, they were named PEGylated magnetic nano-assemblies. The PEGylated magnetic nano-assemblies were dispersed stably in the aqueous phase with a uniform size of approximately 65–70 nm for an extended period (0 days: 68.8 ± 5.1 nm, 33 days: 69.2 ± 2.0 nm, and 44 days: 63.2 ± 5.6). They exhibited both enough of a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast effect and biocompatibility. In an in vivo study, the PEGylated magnetic nano-assemblies provided a high contrast effect for magnetic resonance images for a long time after one treatment, thereby improving the diagnostic visibility of the disease site.

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Wang, Hao, Ting-Ting Dai, Bo-Lun Lu, et al. "Hybrid Dextran-gadolinium Nano-suitcases as High-relaxivity MRI Contrast Agents." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 36, no. 3 (2017): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-018-2083-1.

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8

Lahooti, Afsaneh, Saeed Sarkar, Sophie Laurent, and Saeed Shanehsazzadeh. "Dual nano-sized contrast agents in PET/MRI: a systematic review." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 11, no. 6 (2016): 428–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.1719.

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9

Gao, Zhenyu, Tiancong Ma, Enyu Zhao, et al. "Small is Smarter: Nano MRI Contrast Agents - Advantages and Recent Achievements." Small 12, no. 5 (2015): 556–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201502309.

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10

Zeng, Leyong, Di Wu, Ruifen Zou, Tianxiang Chen, Jinchao Zhang, and Aiguo Wu. "Paramagnetic and Superparamagnetic Inorganic Nanoparticles for T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 25 (2018): 2970–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170314124616.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a promising technique in the early diagnosis of cancers, especially the application of contrast agents can further enhance the detection limit. Compared with the dark signal in “negative” contrast agents (T2), “positive” contrast agents (T1) with bright signal are more desirable for high-resolution imaging. However, the clinically used gadolinium complexes have short circulation time and the risk of nephrogenic system fibrosis. Therefore, to overcome the disadvantage of T2 agents and traditional T1 agents, it is very interesting to develop nano-scaled T1-weighted MRI contrast agents with safer and more precise imaging performance. The present review systematically summarized the recent progress of paramagnetic and superparamagnetic inorganic nanoparticles as T1-weighted MRI contrast agents, including gadolinium oxide nanoparticles, gadoliniumbased upconversion nanoparticles, manganese oxide nanoparticles, and ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles. Moreover, we also described their applications in multi-modal imaging and visualized theranostics.

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Biju, Silvanose, and Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt. "Recent Advances in Lanthanide Based Nano-Architectures as Probes for Ultra High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 3 (2020): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180201110244.

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Paramagnetic Lanthanide ions incorporated into nano- architectures are emerging as a versatile platform for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their strong contrast enhancement effects combined with the platform capability to include multiple imaging modalities. This short review examines the application of lanthanide based nanoarchitectures (nanoparticles and nano- assemblies) in the development of multifunctional probes for single and multimodal imaging involving high field MRI as one imaging modality.

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12

Cao, Fang, and Ning Jiang. "Effect of Air-Containing Liposome Ultrasound Nano-Bubbles in the Pathological Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer." Science of Advanced Materials 14, no. 1 (2022): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2022.4174.

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Compared with micron-sized ultrasound contrast agents, the use of nano-carriers and blood vessels to penetrate into the tissue for imaging and the installation of therapeutic agents in the contrast agent carrier has become one of the current development trends of contrast agents. In this study, based on the self-assembly characteristics of phospholipid molecules on the surface of free bubbles, lipid-encapsulated nano-bubbles were prepared and optimized. Firstly, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) type nano-dissolved gas water was prepared based on the dissolved air pump method, and then it was combined with the dried phospholipids to form the air-containing liposomes (ACL). After the nano ACL was generated, it was undertaken as drug carrier, and Baze was used as a model drug to analyze its inhibitory effect on triple-negative breast cancer cells. Finally, in the clinical field, ultrasound combined with cancer antigen 125 (CA125) loaded with nano ACL was used for early pathological diagnosis of ovarian epithelial cancer. The test results showed that the distribution peak of the nano-dissolved gas water particles appeared at 140 nm, and the peak shifted after addition of sodium chloride (NaCl) or bazedoxifene (Baze), proving the existence of free nano-bubbles in the dissolved gas water. The number of layers of nano ACL was 4˜14, and the particle size was 193.8±6.2 nm. Under the conditions of in vitro ultrasound, both perfusion imaging and aggregation imaging showed strong ultrasound imaging effects. With the addition of drug-loaded ACL and 42.8 kPa ultrasound, the survival rate of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was only 61.28±2.38%, which meant that the drug-loaded nano ACL + ultrasound can significantly inhibit the cells survival rate (P <0.05). Ultrasound combined with CA125 loaded with nano ACL can greatly improve the early pathological diagnosis rate of epithelial ovarian cancer, and the corresponding positive rate exceeded 90% (P <0.05).

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13

Tang, Xiaoyi, Mengxin Zhao, Wei Li, and Jiaqi Zhao. "Nanoscale Contrast Agents for Ultrasound Imaging of Musculoskeletal System." Diagnostics 12, no. 11 (2022): 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112582.

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Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) has been recognized as an important method for the evaluation of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) technology is becoming an important branch of it. The development of novel materials and tiny nano-formulations has further expanded ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) into the field of nanotechnology. Over the years, nanoscale contrast agents have been found to play an unexpected role in the integration of precise imaging for diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases. It has been demonstrated that nanoscale UCAs (nUCAs) have advantages in imaging over conventional contrast agents, including superior biocompatibility, serum stability, and longer lifetime. The potential value of nUCAs in the musculoskeletal system is that they provide more reliable and clinically valuable guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of related diseases. The frontier of advances in nUCAs, their applications, and insights in MSKUS are reviewed in this paper.

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14

Liu, Zhen, Xiaogang Qu, and Jinsong Ren. "Recent progress of rare earth-based multi-modal nano-sized contrast agents." SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica 47, no. 2 (2017): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n032016-00143.

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15

Lu, Wei, Ning Wang, YanYan Chu, et al. "CLIC1 antibody conjugated nanoscale contrast agent as a sensitive and targeted molecular imaging probe for gallbladder cancer diagnosis." RSC Advances 6, no. 29 (2016): 24104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26593b.

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CLIC1 antibody-conjugated nano-scale contrast agents exhibit a fast and sensitive detection of gallbladder tumors and may be used in the future as powerful targeted molecular imaging probes for gallbladder cancer diagnosis.

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16

Harris, Michael, Sophie Carron, Luce Vander Elst, Sophie Laurent, Robert N. Muller, and Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt. "Magnetofluorescent micellar complexes of terbium(iii) as potential bimodal contrast agents for magnetic resonance and optical imaging." Chemical Communications 51, no. 14 (2015): 2984–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09759a.

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17

Wei, Li, Qianhui Liang, Wei Zhou, Haiyang Han, and Zuyi Mao. "Preparation of Targeted Nano-Microbubble Contrast Agent and Its Application in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 6 (2021): 1028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4027.

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The objective of this study was to explore the application value of microbubble contrast materials in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Firstly, ordinary nano-microbubbles and biotinylated nano-microbubbles were prepared by rotary evaporation method and mechanical vibration method. Then, the biotinylated anti-six-transmembrane prostate epithelial antigen-1 (STQWK-1) antibody was connected with the previously prepared nano-microbubbles with the help of biotin-avidin method, so as to generate a nano-microbubble contrast agent targeting prostate PC3 cells. While the contrast agent was characterized based on the immunofluorescence method, a microscope was applied to observe the in vitro targeting performance of targeted nano-microbubbles on PC3 cells. A prostate PC3 cell nude mouse transplanted tumor model was established, so that the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) effect of different contrast agents on transplanted tumor was compared, which were applied in CEUS examination of prostate cancer patients. The results showed that the targeted nano-microbubbles could display circular green fluorescence under the microscope, and the blank nano-microbubbles had no display under the microscope. Both ultrasonic microbubbles were circular and evenly distributed. The in vitro targeting experiments indicated that targeted nano-bubbles could accumulate on the surface of prostate cancer PC3 cells, and tumor transplantation model proved that the targeted contrast agent carrying STQWK-1 antibody had a strong development and enhancement effect. In the diagnosis of prostate cancer patients, the sensitivity (83.3% vs. 52%), specificity (66.7% vs. 36.3%), accuracy (75% vs. 47.2%), and other indicators of the diagnosis of targeted nano-bubbles prepared showed marked advantages compared with routine trans-rectal US (TRUS) diagnosis. The contrast agent prepared in this study could be specifically targeted to prostate PC3 cells in vitro, which had the effect of development and enhancement and had a good diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

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18

Chen, Jianmei, Yuanyuan Hao, Jiyan Lang, et al. "Application of Targeted Nano-Bubble Ultrasound Contrast Agent in the Detection of Arterial Intima Inflammation in Rats." Science of Advanced Materials 16, no. 1 (2024): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2024.4576.

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Tumor-specific antibodies or ligands were connected to the surface of nano-bubbles to form a targeted nano-bubble ultrasound contrast agent (UCA), which can accumulate in tumor tissues, enhance tumor tissue visualization, and realize extravascular disease detection and ultrasound molecular imaging. In this research, the positive and negative charges were attracted to promote the self-assembly connection between the targeted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody and the envelope surface of the nano-bubble, thereby obtaining a tumor-specific targeted nano-bubble UCA. Then, from the basic characterization, in vivo and in vitro ultrasound contrast performance analysis, a rat model of arterial intima inflammation in vivo was constructed. 16 Wistar rats were screened and divided into a control group and a contrast-enhanced ultrasound group. The imaging performance of the targeted molecules was analyzed by preparing an UCA. in vitro contrast-enhanced ultrasound found that the contrast intensity of self-made targeted nano-bubbles was greatly affected by concentration, but there was no linear relationship between the two. in vivo experiments were performed to observe rat liver contrast. The results showed that the contrast intensity and contrast time of the targeted nano-bubbles in vivo were greatly affected by the dose, and the stability in vivo was lower than the stability in vitro. Immunohistochemical tests found that P-selectin was expressed in large amounts in the intima of damaged blood vessels. Compared with ordinary contrast agents, the prepared targeted nano-UCA after modeling can enhance the video intensity of the inner membrane (P <0.05) and prolong the imaging time (P <0.05). It suggested that the contrast agent can specifically bind to P-selectin on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, and it was expected to be used for the detection of early inflammatory lesions in atherosclerotic diseases.

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19

Hu, Juan, Xianglong Zhu, Hui Li, et al. "Theranostic Au Cubic Nano-aggregates as Potential Photoacoustic Contrast and Photothermal Therapeutic Agents." Theranostics 4, no. 5 (2014): 534–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.8188.

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20

YANO, Kosaku, Tomohiro MATSUMOTO, Takako NAKAMURA, Yutaka OKAMOTO, Terumitsu HASEBE, and Atsushi HOTTA. "Synthesis and Development of Nano-size MRI Contrast Agents with Hydrophilic Nanodiamond Particles." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2019 (2019): OS0801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2019.os0801.

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21

Xi, Jiefeng, Yongping Chen, and Xingde Li. "Characterizing optical properties of nano contrast agents by using cross-referencing OCT imaging." Biomedical Optics Express 4, no. 6 (2013): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.4.000842.

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22

Zullino, Sara, Monica Argenziano, Ilaria Stura, Caterina Guiot, and Roberta Cavalli. "From Micro- to Nano-Multifunctional Theranostic Platform: Effective Ultrasound Imaging Is Not Just a Matter of Scale." Molecular Imaging 17 (January 1, 2018): 153601211877821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536012118778216.

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Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCAs) consisting of gas-filled-coated Microbubbles (MBs) with diameters between 1 and 10 µm have been used for a number of decades in diagnostic imaging. In recent years, submicron contrast agents have proven to be a viable alternative to MBs for ultrasound (US)-based applications for their capability to extravasate and accumulate in the tumor tissue via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. After a short overview of the more recent approaches to ultrasound-mediated imaging and therapeutics at the nanoscale, phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs), which can be phase-transitioned into highly echogenic MBs by means of US, are here presented. The phenomenon of acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) to produce bubbles is widely investigated for both imaging and therapeutic applications to develop promising theranostic platforms.

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23

Mathieu, Coppel, Respaud, et al. "Silica Coated Iron/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Nano-Platform for T2 Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Molecules 24, no. 24 (2019): 4629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244629.

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The growing concern over the toxicity of Gd-based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) motivates the search for less toxic and more effective alternatives. Among these alternatives, iron–iron oxide (Fe@FeOx) core-shell architectures have been long recognized as promising MRI contrast agents while limited information on their engineering is available. Here we report the synthesis of 10 nm large Fe@FeOx nanoparticles, their coating with a 11 nm thick layer of dense silica and functionalization by 5 kDa PEG chains to improve their biocompatibility. The nanomaterials obtained have been characterized by a set of complementary techniques such as infra-red and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zetametry, and magnetometry. They display hydrodynamic diameters in the 100 nm range, zetapotential values around −30 mV, and magnetization values higher than the reference contrast agent RESOVIST®. They display no cytotoxicity against 1BR3G and HCT116 cell lines and no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. Their nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles are typical for nanomaterials of this size and magnetization. They display high r2 relaxivity values and low r1 leading to enhanced r2/r1 ratios in comparison with RESOVIST®. All these data make them promising contrast agents to detect early stage tumors.

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Mohammadi, Elham, Massoud Amanlou, Seyed Esmaeil Sadat Ebrahimi, et al. "Cellular uptake, imaging and pathotoxicological studies of a novel Gd[iii]–DO3A-butrol nano-formulation." RSC Adv. 4, no. 86 (2014): 45984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05596a.

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25

Alipour, Bahman, Vahideh Alvandi, Mahboobeh Mehrabifard, et al. "Advances in nano-scale metal-based contrast agents for computed tomography: A systematic review." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 226 (January 2025): 112195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2024.112195.

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26

KODAMA, Tetsuya, Maiko Suzuki, and Yukio Tomita. "1260 Behavior of nano-scale contrast agents with ultrasound and mechanisms of molecular delivery." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2005.6 (2005): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.6.0_131.

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27

Andrews, Laura Emma, Ming-Hsien Chan, and Ru-Shi Liu. "Nano-lipospheres as acoustically active ultrasound contrast agents: evolving tumor imaging and therapy technique." Nanotechnology 30, no. 18 (2019): 182001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aafeb9.

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28

., Rusul Adnan Al-wardy, and Saad Khalid Rahi . "The Physical Properties and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles (Au NPs): Review." Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Science 3, no. 1 (2021): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54153/sjpas.2021.v3i1.179.

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Nanoparticles of gold that for years have been recognized are the concept of an increasingly rising reports number and of promising for electronic, optical, magnetic, biomedical and catalytic applications in century of 21st. Because of Nanoparticles of gold stability, an interest in such research is a reason for performing the current work. There are various types of AuNPs: Zero-dimensional AuNps: quantum dots, spherical nanoparticles. AuNPs as 1-dimensional: nanowires, nano-rods, nano-belts, nanotubes. AuNPs as 2-dimensional: nano-plates of gold, nano-shell and, AuNPs as 3 dimensional: nano tadpoles of gold, nano- dumbbells of gold (AuNDs), AuNPs being spread, for example, nano-dendrites of gold, nano-pods, and nano-stars. Au NPs, in the field of medicine are investigated for several applications include vectors of drug delivery, agents of contrast, and therapy of localized heat, biomarkers of ultra-sensitive and more. AuNPs are very attractive material for biosensor, chemosensory, genosensor and immunosensor production

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29

Listyowati, Indrarini, Rista D. Soetikno, and Leni Santiana. "Perbandingan Penyangatan Senyawa Pengontras Nano Partikel Emas Dendrimer Poly (Amidoamine) Konsentrasi dan Delay Time Berbeda pada Hepar Tikus dengan Pemeriksaan Computed Tomography." Jurnal Radiologi Indonesia 1, no. 3 (2016): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33748/jradidn.v1i3.17.

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Background: Computed tomography (CT) is one of the diagnostic imaging tool that is most commonly available in hospitals today. But unlike Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine imaging modalities, CT has not been considered as a molecular imaging modality because it does not have a specifc-targeted contrast agents. Diagnostic quality of CT scans can be improved by using specifc-targeted contrast agents. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can be used as X-ray contrast agents that can overcome some of the limitations of the iodine-based contrast agents. Higher atomic numbers than iodine and its ability to be able to bind to the dendrimer support that AuNPS could be developed as a specifc-targeted contrast agents.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the enhancement relationship of AuNPs-Poly(amido)amine in the rat liver with di?erent concentration and delay time on CT scans.Materials and Methods: This research is an experimental study with a statistical analysis to determine enhancement di?erences on rat liver given AuNPs-PAMAM with di?erent concentration and delay time. The samples were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 6 rats. The independent variables in this study were the delay time and the concentration of AuNPs-PAMAM, the dependent variables was the enhancement on rat liver.Results: The results obtained showed that the average value enhancement of AuNPs-PAMAM is highest in 10 minutes delay time at a concentration of 1 mg/dL. Statistical analysis showed that there were signifcant di?erences between AuNPs-PAMAM contrast enhancement in the rat liver with di?erent concentration and delay time on CT scan with p-value less than alpha (0.000 <0.05).Conclusions: Concentration and delay time contribute to the average value enhancement of AuNPs-PAMAM contrast agent on CT scan. This new type of contrast agent can be further developed as a more specifc-targeted contrast agent for CT scan examination.

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Ramesh, Kalyan, Alice Truong, Yuzhen Wang, Mary Rusckowski, and Manos Gkikas. "Ligand-Specific Nano-Contrast Agents Promote Enhanced Breast Cancer CT Detection at 0.5 mg Au." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (2022): 9926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179926.

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For many cancer types, being undetectable from early symptoms or blood tests, or often detected at late stages, medical imaging emerges as the most efficient tool for cancer screening. MRI, ultrasound, X-rays (mammography), and X-ray CT (CT) are currently used in hospitals with variable costs. Diagnostic materials that can detect breast tumors through molecular recognition and amplify the signal at the targeting site in combination with state-of-the-art CT techniques, such as dual-energy CT, could lead to a more precise detection and assist significantly in image-guided intervention. Herein, we have developed a ligand-specific X-ray contrast agent that recognizes α5β1 integrins overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells for detection of triple (−) cancer, which proliferates very aggressively. In vitro studies show binding and internalization of our nanoprobes within those cells, towards uncoated nanoparticles (NPs) and saline. In vivo studies show high retention of ~3 nm ligand-PEG-S-AuNPs in breast tumors in mice (up to 21 days) and pronounced CT detection, with statistical significance from saline and iohexol, though only 0.5 mg of metal were utilized. In addition, accumulation of ligand-specific NPs is shown in tumors with minimal presence in other organs, relative to controls. The prolonged, low-metal, NP-enhanced spectral-CT detection of triple (−) breast cancer could lead to breakthrough advances in X-ray cancer diagnostics, nanotechnology, and medicine.

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Hosseini, Asieh, Alireza Ebadollahi-Natanzi, Mohammad Foroughi, and Seyed V. Shetab-Boushehri. "Barium- and Bismuth-loaded Clinoptilolite Micro- and Nano-Particles as Proposed New Efficient Contrast Agents." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 23, no. 3 (2020): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207323666200218113537.

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Aim and Objective: Clinoptilolite is one of the natural zeolites. Clinoptilolite particles have a high surface area, negative surface charge, cation adsorption and exchange capacities. Barium sulfate (BaSO4) and bismuth subnitrate (Bi5H9N4O22) suspensions have been used for upper and lower gastrointestinal imaging but Ba2+ and Bi3+ ions are toxic. In the present study, the feasibility of the application of Ba2+- and Bi3+-loaded clinoptilolite micro- and nano-particles in medical imaging was investigated. Materials and Methods: Nanoparticles and microparticles of natural clinoptilolite were loaded with Ba2+ and Bi3+ ions. Radiopacities of loaded particles were measured and compared with those of BaSO4 and Bi5H9N4O22. Results: Ba2+- and Bi3+-loaded clinoptilolite nanoparticles and microparticles showed more intense X-ray opacities than BaSO4 and Bi5H9N4O22 with equimolar concentrations. Moreover, Ba2+- and Bi3+-loaded clinoptilolite nanoparticles more intensely absorbed X-ray than respective loaded microparticles. Conclusion: The present study proposes Ba2+- and Bi3+-loaded clinoptilolite nanoparticles and microparticles as new, safe, efficient, and inexpensive contrast agents.

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Stein, Ashley F., Jan Ilavsky, Rael Kopace, Eric E. Bennett, and Han Wen. "Selective imaging of nano-particle contrast agents by a single-shot x-ray diffraction technique." Optics Express 18, no. 12 (2010): 13271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.013271.

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Li, Xiang, Nicolas Anton, Guy Zuber та ін. "Iodinated α-tocopherol nano-emulsions as non-toxic contrast agents for preclinical X-ray imaging". Biomaterials 34, № 2 (2013): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.026.

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Hu, Yinfeng, Shengmin Zhang, Minhua Guo, et al. "Preparation of Lipid Nano-Bubbles as Contrast Agent Material for Tumor Ultrasound Diagnosis of Breast Cancer." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 8 (2020): 1184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3819.

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Ultrasound diagnostic technology has higher application values in tumor diagnosis due to its higher spatial resolution and no radiation. Ultrasound lipid nanobubble contrast material can further improve the accuracy of tumor diagnosis. Therefore, the liposomes were used as shells to encapsulate bio-inert gases to prepare nano-scale microbubbles NBs. Meanwhile, the Annexin V molecules were connected through the conjugation of biotin-avidin to prepare targeted nano-scale ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) Annexin V-Nanobubbles (AVNBs). The tumor-bearing mice apoptosis models were constructed by injecting human breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells, and the nano-scale UCA AV-NBs was used for ultrasound diagnosis, data collection, and statistical analysis. The results showed that the prepared AV-NBs were nano-sized hollow spheres with relatively stable particle size, zeta potential, and excellent stability. By verifying the constructed mice apoptosis models, it was found that mice heterotopic transplantation tumor apoptosis models were successfully constructed. When the mice models were observed by ultrasound, the apoptosis index of the cell was found to be positively correlated with the enhancement degree of the image. Therefore, the enhancement effect of the targeted UCA AV-NBs was obvious. The AV-NBs could be specifically targeted to the apoptotic region of tumor tissue in vivo, which was also slightly enriched in the liver and kidney. Therefore, the experiment found that the targeted nano-scale UCA AV-NBs combined with ultrasound detection could significantly enhance the diagnostic accuracy of breast cancer tumors, which provided the experimental evidence for early tumor diagnosis and evaluation.

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Motiei, Menachem, Tamar Dreifuss, Tamar Sadan, et al. "Trimodal Nanoparticle Contrast Agent for CT, MRI and SPECT Imaging: Synthesis and Characterization of Radiolabeled Core/Shell Iron Oxide@Gold Nanoparticles." Chemistry Letters 48, no. 3 (2019): 291–94. https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.180780.

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Recently, nanoparticles have emerged as promising contrast agents for various imaging applications. In this paper, we present the synthesis and characterization of a novel hybrid nano-structure, consisting of an iron oxide@gold nanoparticle, labeled with technetium-99m, for trimodal SPECT/CT/MRI imaging. The particles showed efficient capabilities as CT/MRI imaging agent and high radiochemical yield, indicating a potential single hybrid material for multimodal SPECT/CT/MRI.

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Safarik, Ivo, and Mirka Safarikova. "Magnetically Responsive Nanocomposite Materials for Bioapplications." Solid State Phenomena 151 (April 2009): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.151.88.

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Magnetic nano- and microparticles have already found many important applications in various areas of biosciences, medicine, biotechnology, environmental technology etc. These smart materials exhibit different types of response to external magnetic field. In most cases they can be described as composite materials, where the magnetic properties are caused by the presence of iron oxides nano- or microparticles. Such materials can be efficiently separated from difficult-to-handle samples and targeted to the desired place, applied as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, used to generate heat during exposure to alternating magnetic field or to modify biomolecules and biological structures.

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Liu, Guangheng, Xiangfeng Yang, Qiming Niu, and Wenkui Sun. "Novel Difolate Targeting Nano-Level Ultrasound Contrast Agent for Therapy of Breast Cancer Tumor Cells." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 7 (2021): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4038.

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ABSTRACTA new type of difolate targeting nano-level ultrasound contrast agent ((folate molecule, FOL)2-TUAs) was prepared, so as to investigate its targeted binding effect with human breast cancer mammary carcinoma cells (MCF-7) in vitro. L-2-aminoadipic acid (L-2-AD) as a branch unit was inserted at the hydroxyl end of distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DISP)-PEG2000-COOH to construct a tree structure. At this time, the free hydroxyl group in the distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DISP)-PEG2000-COOH structure modified the FOL with the help of N-Hydroxysuccinimide/N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (NHS/DCC). Each 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DISP-PEG2000) connected two FOLs to generate difolate targeted nanomaterials. Nano laser particle size (PS) and Zeta potential analyzer (ZPA) were applied to analyze the physical characteristics of the material such as PS and dispersion, and the enhanced development effect in vitro was detected by the ultrasonic diagnostic instrument. Besides, the targeted binding ability of the contrast agent based on this material to folate receptor (FR) overexpressing MCF-7 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence microscope. In the experiment, hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) demonstrated that (FOL)2-TUAs was successfully synthesized. The surface of this material was round and uniformly distributed without aggregation. According to the relative number of FOL molecules, non-targeted nano-agent (U-TUA), monofolate targeted nano-agent (FOL-TUA), and difolate targeted nano-agent ((FOL)2-TUA) were obtained. The in vitro imaging showed that different materials exhibited enhanced imaging effects in ultrasonic diagnostic equipment. FCM and fluorescence microscopy both indicated that the difolate TUA could achieve a good binding to MCF-7 cells. Most of the nano-agents were attached to the cell membrane, surrounded by red fluorophore, namely increasing the FOL content of DISP-PEG2000 chain could enhance the targeted binding ability of tumor cells.

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Duan, Wenjuan, Guifang Liu, Cheng Guo, and Yunhui Qu. "Preparation of Nano Materials Fe@Fe3O4 and Its Application in Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Liver Functions." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 5 (2021): 906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.3994.

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The strengths of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lied in the strong penetrability, high resolution, no radiation, and non-invasion, while the sensitivity of MRI was too weak to distinguish the normal physiological tissue and pathological tissue. The contrast agent (CAs) was used to enhance the contrast ration of normal tissue and pathological tissue, and raise the precision of the diagnosis. The Ferric oxide with higher magnetic moment has been extensively applied in T2-weighted MRI contrast agents. In the study, the oil soluble nano materials (Fe@Fe3O4) was prepared, and its surface was modified using the large and small molecule ligands, and it was connected to F56 peptide, so as to construct the MRI-specific bimodal contrast agent (Fe–Fe NPs/HYA/F56). While the material was characterized, it can be used in clinical evaluation of liver functions. In the test, as the clad material was growing, the saturation magnetization of the material encountered a drop. The nano particle (Fe@Fe3O4) was modified with functional groups, and no obvious variation occurred to its structure and particle size. The morphology and potential were analyzed to confirm whether F56 peptide was connected to the nano particle (Fe@Fe3O4). The analysis of cell showed that the nano particle (Fe–Fe NPs/HYA/F56) had lower cytotoxicity, and the materials had better targeted performance, which had been verified in the mouse tumor model. The preparation materials were applied in evaluation of clinical studies on liver function. The quantitative analysis of the absolute enhancement value (AEV) and contrast enhancement rate (CER) of liver around the MRI-enhanced cancer was conducted. The results showed, the pathology grade of liver functions (pathological tissue and cirrhotic tissue) was related to the above indicators. The MRI contrast agent can be used to predict the pathology grade.

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Ly, Joanne, Yuhuan Li, Mai N. Vu, et al. "Nano-assemblies of cationic mPEG brush block copolymers with gadolinium polyoxotungstate [Gd(W5O18)2]9− form stable, high relaxivity MRI contrast agents." Nanoscale 10, no. 15 (2018): 7270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr01544a.

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Habib, Saffiya, and Moganavelli Singh. "Angiopep-2-Modified Nanoparticles for Brain-Directed Delivery of Therapeutics: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 4 (2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040712.

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Nanotechnology has opened up a world of possibilities for the treatment of brain disorders. Nanosystems can be designed to encapsulate, carry, and deliver a variety of therapeutic agents, including drugs and nucleic acids. Nanoparticles may also be formulated to contain photosensitizers or, on their own, serve as photothermal conversion agents for phototherapy. Furthermore, nano-delivery agents can enhance the efficacy of contrast agents for improved brain imaging and diagnostics. However, effective nano-delivery to the brain is seriously hampered by the formidable blood–brain barrier (BBB). Advances in understanding natural transport routes across the BBB have led to receptor-mediated transcytosis being exploited as a possible means of nanoparticle uptake. In this regard, the oligopeptide Angiopep-2, which has high BBB transcytosis capacity, has been utilized as a targeting ligand. Various organic and inorganic nanostructures have been functionalized with Angiopep-2 to direct therapeutic and diagnostic agents to the brain. Not only have these shown great promise in the treatment and diagnosis of brain cancer but they have also been investigated for the treatment of brain injury, stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. This review focuses on studies conducted from 2010 to 2021 with Angiopep-2-modified nanoparticles aimed at the treatment and diagnosis of brain disorders.

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Wang, Yi, Lech Muszynski, and John Simonsen. "Gold as an X-ray CT scanning contrast agent: Effect on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites." Holzforschung 61, no. 6 (2007): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.117.

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Abstract Wood plastic composites (WPCs) are typically composed of wood particles, thermoplastic polymers and small amounts of additives. Further improvement of WPC technology requires a better understanding of their mechanical performance and durability on the micro level. X-ray computed tomography (CT) and advanced imaging techniques can provide visualization and support characterization of the internal structure, deformation and damage accumulation in WPCs under loading and various environmental exposures. However, both wood and thermoplastics are weakly attenuating materials for X-ray and good contrast between these two components is difficult to obtain. In the present study, chemically inert gold nano-particles and micro-particles were investigated as contrast agents to improve X-ray CT scanning contrast between wood and thermoplastics. The effect of adding 1% (by wt.) gold nano- and micro-particles on the tensile properties of wood/high-density polyethylene composites was addressed. Samples with and without surfactant were tested in tension and scanned on a custom desktop X-ray CT system. It was found that the addition of gold particles did not impair the WPC tensile properties. However, some of the tensile properties were significantly affected if the surfactant was included. Gold micro-particles were shown to disperse well without surfactant and significantly improve the X-ray CT scanning contrast between wood and polymer, while gold nano-particles (without surfactant) did not disperse well and do not contribute to contrast improvement.

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Gao, Yunxiang. "Carbon Nano-Allotrope/Magnetic Nanoparticle Hybrid Nanomaterials as T2 Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 9, no. 1 (2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb9010016.

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Pansare, Vikram J., Shahram Hejazi, William J. Faenza, and Robert K. Prud’homme. "Review of Long-Wavelength Optical and NIR Imaging Materials: Contrast Agents, Fluorophores, and Multifunctional Nano Carriers." Chemistry of Materials 24, no. 5 (2012): 812–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm2028367.

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Li, Jingjing, Jia You, Chen Wu, et al. "T1–T2 Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Renal Carcinoma Cells Based on Nano-Contrast Agents [Erratum]." International Journal of Nanomedicine Volume 18 (February 2023): 561–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s404128.

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Bowman, Tyler, Alec Walter, Olga Shenderova, Nicholas Nunn, Gary McGuire, and Magda El-Shenawee. "A phantom study of terahertz spectroscopy and imaging of micro- and nano-diamonds and nano-onions as contrast agents for breast cancer." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 3, no. 5 (2017): 055001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/aa87c2.

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Thangam, Ramar, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, and Heemin Kang. "Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010018.

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Functionalized nanomaterials of various categories are essential for developing cancer nano-theranostics for brain diseases; however, some limitations exist in their effectiveness and clinical translation, such as toxicity, limited tumor penetration, and inability to cross blood–brain and blood-tumor barriers. Metal nanomaterials with functional fluorescent tags possess unique properties in improving their functional properties, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), superparamagnetism, and photo/bioluminescence, which facilitates imaging applications in addition to their deliveries. Moreover, these multifunctional nanomaterials could be synthesized through various chemical modifications on their physical surfaces via attaching targeting peptides, fluorophores, and quantum dots (QD), which could improve the application of these nanomaterials by facilitating theranostic modalities. In addition to their inherent CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PAI (Photo-acoustic imaging), and X-ray contrast imaging, various multifunctional nanoparticles with imaging probes serve as brain-targeted imaging candidates in several imaging modalities. The primary criteria of these functional nanomaterials for translational application to the brain must be zero toxicity. Moreover, the beneficial aspects of nano-theranostics of nanoparticles are their multifunctional systems proportioned towards personalized disease management via comprising diagnostic and therapeutic abilities in a single biodegradable nanomaterial. This review highlights the emerging aspects of engineered nanomaterials to reach and deliver therapeutics to the brain and how to improve this by adopting the imaging modalities for theranostic applications.

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Li, Zhongtao, Guiqiang Qi, Guangyue Shi, Meng Zhang, Haifeng Hu, and Liguo Hao. "Engineered Graphene Quantum Dots as a Magnetic Resonance Signal Amplifier for Biomedical Imaging." Molecules 28, no. 5 (2023): 2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052363.

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The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nano-contrast agents (nano-CAs) has increasingly attracted scholarly interest owing to their size, surface chemistry, and stability. Herein, a novel T1 nano-CA (Gd(DTPA)−GQDs) was successfully prepared through the functionalization of graphene quantum dots with poly(ethylene glycol) bis(amine) and their subsequent incorporation into Gd-DTPA. Remarkably, the resultant as-prepared nano-CA displayed an exceptionally high longitudinal proton relaxivity (r1) of 10.90 mM−1 s−1 (R2 = 0.998), which was significantly higher than that of commercial Gd-DTPA (4.18 mM−1 s−1, R2 = 0.996). The cytotoxicity studies indicated that the Gd(DTPA)−GQDs were not cytotoxic by themselves. The results of the hemolysis assay and the in vivo safety evaluation demonstrate the outstanding biocompatibility of Gd(DTPA)−GQDs. The in vivo MRI study provides evidence that Gd(DTPA)−GQDs exhibit exceptional performance as T1-CAs. This research constitutes a viable approach for the development of multiple potential nano-CAs with high-performance MR imaging capabilities.

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López-Peña, Gabriel, Silvia Simón-Fuente, Dirk H. Ortgies, et al. "Eosin Y-Functionalized Upconverting Nanoparticles: Nanophotosensitizers and Deep Tissue Bioimaging Agents for Simultaneous Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications." Cancers 15, no. 1 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010102.

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Functionalized upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising theragnostic nanomaterials for simultaneous therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. We present two types of non-toxic eosin Y (EY) nanoconjugates derived from UCNPs as novel nanophotosensitizers (nano-PS) and deep-tissue bioimaging agents employing light at 800 nm. This excitation wavelength ensures minimum cell damage, since the absorption of water is negligible, and increases tissue penetration, enhancing the specificity of the photodynamic treatment (PDT). These UCNPs are uniquely qualified to fulfil three important roles: as nanocarriers, as energy-transfer materials, and as contrast agents. First, the UCNPs enable the transport of EY across the cell membrane of living HeLa cells that would not be possible otherwise. This cellular internalization facilitates the use of such EY-functionalized UCNPs as nano-PS and allows the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 800 nm light inside the cell. This becomes possible due to the upconversion and energy transfer processes within the UCNPs, circumventing the excitation of EY by green light, which is incompatible with deep tissue applications. Moreover, the functionalized UCNPs present deep tissue NIR-II fluorescence under 808 nm excitation, thus demonstrating their potential as bioimaging agents in the NIR-II biological window.

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Tariq, Zahra, Muhammad Imran Qadeer, Iram Anjum, Christophe Hano, and Sumaira Anjum. "Thalassemia and Nanotheragnostics: Advanced Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment." Biosensors 13, no. 4 (2023): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13040450.

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Thalassemia is a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations, which lead to abnormal or reduced production of hemoglobin. Ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, hepcidin suppression, and iron overload are common manifestations that vary according to genotypes and dictate, which diagnosis and therapeutic modalities, including transfusion therapy, iron chelation therapy, HbF induction, gene therapy, and editing, are performed. These conventional therapeutic methods have proven to be effective, yet have several disadvantages, specifically iron toxicity, associated with them; therefore, there are demands for advanced therapeutic methods. Nanotechnology-based applications, such as the use of nanoparticles and nanomedicines for theragnostic purposes have emerged that are simple, convenient, and cost-effective methods. The therapeutic potential of various nanoparticles has been explored by developing artificial hemoglobin, nano-based iron chelating agents, and nanocarriers for globin gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9. Au, Ag, carbon, graphene, silicon, porous nanoparticles, dendrimers, hydrogels, quantum dots, etc., have been used in electrochemical biosensors development for diagnosis of thalassemia, quantification of hemoglobin in these patients, and analysis of conventional iron chelating agents. This review summarizes the potential of nanotechnology in the development of various theragnostic approaches to determine thalassemia-causing gene mutations using various nano-based biosensors along with the employment of efficacious nano-based therapeutic procedures, in contrast to conventional therapies.

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Hannecart, Adeline, Dimitri Stanicki, Luce Vander Elst, et al. "Nano-thermometers with thermo-sensitive polymer grafted USPIOs behaving as positive contrast agents in low-field MRI." Nanoscale 7, no. 8 (2015): 3754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr07064j.

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