Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nano fibrils of cellulose

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Academic literature on the topic 'Nano fibrils of cellulose'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nano fibrils of cellulose"

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Hrabalova, Marta, Manfred Schwanninger, Rupert Wimmer, Adriana Gregorova, Tanja Zimmermann, and Norbert Mundigler. "Fibrillation of flax and wheat straw cellulose: Effects on thermal, morphological, and viscoelastic properties of poly(vinylalcohol)/fibre composites." BioResources 6, no. 2 (March 23, 2011): 1631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.2.1631-1647.

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Nano-fibrillated cellulose was produced from flax and wheat straw cellulose pulps by high pressure disintegration. The reinforcing potential of both disintegrated nano-celluloses in a polyvinyl-alcohol matrix was evaluated. Disintegration of wheat straw was significantly more time and energy consuming. Disintegration did not lead to distinct changes in the degree of polymerization; however, the fibre diameter reduction was more than a hundredfold, creating a nano-fibrillated cellulose network, as shown through field-emission-scanning electron microscopy. Composite films were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol and filled with nano-fibrillated celluloses up to 40% mass fractions. Nano-fibrillated flax showed better dispersion in the polyvinyl alcohol matrix, compared to nano-fibrillated wheat straw. Dynamic mechanical analysis of composites revealed that the glass transition and rubbery region increased more strongly with included flax nano-fibrils. Intermolecular interactions between cellulose fibrils and polyvinyl alcohol matrix were shown through differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The selection of appropriate raw cellulose material for high pressure disintegration was an indispensable factor for the processing of nano-fibrillated cellulose, which is essential for the functional optimization of products.
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Chen, Wen Shuai, Hai Peng Yu, Peng Chen, Nai Xiang Jiang, Jiang Hua Shen, Yi Xing Liu, and Qing Li. "Preparation and Morphological Characteristics of Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.255.

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Cellulose micro/nano fibrils generated from biomass are relative new reinforcing materials for polymer composites, which have potential lightweight and high strength and are renewable. In the present study, the preparation method of extracting cellulose micro/nano fibrils from wood was introduced. After successful disintegration, the morphological characteristics of the wood fibers, purified cellulose fibers, cellulose fibers activated by ultrasonic-wave and cellulose micro/nano fibrils after homogenization treatment, were compared by visual examination and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that cellulose micro/nano fibrils have been efficiently extracted from wood, which have great potential in the application areas of papermaking, bio-nanocomposites, food, cosmetics/skin cream, medical/pharmaceutical, and so on.
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Wu, Yan, Zhi Hui Wu, and Ji Lei Zhang. "Preparation of Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils by Sonochemical Method and its Morphological Characterization." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.864.

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The eucalyptus cellulose micro/nano fibrils were prepared by using high intensity ultrasonication with chemical pretreatment. The basic characteristics of cellulose micro/nano fibrils were evaluated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction instrument (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Ioelovich, Michael. "Cellulose as a nanostructured polymer: A short review." BioResources 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2008): 1403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.3.4.ioelovich.

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Cellulose has a complex, multi-level supermolecular architecture. This natural polymer is built from superfine fibrils having diameters in the nano scale, and each such nanofibril contains ordered nanocrystallites and low-ordered nano-domains. In this review, the nano-structure of cellulose and its influence on various properties of the polymer is discussed. In particular, the ability of nano-scale crystallites to undergo lateral co-crystallization and aggregation, as well as to undergo phase transformation through dissolution, alkalization, and chemical modification of cellulose has been the subject of investigation. The recent investigations pave the way for development of highly reactive cellulosic materials. Methods for preparation nanofibrillated cellulose and free nano-particles are described. Some application areas of the nanostruc-tured and nano-cellulose are discussed.
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Figovsky, Oleg, and Michael Ioelovich. "Nano Structure and Properties of Beta–D-Poly-Glucopyranose." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.739.

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Beta–D-poly-glucopyranose is widespread class of the natural semi-crystalline polysaccharide known as cellulose. This polymer has complicated multi-level supermolecular structure. It is built from elementary nano-fibrils and their aggregates; moreover, each nano-fibril contains ordered nanocrystallites and low-ordered amorphous nano-domains. Therefore cellulose can be a pronounced and eminent representative of nano-structured matters. Such nano matter has peculiar physico-chemical properties depending on specific surface of nano-scale constituents. In this paper, physico-chemistry of the nano-structured cellulose is discussed. In particular, the ability of nano-scale crystallites to co-crystallization and aggregation, as well as their ability to phase transformation through dissolution, alkalization and chemical modification was a subject of the investigation. Structural characteristics of paracrystalline surface layers of nano-crystallites and their effect on physico-chemical properties of the polysaccharide have been discussed.
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Wang, Xin, Yan Wu, and Jin Tian Huang. "Investigation of Morphology of Vetier (Vetiveria zizanioides) Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils Isolated by High Intensity Ultrasonication." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.796.

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The Vetier (Vetiveria zizanioides) cellulose micro/nano fibrils (VCMNFs) were isolated by high intensity ultrasonication (HIUS). The morphology and diameter distribution of cellulose fiber and micro/nano fibrils were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electric microscopy (SEM) and laser diameter analysis instrument. The range of diameter distribution of micro/nano fibrils was from 0.24 μm to 426 μm. With the variation of treating amplitude and time by HIUS, the extent of fibrillation and diameter distribution were different. There were significant changes of diameter distribution treated at amplitude of 90% and 30 min or 60 min and the diameter distribution was showed from 7.0 to 80 μm.
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Pitkänen, Marja, Heli Kangas, Ossi Laitinen, Asko Sneck, Panu Lahtinen, Maria Soledad Peresin, and Jouko Niinimäki. "Characteristics and safety of nano-sized cellulose fibrils." Cellulose 21, no. 6 (September 4, 2014): 3871–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0397-x.

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Salari, Maryam, Dimitrios Bitounis, Kunal Bhattacharya, Georgios Pyrgiotakis, Zhenyuan Zhang, Emilia Purington, William Gramlich, et al. "Development & characterization of fluorescently tagged nanocellulose for nanotoxicological studies." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 5 (2019): 1516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8en01381k.

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Wu, Yan, Zhi Hui Wu, Xu Jun Zhang, Ji Lei Zhang, and Xiao Xing Yan. "Influence of Sonomechanical Treatment on the Structure of Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.526.

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The fast-growing Eucalyptus (E. Europhylla) was used as the raw materials to prepare for micro/nanocellulose fibrils. The morphology changes of cellulose by sodium hydroxide linkage ultrasonic energy treatment was discussed. The properties of treated cellulose was evaluated by X-ray , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. By the degree of crystallinity of the experimental test results showed that: a high concentration (17.5%, mass fraction) NaOH solution swelling with ultrosonication chemical pretreatment of cellulose prepared micro/nanofibrils change in crystal form, that is transformed cellulose I into cellulose II. However, the cellulose micro/nanofibrils remained crystalline cellulose I type after treated by a low concentration (2%, mass fraction) NaOH solution swelling with ultrosonicaion chemical pretreatment. High alkali activation sound chemical pretreatment increased the crystallinity of obtained micro/nanofibrils, the corresponding values were 89.2% and 86.3%. Observed by the scanning electron microscope that: a low concentration alkaline with ultrosonication chemical pretreatment increased the degree of sub-wire broom, the fiber surface area increased accordingly, and the fiber is more "open", so that the reaction activity of the cellulose fibers improved. The infrared spectrum showed that: the chemical changes between cellulose micro/nanofibrils and NaOH occurred after mercerization.
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Wang, Xin, Yan Wu, and Jin Tian Huang. "Research on Performance of Vetier (Vetiveria zizanioides) Cellulose Micro/Nano Fibrils Isolated by High Intensity Ultrasonication." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1405.

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The cellulose micro/nano fibrils of Vetier (Vetiveria zizanioides) were isolated by high intensity ultrasonication in this paper. The basic properties of micro/nano fibrils were evaluated by WAXD and FTIR. The results showed that the relative crystallinity decreased when treated by high intensity ultrasonication. The characteristic absorption peak moved to higher wave number and the type of group increased with increasing the vibration of ultrasonication. The characteristic absorption peak moved to higher wave number with increasing treated time, however, the effect was insignificant.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nano fibrils of cellulose"

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Hernandez, Zurine. "Conditions required for spinning continuous fibres from cellulose nano-fibrils." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2012. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/5286.

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The thesis describes a programme of work to develop a novel cellulose based fibre. The most important innovative step in this work lies in the manufacture of the fibre from a chiral nematic suspension of plant based cellulose nano-fibrils. In the course of the project a number of key steps have been addressed in the development process. These included: • Developing a method for extraction of nano-fibrils from wood and cotton based pulp and filter paper; • Development of concentrated chiral nematic suspensions of the nano-fibrils suitable for extrusion (spinning); • Spinning a continuous fibre or filament; • Fibre characterization. A key objective of the work was to understand the factors that could contribute to nematic order of the nano-fibrils in the fibre and produce a high strength fibre. The fibres developed showed reasonably good strength potential and good stiffness properties with the best fibres having a tenacity of between 40 and 100 cN/tex and an initial modulus of 5000-6000 cN/tex. These values fall midway between lyocell and Kevlar. Two patents have to date been published based upon the developments described in this work (Turner et al., 2010, 2011). However, the work highlighted a number of gaps in current knowledge that prevented development of the full potential strength properties of these fibres. These included: • Incomplete knowledge of the gel conditions required to achieve complete alignment of the fibrils in the spinning process; • Challenges in being able to draw the fibre sufficiently during spinning to produce target fibre diameters of 5-10μm; • The linear density of the spun fibres had a key impact on fibre strength. It was only when linear density values dropped below 1 tex (1g/km) that a significant increase in fibre strength occurred. Factors that had an important impact on linear density included solids content of the suspension, zeta potential, extrusion rate and fibre drying temperature. All these factors relate directly to the mobility of the cellulose nano-fibrils and their subsequent ability to align under flow during spinning. The thesis can be seen as a first phase in an ongoing process to develop a new approach to the manufacture of cellulose based industrial textile fibres.
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Falcoz-Vigne, Léa. "Caractérisation et modélisation des interactions cellulose - hémicelluloses au sein des microfibrilles de cellulose (MFC)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV091/document.

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Le cadre de cette étude est le coût énergétique lié à la production des Microfibrilles de Cellulose (MFC) qui est aujourd’hui un facteur limitant à son développement à l’échelle industrielle. Le but de cette étude est de caractériser les interactions cellulose/hémicellulose au sein de ces systèmes.Des MFC provenant de différentes pâtes à papier chimiques ont été caractérisées par RMN du solide afin d’obtenir des informations à l’échelle moléculaire. Suite à l’optimisation d’un protocole expérimental, les hémicelluloses contenues dans les MFC issues de pâte kraft de bouleau ont ensuite été extraites avec un rendement de 60% et sont composés uniquement d’un homopolymère de xylan de DP 75.La turbidimétrie a été utilisée pour qualifier la qualité des suspensions, dont il a été montré qu’elle dépend fortement du procédé de mise en pâte et du séchage. Des corrélations positives ont été établies entre l’état de dispersion et les propriétés mécaniques de feuilles de papier additionnées de microfibrilles. L’analyse RMN de modèles biomimétiques reconstitués a confirmé le changement de conformation du xylan lorsqu’il est adsorbé sur la cellulose et les mesures de surface spécifique ont montré que seule la couche de xylan en contact avec la cellulose était concernée par ce changement.Les interactions cellulose/xylane ont été étudiées par RMN du solide et par dynamique moléculaire atomistique (MD). Les simulations MD ont montré que le xylan s’adsorbe parallèlement aux chaines de cellulose. Des mesures d'interaction sur ce système ont conduit à une mesure d'énergie de 9kJ/résidu de xylose.Des tests de mesure d’adhésion ont également été réalisés à partir d’un modèle trois couches constitué de xylan entre deux films de cellulose et une forte adhésion a pu être observée.L’utilisation de xylanase comme prétraitement est proposé pour améliorer la production des MFC
The study was motivated by the necessity to reduce the high energy costs of Micro-Fibrillated Cellulose (MFC) production, which is a limiting factor for its industrial development and aimed at understanding the cellulose/hemicelluloses interaction within this system. MFC resulting from different chemical pulps were characterized by solid-state NMR spectroscopy to get information on the hemicelluloses content and molecular conformation. By optimizing an extraction protocol, more than 60% of the residual hemicelluloses were extracted from birch kraft MFC and characterized as a high purity homopolymer of β-1,4 linked xylan of DP 75.Turbidimetry was used to qualify the quality of the suspensions, which strongly depended on the pulping and drying history. Positive correlations between the state of dispersion, specific surface and mechanical properties of MFC-reinforced handsheets were evidenced.Cellulose/xylan interactions were investigated using solid-state NMR and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. NMR spectra confirmed that xylan in contact with cellulose altered its conformation, from the three-fold helix to a presumable cellulose-like two-fold one. In combination with specific surface area measurements, the conformational change was shown to happen only for the first layer of xylan adsorbed in direct interaction with the cellulose surface. MD simulations showed that adsorbed xylan tends to align parallel to the cellulose chain direction fully extended. Interaction energy between xylan chain and cellulose surface estimated with MD was 9kJ/xylose. Then a three-layers system made of xylan between two cellulose films were built to perform adhesion tests that showed strong adhesion between xylan and cellulose surfaces. Xylanase was proposed as a pulp pretreatment for MFC production
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Guezennec, Céline. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux d'emballage à partir de micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI067/document.

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Développement de nouveaux matériaux d'emballage à base de micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose. Les micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose (MFC/NFC) sont des nanomatériaux issus de ressources renouvelables présentant un fort intérêt notamment pour le domaine de l'emballage. En plus des avantages naturels de la cellulose, ces matériaux offrent des propriétés barrières prometteuses (Oxygen, graisse), de bonnes propriétés de résistance mécanique ainsi que la possibilité de produire des films transparents. L'objectif de cette thèse était de développer par des procédés d'endution un carton barrière au gaz et aux graisses en utilisant les MFC/NFC. Différentes suspensions de MFC/NFC ont été premièrement characterisées puis utilisées pour la production de films afin de déterminer leurs propriétés intrinsèques. Des films modèles ont ensuite été développés avec la production de composites matrice/MFC. Une dernière partie était focalisée sur l'introduction de MFC/NFC dans des sauces de couchage afin de développer une couche barrière à la surface d'un carton. Un démonstrateur a ainsi été validé à l'échelle pilote. Le potentiel des MFC/NFC a été démontré comme agent de séchage et comme composant principale d'une couche barrière. Mots clès: Micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose, couche barrières, procédés d'enduction
Development of new packaging materials based on micro- and nano-fibrillated cellulose. The micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MFC/NFC) are nanomaterials from revewable resource with a high interest and partly for the packaging development. MFC combined both interesting properties (high tensile strength, good barrier to oxygen and grease, good transparency) and the advantages of natural cellulose source. The objective of this thesis was to develop a barrier packaging board based on MFC/NFC by coating processes. Firstly, the study focussed on the characterisation of the MFC suspensions, on the manufacturing of MFC self-standing films and on the determination of their properties. Secondly, the development of MFC based composites was studied as model films. The last part was devoted to the introduction of MFC in coating colours in order to develop a barrier layer at the board surface. Trials at pilot scale demonstrated the industrial feasibility of this product. The potential of the use of MFC/NFC was demonstrated to be used as a drying additive and a main composant of barrier layer. Keywords: Micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose, barrier layer, coating processes
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Jimenez, Saelices Clara. "Développement de matériaux super-isolants thermiques à partir de nano-fibres de cellulose." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS417/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est la préparation d’aérogels biosourcés ayant des propriétés de super-isolation thermique. Pour cela, nous avons choisi de développer de nouveaux aérogels à base de nanofibres de cellulose (NFC). Les aérogels ont été préparés par lyophilisation. Dans un premier temps, une analyse des paramètres expérimentaux jouant un rôle sur la morphologie et les propriétés physico-chimiques des aérogels a été réalisée afin d’obtenir les meilleures propriétés d’isolation thermique. Avec une suspension de NFC à 2% en masse, sans ajout de sels et sans faire varier le pH, une lyophilisation réalisée dans des moules d’aluminium à une température de -80°C a permis d’obtenir des aérogels ayant une conductivité thermique de 0,024 W/m.K. Afin de diminuer cette conductivité thermique, nous avons choisi de réduire la taille des pores pour obtenir un effet Knudsen. Pour cela, une nouvelle technique de séchage a été proposée : la lyophilisation par pulvérisation. Les aérogels préparés dans les mêmes conditions expérimentales que précédemment avec cette technique ont des propriétés thermiques super-isolantes (0,018 W/m.K) grâce à la nano-structuration du réseau poreux. Finalement, un nouveau dispositif expérimental a été développé pour caractériser plus finement les propriétés thermiques des aérogels. C’est un dispositif transitoire impulsionnel qui permet d'estimer simultanément la contribution de la conduction solide et gazeuse, l'effet radiatif et la diffusivité thermique grâce à un modèle théorique simple. Ce dispositif permettra d’approfondir l’étude complexe du transfert thermique à travers des matériaux poreux semi-transparents tels que les aérogels
The objective of this thesis is the preparation of renewable aerogels having thermal super-insulating properties. To do it, we designed new aerogels from nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) by freeze-drying. This technique is simple and has the advantage of not using organic solvents. First of all, the parameters playing a role on the aerogel morphology and physico-chemical properties of the aerogels were analyzed to get the best thermal insulating properties. Using 2 wt% NFC suspensions, without addition of salts, keeping the initial pH, the obtained freeze-dried aerogels in alumina molds at -80 °C have a thermal conductivity of 0.024 W/m.K. In order to reduce the pore size and to improve the thermal insulating properties by Knudsen effect, a new drying technique was proposed: the spray freeze-drying. Aerogels prepared in the same experimental conditions with this technique have thermal super-insulating properties (0.018 W/m.K) thanks to the nanostructuration of the porous network. Finally, a new device was designed to characterize more precisely the thermal properties of aerogels. This is an impulsive transient device, which can estimate simultaneously the contribution of solid and gas conduction, the radiative effect and thermal diffusivity using a simple theoretical model. This device will allow studying complex heat transfer through porous semi-transparent materials such as aerogels
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Guezennec, Celine. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux d'emballage à partir de micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870839.

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Développement de nouveaux matériaux d'emballage à base de micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose. Les micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose (MFC/NFC) sont des nanomatériaux issus de ressources renouvelables présentant un fort intérêt notamment pour le domaine de l'emballage. En plus des avantages naturels de la cellulose, ces matériaux offrent des propriétés barrières prometteuses (Oxygen, graisse), de bonnes propriétés de résistance mécanique ainsi que la possibilité de produire des films transparents. L'objectif de cette thèse était de développer par des procédés d'endution un carton barrière au gaz et aux graisses en utilisant les MFC/NFC. Différentes suspensions de MFC/NFC ont été premièrement characterisées puis utilisées pour la production de films afin de déterminer leurs propriétés intrinsèques. Des films modèles ont ensuite été développés avec la production de composites matrice/MFC. Une dernière partie était focalisée sur l'introduction de MFC/NFC dans des sauces de couchage afin de développer une couche barrière à la surface d'un carton. Un démonstrateur a ainsi été validé à l'échelle pilote. Le potentiel des MFC/NFC a été démontré comme agent de séchage et comme composant principale d'une couche barrière. Mots clès: Micro- et nano-fibrilles de cellulose, couche barrières, procédés d'enduction
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Phillips, Justin. "Dextrin nanocomposites and deep eutectic solvents as matrices for solid dosage forms." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81724.

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Controlled-release formulations for pesticide applications act as depot systems that continuously release the active ingredients into the environment over a speci ed period, usually from months to years. However, some applications require fast-dissolving drug delivery. The interest of this research is in fast-release of water-insoluble pesticides into aquatic environments. This study considered the use of dextrin starch and urea eutectics as fast release, solid dosage carrier forms that contain an active ingredient. The chosen active for this study is an acaricide called amitraz (N-methylbis-(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)- methylamine). The focus is on matrix-based dosage forms such as tablets, granules or bres that either disintegrate or dissolve to release a water-insoluble active. These types of dosage forms can be fabricated using processes such as lyophilisation, spray drying, solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, compression moulding, wet granulation, compaction and electrospinning. A simple melt-casting procedure has been discussed in the present work. Dextrin is a water-soluble form of partially hydrolysed starch and is a promising candidate matrix material for dissolving solid dosage forms. The molecular weight of the dextrin was analysed with MALDI-TOF methods and rheological relations. Glycerolplasticized thermoplastic dextrin-based nanocomposites were prepared with a twin-screw extrusion-compounding process. The nano llers included a layered double hydroxide (LDH), cellulose nano bres (CNF) and stearic acid. The time-dependent retrogradation of the compounds was monitored by X-ray di raction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). XRD showed that the inclusion of stearic acid in the formulations led to the formation of an amylose-lipid complex and a stable crystallinity during ageing. Dissolution rates in water for samples containing dextrin starch, were characterised using an iodine indicator and UV-visible spectroscopy. High pressure di erential scanning calorimetry (HPDSC) indicated that the addition of stearic acid led to the formation of amylose-lipid complexes (ALC's). An additive system containing stearic acid and CNF was deemed suitable for compounding with amitraz. Compounding at temperatures above the melting point of the latter led, on dissolution in water, to the release of much ner particles of the acaricide, which was con rmed with particle size analysis (PSA). The addition of the acaricide caused an apparent increase in the dissolution rate of the thermoplastic dextrin. Two eutectic urea systems were considered for casting with amitraz. A eutectic system of urea and acetamide was found to display a melting point of 44 C at a 37 wt.% urea composition. The other system consisting of urea and 1,3-dimethylurea displayed a eutectic point at 32 wt.% urea composition which melted at 59 C. Di erential scanning calorimetry (DSC), however, con rmed a melting point depression due to a high moisture content caused by the compounds high hygroscopicity. The endotherm of the sample containing no excess moisture showed a melting point of 70 C. The 1,3-dimethylurea system was deemed suitable for casting with amitraz. XRD of the eutectic composition indicated a small amount of co-crystallisation. The samples were cast as disks of various diameters while keeping the height of the disks constant. The creation of the cast disks showed automatic generation of a nely dispersed form of the active through the process of melting the deep eutectic solvent, the dissolution of the active and its phase separation on cooling and solidi cation of the eutectic. This implies that ne grinding of the actives might not be necessary. Eutectic casts containing 20 wt.% amitraz dissolved at a slower rate than casts not containing the hydrophobic active ingredient. The advantageous features of these casts were exempli ed using the acaricide incorporated into the urea & 1,3-dimethylurea eutectic. This work provides two safe, biodegradable and water soluble materials for use as a matrix to contain active ingredients. One material, the eutectic organic salt casts, can be produced at low temperatures (<100 C) and can be directly cast into storage containers. The complete dissolution of the cast compounded with a hydrophilic active is rapid (4-6 min). The second material, a thermoplastic dextrin, was melt compounded in an extruder at temperatures not exceeding 120 C. This compound containing 20 wt.% of the active dissolved over a 12 hour period. Dextrin, known to be widely used as an adhesive, will aid in the adhesion of the active ingredient to the surface where it must be used.
Dissertation (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2019.
PAMSA
Department of Science and Innovation under Grant DST/CON 0004/2019
Chemical Engineering
MEng (Chemical Engineering)
Unrestricted
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Håkansson, Karl. "Orientation of elongated, macro and nano-sized particles in macroscopic flows." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Strömningsfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150493.

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Non-spherical particles are present all around us, in biological, industrial and environmental processes. Making predictions of their impact on us and systems in our vicinity can make life better for everyone here on earth. For example, the ash particles from a volcano eruption are non-spherical and their spreading in the atmosphere can hugely impact the air traffic, as was also proven in 2010. Furthermore, the orientation of the wood fibres in a paper sheet influences the final properties of the paper, and the cause of a specific fibre orientation can be traced back to the fluid flows during the manufacturing process of the paper. In this thesis, experimental and numerical work is presented with the goal to understand and utilize the behavior of elongated particles in fluid flows. Two different experimental setups are used. The first one, a turbulent half channel flow, aims at increasing the understanding of how particles with non-zero inertia behave in turbulence. The second setup is an attempt to design a flow field with the purpose to align nanofibrils and create high performance cellulose filaments. Experiments were performed in a turbulent half channel flow at different flow set- tings with dilute suspensions of cellulose acetate fibres having three different aspect ratios (length to width ratio). The two main results were firstly that the fibres agglom- erated in streamwise streaks, believed to be due to the turbulent velocity structures in the flow. Secondly, the orientation of the fibres was observed to be determined by the aspect ratio and the mean shear, not the turbulence. Short fibres were oriented in the spanwise direction while long fibres were oriented in the streamwise direction. In order to utilize the impressive properties (stiffness comparable to Kevlar) of the cellulose nanofibril in a macroscopic material, the alignment of the fibrils must be controlled. Here, a flow focusing device (resulting in an extensional flow), designed to align the fibrils, is used to create a cellulose filament with aligned fibrils. The principle is based on a separation of the alignment and the assembly of the fibrils, i.e. first align the fibrils and then lock the aligned structure. With this process, continuous filaments were created, with properties similar to that of the wood fibre at the same fibril alignment. However, the highest alignment (lowest angle) of the fibrils in a filament created was only 31o from the filament axis, and the next step is to increase the alignment. This thesis includes modeling of the alignment process with the Smoluchowski equation and a rotary diffusion. Finding a model that correctly describes the alignment process should in the end make it possible to create a filament with fully aligned fibrils.

QC 20140908

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Foruzanmehr, Mohammadreza. "Greffage d’un film mince de nano-TiO2 sur les fibres naturelles cellulosiques pour le renforcement de biocomposites polymériques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9477.

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Abstract : Natural materials have received a full attention in many applications because they are degradable and derived directly from earth. In addition to these benefits, natural materials can be obtained from renewable resources such as plants (i.e. cellulosic fibers like flax, hemp, jute, and etc). Being cheap and light in weight, the cellulosic natural fiber is a good candidate for reinforcing bio-based polymer composites. However, the hydrophilic nature -resulted from the presence of hydroxyl groups in the structure of these fibers- restricts the application of these fibers in the polymeric matrices. This is because of weak interfacial adhesion, and difficulties in mixing due to poor wettability of the fibers within the matrices. Many attempts have been done to modify surface properties of natural fibers including physical, chemical, and physico-chemical treatments but on the one hand, these treatments are unable to cure the intrinsic defects of the surface of the fibers and on the other hand they cannot improve moisture, and alkali resistance of the fibers. However, the creation of a thin film on the fibers would achieve the mentioned objectives. This study aims firstly to functionalize the flax fibers by using selective oxidation of hydroxyl groups existed in cellulose structure to pave the way for better adhesion of subsequent amphiphilic TiO[subscript 2] thin films created by Sol-Gel technique. This method is capable of creating a very thin layer of metallic oxide on a substrate. In the next step, the effect of oxidation on the interfacial adhesion between the TiO[subscript 2] film and the fiber and thus on the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber was characterized. Eventually, the TiO[subscript 2] grafted fibers with and without oxidation were used to reinforce poly lactic acid (PLA). Tensile, impact, and short beam shear tests were performed to characterize the mechanical properties while Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and moisture absorption were used to show the physical properties of the composites. Results showed a significant increase in physical and mechanical properties of flax fibers when the fibers were oxidized prior to TiO[subscript 2] grafting. Moreover, the TiO[subscript 2] grafted oxidized fiber caused significant changes when they were used as reinforcements in PLA. A higher interfacial strength and less amount of water absorption were obtained in comparison with the reference samples.
Résumé : Les matériaux naturels retiennent actuellement toute l’attention dans de nombreuses applications et ceci, car ils sont biodégradables et proviennent de ressources renouvelables telles que les plantes (le lin, le chanvre, le jute, etc.). De plus, du fait de leur faible coût et de leur faible densité, les fibres naturelles cellulosiques sont d’excellents candidats pour le renforcement des composites polymères bio-sourcés. Cependant, malgré leurs nombreux avantages, leur caractère hydrophile - résultant de la présence de fonctions hydroxyle dans leur structure - limite leur application dans les matrices polymères. Ceci est dû à la faible mouillabilité existant entre les fibres cellulosiques et les matrices polymériques (généralement hydrophobes) causant une faible adhésion et une mauvaise dispersion des fibres dans la matrice. De nombreuses tentatives de modification des propriétés de surface des fibres naturelles par des traitements physiques, chimiques, ainsi que physico-chimiques ont été effectuées. Cependant, ces traitements se sont révélés incapables de guérir les défauts intrinsèques présents à la surface des fibres et d’améliorer leur résistance à l'humidité et aux alcalis. Une solution permettant d’atteindre les objectifs mentionnés serait la création d’un film mince à la surface des fibres. Cette étude vise tout d'abord à fonctionnaliser les fibres de lin par une oxydation sélective des fonctions hydroxyle présentes sur la cellulose. Cette oxydation permet la création d’une meilleure adhésion entre la surface des fibres et les couches minces amphiphiles de TiO[indice inférieur 2] créées par la technique sol-gel. En effet, le procédé sol-gel est une méthode dite douce capable de créer une fine couche d'oxydes métalliques à la surface d’un substrat. Dans l'étape suivante, l'effet de l'oxydation sur l'adhésion interfaciale entre la couche de TiO[indice inférieur 2] et la fibre, et donc sur les propriétés physiques et mécaniques de la fibre, a été caractérisé. Enfin, les fibres recouvertes de TiO[indice inférieur 2] avec et sans oxydation préalable ont été utilisées pour renforcer l’acide polylactique (PLA). Des tests de traction, d’impact et de cisaillement ont été réalisés afin de caractériser les propriétés mécaniques des composites. De plus, de la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC), des mesures d'absorption d'humidité ainsi que des analyses thermogravimétrique (ATG) et mécanique dynamique (DMA) ont été effectuées dans le but de déterminer les propriétés physiques des composites. Les résultats ont montré une augmentation significative des propriétés physiques et mécaniques des fibres de lin recouvertes de TiO[indice inférieur 2], en particulier lorsque les fibres ont été préalablement oxydées. De plus, ces fibres à la fois oxydées et greffées de TiO[indice inférieur 2] ont causé de grands changements lorsque utilisées dans le renforcement du PLA. En effet, une meilleure résistance au cisaillement interlaminaire et une diminution de la quantité d’eau absorbée est obtenue en comparaison avec les échantillons de référence.
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Lin, Xiaofeng. "Toward nanofiltration membranes with layer-by-layer assembled and nano-reinforced separation layers." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE012/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a été consacré à l'élaboration d'un nouveau type de membranes de nanofiltration efficaces avec des propriétés améliorées (flux élevé et rétention élevée, et de bonnes propriétés mécaniques) en déposant un revêtement assemblé couche-par-couche (LbL) sur des supports poreux. Après avoir systématiquement étudié le mécanisme de croissance des films assemblés couche par couche des polyélectrolytes choisis et la relation entre les structures de ces films et les performances des membranes résultant, nous avons identifié avec succès les meilleures structures multicouches pour la construction de membranes de nanofiltration de référence avec des performances optimales. En outre, en prenant avantage de la technique LbL, nous avons introduit une couche de diffusion latérale assemblée soit de nanofibrilles de cellulose ou de nanotubes de carbone, qui permet d’augmenter le flux de 30% tout en conservant la même rétention par rapport à la membrane de référence. En plus, les films assemblés à base de chitosan et nanofibrils de cellulose ont montré une forte résistance à la traction allant jusqu’à 450 MPa et un module d’Young jusqu’à 50 GPa
This thesis work was devoted to the development of a novel and efficient nanofiltration membrane with improved properties (high flux and high retention, good mechanical strength) by coating Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembled films onto porous membrane support. After having systematically studied the growth mechanism of LbL-assembled films of chosen polyelectrolytes and the relationship between the structures of these films and the membrane performance of the resulting NF membranes, we successfully identified the best multilayer structures for constructing nanofiltration membranes (NF) of reference with optimal membrane performance. Furthermore, taking advantages of the LbL-assembly, we successfully introduced LbL-assembled lateral diffusion layer that is made of either cellulose nanofibrils or carbon nanotubes, which in turn led to membranes with 30% higher flux. In addition, the LbL-assembled films of chitosan and cellulose nanofibrils showed surprisingly strong tensile strength of up to 450 MPa and a high Young modulus of up to 50 GPa
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Privas, Edwige. "Matériaux ligno-cellulosiques : "Élaboration et caractérisation"." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00933754.

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L'objectif de ce travail est de développer l'utilisation de la biomasse ligno-cellulosique dans le domaine des matériaux. Ce travail explore trois voies différentes d'utilisation de la ligno-cellulose afin de balayer un large spectre de constituants et de matériaux finaux. La première voie concerne l'incorporation de fibres naturelles dans la fabrication de panneaux utilisant la lignine comme adhésif. Des améliorations dans la fabrication de ces panneaux de fibres ont été apportées, par traitement chimique ou ajout de nouveaux compatibilisants, permettant un renforcement des propriétés mécaniques. La seconde voie a consisté à développer un procédé original de mise en forme sous haute pression testé et mis en place sur du coton dans le but d'obtenir des objets tridimensionnels sans étape de dissolution/régénération de la cellulose. Une fois le protocole défini, les effets des paramètres de mise en forme et de la variété de coton sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques des objets en coton compressé ont été étudiés. Enfin, une troisième voie à consisté à élaborer des matériaux nanocomposites à partir d'hydroxydes double lamellaire modifiés par la lignine (HDL/LS). L'utilisation de cette nanocharge dans l'amidon a montré une capacité de renforcement pour un faible taux de charge. Ce composite amidon-(HDL/LS) a ainsi été utilisé avec une matrice polyéthylène afin d'augmenter la part renouvelable de la matrice sans diminuer significativement ses propriétés mécanique. Ce travail permet d'envisager des développements futurs pour ces différents matériaux développés et offre ainsi de nouvelles possibilités d'utilisation de la biomasse ligno-cellulosique dans l'élaboration de matériaux techniques.
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Books on the topic "Nano fibrils of cellulose"

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Kalia, Susheel, B. S. Kaith, and Inderjeet Kaur, eds. Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7.

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S, Kaith B., Kaur Inderjeet, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites: Green Chemistry and Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Kaur, Inderjeet, Susheel Kalia, and B. S. Kaith. Cellulose Fibers : Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites: Green Chemistry and Technology. Springer, 2016.

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Kaur, Inderjeet, Susheel Kalia, and B. S. Kaith. Cellulose Fibers : Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites: Green Chemistry and Technology. Springer, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nano fibrils of cellulose"

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Thomas, S., S. A. Paul, L. A. Pothan, and B. Deepa. "Natural Fibres: Structure, Properties and Applications." In Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites, 3–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_1.

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Lee, Koon-Yang, Anne Delille, and Alexander Bismarck. "Greener Surface Treatments of Natural Fibres for the Production of Renewable Composite Materials." In Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites, 155–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_6.

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Sodipo, Bashiru Kayode, and Folahan Abdul Wahab Taiwo Owolabi. "Extraction of Nano Cellulose Fibres and Their Eco-friendly Polymer Composite." In Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites, 245–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05399-4_8.

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Sodipo, Bashiru Kayode, and Folahan Abdul Wahab Taiwo Owolabi. "Correction to: Extraction of Nano Cellulose Fibres and Their Eco-friendly Polymer Composite." In Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites, E1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05399-4_48.

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Liu, Dongyan, Yu Dong, and Guoxin Sui. "Isolation of Cellulose Nanowhiskers and Their Nanocomposites." In Nano-size Polymers, 155–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39715-3_5.

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Zimmermann, Tanja, Evelyn Pöhler, Thomas Geiger, Jürg Schleuniger, Patrick Schwaller, and Klaus Richter. "Cellulose Fibrils: Isolation, Characterization, and Capability for Technical Applications." In ACS Symposium Series, 33–47. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2006-0938.ch004.

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Cherian, Bibin Mathew, Alcides Lopes Leao, Sivoney Ferreira de Souza, Sabu Thomas, Laly A. Pothan, and M. Kottaisamy. "Cellulose Nanocomposites for High-Performance Applications." In Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites, 539–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_21.

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Pandey, J. K., D. R. Saini, and S. H. Ahn. "Degradation of Cellulose-Based Polymer Composites." In Cellulose Fibers: Bio- and Nano-Polymer Composites, 507–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_19.

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Srinivasababu, Nadendla, and Kopparthi Phaneendra Kumar. "Synthesis of Nanocellulose Fibrils/Particles from Cellulose Fibres Through Sporadic Homogenization." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 893–902. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5463-6_79.

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Lee, Sang Hwan, S. Y. Lee, Mi Suk Cho, Jae Do Nam, Hyouk Ryeol Choi, Ja Choon Koo, and Young Kwan Lee. "Renewable Resource Using Cellulose Derivatives by Melt Process." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 847–50. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.847.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nano fibrils of cellulose"

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Illera, Danny, Chatura Wickramaratne, Diego Guillen, Chand Jotshi, Humberto Gomez, and D. Yogi Goswami. "Stabilization of Graphene Dispersions by Cellulose Nanocrystals Colloids." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87830.

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The outstanding properties of single-layer graphene sheets for energy storage are hindered as agglomeration or restacking leads to the formation of graphite. The implications of the aforementioned arise on the difficulties associated with the aqueous processing of graphene sheets: from large-scale production to its utilization in solvent-assisted techniques like spin coating or layer-by-layer deposition. To overcome this, aqueous dispersions of graphene were stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals colloids. Aqueous cellulose nanocrystals dispersion highlights as a low-cost and environmentally friendly stabilizer towards graphene large-scale processing. Colloids of cellulose nanocrystals are formed by electrostatic repulsion of fibrils due to de-protonated carboxyl or sulfate half-ester functional groups. Graphene dispersions are obtained by hydrothermal reduction of electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide in the presence of cellulose nanocrystals. This approach allows the preservation of the intrinsic properties of the nano-sheets by promoting non-covalent interactions between cellulose and graphene. The dispersions could be cast to form free-standing flexible conducting films or freeze-dried to form foams and aerogels for capacitive energy storage.
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Lal, Jyotsana, Ross Harder, and Lee Makowski. "X-ray coherent diffraction imaging of cellulose fibrils in situ." In 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2011.6090096.

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Karlovits, Igor. "Lignocellulosic bio-refinery downstream products in future packaging applications." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p2.

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The concept of efficient utilisation of renewable bio-based materials (biomass feedstock) is the driving force in the green transformation to a more sustainable and circular society. Biorefineries or biochemical platforms convert and utilise different sources of biomass into fuels and other beneficial derivates like fibres and other bio-based chemicals. These can be used as building blocks for many potentially useful applications. In this review, we shall describe the current state of the art and trends in the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstock into materials which can be primarily used in packaging applications. The three main constituents (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) are being re-engineered into new products with higher added value. The main goal of all these downstream products is that they do not compete with animal feed and food applications. The main downstream products of different kind of transformations are different natural fibres which can be further processed into micro or nano fibrillated state and used for a broad application of fields from ink, adhesive and packaging materials. Also, fibres and its derivates can be bonded successfully into bio-composites or fibre-based foams applications for the protective packaging applications. Hemicellulose, as a second most abundant component, has been researched for applications in adhesives and paper and paperboard coatings. Lignin which is currently utilised as an energy source for the paper industry, has been recently actively researched. Lignin-based biopolymers have a potential to be used in many different applications from additives in the barrier coatings on the packaging to active packaging and even as lignin-based foams. All these applications are currently in the development stages and cover niche market segments, but are expected to grow and to be used in future markets.
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Zhang, Yan, Leiming Yu, David Kaeli, and Lee Makowski. "Fast simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns from cellulose fibrils using GPUs." In 2014 40th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2014.6972999.

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Postek, Michael T., Andras Vladar, John Dagata, Natalia Farkas, Bin Ming, Ronald Sabo, Theodore H. Wegner, and James Beecher. "Cellulose nanocrystals the next big nano-thing?" In NanoScience + Engineering, edited by Michael T. Postek and John A. Allgair. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.797575.

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Lai, Yuli, Pasi Kallio, Hao Zhang, Hui Xie, Yasuhito Sugano, and Johan Bobacka. "Study of adhesion force between cellulose micro-sphere and cellulose membrane." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3m-nano.2016.7824941.

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Cetinkaya, Toygun, Ant Yucesoy, and O. Burak Ozdoganlar. "Micromachinability of Biodissolvable Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)." In WCMNM 2018 World Congress on Micro and Nano Manufacturing. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2728-1_91.

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Kim, Jaehwan, Hyun-U. Ko, Jung Woong Kim, Sunanda Roy, Jungho Park, and Eun Sik Choi. "Fabrication and characteristics of cellulose nanofiber films." In Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and 3D Systems, edited by Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2296839.

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TANG, JIE, GUANG YANG, JIAN ZHANG, HUAIZHI GENG, BAO GAO, LU-CHANG QIN, OTTO ZHOU, and ORLIN D. VELEV. "ASSEMBLY AND APPLICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE FIBRILS WITH CONTROLLED AND VARIABLE LENGTHS BY DIELECTROPHORESIS." In Clusters and Nano-Assemblies - Physical and Biological Systems. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701879_0023.

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Roy, Sunanda, Hyun Chan Kim, Le Van Hai, and Jaehwan Kim. "Novel superhydrophobic cellulose coating and its multifunctional applications." In Nano-, Bio-, Info-Tech Sensors and 3D Systems, edited by Jaehwan Kim. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513876.

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Reports on the topic "Nano fibrils of cellulose"

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Walker, Larry P. ,. Bergstrom, Gary, Stephane Corgie, Harold Craighead, Donna Gibson, and David Wilson. Addressing the Recalcitrance of Cellulose Degradation through Cellulase Discovery, Nano-scale Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms, and Kinetic Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1016086.

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