Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanocomposites polymère conducteurs'
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Lonjon, Antoine. "Nanocomposite conducteur polymère - nanofils métalliques : élaboration et analyse des propriétés physiques." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1346/.
Full textThis work shows the elaboration of electrical conductive nanocomposites polymer/metallic nanowires, low filled to preserve the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. Conductive metallic nanowires were performed with different kind of metals. These conductive nanowires are inserted into an electrical insulator thermoplastic matrix P(VDF-TrFE). The mechanical properties are maintained for filler content below 5 % vol. Above the percolation threshold (0. 75 % volume) the conductive nanocomposites reach a value of electrical conductivity near 10² S/m. The influence of the aspect ratio, metal, crystallinity and process are discussed to interpret the values observed
Kohut-Svelko, Nicolas. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base d’un polymère conducteur : la polyaniline." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3041.
Full textPolyaniline (PANi) is an intrinsically conducting polymer which exhibits chemical and environmental stability. However like most of this polymer family, it suffers from poor processability due to its insolubility and infusibility. In order to overcome this obstacle, different strategies were attempted and PANi colloids synthesis is one of them. This work was carried out in order to try to improve the problems of use of this polymer. In a first stage, aniline was polymerized by oxidizing way in the presence of surfactant which can, from their characteristics, to improve the properties of conducting polymer. From the conductive properties and the medium stability, two surfactants have been selected. The first one is a nonylphenolethoxylate and insures a good medium stability. The second one contains an amide group which creates H-bond with the PANi backbone and enhances the conductivity. Another method consists in synthesizing latexes covered by a thin layer with conducting polymer (PC). Various submicron-scale PANi based core/shell have been synthesized mediated by non-ionic surfactants. In this case, the morphology of the particles could be controlled and the mechanical properties were made possible by varying the nature of the core (thermoplastics, elastomers, and water-soluble. ). This simple synthesis allows forming conducting composites under “soft” conditions, easily transposable at the industrial level
Sachan, Abhishek. "Design of nanocomposite quantum resistive vapour sensors for anticipated diagnosis of cancers." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS460.
Full textA Human health monitoring and anticipated diagnosis of cancers (lung and skin) by the analysis of the volatolome and in particular the biomarkers present in exhaled breath or emitted by affected skin area is an emerging area of research. This is a non-invasive, inexpensive, fast and reliable technique which can be used for cancers’ detection in their early stages at the clinical level. Nanomaterials based quantum resistive vapour sensors (vQRS) can provide solutions for developing electronic noses (e-nose) for this purpose. A complex sensors’ array is required for the analysis of exhaled breath or VOC emitted by skin as both of them are complex blend of various VOC biomarkers. The objective of this thesis was to develop highly sensitive and selective sensors for cancer biomarker analysis. Therefore, several high-performance sensors’ arrays have been fabricated based on conducting nanocomposites. The carbon nanotubes used to build the conducting architecture were functionalized with different polymer matrices for tuning their selectivity towards different VOC. Initially, binary blends of VOC and water were analysed with simple sensors’ array to evaluate the sensors behaviour in the presence of moisture. Later, a complex e-nose has been prepared with nine differently sensitive and selective sensors to detect subppm amounts of cancer biomarkers present in a large quantity of other VOC. Fingerprints were obtained using a statistical tool for various biomarkers blends which were able to identify the presence of biomarkers. Finally, exhaled breath samples were tested with the same e-nose. The breath samples were collected in different conditions and the e-nose was able to discriminate the different samples effectively by locating them on the breath maps obtained by a statistical analysis
Fogel, Mathieu. "Mise en œuvre de composites structuraux conducteurs par pulvérisation de dispersions NTC : résine époxy sur nappes fibres de carbone." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30074/document.
Full textThe main goal of this work was to create multiscale Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers by inserting carbon nanotubes in the matrix of the composite material to improve and homogenize the through-thickness electrical conductivity. Multiscale composites manufacturing was proposed through addition of carbon nanotubes to a standard composite conferring a nano-dimension to the material. A spray deposition technique of CNT / epoxy mixtures was developed. CNT-doped CFRP material in which the matrix came exclusively from the spraying process were successfully produced. An influence of carbon nanotubes on the transverse (Z direction) and orthogonal (Y direction) electrical conductivity could be obtained. A slight but noticeable increase of the conductivity was achieved. More than the inherent values reached, the electrical conductivity was homogenized throughout the whole laminate. This achievement could be one step in order to solve the issue of "edge-glow" on aeronautical structures
Jouni, Mohammad. "Nouvelles architectures de nano-systèmes polymères conducteurs à base de mélanges de nanocharges conductrices." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0148/document.
Full textConductive polymer nanocomposites have been the object of intense researches and investigations recently. In fact, these materials have shown a great potential to be useful for many applications including different sectors. However, despite the promising results reported at the moment in this area, there is still a lack in the performance which can be improved by synchronization of their properties. In this PhD work, we present the preparation and full characterization of conductive polymer nanocomposites. Two kinds of conductive nanofillers (carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs)) have been dispersed either in a thermoplastic polymer (polyethylene PE), or in a thermoset matrix (epoxy amine). The conductive polymer nanocomposites obtained exhibit good electrical and/or thermal properties with conserving the mechanical properties ensured by low fillers fraction. The study was not only based on experimental characterizations but also on modulation to analyze the charge carrier transport at very low temperature in these systems to provide successful understanding to some basic properties which are still actually not fully investigated. Electrical properties are in good agreement with thermal properties. Electromagnetic shielding of our PE based nanocomposites have been studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Bozlar, Mickaël. "Modification de surface des nanotubes de carbone par un polymère conducteur électrogénéré pour la réalisation de nanocomposites multifonctionnels." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0043/document.
Full textCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are ideal candidates to reinforce thermoset polymers due to their exceptional intrinsic properties. The resulting multifunctional nanocomposite has electrical, thermal and mechanical properties sensitively higher than pristine polymer. Therefore, this new material possesses various potential applications, and particularly in the domain of electronics and aerospace. The aim of this PhD thesis is oriented towards two directions. In the first one, we establish efficient techniques to produce composite materials with multifunctional properties. Then, the objective consists in the enhancement of these properties by proposing valuable alternatives to previous results cited in the litterature. In the first chapter, we present the state of the art research concerning the materials studied during this work. Among these, there are in particular: CNTs, hybrids constituted of CNTs and alumina microparticles, electronically conducting and thermoset polymers. Moreover, this chapter deals with the characteristics of each material, i.e. elaboration techniques, structures and properties. The second chapter of the manuscript contains first, the elaboration techniques allowing the synthesis of high quality nanocomposites according to international standards. Then, we analyze the properties of these nanomaterials, and particularly in terms of electrical and thermal transports. Further characterization procedures allow better understanding of the obtained structures in a domain ranging from macroscopic to atomic scales. This is realized using scanning/transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, EELS, XPS, and AFM. Electrical and thermal conductivity measurements obtained on these new materials give prominence to the necessity of some improvements. Thereby, we have focused our research on the physico-chemical phenomena at the matrix/filler interface. We have proposed to modify the surface of CNTs, in order to favour the matrix/filler cohesion, but also and mainly to decrease contact resistances between the randomly distributed CNTs within the polymer matrix. Finally, the last chapter deals with the surface functionalization of CNTs using electrochemistry. First, we have implemented an accurate technique to deposit a nanometric layer of electronically conducting polymer on the surface of CNTs. This conducting polymer, namely polypyrrole (Ppy) is in the meantime biocompatible. The accuracy and efficiency of our approach are demonstrated through various characterization techniques, and particularly using transmission electron microscopy. Further studies using AFM coupled with a resiscope indicate the electrical resistance distribution performed on CNT-Ppy hybrids. In the second part of this chapter, we present our method to control precisely the thickness of the Ppy layer around the CNTs
Cui, Zhenpeng. "Radiation Induced Synthesis of Conducting Polymers and their Metal Nanocomposites." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS165/document.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to demonstrate the versatility of the gamma (γ)-rays based radiolytic method and to extend our methodology to the synthesis of various conducting polymers (CPs) in water in different experimental conditions. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polypyrrole (PPy) conjugated polymers were successfully prepared and characterized in solution and after deposition by complementary spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Also their thermal stability and their electrical conductivity were studied and compared with those of CPs prepared by conventional methods. The influence of the nature of radiation-induced oxidizing radicals, of the ionic strength, of the medium, of the pH, of the presence of surfactant-based soft templates on the growth mechanism, on the efficiency of polymerization, on the morphology of the obtained CPs as well as on their absorption and conducting properties was checked. Also, the radiolytic method was extend to the synthesis of CPs/noble metal nanocomposites. Different preparation methodologies were developed based on two-step method and one-pot method, by using oxidation route or reduction route. Our new radiolytic strategy described and extended in this manuscript opens the way for the preparation of different kinds of CPs and CPs nanocomposites not only in aqueous solutions but also in various environments foreshadowing many promising applications
Nag, Chowdhury Suvam. "Conductive Polymer nanoComposite Quantum Resistive strain Sensors for structural composites damage monitoring." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS343.
Full textA new type of carbon nanotubes based Quantum Resistive Strain sensor (QRS sensor) for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been developed directly on glass fibers' surface via spray layer by layer (slbl) technique. The response of similar transducers was investigated under varying static and dynamic sollicitations. Different strategies of piezo-resistive sensing in GFRP are compared in terms of efficiency to follow mechanical solicitations and damages in both elastic and plastic demains. The results demonstrate that the sensors' output retains ail static and dynamic features of the input thus providing useful information for SHM and further can be extended for composite parts with large dimensions, to probe local stress/strain concentrations and facilitate the simulation of these critical areas. The electrical responses of QRS combined with those of the acoustic emission (AE) technique and microscopy have allowed investigating damage initiation and propagation in laminated composites. Based on the results obtained in this study, the investigated QRS can be considered as real time in situ non strongly invasive sensors which appear to be suitable for performing dynamic measurements in structural engineering applications
Kumar, Bijandra. "Development of smart textiles with low environmental footprint from Conductive polymer nanoComposites." Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS195.
Full textThis research work concerns the investigation and development of innovative eco-friendly smart multi-reactive textiles made of Conductive Polymer nanoComposite (CPC) within the frame of the European Union Commission funded project entitled “INTELTEX”. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) have been used as conductive nanofiller to create conductive networks within both synthetic and bio-sourced polymer matrices. The ability of CPC thin films based sensor to detect Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) has been investigated by exposing them to a wide set of solvent vapours. Novel strategies have been introduced to fabricate vapour sensor with controlled hierarchical condictive architecture. The sensors developed were found to have a high potential to detect as well as to discriminate the studied vapours. In a second part the knowledge developed with CPC thin film was transferred to both mono-phasic and bi-phasic conductive textiles, which were demonstrated to be sensitive to vapours and temperature. In particular novel bi-phasic CPC textiles structured using double percolation were found to exhibit a sharp positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic in the range 30 - 60°C. In the last part it has been shown that eco-friendly matrices could be proposed in substitution of synthetic polymers to decrease their environmental footprint. Finally, it has been demonstrated that CNT based CPC had a high potential as smart material to develop multi-reactive smart textile for vapour and temperature sensing
Robert, Colin. "Développement de senseurs par l'intégration de nanoComposites Polymères Conducteurs (CPC) pour le suivi de déformation et d'endommagement des structures composites." Lorient, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORIS290.
Full textNowadays, the presence of composites structures in numerous fields of applications, such as civil structures and nautical industry, is due to their advantageous mechanical properties/weight ratio. However the intrinsic brittle behaviour of composites is prone to their catastrophic failure. Thus, there is a need to monitor the health of composites to prevent their destruction. Conductive Polymer nanoComposites (CPC) appear to be good candidates in this perspective. CPC are smart materials, which can combine mechanical properties reinforcement, strain sensing and structural health monitoring. Meanwhile, the nautical industry has always been at the forefront of composite technologies and nowadays race boats include a severe technological competition. Therefore the input of the CPC technology in the nautical industry seems relevant and open up future perspectives. In the present thesis, an original CPC processing method has been developed in the light of existing CPC processing strategies. The technology, called spray Layer by Layer (sLbL), allowed the development of suitable and reproducible strain sensors capable of structural health monitoring. The versatility of the sLbL technique gave the opportunity to monitor the strain and the damage accumulation during mechanical testing on various nautical supports such as carbon shrouds, structural carbon fibre reinforced composite or woven sails
Hashemi, Sanatgar Razieh. "FDM 3D printing of conductive polymer nanocomposites : A novel process for functional and smart textiles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I052/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to get the benefit of functionalities of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printed conductive polymer nanocomposites (CPC) for the development of functional and smart textiles. 3D printing holds strong potential for the formation of a new class of multifunctional nanocomposites. Therefore, development and characterization of 3D printable functional polymers and nanocomposites are needed to apply 3D printing as a novel process for the deposition of functional materials on fabrics. This method will introduce more flexible, resource-efficient and cost-effective textile functionalization processes than conventional printing process like screen and inkjet printing. The goal is to develop an integrated or tailored production process for smart and functional textiles which avoid unnecessary use of water, energy, chemicals and minimize the waste to improve ecological footprint and productivity. The contribution of this thesis is the creation and characterization of 3D printable CPC filaments, deposition of polymers and nanocomposites on fabrics, and investigation of the performance of the 3D printed CPC layers in terms of functionality. Firstly, the 3D printable CPC filaments were created including multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and high-structured carbon black (Ketjenblack) (KB) incorporated into a biobased polymer, polylactic acid (PLA), using a melt mixing process. The morphological, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of the 3D printer filaments and 3D printed layers were investigated. Secondly, the performance of the 3D printed CPC layers was analyzed under applied tension and compression force. The response for the corresponding resistance change versus applied load was characterized to investigate the performance of the printed layers in terms of functionality. Lastly, the polymers and nanocomposites were deposited on fabrics using 3D printing and the adhesion of the deposited layers onto the fabrics were investigated. The results showed that PLA-based nanocomposites including MWNT and KB are 3D printable. The changes in morphological, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of nanocomposites before and after 3D printing give us a great understanding of the process optimization. Moreover, the results demonstrate PLA/MWNT and PLA/KB as a good piezoresistive feedstock for 3D printing with potential applications in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and prosthetics, where complex design, multi-directionality, and customizability are demanded. Finally, different variables of the 3D printing process showed a significant effect on adhesion force of deposited polymers and nanocomposites onto fabrics which has been presented by the best-fitted model for the specific polymer and fabric
Javadi, Toghchi Marzieh. "Vêtement de protection pour femmes enceintes contre les rayonnements non ionisants utilisant un écran électromagnétique en textile, issu de fils hybrides électroconducteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I028.
Full textDue to the increasing concern of health issues urged by human exposure to radiation, textiles have been massively considered in the application of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). Electrically conductive materials produce and transport free charges which result in shielding behaviour. Thus the first generation of shielding materials has been made of metallic yarns and composites due to the high electrical conductivity of metals. However, these products suffer from poor washability and uncomfortability in place of textile wearable applications. In this study, a polymer-based conductive monofilament is developed and introduced for making personal wearable protection devices with the purpose of declining the limitations of the traditional shielding fabrics containing metal yarns. Hence, the main contribution of this study is the formulation, production, and characterization of conductive polymer nanocomposite (CPC) monofilaments and the integration of the developed monofilaments into the woven fabrics intended for protecting pregnant women and their fetuses against the detrimental effects of the electromagnetic waves in the human living environment. To begin with, the effects of the structural parameters of woven fabrics (e.g. weave structures, density of the conductive yarns, and waviness degree of the yarns) were studied on the EMSE behaviour. The results suggested that changing the position of conductive yarns by changing the structural parameters such as waviness degree played a significant role in the EMSE of the woven variants. Specifically, increasing only 7% of the waviness degree of the conductive warps led to 17% EMSE improvement due to the increase of the conductive yarns through the thickness of the 3D warp interlock woven variants. At this point, the CPC monofilaments were produced containing multiwall carbon nanotube and carbon black incorporated into a thermoplastic polymer (PA6,6) using a melt mixing process and the morphological, electrical, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of the PA6,6-based nanocomposite monofilament was improved thanks to the synergism between the carbon nanofillers. In addition, the viscosity was in the standard range for the melt extrusion process. The developed monofilament was lightweight, corrosion-resistant and the manufacturing process was very well established in comparison with metal yarns due to the fact that extrusion is an adaptable and cost-effective method for thermoplastic polymers. The developed nanocomposite monofilament was integrated into the woven fabric structures and the EMSE of the manufactured woven fabrics was evaluated in the frequency range of 1-10 GHz. The results revealed that the shielding of the fabrics weaved using the developed monofilament was promising for personal protection (EMSE≥10dB). Also, incorporating the monofilaments with higher conductivity or applying a bigger density of conductive monofilaments in the fabric structure led to better attenuation. Moreover, since the ultimate goal of this research is to shield both mother and fetus against the harmful effects of electromagnetic waves, a parametric graphical method was employed to develop a 3D adaptive mannequin based on weight gain trend during pregnancy. Lastly, the mannequin was applied to design a block pattern for personalized garment making with the manufactured EMSE woven fabrics
Yu, Zhong-Zhen. "Procédé d'extrusion réactive appliqué à l'élaboration de mélanges de polymères et de nano-composites." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL018N.
Full textZinovyeva, Veronika. "Matériaux composés (polymères électroactif - nanoparticules de métal) et liquides ioniques." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS056.
Full textThe actual PhD thesis is devoted to syntheses of composite materials combining conducting polymers with transition metals, their characterization with the use of a large set of modern physical, chemical and electrochemical methods and initial studies of their catalytic applications. These processes were realized both in conventional (aqueous and organic) media and in room-temperature ionic liquids. As an approach for the chemical synthesis, a simple one-pot non-template method, consisting in the chemical reduction of various inorganic salts by pyrrole monomer in a set of solvents, was applied. Polymerization of pyrrole with the use of Fe(III), Cu(II) and Pd(II) salts as oxidants was carried out in a wide range of reaction conditions. The kinetics of the polymerization process was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and DLS. The obtained materials were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry, elemental CHNS analysis, ICP-AES, AFM, SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS, XAS, IR techniques. Catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized Pd/polypyrrole nanocomposites were analyzed for the direct catalytic arylation of heteroaromatics and electrooxidation of ascorbic acid. Alternative ways to conducting polymer preparation in the form of films and powders inside ionic liquids, in comparison to those in conventional media, were described. The influence of the synthesis conditions and of the solvent nature on electrochemical properties and morphology of conducting polymers was discussed. The electrooxidation of ferrocene in ionic liquids was investigated in details, and a model for the diffusional transport in these viscous media was proposed
Nag, Sananda. "Development of Conductive Nanocomposite Sensors for Anticipated Diagnostic of Diseases." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS336/document.
Full textThe analysis of specific VOC in exhaled breath (identified as biomarkers of specific disease like cancer)give an idea of metabolic and physiological activities of an individual and can provide non-invasive andpotentially inexpensive anticipated diagnosis of several diseases including cancer. The invention of afast, reliable, economic and portable technique is highly required before breath testing become a clinicalreality. Nanomaterial based sensor arrays can fulfill all these requirements and can form a solidfoundation for identification of disease related VOC patterns in exhaled breath. The objective of thisthesis was to fabricate different chemo-resistive sensors based on conductive nanocomposites withability to differentiate and discriminate a set of disease (such as lung cancer) biomarker VOC. Thereforein order to fabricate high performance sensors with high sensitivity and required selectivity towardstargeted VOC, adoption of different methodologies for the synthesis of conductive nanocomposite, wasstrongly emphasized.Covalent and noncovalent functionalizations of these carbon nanomaterials with various oligomeric,polymeric or inorganic molecules were done in order to tune the sensor’s selectivity and sensitivity.Nanoswitching at the junctions of percolated network formed by the carbon nanomaterials could becontrolled by varying the organic functionality on the surface.Finally a set of high performance chemoresistive vapour sensors, with different selectivity towardstargeted lung cancer VOC could be fabricated and successfully integrated in an e-nose with highefficiency towards detection and discrimination of a set of disease specific VOC biomarkers
El, Kamchi Noureddine. "Synthèse et propriétés électroniques de nanocomposites à base de Polyaniline : application à la réalisation d’un micro capteur organique électronique d’ammoniac et au blindage électromagnétique dans les bandes X et Ku." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10010/document.
Full textIn this work, the structure and the properties of Polyaniline (PAni) based nanocomposites are investigated with the dual objective of conceiving an ammonia sensor with very low detection limit and a light electromagnetic shielding structure.Aspects relating to the band structure, the doping, the electron transport and percolation phenomena are discussed. Then, the preparation of composites was made from the doping of PAni by Camphor Sulfonic Acid (CSA), which allows the protonation of PAni in its insulating form (Emeraldine base). The molar ratio of the protonation ranges from 5% to 50%. However, when the PAni is doped, the mechanical properties are not compatible with the targeted applications. Therefore, it is essential to make blends with thermoplastics to combine the electrical properties of PAni with the mechanical properties of thermoplastic. In case of ammonia sensor, we particularly studied the influence of the nature of the host matrix and the effect of the doping level on the sensor metrological characteristics. The choice of the matrix and the stoichiometry between PAni and acid directly impact the detection threshold and the amplitude of the sensor response. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility to detect concentrations of ammonia of about 10 ppb using composite based on PAni doped CSA, with a molar ratio of 25%, dispersed in Polyurethane (Pu) matrix. In the second part of this work, we have developed a hybrid multilayer material, based on PAni doped CSA and magnetic nanoparticles. The influence of electrical properties of each layer on the material performance was studied. A bilayer structure has been optimized for industrial standards (shielding effectiveness SE>40 dB) and military standards (SE>80 dB) of electromagnetic shielding. The total thicknesses that were retrieved are 530µm for SE>40 dB and 870µm for SE>80 dB. The realized structures are also able to absorb much of the incident waves, their absorption coefficients are greater than 4 dB over the frequency band [8-18GHz]
Barichard, Anne. "Enregistrement et analyses physico-chimiques de réseaux dans des matériaux composites polymères-points quantiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28504/28504.pdf.
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