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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanocrystalline Zinc Ferrite'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Maklad, M. H., N. M. Shash, and H. K. Abdelsalam. "Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 spinels via coprecipitation precursor." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 25 (2014): 1450165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214501653.

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Nanocrystalline Ni 1-x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) spinels are synthesized with a crystallite size range 5–2.2 nm, using different annealing temperatures. The influence of zinc content as well as grain size of ferrite on the ferrite microstructure, therefore on the physical properties of ferrite, are investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), thermal analysis (TG, DTG, DSC) and infrared microscopy (IR). XRD results confirm single phase spinel structure for ferrite with Zn content x = 0.1 whereas second phase appears in higher zinc content ferrites. Thermal analysis shows an endothermic peak at ~ 720°C–750°C reveals the removal of defective surface layer existed on the surface of ferrite grains, which leads to cation redistribution. This is supported by the shift observed in IR bands as a result of the increase in zinc content or calcination temperature. Ferrite with composition Ni 0.7 Zn 0.3 Fe 2 O 4 calcined at 1000°C has the maximum saturation magnetization Ms among various compositions at different calcination temperatures. The Ms and the coercivity Hc of the ferrites nanoparticles are different from their corresponding bulk, which attributes to a defective surface layer, controlling the ultrafine particle behavior.

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2

Wang, Yan, Ying Huang, and Qiu Fen Wang. "The Preparation and Electromagnetic Properties of Nickel-Zinc Ferrite Thin Films." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2294.

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Compared polyvinyl alcohol with citric acid as complexing agent, nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite thin films were prepared by sol-gel method and dip-coating process under different temperature. The phase composition, morphology, magnetic properties and electromagnetic properties of nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite thin films were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and vector network analyzer. The results show polyvinyl alcohol is the proper complexing agent for the preparation of nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite thin films, which is stacked with sheet crystals and average diameter of about 20nm. The maximum saturation magnetization, the remanence magnetization and the coercivity of prepared nickel-zinc ferrite thin films are 39.38 emu/g, 11.47emu/g and 182.82 Oe, respectively. Through studying the microwave-absorbing properties of thin films, the maximal absorption quantity is determined at 9.2 GHz.

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3

Elsayed, E. Mostafa, Mohamed M. Rashad, H. F. Y. Khalil, M. R. Hussein, M. M. B. El-Sabbah, and I. A. Ibrahim. "Electrochemical Performance of Nanocrystalline Zinc Ferrite Films Synthesized Using Electrodeposition." Key Engineering Materials 835 (March 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.835.1.

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Nanocrystalline spinel zinc ferrite ZnFe2O4 thin film has been studied and synthesized via the electrodeposition-anodization process. Electrodeposited ZnFe2 alloys were obtained from aqueous sulphate bath. The resulted alloys were electrochemically oxidized in strong alkaline solution (1 M KOH) at room temperature to the analogous hydroxides. The electroanodized ZnFe2 alloy film was annealed in air at 400 °C for 2 h to get the required zinc ferrite. The electrochemical factors controlling of the electrodeposition of ZnFe2 alloys such as the bath temperature, agitation, the current density were studied and optimized. The crystal structure, crystal size and microstructure of the produced ferrites were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The deposited film was mainly composed of ZnFe2O4 based on XRD studies. The produced film had a spinel structure and the crystallite size was 4.9 nm. SEM micrograph of the resulted zinc ferrite particles shows compact crystallites shapes and agglomerated chains with smallest semicircular particles like morphology.

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4

Vasambekar, Pramod N., Tukaram J. Shinde, and Ashok B. Gadkari. "Nd ³⁺ Substituted Nanocrystalline Zinc Ferrite Sensors for Ethanol, LPG and Chlorine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.150.

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Nd 3+ substituted zinc ferrites with chemical formula ZnNdxFe 2-x O4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) were prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method and characterized by XRD, IR and SEM techniques. The gas sensing properties were studied for ethanol, LPG and chlorine. It was observed that nanocrystalline ZnFe2O4 shows maximum sensitivity to ethanol (~41%) followed by LPG (~22%) and less sensitivity to Cl2 (~10%) at an operating temperature of 327oC. The sensitivity of zinc ferrites increases with increase in Nd 3+ content. Response-recovery times of zinc ferrite decreases with increase in Nd3+ content.

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5

Tangcharoen, Thanit, Anucha Ruangphanit, Wantana Klysubun, and Wisanu Pecharapa. "Sol-gel Combustion Synthesis and Characterizations of Nanocrystalline Zinc, Nickel and Nickel-Zinc Ferrites." Advanced Materials Research 802 (September 2013): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.802.64.

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In this work, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements were employed to investigate the crystal structure, chemical bonding and magnetic properties of the nanocrystalline Zinc, Nickel and Nickel-Zinc ferrites (ZnFe2O4, NiFe2O4 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) which were synthesized by sol-gel combustion method. Moreover, the composition of elements and the electronic structure including the cation distribution for all ferrite samples were examined through synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. The overall characterization results indicate that the different amount of zinc and nickel ions in ferrites has crucial effect on their physical, magnetism and the site occupancy distribution of Fe3+ ions.

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6

BARATI, M. R., S. A. SEYYED EBRAHIMI, and A. BADIEI. "INFLUENCE OF pH ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL-ZINC NANOCRYSTALLINE POWDERS SYNTHESIZED BY A SOL-GEL AUTO-COMBUSTION METHOD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 18n19 (2008): 3153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208048048.

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In this research a sol-gel auto-combustion route has been proposed to synthesize nickel-zinc ferrite nanocrystalline powder, using metal nitrates, citric acid as fuel and ammonia as pH adjusting agent. The influence of pH value of the solution on phase evolution, crystallite size and morphology of as-burnt powders were investigated by XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The results revealed that with pH=7 the single phase nickel-zinc ferrite nanocrystalline powders with crystallite size of about 27nm were formed directly after auto combustion process.

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7

Ghatak, S., M. Sinha, A. K. Meikap, and S. K. Pradhan. "Electrical transport properties of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 40, no. 8 (2008): 2686–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2007.12.030.

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8

Jiang, J. S., X. L. Yang, L. Gao, J. K. Guo, and J. Z. Jiang. "Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite." Nanostructured Materials 12, no. 1-4 (1999): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(99)00084-7.

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9

Mirshekari, Gholam Reza, Shiva Sadat Daee, Hossein Mohseni, et al. "Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Zn Ferrite Synthesized by Glycine-Nitrate Auto-Combustion Process." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.520.

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Manganese-Zinc ferrites belong to the group of soft ferrite materials characterized by high magnetic permeability and low power loses. These materials are mainly used as cores for inductors, transformers, recording heads and noise filters among others. In this study, nanocrystalline Mn-Zn ferrite with the chemical formula Mn1-xZnxFe2O4withx=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 has been successfully synthesized by glycine-nitrate auto-combustion process using glycine as a fuel and nitrates as oxidants. The structures and magnetic properties of the resulting powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is revealed from the XRD pattern than a significant amount nanocrystalline Mn1-xZnxFe2O4ferrite with average crystallite size in the range 43.25-66.7 nm has been formed. The magnetic measurement gives a typical value of saturation magnetic of 34-69 emu/g and coercivity of 40-60 Oe.

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10

Shabelskaya, N. P., S. I. Sulima, E. V. Sulima, and A. I. Vlasenko. "STUDY OF SYNTHESIS FEATURES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE ZINC FERRITE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 1 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165901.5223.

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In work the process of formation of nanocrystal zinc ferrite was studied. The samples obtained were characterized with XPS, BET and SEM. The received samples have the developed surface. The average size of crystallites determined by Debye-Scherrer equation was 3 nm.

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11

Saba, A., E. Elsayed, M. Moharam, and M. M. Rashad. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Thin Film from Aqueous Sulfate Bath." ISRN Nanotechnology 2012 (May 10, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/532168.

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Nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrites Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 thin films have been synthesized via the electrodeposition-anodization from the aqueous sulfate bath. The electrodeposited (Ni-Zn)Fe2 alloy was anodized in aqueous 1 M KOH solution to form the corresponding hydroxides which annealed at different temperatures ranging from 800 to 1000∘C for various periods from 1 to 4 h, to get the required ferrite. SEM micrograph of the formed ferrite particles, annealed at 1000∘C for 4 h appeared as the octahedral-like structure. A good saturation magnetization of 28.2 emu/g was achieved for Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 thin film produced after the aforementioned conditions. The kinetic studies of the crystallization of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 films appeared to be first-order reaction and the activation energy was found to be 10.5 k Joule/mole.

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12

Makled, Mahmoud Hosseny. "Dielectric study of nanocrystalline zinc-ferrite SiO2 composites." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 78, no. 7 (2021): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40042-020-00002-0.

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13

Sun, Tao, Andrew Borrasso, Bin Liu, and Vinayak Dravid. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Zinc Manganese Ferrite." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 94, no. 5 (2011): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04265.x.

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14

Sultan, M., and R. Singh. "FMR studies on nanocrystalline zinc ferrite thin films." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 200, no. 7 (2010): 072090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/200/7/072090.

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15

Marinca, Traian Florin, Ionel Chicinaş, Virgiliu Călin Prică, Florin Popa, and Bogdan Viorel Neamţu. "Zinc Ferrite Powder Synthesized by High Energy Reactive Ball Milling." Materials Science Forum 672 (January 2011): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.672.149.

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The nanocrystalline zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) powder was synthesized by high energy reactive ball milling (RM) in a planetary mill. As starting materials a mixture of commercial zinc oxide (ZnO) powder and iron oxide (Fe2O3) powder was used. The starting mixture was milled for different periods of time, up to 30 h. The milled powders were annealed for 4 h at 350 oC in order to eliminate the internal stress and to finish the solid state reaction of ferrite formation. Zinc ferrite formation was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The obtained powder has a mean crystallite size of 12 nm after 20 h of milling. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the particle morphology was studied. Particles size range of the powders was also determined using a laser particle size analyser.

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16

Lišková-Jakubisová, E., Š. Višňovský, P. Široký, et al. "Nanocrystalline zinc ferrite films studied by magneto-optical spectroscopy." Journal of Applied Physics 117, no. 17 (2015): 17B726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4916936.

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17

Choudhury, S., M. Sinha, H. Dutta, M. K. Mandal, S. K. Pradhan, and A. K. Meikap. "Activation behavior and dielectric relaxation of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite." Materials Research Bulletin 60 (December 2014): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.09.002.

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18

Pradeep, A., P. Priyadharsini, and G. Chandrasekaran. "Structural, magnetic and electrical properties of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, no. 9 (2011): 3917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.12.168.

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19

Anjaneyulu, T., P. Narayana Murthy, S. M. Rafi, S. Bademiya, and G. Samuel John. "Effect on Magnetic Properties of Zinc Doped Nano Ferrites Synthesized by Precursor or Method." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 19 (October 2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.19.37.

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Nanocrystalline Cu-Zn ferrites have been synthesized using precursor method. Cu-Zn ferrites were formed at low temperature without any impurities. The particle sizes were observed to decrease from 60 nm to 50 nm with increasing non-magnetic Zn doping. Cu is used to decrease the sintering temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and IR analysis of Cu-Zn revealed the formation of Single-Phase Spinel structure at very low annealing temperature. The particle sizes observed from XRD is very well in agreement with SEM analysis. Cu-Zn ferrite nanoparticles were observed to be dependent on the particle size. Saturation (Ms) and Remanence (Mr) magnetization of ferrites increases due to the modifications occurred among the A-B, A-A and B-B interactions of Spinel structure. The Coercive force (Hc) decreases with increase of Zn ions concentration.

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20

Anjaneyulu, T., P. Narayana Murthy, S. M. Rafi, S. Bademiya, and G. Samuel John. "Effect on Magnetic Properties of Zinc Doped Nano Ferrites Synthesized by Precursor or Method." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 19 (October 2, 2013): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-52ue2s.

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Nanocrystalline Cu-Zn ferrites have been synthesized using precursor method. Cu-Zn ferrites were formed at low temperature without any impurities. The particle sizes were observed to decrease from 60 nm to 50 nm with increasing non-magnetic Zn doping. Cu is used to decrease the sintering temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and IR analysis of Cu-Zn revealed the formation of Single-Phase Spinel structure at very low annealing temperature. The particle sizes observed from XRD is very well in agreement with SEM analysis. Cu-Zn ferrite nanoparticles were observed to be dependent on the particle size. Saturation (Ms) and Remanence (Mr) magnetization of ferrites increases due to the modifications occurred among the A-B, A-A and B-B interactions of Spinel structure. The Coercive force (Hc) decreases with increase of Zn ions concentration.

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21

Sawada, Yutaka, Kiyokata Iizumi, Tomokazu Kuramochi, et al. "Mechanochemical Synthesis of Zinc Ferrite, ZnFe₂O₄." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.201.

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Mechanochemical synthesis of zinc ferrite, ZnFe2O4, was attempted from a powder mixture of iron (III) oxide, alpha-Fe2O3 and zinc (II) oxide, ZnO. Nanocrystalline zinc ferrite, ZnFe2O4 powders were successfully synthesized only by milling for 30 hours. The X-ray diffraction spectrum of the as-milled powders (without heating) showed twelve ZnFe2O4 peaks and four weak peaks of coexisting unreacted Fe2O3. The crystallite size of the mechanochemicallysynthesized ZnFe2O4 was 26.3 nm. Evidence of the ZnFe2O4 formation was absent for the powders milled for 10 and 20 hours; milling lowered the crystallinity of the starting materials. Heating after milling enhanced the formation of ZnFe2O4, the crystal growth of ZnFe2O4 and the unreacted starting materials. The unreacted starting materials decreased their amounts by heating at higher temperatures.

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22

Thankachan, Rahul Mundiyaniyil, Jincemon Cyriac, B. Raneesh, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, D. Sanyal, and P. M. G. Nambissan. "Cr3+-substitution induced structural reconfigurations in the nanocrystalline spinel compound ZnFe2O4 as revealed from X-ray diffraction, positron annihilation and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies." RSC Advances 5, no. 80 (2015): 64966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04516a.

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In an earlier work, the substitution of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions at the tetrahedral sites of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite (ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) by Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions had been observed to cause a transformation from the normal spinel structure to the inverse one.

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23

Bohra, Murtaza, Shiva Prasad, Naresh Kumar, et al. "Large room temperature magnetization in nanocrystalline zinc ferrite thin films." Applied Physics Letters 88, no. 26 (2006): 262506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2217253.

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24

Tung, L. D., V. Kolesnichenko, G. Caruntu, et al. "Annealing effects on the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite." Physica B: Condensed Matter 319, no. 1-4 (2002): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(02)01114-6.

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25

Singh, Rajendra Kumar, and A. Srinivasan. "Magnetic properties of bioactive glass-ceramics containing nanocrystalline zinc ferrite." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 323, no. 3-4 (2011): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.09.029.

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26

Pal, M., P. Brahma, D. Chakravorty, D. Bhattacharyya, and H. S. Maiti. "Nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite prepared by the glass-ceramic route." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 164, no. 1-2 (1996): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(96)00325-3.

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27

Jadhav, Anil S., B. Raghunanda, Ashok D. Shetkar, and Ajai Kumar S. Molakeri. "Characterization and Magnetic Properties of Zinc Ferrite Synthesized by Combustion Route." Volume 4,Issue 5,2018 4, no. 5 (2018): 536–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jnst.170.18040519.

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Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanocrystalline powder material was prepared by combustion method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study on structural properties. The magnetic properties of the sample were measured at room temperature using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) in the field range �15000 G. Hysteresis loop obtained room temperature for ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles indicates that the nanoparticles are ferromagnetic in nature.

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28

Hayashimto, Yasuaki, Wataru Sakamoto, and Toshinobu Yogo. "Synthesis of nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticle/organic hybrid from metalorganics." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 7 (2007): 1967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0236.

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(Ni,Zn)Fe2O4 particle/organic hybrid was synthesized in situ from metalorganics below 100 °C. A mixture of nickel (II) acetylacetonate (NA), zinc acetylacetonate (ZA), and iron (III) 3-allylacetylacetonate (IAA) was hydrolyzed and polymerized yielding a spinel oxide particle/organic hybrid. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystallinity of spinel particles was dependent upon the hydrolysis conditions of NA-ZA-IAA. Nanocrystalline nickel zinc ferrite particles below 5 nm were uniformly dispersed in the organic matrix. The magnetization of hybrid increased with an increasing amount of water for hydrolysis. Nano-sized nickel zinc ferrite particle/organic hybrid showed a magnetization-applied field (BH) curve with no remanence above 40 K. The magnetization versus H/T curves from 40 to 100 K were superimposed on the same curve and satisfied the Langevin equation. The remanent magnetization and coercive field of the hybrid were 7.2 emu/g and 150 Oe, respectively, at 4.2 K. The absorption edge of the hybrid was blue-shifted compared with that of bulk ferrite.

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29

Deka, Sasanka, and P. A. Joy. "Superparamagnetic Nanocrystalline ZnFe2O4 with a Very High Curie Temperature." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (2008): 3955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.201.

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Studies on the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline ZnFe2O4 synthesized by an autocombustion method are reported. Superparamagnetic behavior is observed for the nanocrystalline materials with particle sizes of 8 nm and 17nm, with superparamagnetic blocking temperatures of 65 K and 75 K, respectively. Magnetic hysteresis with very large coercivities of 533 Oe and 325 Oe, respectively, are observed at 12 K. Studies on the temperature variation of the magnetization above room temperature indicate that the Curie temperature is as high as ∼800 K when compared to the paramagnetic nature of bulk zinc ferrite at room temperature.

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30

Winiarska, Katarzyna, Roman Klimkiewicz, Włodzimierz Tylus, et al. "Study of the Catalytic Activity and Surface Properties of Manganese-Zinc Ferrite Prepared from Used Batteries." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (January 16, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5430904.

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The catalytic activity of the Mn-Zn ferrites obtained by chemical methods from a solution after acid leaching of waste Zn-C and Zn-Mn batteries was studied. Precursors of metal ions (Fe, Mn, and Zn) were obtained using different precipitating agents ((NH4)2C2O4, Na2CO3, and NaOH), and then, the combustion route was used to prepare catalytically active nanocrystalline ferrites. The obtained ferrite catalysts differ in terms of microstructure, the number of acid and base sites, and the surface composition depending on the ion precursor used in the combustion process. All prepared materials were catalytically active in the butan-1-ol conversion test. Depending on the ion precursor applied in the combustion process, a selective catalyst towards aldehyde (carbonate precursor) or ketone (hydroxide precursor) formation can be obtained. Furthermore, the catalyst prepared from the hydroxide precursor exhibits the highest catalytic activity in the n-butanol test (nearly 100% conversion under the experiment conditions).

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31

Abd-Elkader, Omar H., Nasrallah M. Deraz, and Lotfi Aleya. "Effects of Zinc Substitution on the Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of Cubic Symmetry Nickel Ferrite System." Symmetry 15, no. 5 (2023): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15050975.

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The preparation of ZnxNi1−xFe2O4 (x = 0 and 0.3) nanoparticles using glycine-mediated combustion route was successfully completed depending on the zwitterion and combustion characteristics of glycine. Using a variety of methods, including XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, and TEM, the investigated ferrites were characterized. XRD and FTIR analyses confirm that Zn0.3Ni0.7Fe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles crystallize in the cubic symmetry in the space group Fd3m. An increase in the lattice parameters and a subsequent decrease in crystallite size were caused by the process of replacing Ni ions with Zn ions. In accordance with Waldron’s hypothesis, FTIR spectra demonstrate that the ferrites have a spinel-type structure as they are produced. The substitution process by Zn led to different changes in the half band widths with subsequent in splitting in the absorption band around 400 cm−1. The examined ferrites’ cation distribution showed that Zn2+ and Ni2+ ions favored the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites, respectively, while Fe3+ ions occupied both A- and B-sites, providing mixed spinel ferrite. TEM analysis indicates the formation of spinel nanocrystalline particles with low agglomerations. The particle size of the as-synthesized ferrites did not exceed 16 nm. By applying the VSM approach at room temperature, the magnetic characteristics of the ferrites under investigation were established. The magnetization of Zn0.3Ni0.7Fe2O4 nanoparticles was found to be higher than that of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles according to the magnetic data. Increasing the magnetization and the experimental magnetic moment of Zn0.3Ni0.7Fe2O4 were accompanied by a decreasing of its coercivity. The net magnetization is oriented along different high symmetry directions. On the other hand, the anisotropy of the nickel ferrite increases by substituting Ni with a Zn ion.

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32

López, F. A., A. López-Delgado, J. L. Martı́n de Vidales, and E. Vila. "Synthesis of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite powders from sulphuric pickling waste water." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 265, no. 1-2 (1998): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(97)00282-x.

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33

Mallapur, M. M., P. A. Shaikh, R. C. Kambale, H. V. Jamadar, P. U. Mahamuni, and B. K. Chougule. "Structural and electrical properties of nanocrystalline cobalt substituted nickel zinc ferrite." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 479, no. 1-2 (2009): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.01.142.

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34

Chatterjee, A., D. Das, S. K. Pradhan, and D. Chakravorty. "Synthesis of nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrite by the sol-gel method." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 127, no. 1-2 (1993): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(93)90217-p.

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35

De Fazio, E., P. G. Bercoff, and Silvia E. Jacobo. "Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Nanophase Lithium-Substituted Manganese-Zinc Ferrite." Solid State Phenomena 168-169 (December 2010): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.168-169.353.

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Nanocrystalline lithium-substituted manganese-zinc ferrites Li0.5xMn0.4Zn0.6-xFe2+0.5xO4 were prepared by the sol-gel autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed that samples are single-phase and that only a spinel phase is present. The saturation magnetization increases while the cell parameter of the cubic phase decreases with Li concentration. Magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity of all samples were measured at room temperature as a function of frequency. Reflection loss calculations show that the prepared samples are good electromagnetic wave absorbers in microwave range. Li substitution plays an important role in changing the structural and magnetic properties of these MnZn ferrites.

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Elsayed, Elsayed M., Hazem F. Khalil, Ibrahim A. Ibrahim, Mostafa R. Hussein, and Mohamed M. B. El-Sabbah. "The Significance of Buffer Solutions on Corrosion Processes of Cobalt Ferrite CoFe2O4 Thin Film on Different Substrates." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 23, no. 7 (2020): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207323666191217130209.

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Background: The spinel ferrite nanoparticles, such as zinc, nickel, and cobalt ferrites have exceptional electronic and magnetic properties. Cobalt ferrite nanomaterial (CoFe2O4) is a hard material that reveals high magnetic, mechanical, and chemical stability. Aim and Objective: The objective of this research is to predict the corrosion behavior of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) thin films deposited on different substrates (platinum Pt, stainless steel S.S, and copper Cu) in acidic, neutral, and alkaline medium. Materials and Method: Cobalt ferrite thin films were deposited on platinum, stainless steel, and copper via electrodeposition-anodization process. After that, corrosion resistance of the prepared nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite on different substrates was investigated in acidic, neutral, and alkaline medium using open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The crystal structure, crystallite size, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the ferrite films were investigated using a combination of XRD, SEM and VSM. Results: The results of XRD revealed a cubic spinel for the prepared cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4. The average size of crystallites was found to be about 43, 77, and 102 nm precipitated on platinum, stainless steel, and copper respectively. The magnetic properties of which were enhanced by rising the temperature. The sample annealed at 800oC is suitable for practical application as it showed high magnetization saturation and low coercivity. The corrosion resistance of these films depends on the pH of the medium as well as the presence of oxidizing agent. Conclusion: Depending on the obtained corrosion rate, we can recommend that, CoFe2O4 thin film can be used safely in aqueous media in neutral and alkaline atmospheres for Pt and Cu substrates, but it can be used in all pH values for S.S. substrate.

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Pascuta, Petru, Adrian Vladescu, Gheorghe Borodi, Eugen Culea, and Romulus Tetean. "Synthesis, structural and magnetic characterization of iron-zinc-borate glass ceramics containing nanocrystalline zinc ferrite." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 23, no. 2 (2011): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0444-4.

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Mukherjee, C., D. Mondal, M. Sarkar, and J. Das. "Nanocrystalline Nickel Zinc Ferrite as an efficient alcohol sensor at room temperature." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (2017): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.2.29.

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Powar, R. R., V. G. Parale, V. D. Phadtare, et al. "Nanocrystalline spinel zinc-substituted cobalt ferrite thick film an efficient ethanol sensor." Materials Today Chemistry 22 (December 2021): 100607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100607.

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40

Anwar, M. S., Faheem Ahmed, and Bon Heun Koo. "Magnetization and Magnetocaloric Effect in Sol–Gel Derived Nanocrystalline Copper–Zinc Ferrite." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 2 (2015): 1448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.9290.

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Hu, Ping, De-an Pan, Xin-feng Wang, et al. "Fuel additives and heat treatment effects on nanocrystalline zinc ferrite phase composition." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 323, no. 5 (2011): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.10.013.

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Xue, Hun, Zhaohui Li, Xuxu Wang, and Xianzhi Fu. "Facile synthesis of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite via a self-propagating combustion method." Materials Letters 61, no. 2 (2007): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.04.061.

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Ghosh, Mritunjoy Prasad, and Samrat Mukherjee. "Ce3+-doped nanocrystalline cobalt–zinc spinel ferrite: microstructural, magnetic, and optical characterizations." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 31, no. 8 (2020): 6207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03174-4.

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Fan, Guoli, Zhijun Gu, Lan Yang, and Feng Li. "Nanocrystalline zinc ferrite photocatalysts formed using the colloid mill and hydrothermal technique." Chemical Engineering Journal 155, no. 1-2 (2009): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.08.008.

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Chaudhari, Prashant R., V. M. Gaikwad, and S. A. Acharya. "Role of mode of heating on the synthesis of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite." Applied Nanoscience 5, no. 6 (2014): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-014-0367-5.

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Sahu, B. N., Akash S. Doshi, R. Prabhu, N. Venkataramani, Shiva Prasad, and R. Krishnan. "Temperature dependence of FMR and magnetization in nanocrystalline zinc ferrite thin films." AIP Advances 6, no. 5 (2016): 055928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4944406.

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Zheng Jiao, Minghong Wu, Jianzhong Gu, and Zheng Qin. "Preparation and gas-sensing characteristics of nanocrystalline spinel zinc ferrite thin films." IEEE Sensors Journal 3, no. 4 (2003): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2003.815941.

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Tyagi, Sachin, Nitika Batra, and Ashok Kumar Paul. "Influence of Temperature on Reducing Gas Sensing Performance of Nanocrystalline Zinc Ferrite." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 68, no. 5 (2015): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-014-0503-7.

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Maletin, Marija, Željka Cvejić, S. Rakić, L. M. Nikolić, and Vladimir V. Srdić. "Low Temperature Synthesis of Nanocrystalline ZnFe₂O₄ Powders." Materials Science Forum 518 (July 2006): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.91.

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Advances in nanoscale electronics require superior ceramic powders, preferable prepared with techniques for the direct synthesis of crystalline nanoparticles. Zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanopowders were prepared by co-precipitation method, from nitrate precursors. Crystalline powders having the single-phase cubic spinel structure were directly synthesized at temperature ≥80°C in the presence of NaOH. The obtained powders are agglomerated with ultra-fine crystallites having the average crystallite size about 3-4 nm.

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Caruntu, Gabriel, Gary G. Bush, and Charles J. O'Connor. "Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline zinc ferrite films prepared by liquid phase deposition." Journal of Materials Chemistry 14, no. 18 (2004): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b401192a.

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