Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanofils de Si'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 35 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Nanofils de Si.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Rosaz, Guillaume. "Intégration 3D de nanofils Si-SiGe pour la réalisation de transistors verticaux 3D à canal nanofil." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981971.
Full textMouchet, Céline. "Croissance de nanofils de silicium et de Si/SiGe." Grenoble INPG, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345969.
Full textNanowires are promising materials for thermoelectrical or photovoltaïc microgenerators and as building block for nanoelectronics systems. They answer to miniaturization, autonomy and wireless needs of nomade devices. This work is focused on the synthesis of silicon and Si/SiGe nanowires and more specifically on the growth study and structure analysis. Silicon and Si/SiGe nanowires grow following gold-catalyzed VLS (Vapour-Liquid-Solid) method. Silane or silane-germane mixture were injected in a chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reactor, and undergo thermal decomposition. Two routes were chosen for nanoparticles preparation and led to nanowire growth : gold thin film dewetting and use of gold colloïds. A parametric study was performed on Si nanowires growth to achieve a good control of diameter, length and shape. A structural study by transmission electronic microscopy highlighted the nanowire cristallinity, the presence of defects and the one-dimensional Si/SiGe heterostructures. To obtain p-type or n-type doped nanowires, phosphine or diborane were added to the gas mixture. The first doping measurements have been carried out by secondary ion mass spectrometry and electrical characterization
Israel, Mahmoud. "Croissance et caracterisation de nanofils de Si et Ge." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S062/document.
Full textThis work deals with the growth and characterization of silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) nanowires. The nanowires were synthesized by the growth mechanism VLS (Vapor Liquid Solid) in a LPCVD reactor (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) using gold (Au) as the catalyst and silane (SiH4) and germane (GeH4) as precursor gas. In order to grow nanowires, the Au catalyst must be nano-structured in the form of nano-particles with controlled diameter if possible. This is done in this study by “dewetting” of a continuous layer evaporated on the chosen substrate. The thickness of this initial continuous layer is an essential parameter in the study. A preliminary part of this work deals with the problem of how the “dewetting” occurs, depending on various parameters (type of substrate, temperature, pressure, thickness of the continuous gold layer, growth duration and “dewetting” temperature) that control the LPCVD growth process. We varied these process parameters over wide ranges to determine how the influence the properties of Ge nanowires grown. The structural characterization of nanowires by transmission electron microscopy shows their single crystal structure with growth direction along <111> in the case of Si nanowires and along <110> for Ge nanowires. Finally, in the case of conical Ge nanowires isolated and deposited on different substrates, the micro-Raman analysis allowed us identifies an optical resonance phenomenon inside the nanowires which strongly depends on their local diameter. The Raman intensity increases with the decrease of volume excited. These effects are explained by the optical modes appearing according to the local diameter of the nanowire, the excitation wavelength and the nature of the substrate used. In addition, the Raman lines recorded along the same profiles did not show any spectral shift, reinforcing the idea that the behavior of their intensity has to be related to resonances associated with the development of local optical modes. These effects were observed to be dependent upon the type of substrate on which the isolated nanowires were transferred (dielectric versus metallic substrates). No effect of the confinement of phonon mode in our nanowires was observed
Chen, Wanghua. "Modélisation de la croissance des nanofils de Si et métrologie à l'échelle atomique de la composition des nanofils." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651352.
Full textBeznasyuk, Daria Vyacheslavovna. "Nanofils à hétérostructures axiales GaAs/InAs pour applications photoniques sur Si." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY032/document.
Full textCombining direct bandgap III-V compound semiconductors, such as InAs and GaAs, with silicon to realize on-chip optical light emitters and detectors at telecommunication wavelengths is an important technological objective. However, traditional thin film epitaxy of InAs and GaAs on silicon is challenging because of the high lattice mismatch between the involved materials. These epitaxial thin films exhibit a poor quality at the interface with silicon, limiting the performance of future devices. Nanowires can overcome the mismatch challenge owing to their small lateral size and high aspect ratio. Thanks to their free, unconstrained surfaces, nanowires release the mismatch strain via elastic lateral relaxation. In this context, my thesis aimed at growing axial GaAs/InAs nanowire heterostructures on silicon substrates to realize on-chip, integrated, single-photon emitters. In this experimental work, I grew nanowires by gold-assisted vapor liquid solid mechanism in a molecular beam epitaxy reactor. The nanowires were then characterized using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate their composition and crystalline structure. Strain distribution was studied experimentally using geometrical phase analysis and compared theoretically with finite element simulations, performed with the COMSOL software. During this thesis, I tackled different challenges inherent to axial nanowire heterostructures, such as kinking during material exchange, compositionally graded interfaces, and radial overgrowth. First, I developed an optimized a growth protocol to prevent the formation of kinks. Kinks usually appear when the gold catalyst at the nanowire tip has been destabilized. By keeping a high supersaturation in the gold droplet during the entire growth procedure, straight InAs-on-GaAs nanowires were achieved with a yield exceeding 90%. By a careful tuning of the material fluxes supplied during growth, I significantly improved the interface sharpness between the InAs and GaAs nanowire segments: the use of a high In flux during the growth of the InAs segment resulted in a 5 nm composition gradient at the InAs/GaAs interface. Through the careful analysis of the nanowires’ chemical composition, I observed that the nominally pure InAs segments grown on top of GaAs are in fact ternary InxGa1-xAs alloys. I found out that Ga incorporation in the nominal InAs segment is due to the diffusion of Ga adatoms thermally created on the GaAs nanowire sidewalls and on the two-dimensional GaAs layer grown on silicon substrate. I demonstrated that the use of large nanowire diameters prevents Ga diffusion along the nanowire sidewalls, resulting in the growth of pure InAs segments on top of GaAs. Finally, I studied how 7% mismatch strain at the InAs/GaAs interface is distributed along the nanowire, depending on the nanowire diameter and interface sharpness. I observed that nanowires with diameters below 40 nm are free of misfit dislocations regardless of the interface sharpness: strain is fully, elastically released via crystalline planes bending close to the nanowire sidewalls. On the other hand, nanowires with diameters above 95 nm at the interface exhibit strain relaxation, both elastically and plastically, via plane bending and the formation of misfit dislocations, respectively. In conclusion, I have successfully fabricated highly mismatched heterostructures, confirming the prediction that axial GaAs/InAs interfaces are pseudomorphic below a certain critical diameter. These findings establish a first step towards the realization of high quality InAs quantum dots in GaAs nanowires on silicon: a promising system for on-chip single photon emission
Xu, Tao. "Croissance localisée, caractérisation structurale et électronique de nanofils silicium." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460328.
Full textPalmino, F. "Etudes d'interfaces terre rare/semi-conducteur et réalisation de croissances nanostructurées: Er/Si, Sm/Si et Pb/Sm-Si." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Franche-Comté, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00091968.
Full textDemichel, Olivier. "Propriétés électroniques de nanofils de silicium obtenus par croissance catalysée." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437370.
Full textFradetal, Louis. "Réalisation de nanodispositifs à base de nanofils Si et SiC pour des applications biocapteurs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT076/document.
Full textBiosensors are designed to detect small quantities of biomolecules in order to improve the accuracyand earliness of medical diagnosis. Among them, nanowire transistors are promising devices, as theyallow the electrical detection of biomolecules without labeling with high sensitivity and a shortresponse time. Currently, most of these devices use silicon nanowires, which can be limited by a lowchemical resistance, which leads to signal variations in the presence of biological solutions. Toovercome these limitations, silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material already used in thebiomedical field for the coating of prosthesis or bone screws. In addition to its semiconductingproperties, this material is biocompatible and shows a high chemical inertness. Therefore, it opens theway for in vivo integration of sensors.The goal of this thesis is to develop SiC biosensors at the nanoscale to detect DNA molecules. Thefirst step is the fabrication of SiC nanowire-based back gate transistors. A novel process combiningfunctionalization and lithography leading to the covalent grafting of DNA probe molecules has beendeveloped. Finally, the sensor response was measured between each step of the functionalizationprocess. The variations of the signal during the steps of grafting and hybridization of DNA moleculesdemonstrate the ability of these devices to detect DNA molecules. Additional steps have also shownthe stability, selectivity and reversibility of the device
Coulon, Pierre-Marie. "Croissance et caractérisation de nanofils/microfils de GaN." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002342.
Full textMichallon, Jérôme. "Étude et optimisation de l'absorption optique et du transport électronique dans les cellules photovoltaïques à base de nanofils." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENT012/document.
Full textPhotovoltaic energy is a very attractive way to produce renewable energy. The current increase in the photovoltaic energy production mainly takes advantage of the continuous decrease in the solar cell cost as well as to incentive policy. However, installed photovoltaic panels only contribute to a very small part of the global electricity production. Therefore, important technological developments are dedicated to the second generation of solar cells (i.e. thin film solar cells) in order to reduce more their manufacturing cost despite the resulting lower conversion efficiency owing to a weaker structural and optical material quality. One alternative way to increase the solar cell efficiency is to fabricate nanowire-based solar cells since they may benefit from a higher light absorption and carrier collection efficiency. The light absorption is actually increased thanks to the high surface/volume ratio of nanowires but also to light trapping related to the nanowire length. Furthermore, the collection of minority charge carriers is more efficient in radial structures (i.e. core-shell structures) since the nanowire diameter is very small. This PhD thesis aims at investigating the optoelectronic properties of silicon and ZnO/CdTe nanowires (absorption, lifetime of minority charge carriers, bulk and surface recombination…) in order to design an optimised nanowire-based solar cell structure. Electromagnetic simulations will be first performed to define the best nanowire geometry for the absorbance, and then compared to experimental measurements of the absorption coefficient. Electrical characterisations (lifetime measurements, surface recombination…) will be also achieved to analyse the structural quality and to simulate the solar cell electrical properties. Some prototypes of optimised solar cells will eventually be fabricated
Puyoo, Etienne. "Caractérisation thermique de nanofils de silicium pour des applications à la thermoélectricité." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14110/document.
Full textThe recent development of nanotechnologies is like a revival for the field of research on thermoelectricity. Over the past decade, several studies have underlined the fact that the thermoelectric figure of merit can be drastically enhanced in low dimensional semiconductor systems. In particular, silicon nanowires have been recently presented as good candidates for thermoelectric applications. Although bulk silicon is a poor thermoelectric material, by greatly reducing thermal conductivity without much affecting the electrical resistivity, Si nanowires show promise as high-performance thermoelectric materials. However, the experimental investigations on this topic do not abound in literature. Here, we propose experiments based on Scanning Thermal Microscopy which allows us to carry out thermal images of individual Si nanowires with a spatial resolution around 100 nm. Then, a model describing the SThM probe thermal behavior enables us to extract thermo-physical properties from the thermal images and finally to evaluate the thermal conductivity of the individually imaged Si nanowires. The technique proposed here is a promising one to perform statistical thermal conductivity measurements on a wide range of one-dimensional nano-objects with different compositions and geometries. Besides, we validate the feasibility of electrical conductivity measurements on individual Si nanowires, using Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy. Electrical conductivity is also a key parameter to determine the thermoelectric figure of merit
Mavel, Amaury. "Nanofils de semiconducteurs III-V épitaxiés sur Si(111) pour la photonique sur silicium." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI015/document.
Full textMicroelectronics encounter growing issues with components miniaturization. Silicon photonics offer to avoid them by taking the photon as the information carrier, but the sources are challenging to make. This thesis thus focused on the realization by vapor-liquid-solid assisted molecular beam epitaxy and the characterization by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) of InAs/InP quantum dots in nanowires (QD-NW) on (111) oriented silicon, with the aim of monolithic integration of light sources. Pure wurtzite InP NWs have first been vertically grown on Si(111) with a gold-indium droplet catalyst. The preliminary formation of InP pedestals by the crystallization of the droplets, and the migration of gold at the top of the pedestals to catalyze the growth, have been evidenced. The NWs diameter has then been increased so they behave as bulk InP regarding optomechanical properties. The NWs have been put under hydrostatic pressure to several GPa to determine little known InP wurtzite parameters. The growth optimization of the InAs/InP QD-NW system has then been realized. QDs with various height and very sharp interfaces have been obtained. PL studies show more or less complex spectra, according to the QDs' height, as well as a height-tunable polarization. The last goal was to enhance the efficiency of the InAs/InP QD-NWs thanks to the photonic effect brought by an amorphous silicon shell. PL studies revealed a high signal loss and the disappearance of the polarization anisotropy of the QD-NWs emission after deposition. Several hypothesis are discussed
Potié, Alexis. "Etude de la croissance de nanofils de Si Ge et caractérisation par microscopie à force atomique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767918.
Full textAli, Ahmed Ahmed. "Développement des dispositifs à base des nanofils III-V pour le photovoltaïque." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS496/document.
Full textOver the past twenty years, semiconductor nanowires have attracted major interest for various applications thanks to their particular optoelectronic properties. The combination of the high absorption coefficient of the III-V semiconductors and the low cost of the silicon substrates would allow the realization of photovoltaic cells at low cost and high efficiency. It is in this context that this thesis was developed which focused on the development of devices based on III-V nanowires for photovoltaics. In a first part, the nanofabrication techniques for the realization of devices based on set of nanowires for photovoltaic cells are presented. Next, the fabrication and characterization of devices based on GaN nanowire arrays for photovoltaic applications is paving the way for the development of InGaN / Si tandem solar cells. In the following, we studied the growth of core-shell GaAs nanowires on Si as well as the technological steps for the fabrication of nanowire-based devices in order to prepare the ground for the realization of a tandem III-V cell on Si. Finally, the growth and electro-optical characterization of the nanowires containing axial junctions of raw GaAsP by the VLS-EJM method made it possible to determine the type of doping and the optimization of the structure in order to obtain a photovoltaic effect
Levtchenko, Alexandra. "Étude de dispositifs photovoltaïques à hétérojonctions a-Si˸H/c-Si : caractérisations vs. simulations en régime modulé de structures planaires et modélisations optoélectroniques de nanofils à structure radiale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS028/document.
Full textIn the context of the research on improving performances and reducing costs of silicon-based solar cells, we focused on heterojunctions between hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and crystalline silicon (c-Si). On the one hand, we studied the application of the Modulated PhotoCurrent technique (MPC) as a tool for characterizing the a-Si:H/c-Si interface and which we coupled to the Modulated PhotoLuminescence technique (MPL) widely used to study the quality of interface passivation. We characterized by these two techiques a serie of samples composed of (p)a-Si:H/(i)a-Si:H/(n)c-Si with a thickness of (i)a-Si:H going from 2 to 50 nm. An important part of this study was made by 2D numerical simulations in order to interpret our experimental results. We showed that both techniques give the same estimation of the density of interface defects between (i)a-Si:H and (n)c-Si. On the other hand, we developped a tool for coupling electrical and optical simulations for the design of nanowire-based solar cells with a radial heterojunction. Formerly, these simulations were most of the time performed separately and therefore were not allowing for a complete study of these kind of structures. We then made a study showing how the conditions of electrical contacts of nanowires affect the performances of these solar cells
Barakat, Jean-Baptiste. "Croissance auto-catalysée de nanofils d'InP sur silicium par épitaxie par jets moléculaires en mode vapeur-liquide-solide : application aux interconnexions optiques sur puce." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0027/document.
Full textMonolithic integration of III-V semiconductors materials on Si substrate is essential for the Si photonic development. We aim at achieving an optical microsource based on a regular array of III-V (InAsP/InP) nanowires (NWs) standing on top a Si waveguide. Due to their ability to be fully relaxed, nanowires growth is of deep interest. This PhD thesis has been oriented towards such context especially among self-catalyzed InP NWs growth by epitaxy. Thus we have shown that highly dense and vertical self-catalyzed InP NWs accomplishment is related to Si substrate surface oxide. A monomodal or bimodal NWs distribution have been reached through a control of indium droplets formation or growth parameters. A critical pressure and a critical temperature have been found to delimit favorable growth regime. Intrinsic optical properties have been determined to be goal sufficient. Optical simulation modeling and characterization of the polarization light state in NWs and in the Si waveguide have led us to establish functional specifications to grow vertical NWs on SOI as way that their optical modes could be coupled efficiently at telecommunications wavelength
Lépinau, Romaric de. "GaAs-on-Si solar cells based on nanowire arrays grown by molecular beam epitaxy." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS090.
Full textNanowires (NW) epitaxially grown on Si substrate are efficient light absorbers and allow to integrate high-quality III-V materials on Si by preventing defects induced by the lattice-mismatch between both materials. They provide a way to fabricate tandem III-V/Si solar cells above 30% efficiency. The goal of this thesis is to develop III-V NW solar cells grown on Si substrates. First, the control of the selective NW growth in ordered arrays on Si was addressed and vertical yields consistently above 90% and up to 100% were demonstrated. Using transmission electron microscope characterization, the growth conditions were optimized to improve the crystal quality by reducing the number of stacking faults, to investigate GaAsP NWs with the optimal bandgap for tandem, and to study core-shell heterostructures. Using cathodoluminescence to determine the carrier concentrations in NWs, it was shown that the core and the shell can be doped with Be up to p=8E18 cm⁻³, while Si is an amphoteric dopant, resulting in shell doping limited to n=5E17 cm⁻³. A solar cell fabrication process was developed to contact NW core-shell junctions. A first-generation GaAs homojunction device shows efficiencies up to 2.1%, limited by carrier collection issues, whereas the quasi-Fermi level splitting, estimated from PL measurements, reaches a promising value of 0.98 V at 82 sun, extrapolated to 0.86 V at 1 sun. A new core-shell p-i-GaAs/n-GaInP heterojunction exhibits efficiencies up to 3.7%, with a record Voc=0.65 V. These GaAs-based NW top-cells directly grown on Si pave the way toward high-efficiency tandem solar cells
Periwal, Priyanka. "VLS growth and characterization of axial Si-SiGe heterostructured nanowire for tunnel field effect transistors." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT045.
Full textAfter more than 30 years of successful scaling of MOSFET for increasing the performance and packing density, several limitations to further performance enhancements are now arising, power dissipation is one of the most important one. As scaling continues, there is a need to develop alternative devices with subthreshold slope below 60 mV/decade. In particular, tunnel field effect transistors, where the carriers are injected by quantum band to band tunneling mechanism can be promising candidate for low-power design. But, such devices require the implementation of peculiar architectures like axial heterostructured nanowires with abrupt interface. Using Au catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid synthesis of nanowires, reservoir effect restrains the formation of sharp junctions. In this context, this thesis addresses the growth of axial Si and Si1-xGex heterostructured nanowire with controlled interfacial abruptness and controlled doping using Au catalyzed VLS growth by RP-CVD. Firstly, we identify the growth conditions to realize sharp Si/Si1-xGex and Si1-xGex/Si interfacial abruptness. The two heterointerfaces are always asymmetric irrespective of the Ge concentration or nanowire diameter or growth conditions. Secondly, we study the problematics involved by the addition of dopant atoms and focus on the different approaches to realize taper free NWs. We discuss the influence of growth parameters (gas fluxes (Si or Ge), dopant ratio and pressure) on NW morphology and carrier concentration. With our growth process, we could successfully grow p-I, n-I, p-n, p-i-n type junctions in NWs. Thirdly, we present scanning probe microscopy to be a potential tool to delineate doped and hetero junctions in these as-grown nanowires. Finally, we will integrate the p-i-n junction in the NW in omega gate configuration
Brouzet, Virginie. "Réalisation et étude des propriétés électriques d'un transistor à effet tunnel 'T-FET' à nanofil Si/SiGe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT120/document.
Full textThe connected objects demand in our society is very important , given the successfull smartphone market. These newtechnological objects have the advantage to combine several functions in one ultra compact object. This diversity is possibledue to the advent of system-on-chip (SoC) and the components scaling down. The SoCs are into the More than Mooreapproach and require a large chips area, which can be reduced by the use of "More Moore" approach which was widelyused in recent years to scale down the transistors. However, this approach tends to physical limitations since the drasticscaling down of the MOSFETs ("Metal Oxide Field Efect Transistor Semicondutor") can not be continued in the future. Inaddition, the nanoŰMOSFET have parasitic efects, related to short-channel efects and a low heating dissipation. Theshort channel efects can be minimized thanks to new architectures, such as the use of nanowires, which enable a gate allaround of the channel. But the power consumption problem still drag on the transition to the next technology node and theaddition of new functions in mobile devices. Indeed, the MOSFETŠs consumed power increases with each new generation,which is mainly due to the static power increase of these transistors. To reduce it, the scientiĄc community has proposedseveral solutions, and one of the most promising is a tunnel efect transistor (TFET). Because this device exhibit lessshort-channel efects compared to the conventional MOSFET, it can operate at low drain voltages and their subthresholdslope could be lower than 60 mV/dec. The thesis aims are to fabricate and characterize tunneling transistors based onsingle silicon nanowire and silicon germanium. We will present the growth and integration of pŰiŰn nanowires TFET. Thenwe investigated the inĆuence of some parameters on the electrical performance of these transistors, in particular, the efectof the source doping level and the electrostatic gate control will be discussed. In the next part, the increase of TFETsperformance will be shown thanks to the small band-gap semiconductor use. Indeed, we insert germanium in the silicon dieto reduce the bandgap and keep a material compatible with the CMOS manufacturing. A band to band tunneling modelwas used to calculate the device current, based on the model Klaassen. Electrical measurements will be compared to thesimulated results, in order to extract the B parameter of tunnel transition for each materials used. Finally we will presentthe possible performance improvements thanks to the vertical nanowires integration
Dönmez, Noyan Inci. "Improving the performance of an all-Si based thermoelectric micro/nanogenerator." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/650830.
Full textThis thesis presents the development of a thermoelectric microgenerator (μTEG) with the aim of powering low power wireless sensor nodes for Internet of Things applications. The proposed μTEG is fabricated by means of silicon micromachining technologies and makes use of silicon (Si) and silicon/germanium (SiGe) nanowire (NW) arrays as thermoelectric material. Specific technological routes are designed to increase the power density of the μTEG. Particularly, this thesis has been focused on increasing the power density through i) thermal and electrical optimization of the thermoelectric microplatform, ii) integration of a heat exchanger on the proposed μTEGs. The thermal performance of the μTEG is enhanced by reducing the parasitic thermal losses between the hot and cold ends which ended up in %34 decrease of the thermal conductance. The electrical performance, on the other hand is improved tremendously by lowering the device internal resistance 7 to 20 times. Both has been achieved through the redesign of the architecture and processing steps for μTEG. Even though the power densities obtained from the optimized μTEGs are close to meet the expectations for low power sensor nodes (10-100 μW/cm2), further improvement is aimed by the integration of a heat exchanger. Two different routes with different heat flow directions have been designed for the integration of a heat exchanger. With the integration of the heat exchanger, a significant amount of improvement has been observed for all tested μTEGs based on different thermoelectric materials (Si NWs, SiGe NWs and Si microbeams). μTEGs with integrated heat exchanger were able to harvest 41.2 (Si NWs), 45.2 (SiGe NWs) and 34.5 μW/cm2 (Si microbeams) when they were placed on a waste heat source of 100 ◦C. This is 50-1000 times more than for similar devices without heat exchanger at the same hot plate temperature. Results obtained in this thesis are well positioned compared with the state-of-the-art μTEGs. In addition, this thesis, together with the one performed in collaboration at IREC, reports for first time on the performance of SiGe NWs based μTEG.
Dong, Zhenning. "Synthesis of GaAs nanowires and nanostructures by HVPE on Si substrate. Application to a microbial fuel cell based on GaAs nanowires." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC091/document.
Full textIII-V semiconductor nanowires exhibit excellent electrical and optical properties in laterally confined geometry which is very promising for monolithic integration of photonic nanodevices on silicon substrates. Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) process growth was therefore developed in this thesis for the growth of GaAs nanowires. This report is organized into two chapters.The first chapter introduces the state-of-the-art of self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires and nano-structures on silicon substrate. We have demonstrated the growth of self - catalyzed GaAs nanowires by HVPE on un-patterned Si (111) substrates at a low temperature of 600 °C with extremely high GaCl/AsH3 flow ratios. A model that explains well the experimental findings was developed. The second part proposes the design of a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) prototype based on GaAs nanowire samples. A MFC prototype based on GaAs nanowire and substrate was developed
Maire, Jérémie. "Thermal phonon transport in silicon nanostructures." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0044/document.
Full textIn the last two decades, nano-structuration has allowed thermoelectric efficiency to rise dramatically. Silicon (Si), originally a poor thermoelectric material, when scaled down, to form nanowires for example, has seen its efficiency improve enough to be accompanied by a renewed interest towards thermal transport in Si nanostructures. Although it is already possible to reduce thermal conductivity in Si nanostructures by nearly two orders of magnitude, thermal transport mechanisms remain unclear. A better understanding of these mechanisms could not only help to improve thermoelectric efficiency but also open up the path towards high-frequency thermal phonon control in similar ways that have been achieved with photons. The objective of this work was thus to develop a characterization platform, study thermal transport in various Si nanostructures, and ultimately highlight the contribution of the coherent phonon transport to thermal conductivity. First, we developed an optical characterization system alongside the fabrication process. Fabrication of the structures is realized on-site in clean rooms, using a combination of wet processes, electron-beam lithography, plasma etching and metal deposition. The characterization system is based on the thermoreflectance principle: the change in reflectivity of a metal at a certain wavelength is linked to its change in temperature. Based on this, we built a system specifically designed to measure suspended nanostructures. Then we studied the thermal properties of various kinds of nanostructures. Suspended unpatterned thin films served as a reference and were shown to be in good agreement with the literature as well as Si nanowires, in which thermal transport has been confirmed to be diffusive. Only at very low temperature and for short nanowires does a partially ballistic transport regime appear. While studying 1D periodic fishbone nanostructures, it was found that thermal conductivity could be adjusted by varying the shape which in turn impacts surface scattering. Furthermore, low temperature measurements confirmed once more the specularity of phonon scattering at the surfaces. Shifting the study towards 2D phononic crystals (PnCs), it was found that although thermal conductivity is mostly dominated by the surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio for most structures, when the limiting dimension, i.e. the inter-hole spacing, becomes small enough, thermal conductivity depends solely on this parameter, being independent of the S/V ratio. Lastly, we were able to observe, at low temperature in 2D PnCs, i.e. arrays of holes, thermal conduction tuning based on the wave nature of phonons, thus achieving the objective of this work
Dujardin, Romain. "Epitaxie par jets moléculaires de nanostructures isolées de germanium sur silicium." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133594.
Full textliaison résiduelle Ge-O à l'interface entre les boîtes et le Si d'encapsulation. La croissance d'îlots de Si par épitaxie latérale à travers la couche d'oxyde a permis de supprimer ces liaisons et d'obtenir une luminescence des boîtes de Ge dans l'infra rouge avec une très faible largeur de raie. Ce phénomène est attribué à une faible dispersion en taille des boites
de Ge élaborées sur ces ilots de Si. Le dernier volet de ces travaux a porté sur l'élaboration de nanofils de Si par la voie VLS et sur l'incorporation de couches fines de Ge dans ces nanofils. L'interdiffusion du silicium dans ces couches de Ge a été quantifié par diffraction anomale et la structure cristalline des fils a été étudiée par MET.
Dai, Letian. "Silicon nanowire solar cells with μc-Si˸H absorbers for tandem radial junction devices." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS303.
Full textIn this thesis, we have fabricated silicon nanowire (SiNW) radial junction solar cells with hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) as the absorber via low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). To control the density of NW on the substrates, we have used commercially available tin dioxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) with an average diameter of 55 nm as the precursor of Sn catalyst for the growth of SiNWs. The distribution of SnO₂ NPs on the substrate has been controlled by centrifugation and the dilution of the SnO₂ colloid, combined with the functionalization of the substrate. Subsequently, SnO₂ is reduced to metallic Sn after the H₂ plasma treatment, followed by the plasma-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of SiNWs upon which the P, I and N layers constituting the radial junction solar cells are deposited. We have achieved a high yield growth of SiNWs up to 70% with a very wide range of NW density, from 10⁶ to 10⁹ /cm². As an additional approach of controlling the density of SiNWs we have used evaporated Sn as the precursor of Sn catalyst. We have studied the effect of the thickness of evaporated Sn, the effect of duration of H₂ plasma treatment and the effect of H₂ gas flow rate in the plasma, on the density of SiNWs.In-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was used for monitoring the growth of SiNWs and the deposition of the layers of μc-Si:H on SiNWs. Combining in-situ SE and SEM results, a relationship between the intensity of SE signal and the length and the density of SiNWs during the growth was demonstrated, which allows to estimate the density and the length of SiNWs during the growth. We have carried out a systematic study of materials (intrinsic, p-type,n-type µc-Si:H and µcSiOx:H doped layers) and solar cells obtained in two plasma reactors named “PLASFIL” and “ARCAM”. The thicknesses of coating on the flat substrate and on the SiNWs have been determined with a linear relation which helps to design a conformal coating on SiNWs for each layer with an optimal thickness. The parameters of the SiNWs and the materials, affecting the performance of radial junction solar cells, have been systematically studied, the main ones being the length and the density of SiNWs, the thickness of intrinsic layer of μc-Si:H on SiNWs, the use of the hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon oxide (μc-SiOx:H) and the back reflector Ag. Finally, with the optimized silicon nanowire radial junction solar cells using the μc-Si:H as the absorber we have achieved an energy conversion efficiency of 4.13 % with Voc = 0.41 V, Jsc = 14.4 mA/cm² and FF = 69.7%. This performance is more than 40 % better than the previous published record efficiency of 2.9 %
Neplokh, Vladimir. "Développement et application de la technique analytique de courant induit par faisceau d’électrons pour la caractérisation des dispositifs à base de nanofils de nitrure de gallium et de silicium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS427/document.
Full textDans cette thèse je me propose d’étudier des nano-fils, et en particulier d’utiliser la technique EBIC pour explorer leurs propriétés électro-optiques. Je décris d’abord les détails de la technique d’analyse EBIC avec un bref retour historique sur la microscopie électronique, le principe physique de l’EBIC, sa résolution spatiale, les paramètres conditionnant l’amplitude du signal, et les informations que l’on peut en tirer sur le matériau en termes de défauts, champ électrique, etc. Je m’intéresse ensuite à la caractérisation de LEDs à nano-fils à base de GaN, qui ont été observés par EBIC, soit en coupe soit en vue plane (depuis le haut des fils). Les mesures EBIC sont comparées à celles de micro-électroluminescence. Plus loin j’adresse la fabrication et la mesure de nano-fils à base de GaN séparés de leur substrat d’origine. Je présente les mesures EBIC de nano-fils uniques entiers, puis de nano-fils en coupe horizontale.La partie suivante de la thèse traite d’étude EBIC des cellules solaires à base de nano-fils Si ayant d’abord une géométrie aléatoire, puis une géométrie régulière. La génération de courant dans ces cellules solaires est analysée à l’échelle submicronique. A la fin du manuscrit je discute la fabrication et les mesures EBIC de fils GaN épitaxiés sur Si. Je montre en particulier qu’une jonction p-n est enduite dans le substrat Si par la diffusion d’Al lors de la croissance de nanofils
Daudin, Rémi. "Formation et surfusion de gouttes d'alliage eutectique AuSi sur substrats de Si : étude in situ par rayonnement synchrotron X." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY003/document.
Full textSemiconductor (SC) nanowires (NMs) have been identified as important components for future electronic and sensor nanodevices. They are produced using a metal catalyst (Au) that forms a low eutectic point with the SC phase (Si) and enables their nucleation and their growth at low temperatures. The aim of this study is to investigate the formation, the structure as well as the behaviour of such liquid eutectic droplets in interaction with the substrates on which the futur NMs properties will later depend. This work has been performed in-situ, using synchrotron radiation which is the perfect tool to characterize this mechanism at the atomistic scale. The eutectic droplets have been obtained through the dewetting of thin gold films. This process has been found to modify the epitaxial relationships between the gold and the silicon substrate. The obtained droplets are accompanied by a wetting layer (WL) whose conditions of formation as well as atomic structure, which turned to be a surface reconstruction, have been determined. During the cooling process, the supercooling effects in such AuSi eutectic droplets have been found to be enhanced in the presence of this reconstruction. They are explained by the specific structure of the reconstruction which is likely to stabilize the liquid phase. Similar experiments on other systems (Au-Ge or Al-Si) were performed and a synthesis has been made in order to present the current knowledge on this topic in comparison with the results of this work
Kallel, Houssem. "Étude des propriétés optiques de nanofils individuels de Si, de Ge, et d'alliages et hétérostructures SiGe pour le contrôle de l'absorption et de la diffusion de la lumière." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2438/.
Full textIn this thesis is presented a study of the optical response of individual semiconductor nanowires in order to determine the key parameters controlling the interaction of light with a nanowire. The main objective is to enhance either the absorption efficiency for photovoltaic applications or the scattering efficiency for the control of light emission. In a first step, calculations of the optical response of single Si_{1-x}Ge_{x} nanowires performed using the analytical Mie theory, show that optical resonances occur in the solar sun wavelength range. Such resonances can be tuned by changing the nanowire diameter and Ge composition. The calculations are compared to light scattering experiments performed using dark field confocal optical microscopy on single nanowires of different diameter and Ge composition. In a second step, the theoretical study is extended to complex structures such as core-sheath Ge/Si structures to optimize the absorption efficiency compared to simple nanowires. At last, the nanowire-light emitter interaction is evidenced by the polarization dependent photoluminescence enhancement of a Si nanocrystal plane positioned in the near field of a Si nanowire, which one behaves as an optical antenna by analogy with plasmonic nanostructures. Furthermore, we show a correlation between the increase of the local electromagnetic field intensity, obtained by numerical simulations, and the Si nanocrystal photoluminescence enhancement
Lorenset, Guilherme Aluizio Steffens. "Estudo computacional da condutividade térmica de nanofios de Si." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9239.
Full textIn this work the thermal conductivity κ of Si nanowires using molecular dynamics simulations is calculated using the Müller-Plathe method. We show that at 500 K, κ for crystaline Si is 121; 557 W/mK, while for nanowires, with 54; 300 nm of length and square section of 4; 717 nm2, value is 3; 419 - 0; 053 W/mK, demonstrating a reduction of two orders of magnitude relative to crystal Si. Variations in length, diameter and temperature are studied and the results follow the macroscopic characteristics, where κ in nanowires is directly proportional to length and diameter and inversely proportional to temperature. However, an increase of 45% for κ in nanowires with growth direction [110] in relation to the directions [100] and [111] is found. The values of κ for nanowires with length 54; 300 nm and the growth direction [110] is about 4; 941 - 0; 107 W/mK, while in the direction [111] is about 3; 406 - 0; 087 W/mK. A brief study of the geometric shape of the cross section of the nanowires is performed, with a reduction of 20% is calculated on nanowires with cylindrical and rhombic section nanowires compared to same diameter and square section. The values found for κ are 2; 663-0; 043 W/mK and 2; 811-0; 038 W/mK for cylindrical nanowires and rhombohedral, respectively.
Neste trabalho é calculada a condutividade térmica κ de nanofios de Si através de simulações por dinâmica molecular, utilizando o método de Müller-Plathe. Mostramos que a 500 K, para o cristal de Si κ é igual a cerca de 121; 557 W/mK, enquanto que para nanofios, com comprimento de 54; 300 nm e seção reta quadrada de 4; 717 nm2, o valor é de 3; 419 - 0; 053 W/mK, demonstrando uma redução de duas ordens de grandeza em relação ao cristal de Si. Variações de comprimento, diâmetro e temperatura são estudadas e os resultados seguem as características macroscópicas, havendo uma relação diretamente proporcional de κ com o comprimento e o diâmetro dos nanofios e inversamente proporcional a temperatura. Entretanto, um aumento de 45% de κ nos nanofios com direção de crescimento [110] em relação às direções [100] e [111] foi encontrado. O valore de κ para nanofios com comprimento de 54; 300 nm e direção de crescimento [110] é cerca de 4; 941-0; 107 W/mK, enquanto que para a direção [111] é cerca de 3; 406-0; 087 W/mK. Um breve estudo da forma geométrica da seção reta dos nanofios é realizado, havendo uma redução de 20% calculada em nanofios com seção cilíndrica e romboédrica em comparação a nanofios de seção quadrada e mesmo diâmetro. Os valores encontrados para κ são de 2; 663 - 0; 043 W/mK e 2; 811-0; 038 W/mK para os nanofios cilíndricos e romboédricos, respectivamente.
Bourgard, João Baptista. "Nanofios de GaAs dopados com Si crescidos em substratos de GaAs e Si: análise estrutural e ótica." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16258.
Full textNo presente trabalho foram estudadas três amostras contendo nanofios de GaAs crescidos por epitaxia de feixe molecular, com uma dopagem nominal de 1016 cm-3, sobre substratos de GaAs (100), GaAs(111)B e Si(100). Imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrónica de varrimento permitiram a identificação de direções de crescimento particulares em ambos os substratos de GaAs, e de um predomínio da direção vertical para o crescimento sobre GaAs(111)B. A presença da fase da wurtzite nos nanofios foi confirmada por medições de difração de raios-X e espectroscopia de Raman. Os parâmetros de rede desta estrutura cristalina foram estimados e estão em concordância com os resultados presentes na literatura. Por sua vez, as medições de fotoluminescência sugerem que todas as transições radiativas observadas tenham origem nos interfaces da heteroestrutura do tipo-II criada pela alternância, ao longo do eixo do nanofio, de segmentos de fases da blenda de zinco e da wurtzite. Foram também identificados dois mecanismos de desexcitação não radiativos sendo que um deles resulta do envolvimento de um nível discreto atribuído à presença de defeitos nos nanofios, enquanto o outro mecanismo de desexcitação, dominante para altas temperaturas, está relacionado com a libertação do portador de carga mais fracamente ligado, para a banda de energia respetiva. Verificou-se que os nanofios crescidos sobre o substrato de GaAs(111)B apresentam uma menor razão sinal/ruído atribuída a uma maior quantidade de defeitos não radiativos ou a uma menor densidade linear de interfaces entre ambas as fases cristalinas. Foi também observada um maior número de transições radiativas para os nanofios crescidos sobre o substrato de Si(100), o que pode estar relacionado com a existência de uma elevada dispersão de larguras dos segmentos. Este estudo ótico permitiu ainda identificar fortes semelhanças entre algumas das transições radiativas em amostras diferentes o que sugere que estas recombinações tenham origem em defeitos e/ou heteroestruras similares.
In the present work, three samples containing GaAs nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy, with a nominal doping of 1016 cm-3, on GaAs (100), GaAs(111)B and Si(100) substrates, were studied. Scanning electron microscopy images allowed the identification of particular growth directions on both GaAs substrates and a predominant vertical alignment in the case of nanowires grown on the GaAs(111)B substrate. The presence of the wurtzite phase in the nanowires was confirmed by X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The lattice parameters of this crystalline structure were estimated and are in good agreement with the reported results in the literature. The photoluminescence measurements suggest that all the observed radiative transitions originate a type-II heterostructure created by the zinc blend and wurtzite alternating segments along the nanowire axis. Two non-radiative de-excitation mechanisms were also identified, one resulting from the participation of a discrete level assigned to the presence of defects in the nanowire, while the other is related to the release of the least bound charge carrier to the respective band. A lower signal-to-noise ratio was observed for the nanowires grown on GaAs(111)B which might be related to a higher number of non radiative defects or a lower linear density of interfaces between the two crystalline phases. In addition, it was found that the number of observed radiative transitions is higher for the nanowires grown on Si(100) substrate, which can be related to a high dispersion of segment dimensions. This optical study also allowed the identification of strong similarities between some of the radiative transitions in different samples, which suggests that these radiative recombinations originate from defects and/or similar heterostructures.
CORTEZ, André Hadad. "Propriedades eletrônicas de nanofios de SI-GE com sequenciamento de Fibonacci e radômico." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2012. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1857.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-08-23T17:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCortez.pdf: 8621619 bytes, checksum: a2c58769de7cc646bd6e13cee7259a78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-28
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
In this work we address a theoretical calculation of the electronic spectra in Si-Ge atomic chain that is arranged in a Fibonacci quasi-periodic sequence, by using semi-empirical quantum method based on Hückel extended model. We apply the Fibonacci substitutional sequences in the atomic building blocks A(Si) and B(Ge) through the in ation rule or recursion relation. In our ab initio calculations we use only a single point which is the sufi cient condition to consider all the orbitals and charge distribution across the entire system. Although the calculations presented here are more complete than the models adopted in the literature which take into account the electronic interaction, up to the second and third neighbors, an interesting property remains in their electronic spectra: the fractality (which is the main signature of this kind of system). We discuss this fractality of the spectra and we compare them with the randomic arrangement of Si-Ge atomic chain, and with previous results based on the tight-binding approximation of Schorödinger equation considering until the nearest neighbor.
Neste trabalho abordamos um cálculo teórico dos espectros eletrônicos em cadeia atômica de Si-Ge que é organizado em uma sequência Fibonacci quasi-periódica, usando o método semi-empírico com base no modelo quântico Hückel estendido. Nós aplicamos as sequências substitucional de Fibonacci nos blocos de construção atômica A(Si) e B(Ge) através da relação de recursão. Em nossos cálculos ab initio, usamos apenas um único ponto, que é a condição sufi ciente para considerar todos os orbitais e a distribuição de cargas em todo o sistema. Embora os cálculos apresentados aqui sejam mais completos do que os modelos adotados na literatura que levam em conta a interação eletrônica, até segundos e terceiros vizinhos, uma propriedade interessante permanece em seus espectros eletrônicos: a fractalidade (que é a assinatura principal deste tipo de sistema). Discutimos essa fractalidade dos espectros e as comparamos com os espectros de cadeia atômica randômica de Si-Ge, e, também, com os resultados prévios baseados na aproximação tight-binding da equação Schorödinger considerando até o vizinho mais próximo.
HUANG, Han Pang. "Síntese e caracterização de nanoestruturas 1D de ITO e SnO2:Si." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2011.
Find full textMelo, José Joaquim de Souza. "Estudo da transição de molhabilidade e a formação de nanofios amorfos de óxido de silício em estruturas Au/Si." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95562.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T03:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 288660.pdf: 17700246 bytes, checksum: b5c6725b7037f6c318696f75189f12bb (MD5)
Nesta tese de doutorado foram realizados repetidos experimentos com o objetivo de se investigar os efeitos da transição de molhabilidade e da formação de nanofios amorfos de óxido de silício em estruturas de Au/Si. Para tratamentos térmicos em chama de gás e em forno convencional, neste caso, em temperaturas controladas e inferiores a 950oC, observou-se a formação de aglomerados de Au na superfície do substrato monocristalino de Si. Estes resultados foram descritos com base no fenômeno conhecido como transição de molhabilidade (#dewetting# em inglês). Para a temperatura de 1050 oC, o tratamento térmico em forno sob atmosfera de Argônio foram observados nanofios de SiO2 que cresceram a partir do consumo de Si do substrato e oxigênio do meio de tratamento térmico. A liberação de Si é devida a ação catalítica do Au e a corrosão da lâmina semicondutora é anisotrópica. Para nanofios com diâmetros entre 20 e 50 nm foram observadas nanoesferas monocristalinas de Au, com diâmetros na faixa de 15 a 20nm.
In this doctorate thesis were carried out systematic experiments with the aim of investigating the effects of dewetting nanowires and the formation of amorphous silicon oxide structures in Au/Si. For heat treatment with gas flame and in conventional furnace with quartz tube, in this case, and at controlled temperatures below 950 ºC, were observed the formation of Au clusters on the surface of the substrate of monocrystalline Si These results were described based on the phenomenon known as dewetting. For the temperature of 1050 ºC, whose thermal treatment furnace quartz tube under an atmosphere of argon were observed SiO2 nanowires that grew from the Si substrate absortion and oxygen from the environment. The Si is due to the catalytic action of Au, and the anisotropic corrosion on the semiconducting blade. For nanowires with diameters between 20 and 50 nm were observed for monocrystalline Au nanospheres with diameters ranging from 15 to 20nm.
Pang, Huang Han. "Síntese e caracterizacão de óxidos unidimensionais de SnO2, SnO2:Ge,SnO2:Si e SnO2:Zn." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
Find full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências e Materiais Avançados, 2016.
This work discusses the study of growth mechanisms of oxide nanobelts by chemical vapor deposition. Initially, were synthesized tin oxide (SnO2) nanobelts and from images obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was verified that the growth of nanobelts is a combination of two main mechanisms: vapor-liquid-solid and vapor-solid. Thus, similar thermodynamics conditions were used to synthesize SnO2 germanium (Ge), silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) doped. Crystalline structure of the samples was determined by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). The chemical composition and doping was verified by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, Ge doped SnO2 nanobelts were characterized by High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results suggest that the synthesis method used in this work allows to obtain monocrystalline materials and also the presence of doping elements in SnO2 structure. It was also observed that the doping elements do not form core-shell structures. We also study electronics transport mechanisms in a single nanobelt. First, we studied the electronic transport properties and electron resistance as a function of temperature (R(T)). The results suggest that there is a similar behavior in the samples: there is an interface between metallic (T > 240 °C) and semiconductor (T < 240 °C) behavior. In the region of semiconductor behavior, the Arrhenius model, Efros-Shklovskii and variable range hopping were adjusted and the results showed that the conduction mechanisms in this range occurs through variable range hopping. The model also allows to obtain the parameters of average distance hopping and the values obtained agree with the dimensionality of the eletronic system of the samples. Then, studies were carried out to verify the influence of ultraviolet light on the electronics properties. The photoconduction behavior was adjusted by the Bloch Gr¨uneisen model, from these results adjustments n value and Debye temperature was obtained and the results indicates that electronic transport is strongly dependent on the electron-phonon scattering. Finally, a photoconduction study was carried out as a function of time, the results obtained indicated that oxygen atoms and vacancies influence the conduction of the materials.
Este trabalho envolve o estudo dos mecanismos de crescimento de nanofitas de oxidos pela deposição química em fase vapor (CVD). Inicialmente, foram sintetizadas nanofitas de oxido de estanho (SnO2) e, a partir de imagens obtidas por Microscopia Eletronica de Varredura (MEV), verificou-se que o crescimento das nanofitas ocorre a partir da mistura de dois mecanismos principais: vapor-líquido-solido (VLS) e vapor¿solido (VS). Desse modo, condições termodinamicas semelhantes foram utilizadas para sintetizar nanofitas de SnO2 dopadas com germanio (Ge), silício (Si) e zinco (Zn). As amostras foram caracterizadas por Difraçao de raios X (DRX) para investigar a estrutura cristalina e fases presentes nas amostras de SnO2 pura e dopadas. Espectroscopia de raios X por Dispersao de Energia (EDS) foi utilizada para analisar a razão da composição o química de nanofitas e verificar a efetividade da dopagem. Al'em disso, as nanofitas de SnO2 dopadas com Ge foram caracterizadas por Microscopia Eletronica de Transmissão de Alta Resolução (HRTEM) e pela técnica de Espectroscopia Raman. Os resultados sugerem que a partir do metodo de síntese utilizado neste trabalho foram obtidos materiais monocristalinos, indicando a presen¸ca dos elementos dopantes na estrutura do SnO2 e que estes não formaram estruturas do tipo core-shell. Foi realizado tamb'em um estudo dos mecanismos de transporte eletronico em uma 'unica nanofita. Primeiramente, estas propriedades foram estudas a partir de medidas de resist¿encia el'etrica como função da temperatura (R(T)). Os resultados mostraram que o comportamento de R(T) 'e semelhante em todas as amostras: ha uma interface entre o comportamento met alico (para T > 240°C) e semicondutor (para T < 240 °C). Na regiao com comportamento semicondutor, as curvas foram ajustadas pelo modelo de Arrhenius, Efros-Shklovskii e hopping de alcance variavel e os resultados sugerem que o mecanismo de conduçao nessa faixa de temperatura ocorre por meio de hopping de alcance vari'avel. Alem disso, esse modelo permitiu calcular os parametros de distancia media de hopping e os valores obtidos estao de acordo com a dimensionalidade do sistema eletronico das amostras. Em seguida, foram realizados estudos para verificar a influ¿encia da luz ultravioleta nas propriedades eletronicas. O comportamento de fotocondução foi ajustado pelo modelo de Bloch Gruneisen, a partir destes ajustes obteve-se valores de n e a temperatura de Debye e os resultados indicam que a condução é fortemente dependente do espalhamento eletron-fonon. Finalmente, foi realizado um estudo de fotocondução como função do tempo e os resultados obtidos indicaram que atomos de oxigenio e vacancias influenciam a condutividade eletrica do material.
Mouchet, (épouse Riuné) Céline. "Croissance de nanofils de silicium et de Si/SiGe." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345969.
Full text