Academic literature on the topic 'Nanofiltrace'

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Journal articles on the topic "Nanofiltrace"

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Kedang, Yohana Ivana. "Membran Nanofiltrasi untuk Aplikasi Pemisah Zat." Jurnal Saintek Lahan Kering 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/slk.v2i1.444.

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Mekanisme pemisahan nanofiltrasi sebagian besar didasarkan pada ukuran dan perbedaan tingkat difusi untuk molekul organik dan efek elektrostatik untuk ion. Namun, karena molekul yang tidak bermuatan lebih banyak, mekanisme berdasarkan ukuran molekul lebih banyak digunakan. Membran nanofiltrasi beroperasi tanpa perubahan fasa dan biasanya memiliki penolakan tinggi terhadap garam anorganik multivalen dan molekul organik kecil pada tekanan sedang. Hal ini membuat proses pemisahan sangat kompetitif dalam hal selektifitas dan biaya bila dibandingkan dengan perpisahan tradisional. Membran nanofiltrasi telah diaplikasikan di berbagai sektor industri yaitu pengolahan air limbah, proses farmasi dan bioteknologi, serta rekayasa pangan. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan ide dan rekomendasi mengenai inovasi pembuatan membran nanofiltrasi untuk pemisah limbah zat warna.
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Nugroho, Andriono Sapto. "UJI KINERJA MEMBRAN NANOFILTRASI ZEOLIT UNTUK MENAPIS NITRAT DAN AMONIUM AIR LIMBAH PRODUKSI TAHU." Jurnal Purifikasi 14, no. 2 (July 26, 2014): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j25983806.v14.i2.16.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi proses sintesis serta karakteristik membran nanofiltrasi dengan bahan baku zeolit alam secara spesifik serta mencari efektifitas kinerja zeolit sebagai membran nanofiltrasi untuk menurunkan kadar nitrat dan amonium dalam limbah cair tahu yang ada di Surabaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengurangi bahkan menghilangkan nitrat dan amonium serta dapat mengoptimalkannya, adalah dengan menentukan ukuran partikel zeolit 40 mesh serta durasi proses centrifuge selama 10 menit dengan penambahan NH4Cl sebagai porogen dan penambahan lapisan pendukung PEG 400 sebagai kekuatan membran. Kinerja membran zeolit nanofiltrasi sangat baik dan efektif dalam menapis nitrat dan amonium, dimana permeabilitas membran zeolit nanofiltrasi tertinggi pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh dengan durasi centrifuge 10 menit dengan nilai 3.81 L/m2.jam serta permselektivitas membran zeolit tertinggi dalam menapis nitrat pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh dengan durasi centrifuge10 menit dengan nilai 57.72% pada volume limbah 25% sedangkan permselektivitas membran zeolit tertinggi dalam menapis amonium pada ukuran partikel 40 mesh dengan durasi 10 menit dengan nilai 98.18% pada volume limbah 75%.
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Dudziak, Mariusz, Klaudiusz Grübel, and Mariusz Kuglarz. "THE SEQUENTIAL WATER TREATMENT CONTAINING MYCOESTROGENS IN PHOTOCATALYSIS AND NANOFILTRATION PROCESSES." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 32 (2013): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/364.

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Kedang, Yohana Ivana. "Review: Karakterisasi dan Modifikasi Membran Poliamida untuk Aplikasi Pemisahan Zat Warna." Jurnal Saintek Lahan Kering 1, no. 2 (December 23, 2018): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/slk.v1i2.568.

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Membran nanofiltrasiterjadi akibat proses perbedaan tekanan untuk memisahkan solut berukuran lebih besar dari larutan. Membran inidigunakan pada proses pemurnian air, seperti pelunakan air, penghilangan zat warna, dan penghilangan mikropolutan. Membran memiliki beberapa kriteria yang penting untuk menentukan kinerja membran sebagai filtrasi yakni parameter fluks (permeabilitas), rejeksi (permselektivitas), ketebalan, morfologi dan sifat mekanik membran. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan ide dan rekomendasi mengenai karakterisasi membran serta pembuatan membran nanofiltrasi menggunakan modifikasi membran poliamida.
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Ciptaraharja, Iman, and Veronica S. Praptowidodo. "Membran nonofiltrasi untuk penghilangan ion valensi tinggi dan senyawa organik dari sumber air salinitas tinggi." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 5, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.3.3.

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Utilization of nanofiltration membrane for high valence ion and organic compound removing from high salinized water source.The influence of solvent selection to membrane morphology for cellulose acetate nanofiltration membrane preparation in mass transfer of a multistage reverse osmosis process is studied. Membrane is prepared via precipitation immersion technique. The polymer used in this study is cellulose acetate (CA) with a concentration of 25 %-w. The feed concentration of univalent ion solution (NaCl) is varied between 2000-16.000 mg/L. The operating pressure is adjusted such that the operating pressure is three times of the osmotic pressure of NaCl solution. The concentration of bivalent ion (CaCl2), trivalent ion (FeCl3), and organic substance (glucose) are 200 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L, respectively. The morphology of the membrane is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Membrane CA-01 (CA/DMF/Water) is a nanofiltration membrane with a thinner active layer and a more porous support layer than membrane CA-02 (CA/Aceton/Watter) which is categorized as a reverse osmosis membrane. A reduced feed concentration (at a fixed operating pressure) gives an elevated flux however the rejection is decreased. Meanwhile, an elevated operating pressure (at a fixed feed concentration) gives an elevated flux and rejection. Membrane CA-01 has met the requirement as a nanofiltration membrane since it gives 66 % rejection for NaCl at 20 Bar. At the same operating pressure, membrane CA-01 gives rejection for CaCl2, FeCl3, and glucose of 80.45%, 82.14%, and 83.42%, respectively.Keywords: Cellulose Acetate, Membrane, Multistage, Nanotiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Saline WaterAbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis pelarut dalam pembuatan membran nanofiltrasi dari polimer selulosa asetat terhadap struktur morfologi membran dalam peristiwa perpindahan massa pada proses pemisalan osmosis balik multitahap. Teknik pembuatan membran yang digunakan adalah presipitasi imersi. Polimer membran yang digunakan adalah seulosa asetat (CA) pada konsentrasi 25 %-berat. Umpan yang digunakan adalah larutan ion valensi satu (NaCl) dengan variasi konsentrasi antara 2000 hingga 16.000 mg/L. Tekanan operasi diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga nilai rekanan operasi adalah sekitar tiga kali tekanan osmotik larutan NaCl. Percobaan juga dilakukan untuk umpan larutan ion valensi dua (CaCl2), ion valensi tiga (FeCl3), dan senyawa organik (glukosa) dengan konsentrasi, berturut-turut, adalah 200 mg/L, 50 mg/L, dan 100 mg/L. Struktur morfologi membran diuji menggunakan metoda Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Membran CA-01 (CA/DMF/Air) merupakan membran nanofiltrasi dengan lapisan aktif yang lebih tipis dan ukuran pori lapisan penyangga yang lebih besar daripada membran CA-02 (CA/Aseton/Air), yang termasuk ke dalam membran osmosis balik. Penurunan konsentrasi umpan pada tekanan operasi yang tetap memberikan nilai fluks yang meningkat, namun memberikan nilai rejeksi yang menurun. Sementara itu, peningkatan tekanan operasi pada konsentrasi umpan yang tetap akan memberikan nilai fluks dan rejeksi yang meningkat. Membran CA-01 telah memenuhi persyaratan sebagai membran nanofiltrasi dengan rejeksi NaCl mencapai 66 % pada tekanan 20 Bar. Pada tekanan yang sama membran CA-01 memberikan nilai rejeksi untuk CaCl2, FeCl3, dan glukosa berturut-turut sebesar 80,45%, 82,14%, dan 83,42 %.Kata Kunci: Air Salinitas Tinggi, Membran, Multitahap, Nanofiltrasi, Osmosis Balik, Selulosa Asetat.
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Al-Jlil, S. "Performance of nano-filtration and reverse osmosis processes for wastewater treatment." Materiali in tehnologije 51, no. 3 (June 2, 2017): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2015.250.

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Greve, Jens, Janina Hahn, Melanie Nordmann, Patrick J. Schuler, Murat Bas, Thomas K. Hoffmann, Zuzana Hajdu, Maria Buchberger, and Ulrich Strassen. "Nanofiltrated C1-esterase-inhibitor in the prophylactic treatment of bradykinin-mediated angioedema." Transfusion 56, no. 5 (January 12, 2016): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/trf.13462.

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Dudziak, Mariusz, and Edyta Burdzik-Niemiec. "THE INFLUENCE OF WATER MATRIX ON THE SEPARATION OF SELECTED ESTROGENS AND XENOESTROGENS BY NANOFILTRATION." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/65858.

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Sáenz, C., H. Gómez, A. M. Fabry, B. Cancino, C. Vergara, and R. Paz. "SOFT-DRINKS PREPARED WITH PULP, ULTRAFILTRATED AND NANOFILTRATED PURPLE CACTUS PEAR MICROPARTICLES: BETALAINS STABILITY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1067 (January 2015): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1067.47.

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Pabinger-Fasching, Ingrid. "Warfarin-reversal: results of a phase III study with pasteurised, nanofiltrated prothrombin complex concentrate." Thrombosis Research 122 (January 2008): S19—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-3848(08)70005-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanofiltrace"

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Sibille, Isabelle. "Stabilité biologique d'un réseau de distribution alimenté avec une eau nanofiltrée." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10336.

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Miroslav, Kukučka. "Uklanjanje visokog sadržaja organskih i neorganskih polutanata iz podzemnih voda Vojvodine primenom nanofiltracije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101531&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Cilj ovog rada je ispitivanje mogućnosti uklanjanja visokih koncentracija organskih i neorganskih materija iz vodenih rastvora „Cross-Flow“ nanofiltracijom primenom spiralno uvijenih membrana. Mogućnosti separacije NOM-a, amonijum-jona i ukupnog arsena su ispitivane na koncentratima-otpadnim vodama dobijenim iz industrijskih nanofiltracionih uređaja i obuhvaćeni su eksperimentima serije NFCP. Izdvajanje visokih koncentracija jona kalcijuma, magnezijuma, gvožđa i mangana je ispitivano iz prirodnih podzemnih voda i izvedeno je u eksperimentima serije NFWP. Određeni su optimalni fluksevi i transmembranski pritisci, kao i koncentracije doziranja kompleksirajućih supstanci. Dobijeni poluindustrijski rezultati su praktično primenjivi u velikoj skali za pripremu pijaće vode kako iz dubokih, tako i iz plitkih akvifera. Primena prikazanih rezultata u pripremi vode za piće od vode dubokih izdani uz značajne uštede resursa je namenjena prvenstveno lokacijama u Panonskom basenu. Tretman bunarske vode plitkih izdani je pogodan posebno zbog dodatka organskih kompleksirajućih agenasa koji supstituišu uobičajene postupke deferizacije i demanganizacije i na taj način znatno smanjuju kako investicione, tako i eksploatacione troškove postrojenja. Dobijeni rezultati su poslužili kao osnova za izradu idejnog rešenja industrijskog postrojenja za kondicioniranje pijaće vode od bunarske vode duboke izdani iz regiona grada Zrenjanina, kao i izradu idejnog rešenja industrijskog postrojenja za kondicioniranje pijaće vode od bunarske vode plitke izdani regiona grada Bačke Palanke za naseljeno mesto Despotovo.
The goal of this thesis was to examine removal possibility of high concentrations of organic and inorganic matter from aquatic solution using “Cross-flow” spiral wound nanofiltration membranes. Natural organic matter, ammonia ions and total arsenic removal was examined using concentrates – waste water obtained from industrial nanofiltration plant and they present NFCP experiment series. Removal of high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese ions was a part of NFWP experiments and was conducted using natural groundwater. Optimal fluxes and transmembrane pressures, as well as complexing substances dosage concentrations were determined. Obtained results in semi industrial scale are practically applicable on the large scale plants for drinking water preparation from deep wells, as well as from shallow aquifers. Application of presented results, concerning drinking water preparation from deep wells with significant savings of water resources, is designed especially for locations in Pannonia basin. Shallow aquifer well water treatment is applicable in practice especially because of addition of organic complexation agents that substitutes conventional deferization and manganese removal methods ultimately reducing investment and exploitation costs. On the basis of obtained results, industrial plant that produces drinking water from Zrenjanin aquifer deep well was designed. Furthermore, potable water industrial plant was designed that used shallow aquifer well water located in Bačka Palanka region, settlement Despotovo.
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Carmona, Caldera Francisco José. "Cinética de degradación de betalaínas en micropartículas de pulpa de atún (Opuntia ficus-indica), extracto ultrafiltrado y nanofiltrado." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/147798.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Mención Producción Agroindustrial
La tuna púrpura (Opuntia ficus-indica), es una importante fuente natural de compuestos bioactivos, destacándose las betalaínas (betacianinas y betaxantinas) y polifenoles, que representan una alternativa para el desarrollo de ingredientes funcionales debido a sus características colorantes y antioxidantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la estabilidad de las betalaínas en micropartículas de pulpa de tuna púrpura (Opuntia ficus-indica), extracto ultrafiltrado (UF) y nanofiltrado (NF), estudiando su cinética de degradación. Las micropartículas se prepararon por secado por atomización, utilizando Capsul (C) y K-4484 (K), como agentes encapsulantes. Las micropartículas de los seis sistemas (P-C, P-K, UF-C, UF-K, NF-C y NF-K) se almacenaron a tres temperaturas (30, 45 y 60 ºC). Se determinaron las constantes de degradación de betacianinas y betaxantinas y parámetros termodinámicos. La degradación siguió una cinética de primer orden para todos los sistemas de micropartículas estudiados. Las constantes de velocidad de degradación para las betacianinas estuvieron entre 1,8 - 12,1 x 10-3 dias-1 para 30ºC, entre 3,2 - 14,2 x 10-3 dias-1 para 45ºC y entre 5,8 - 30,4 x 10-3 dias-1 para 60ºC. Para las betaxantinas se obtuvieron constantes de degradación entre 1,3 - 2,1 x 10-3 dias-1 para 30ºC, entre 1,8 - 3,1 x 10-3 dias-1 para 45ºC y entre 2,5 - 4,3 x 10-3 dias-1 para 60ºC. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la energía de activación (Ea), entalpía de activación (ΔH≠) y entropía de activación (ΔS≠) para betacianinas entre los sistemas P-C, P-K, UF-C, UF-K y NF-C. Por otro lado, el cambio de energía de activación de betacianina para el sistema NF-K fue significativamente mayor con respecto a los otros sistemas estudiados, lo cual fue concordante con la menor constante de velocidad de degradación. Se obtuvo una relación lineal en el gráfico de ΔH≠ vs ΔS≠, éste efecto sugiere que tanto las betacianinas como las betaxantinas se degradaron por un mecanismo similar. Las micropartículas obtenidas en este estudio, podrían ser utilizadas en la industria de alimentos por sus propiedades colorantes y antioxidantes. Palabras claves: Micropartículas, pigmentos naturales, estabilidad de betalaínas.
Purple cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica), is an important source of bioactive compounds, mainly betalains (betacyanins and betaxanthins) and polyphenols, which represent an alternative for new functional ingredients with colorant and antioxidant properties. The objective of this investigation was to determine the stability of betalains from purple cactus pear pulp (Opuntia ficus-indica), ultrafiltrated (UF) and nanofiltrated (NF) extracts microparticles, studying their kinetics degradation. Microparticles were obtained by spray-drying using Capsul (C) and K-4484 (K) as encapsulating agents. The microparticles (P-C, P-K, UF-C, UF-K, NF-C and NF-K), were stored at three temperatures (30, 45 and 60 °C). Degradation rate constants of betacyanins and betaxanthins and thermodynamic parameters were determined. The betacyanin and betaxanthin degradation followed first order kinetics for all studied microparticles systems. Betacyanins degradation constants were between 1,8 - 12,1 x 10-3 days-1 for 30°C, between 3,2 - 14,2 x 10-3 days-1 for 45°C and between 5,8 - 30,4 x 10-3 days-1 for 60ºC. The degradation constants for betaxanthins were between 1,3 - 2,1 x 10-3 days-1 for 30°C, between 1,8 - 3,1 x 10-3 days-1 for 45°C and between 2,5 - 4,3 x 10-3 days-1 for 60ºC. No significant differences were observed in the activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH≠) and activation entropy (ΔS≠) for betacyanins among P-C, P-K, UF-C, UF-K and NF-C systems. Furthermore, the activation energy change for betacyanin in the NF-K system was significantly higher regard to the other systems, in accordance with the lower degradation constant. A linear relationship was obtained between ΔH≠ and ΔS≠, suggesting that both, betaxanthins and betacyanins, are degraded by a similar mechanism. Microparticles obtained in this study could be used in food industry for their colorant and antioxidant properties.
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Pereira, Beatriz Silva. "Seleção de meio de cultura para determinação da viabilidade de bifidobactérias durante a vida de prateleira de bebida láctea fermentada com soro de leite nanofiltrado." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-98MHME.

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Production of fermented lactic beverages added with cheese whey has been favored by consumers quest for healthy foods and by the use of whey in dairy industry. Dairy industry aiming functional foods production being added probiotics cultures, which should present the minimum counting of viable cells of 106 CFU.g-1 of the product at the time of consumption. It is extremely important to evaluate methods for quantification of these probiotic strains. Culture media (Gentamicin-MRS, Dicloxaciline-MRS, Bile-MRS, NNLP-MRS, Maltose-MRS and LP-MRS) were evaluated for ability to selective enumeration of different bifidobacteria strains (B. longum 51A, B. bifidum 1622A, B. breve 1101A, and B. pseudolongum 1191A). Viability of Bifidobacterium strain, starter culture, and acidity, pH and syneresis were monitored during storage (5°, 28 days). G-MRS and Bile-MRS medium significantly inhibited (p<0,05) L-812 starter culture and showed good probiotic strains recovery, without statistic difference to the standard medium (MRS). However, Bile-MRS showed the best Bifidobacterium recovery (94%) and the best inhibition of the starter culture (L-812). This was the medium used for enumeration of probiotic microorganisms in the presence of L-812 culture. In the shelf-life study, pH lowered significantly in the first week only, dropping from 4.8 (time 0) to 4.21 (7 days). Only beverage added with B. pseudolongum 1191A had acidity increased on the 14th day, remaining stable until the 28th day. Syneresis has lowered 6.05% for the four lactic beverages. Lactic acid-bacteria count remained above 8.0 Log CFU.mL-1 over time. For Bifidobacterium spp. viability, all the strains decreased from less than 6.0 log CFU.mL-1 from the 7th day of analysis, allowing no probiotic beverage characterization. The lactic beverages showed good storage stability, although other variables are to be explored in order to find a food matrix in which probiotic strains remain viable.
A busca pela alimentação mais saudável, aliada ao aproveitamento do soro lácteo pelas indústrias de laticínios, torna favorável a elaboração de bebidas lácteas fermentadas com soro lácteo. As indústrias de laticínios visando à produção de alimentos funcionais têm adicionado culturas probióticas, que devem apresentar o mínimo de células viáveis de 106 UFC/g de produto no momento do consumo. Torna-se extremamente relevante avaliar métodos de quantificação destas linhagens probióticas. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a capacidade dos meios Gentamicina-MRS, Dicloxacilina- MRS, Bile-MRS, NNLP-MRS, Maltose-MRS e LP-MRS para enumeração seletiva de diferentes linhagens de bifidobactérias (B. longum 51A, B. bifidum 1622A, B. breve 1101A e B. pseudolongum 1191A) na presença de culturas iniciadoras comerciais (L-812 e Harmony 1.0 Christian Hansen) e estudou-se a viabilidade dos micro-organismos durante a vida de prateleira de bebidas lácteas fermentadas com cultura L-812, adicionadas de soro lácteo nanofiltrado. Durante o armazenamento (5ºC, 28 dias) também foram monitorados a acidez, pH e sinérese. Dos meios estudados, G-MRS e Bile-MRS inibiram significativamente (p<0,05) a cultura iniciadora L-812 e permitiram boa recuperação de células das linhagens probióticas, sem diferença estatística com o padrão. Porém, Bile-MRS garantiu melhor porcentagem de recuperação (> 94%) para Bifidobacterium spp. e foi o meio que mais inibiu a cultura iniciadora L-812, tendo sido este o meio escolhido para enumeração dos micro-organismos probióticos na presença da cultura L-812. No estudo da vida de prateleira, houve redução significativa do pH somente na primeira semana, passando de 4,8 (tempo 0) para 4,21 ( 7 dias). O teor de acidez aumentou apenas na bebida adicionada de B. pseudolongum 1191A até o 14º dia e manteve-se estável até o 28º. Houve redução média de 6,05% nos índices de sinérese das quatro bebidas. A contagem de bactérias ácido-lácticas totais permaneceu acima de 8,0 log UFC.mL-1durante todo período de armazenamento, atendendo a legislação. Quanto à viabilidade de Bifidobacterium spp, após o 7º dia, todas as linhagens estudadas já se encontravam com contagens inferiores a 6,0 log UFC.mL-1. A bebida apresentou boa estabilidade durante o armazenamento, no entanto, outras variáveis devem ser exploradas a fim de encontrar uma matriz alimentar em que as linhagens probióticas se mantenham viáveis.
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Henríquez, Pastene Barcyette Jeannette. "Cinética de degradación de betalaínas de pulpa de tuna púrpura (Opuntia ficus-indica) y extracto nanofiltrado antes y después de su encapsulación mediante secado por atomización." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117232.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos
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Las betalaínas son pigmentos coloreados que se clasifican en betacianinas (rojo- púrpura) ó betaxantinas (amarillo-anaranjado). La tuna púrpura (Opuntia ficus-indica) es una de las pocas fuentes de estos pigmentos, siendo rica en betacianinas, principalmente betanina, aceptada como colorante rojo por la Unión Europea y EEUU. Se encapsuló pulpa (P) y extracto nanofiltrado (NF) de tuna púrpura por secado por atomización, utilizando K4484 (K) (dextrina de tapioca) y Capsul (C) (almidón modificado hidrofóbicamente de maíz ceroso), como agentes encapsulantes. Se obtuvo altas eficiencias de encapsulación para las betacianinas (>99%) y betaxantinas (>98%) de los sistemas de micropartículas (P-K, P-C, NF-K y NF-C), lo cual se podría atribuir a interacciones por puentes de hidrógeno y/o electroestáticas entre las betalaínas y los polímeros. Se estudió la cinética de degradación de betanina a tres temperaturas de almacenamiento (30°C, 45°C y 60°C) para los sistemas P, NF, P-K, P-C, NF-K y NF-C. Los resultados mostraron que la degradación de betanina en los seis sistemas estudiados siguió una cinética de pseudo-primer orden (R2= 0,83-0,99), siendo la kobs significativamente menor en las micropartículas (P-K, P-C, NF-K y NF-C) respecto a los extractos (P y NF), mostrando el efecto protector de la encapsulación sobre la betanina. Se obtuvo los parámetros cinéticos y termodinámicos a partir de las ecuaciones de Arrhenius y de Eyring. Al comparar el tipo de extracto en las micropartículas, se encontró un efecto diferente entre K y C. En el sistema NF-K (3,4*10-3 días-1; 5,8*10-3 días-1) se observó una constante de degradación de betanina significativamente menor que en el sistema P-K a 45°C y 60°C (5,7*10-3 días-1; 7,1*10-3 días-1), atribuido a la ausencia de mucílagos en el extracto NF. Contrariamente, las kobs en NF-C (9,8*10-3 días-1; 15,0*10-3 días-1; 30,4*10-3 días-1) fueron significativamente mayores que en P-C (3,1*10-3 días-1; 6,4*10-3 días-1; 8,1*10-3 días-1) a 30°C, 45°C y 60°C, atribuido al mayor contenido de azúcares en el extracto NF. Estos resultados sugieren que la presencia de mucílago y azúcares en las micropartículas favorecieron la degradación de la betanina, lo que se atribuye principalmente al mecanismo de hidrólisis del enlace aldimina (N=C), siendo la higroscopicidad un factor crítico en su estabilidad. El gráfico de H≠ vs S≠ mostró una relación lineal, sugiriendo que la degradación de betanina siguió el mismo mecanismo para todos los sistemas de micropartículas estudiados
Betalains are colored pigments classified as betacyanins (red-purple) and betaxanthins (yellow- orange). The purple cactus pear (Opuntia ficus -indica) is one of the few sources of these pigments, being rich in betacyanins mainly betanin and accepted as red dye by the European Union and USA. Pulp (P) and nanofiltered extract (NF) of purple cactus pear were encapsulated by spray drying, using K4484 (tapioca dextrin) and Capsul® (hydrophobically modified waxy maize starch), as encapsulating agents. The microparticles systems (P-K, P-C, NF- K and NF-C) showed high encapsulation efficiencies for betacyanins (> 99 %) and betaxanthins (> 98 %), which could be attributed to hydrogen bond and/or electrostatic interactions between betalains and polymers. Betanin degradation kinetics was studied at three storage temperatures (30, 45 and 60 °C) for P, NF, P-K, P-C, NF-K and NF-C systems. The results showed that the betanin degradation in all the systems studied followed pseudo-first order kinetics (R2 = 0.83-0.99), being kobs significantly lower in the microparticles (P-K, P-C, NF-K and NF-C) in regard to extracts (P and NF), showing the protective effect of betanin encapsulation. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. Different effect between K and C was observed when the type of extract in the microparticles was compared. Betanin degradation rate constant in NF-K (3.4*10-3 day -1, 5.8*10-3 day-1) was significantly lower than P-K system for both 45 and 60 °C (5.7*10-3 day -1, 7.1*10-3 day-1), attributed to the absence of mucilages in the NF extract. Contrary, the kobs for NF-C (9.8*10-3 day-1, 15.0*10-3 day -1, and 30.4*10-3 day- 1) were significantly higher than P-C ( 3.1 day-1*10-3, 6.4*10-3 day-1, 8.1*10-3 day-1) at 30, 45 and 60 °C , attributed to the higher content of sugars in the NF extract. These results suggest that the presence of mucilage and/or sugars in the microparticles increase the betanin degradation. The hydrolysis of the aldimine bond (N = C) is the mainly pathway of betanin degradation in microparticles, being hygroscopicity a critical factor. The H≠ vs S ≠ graph showed a linear relationship, suggesting that the degradation of betanin followed the same mechanism for all systems of microparticles studied
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6

Escalona, Hernández Ivonne Graciela. "Membrane-assisted advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284445.

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El bisfenol A (BPA) i la tartrazina (TAR) pertanyen al grup de compostos que són potencialment nocius per a la recuperació d'aigües residuals. El BPA és un disruptor del sistema hormonal o disruptor endocrí, mentre que la TAR és un colorant azoic. Una diversitat d'indústries, especialment la indústria paperera i tèxtil, produeixen un gran volum d'aigües residuals que estan contaminades amb BPA i colorants. Per tant, els efluents que contenen tant BPA com colorants han de ser gestionats de manera eficient amb la finalitat d'evitar problemes ambientals vinculats a ells. Durant l'última dècada, s’han assajat diversos mètodes per a l'eliminació de BPA i TAR d'aigües residuals, resultant ser eficaços i potencialment aplicables a gran escala. No obstant això, la majoria d'ells encara enfronten problemes de costos, la qual cosa exigeix el seu desenvolupament. La nanofiltració (NF) ofereix una solució adequada per a l'eliminació de BPA i colorants de les solucions aquoses, degut a la seva capacitat per retenir substàncies orgàniques dissoltes. És per això que en aquest treball de tesi, es va utilitzar la NF en flux tangencial mitjançant membranes polimèriques per eliminar BPA i TAR de solucions aquoses. Addicionalment, la degradació de BPA i TAR durant els tractaments per Fenton, ozonación i enzimàtic sota diferents condicions d'operació, en combinació amb la seva posterior NF van ser assajats. Resultats indiquen que tant el BPA com la TAR poden ser eficientment degradats per aquests processos. L'ús d'un sistema integrat membrana-reactor va mostrar el potencial i les limitacions de l'ús dels processos d'oxidació avançada en conjunt amb membranes de NF per a la remoció del BPA i de la TAR. En general elevades eficiències de remoció van ser aconseguides amb les diferents membranes de NF utilitzades.
Bisfenol A (BPA) y tartrazina (TAR) pertenecen al grupo de compuestos que son potencialmente dañinos para la recuperación de aguas residuales. BPA es un perturbador del sistema hormonal o disruptor endocrino, mientras que la TAR es un colorante azo. Variedad de industrias, especialmente la industria papelera y textil producen un gran volumen de aguas residuales que están contaminadas con BPA y colorantes. Por lo tanto, los efluentes que contiene tanto BPA como colorantes, deben ser gestionados de manera eficiente con la finalidad de evitar problemas ambientales vinculados a ellos. Durante la última década, varios métodos para la eliminación de BPA y TAR de aguas residuales han sido probados, resultando ser eficaces y potencialmente aplicables a gran escala. Sin embargo, la mayoría de ellos todavía enfrentan problemas de costes, lo cual exige su desarrollo. La nanofiltración (NF) ofrece una solución adecuada para la eliminación de BPA y colorantes de las soluciones acuosas debido a su capacidad para remover sustancias orgánicas disueltas. Es por ello que en esta tesis, la NF en flujo cruzado usando membranas poliméricas fue utilizada para remover BPA y TAR de soluciones acuosas. Adicionalmente, la degradación de BPA y TAR durante los tratamientos por Fenton, ozonación y enzimático bajo diferentes condiciones de operación, en combinación con su posterior NF fueron ensayados. Resultados indican que tanto el BPA como la TAR pueden ser eficientemente degradados por estos procesos. El uso de un sistema integrado membrana-reactor mostró el potencial y las limitaciones del uso de los procesos de oxidación avanzada en conjunto con membranas de NF para la remoción del BPA y de la TAR. En general elevadas eficiencias de remoción fueron alcanzadas con las diferentes membranas de NF utilizadas.
Bisphenol A (BPA) and tartrazine (TAR) belong to the compounds which are potentially harmful during wastewater reclamation. BPA is a typical Endocrine Disrupting Chemical and TAR is an azo dye. Variety of industry, especially paper and textile industries produces a large volume of wastewater that is polluted with BPA and dyes. Therefore, BPA and dyes-charged effluents need to be efficiently managed in order to avoid environmental problems linked to them. During the last decade, several methods for BPA and TAR removal of wastewater have been found effective and potentially applicable for scaling up. However, most of them still face cost problems, thus demanding further development. It is generally accepted that nanofiltration (NF) offers an adequate solution for the removal of BPA and dyes from the aqueous solutions owing to its capacity to remove dissolved organics. In the present thesis, crossflow NF using thin film composite polymeric membranes were applied to reject BPA and TAR from aqueous solutions. Additionally, the degradation of BPA and TAR during Fenton’s, ozonation and enzymatic processes under different operational conditions, in combination with subsequent NF of low concentration remnant BPA and TAR and compounds derived from oxidation was investigated. Results indicate that BPA and TAR could be degraded efficiently in aqueous phase by Fenton, ozonation and enzymatic processes. The use of a membrane-reactor integrated system for BPA and TAR degradation demonstrated the potential and limitations of using advance oxidation processes, operated in a recycling mode coupled to a NF membrane. In general, high BPA and TAR removal efficiencies for several NF membranes were achieved.
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7

Heidrová, Hana. "Nanofiltrace." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-397297.

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Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Nanofiltration Diploma thesis Candidate: Hana Heidrová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Radim Kučera, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Tomáš Holas, Ph.D. Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane process which is characterized by using semipermeable membranes with approximately 1 nm pores. This method is used abundantly for the separation of substances with low molecular weight. It is used for example in the process of product isolation in pharmaceutical industry. This diploma thesis is focused on the description of the behaviour of three commercially produced nanofiltration membranes and also on testing of their potential use in the production of ergot alkaloids. The theoretical part is focused especially on the description of pressure-driven membrane processes, the use of nanofiltration in various areas and also on current and historical use of ergot alkaloids in therapy and on the description of their properties. The practical part is oriented particularly on examination of effect of various experimental parameters on the retention of selected ergot alkaloids (primarily of lysergic and isolysergic acid). The results are compared and critically analysed. Keywords: pressure-driven...
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