Journal articles: 'Nanoindentation testing'

1

Oila, A., and S. J. Bull. "Nanoindentation testing of gear steels." Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 94, no. 7 (July 2003): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.030793.

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Fischer-Cripps, A. C. "Multiple-frequency dynamic nanoindentation testing." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0368.

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A new method of dynamic nanoindentation testing is introduced in this paper. Conventional dynamic nanoindentation testing involves the superposition of a single frequency sinusoidal force or displacement onto the quasi-static load–displacement curve. However, the viscoelastic response of many materials depends upon the frequency of the deformation of the material. This paper describes a method whereby the storage and loss modulus of viscoelastic solids can be determined using a multi-frequency dynamic oscillatory motion mode of deformation. In this method, the applied load is modulated by a pseudo-random force signal comprising multiple frequencies. A Fourier analysis is then used to deconvolute the signal into frequency-dependent values of storage and loss modulus for the specimen material as a function of frequency. The instrument response is cancelled by the use of a reference transfer function using an equalization process. Established modeling equations can then be used to extract the modulus of elasticity and the viscosity of the specimen material.

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Sudharshan Phani, Pardhasaradhi, and Warren Oliver. "Ultra High Strain Rate Nanoindentation Testing." Materials 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2017): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10060663.

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Tserpes, Konstantinos, Panagiotis Bazios, Spiros Pantelakis, and Nikolaos Michailidis. "Nanoindentation testing and simulation of nanocrystalline materials." Procedia Structural Integrity 28 (2020): 1644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.10.136.

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Kleinbichler, A., M. J. Pfeifenberger, J. Zechner, N. R. Moody, D. F. Bahr, and M. J. Cordill. "New Insights into Nanoindentation-Based Adhesion Testing." JOM 69, no. 11 (August 21, 2017): 2237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2496-2.

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Kraft, Oliver, Norbert Huber, Edouard Tioulioukovski, and Ruth Schwaiger. "OS06W0407 Mechanical testing of materials in small volumes by nanoindentation and microbeam bending." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2003.2 (2003): _OS06W0407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2003.2._os06w0407.

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7

Beake, Ben D., Stephen R. Goodes, and James F. Smith. "Nanoscale materials testing under industrially relevant conditions: high-temperature nanoindentation testing." Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 94, no. 7 (July 2003): 798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.030798.

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Král, Petr, Jiří Dvořák, Marie Kvapilová, Jaroslav Lukeš, and Vaclav Sklenička. "Constant Load Testing of Materials Using Nanoindentation Technique." Key Engineering Materials 606 (March 2014): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.606.69.

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Experiments were conducted to evaluate creep behavior of conventional and ultrafine-grained metallic materials using nanoindentation technique. The polished surface of samples was loaded up to 5 mN. The load was held constant to examine the creep behavior. Nanoindentation tests were performed at room temperature. Strain rate was evaluated from load and displacement data. The stress exponents of strain rates n were determined from loading stress dependences of creep rate. The values of stress exponents of the indentation strain rate indicate that creep behavior of investigated materials is influenced in particular by slip of intragranular dislocations. By contrast, deformation mechanisms like grain boundary sliding and diffusion processes seem to be improbable.

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Kaufman, Jessica D., Gregory J. Miller, Elise F. Morgan, and Catherine M. Klapperich. "Time-dependent mechanical characterization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels using nanoindentation and unconfined compression." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 5 (May 2008): 1472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0185.

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Hydrogels pose unique challenges to nanoindentation including sample preparation, control of experimental parameters, and limitations imposed by mechanical testing instruments and data analysis originally intended for harder materials. The artifacts that occur during nanoindentation of hydrated samples have been described, but the material properties obtained from hydrated nanoindentation have not yet been related to the material properties obtained from macroscale testing. To evaluate the best method for correlating results from microscale and macroscale tests of soft materials, nanoindentation and unconfined compression stress-relaxation tests were performed on poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) hydrogels with a range of cross-linker concentrations. The nanoindentation data were analyzed with the Oliver–Pharr elastic model and the Maxwell–Wiechert (j = 2) viscoelastic model. The unconfined compression data were analyzed with the Maxwell–Wiechert model. This viscoelastic model provided an excellent fit for the stress-relaxation curves from both tests. The time constants from nanoindentation and unconfined compression were significantly different, and we propose that these differences are due to differences in equilibration time between the microscale and macroscale experiments and in sample geometry. The Maxwell–Wiechert equilibrium modulus provided the best agreement between nanoindentation and unconfined compression. Also, both nanoindentation analyses showed an increase in modulus with each increasing cross-linker concentration, validating that nanoindentation can discriminate between similar, low-modulus, hydrated samples.

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Randall, Nicholas X., Matthieu Vandamme, and Franz-Josef Ulm. "Nanoindentation analysis as a two-dimensional tool for mapping the mechanical properties of complex surfaces." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (March 2009): 679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0149.

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Instrumented indentation (referred to as nanoindentation at low loads and low depths) has now become established for the single point characterization of hardness and elastic modulus of both bulk and coated materials. This makes it a good technique for measuring mechanical properties of homogeneous materials. However, many composite materials are composed of material phases that cannot be examined in bulk form ex situ (e.g., carbides in a ferrous matrix, calcium silicate hydrates in cements, etc.). The requirement for in situ analysis and characterization of chemically complex phases obviates conventional mechanical testing of large specimens representative of these material components. This paper will focus on new developments in the way that nanoindentation can be used as a two-dimensional mapping tool for examining the properties of constituent phases independently of each other. This approach relies on large arrays of nanoindentations (known as grid indentation) and statistical analysis of the resulting data.

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Ratchford, J. B., B. A. Crawford, J. Wolfenstine, J. L. Allen, and C. A. Lundgren. "Young's modulus of polycrystalline Li12Si7 using nanoindentation testing." Journal of Power Sources 211 (August 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.02.027.

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Halalay, Ion C., Michael J. Lukitsch, Michael P. Balogh, and Curtis A. Wong. "Nanoindentation testing of separators for lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Power Sources 238 (September 2013): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.036.

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Al-Halhouli, A. T., I. Kampen, T. Krah, and S. Büttgenbach. "Nanoindentation testing of SU-8 photoresist mechanical properties." Microelectronic Engineering 85, no. 5-6 (May 2008): 942–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2008.01.033.

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Zhiltsova, Tatiana, Bernardo Daga, Patricia Frontini, Victor Neto, and Mónica Oliveira. "Mechanical testing of micromolded plastic parts by nanoindentation." Polymer Engineering & Science 58, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.24799.

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Samiee, F., K. Raeissi, and M. A. Golozar. "Nanoindentation testing of pulse electrodeposited thin zirconia coatings." Surface Engineering 29, no. 10 (November 2013): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743294413y.0000000204.

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16

Lofaj, Frantisek, and Dušan Németh. "FEM of Cracking during Nanoindentation and Scratch Testing in the Hard W-C Coating/Steel Substrate System." Key Engineering Materials 784 (October 2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.784.127.

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Finite element modelling (FEM) and eXtended FEM (XFEM) combined with the experimental nanoindentation and scratch tests have been used to simulate the process of cohesive cracking in W-C coating on softer and more ductile steel substrate during nanoindentation and scratch testing. The formation of single and multiple circular “frame” cohesive cracks in the sink-in zone during nanoindentation were explained by the development of high local tensile stresses in the coatings controlled by the plastic deformation of the substrate. Analogous mechanisms were successfully applied to the simulation of multiple Chevron type cracking during scratch testing. Thus, the ability of XFEM to predict the formation of different types of cohesive cracks was confirmed. It was also demonstrated that both nanoindentation and scratch tests in combination with XFEM can be used as the methods to determine the strength and fracture toughness of thin coatings.

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Zhang, Yongang, Yinzhen Wang, Tao Feng, Yongxing Sun, Junzhe Dong, and Wei Gao. "Effect of pores on the micromechanics of plasma-sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr coating in the nanoindentation testing." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440039.

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The elastoplastic properties of plasma-sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr coatings were obtained through the dimension analysis and inverse analysis by combining the experimental nanoindentation tests and numerical modeling. The digital image processing technique was used to extract the pore distribution inside the coatings based on the actual microstructure. Finally, the effect of pore distribution on the coating residual stress during nanoindentation process was analyzed through simulations. The anisotropic pore microstructure shows different mechanical responses and stress propagation behaviors during nanoindentation process. The elastic modulus of the coating demonstrates anisotropy along the spraying direction and the transverse directions due to the presence of pores.

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18

Deuschle, Julia, Susan Enders, and Eduard Arzt. "Surface detection in nanoindentation of soft polymers." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 11 (November 2007): 3107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0394.

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In this work, we performed nanoindentation studies on polymers with different moduli in the range of several millipascals up to several gigapascals. The focus was on the initial contact identification during indentation testing. Surface-detection methods using quasi-static loading as well as methods employing the dynamic forces associated with the continuous stiffness measurement technique were compared regarding their practicability and accuracy for the testing of polymeric materials. For the most compliant material with a modulus of 1 MPa, where contact identification is most critical, we used load-displacement curves obtained from finite element modeling analysis as a reference for the evaluation of experimental techniques. The results show how crucial the precise surface detection is for achieving accurate indentation results, especially for compliant materials. Further, we found that surface detection by means of dynamic testing provides mechanical-property values of higher accuracy for all polymers used in this study. This was due to smaller errors in surface detection, thus avoiding a significant underestimation of the contact area.

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Merle, Benoit, Wesley H. Higgins, and George M. Pharr. "Extending the range of constant strain rate nanoindentation testing." Journal of Materials Research 35, no. 4 (January 20, 2020): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2019.408.

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20

Maxwell, A. S., M. A. Monclus, N. M. Jennett, and G. Dean. "Accelerated testing of creep in polymeric materials using nanoindentation." Polymer Testing 30, no. 4 (June 2011): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.02.002.

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21

Fischer-Cripps, A. C. "Significance of a local temperature rise in nanoindentation testing." Journal of Materials Science 39, no. 18 (September 2004): 5849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsc.0000040100.68809.24.

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22

Hussainova, I., E. Hamed, and I. Jasiuk. "Nanoindentation testing and modeling of chromium-carbide-based composites." Mechanics of Composite Materials 46, no. 6 (January 2011): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11029-011-9180-3.

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23

Valle, Jorge, Marc Anglada, Begoña Ferrari, and Carmen Baudín. "Processing, nanoindentation and scratch testing of alumina-coated YTZP." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 54, no. 4 (July 2015): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bsecv.2015.07.002.

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24

Korneeva, E. A., A. Ibrayeva, A. Janse van Vuuren, L. Kurpaska, M. Clozel, K. Mulewska, N. S. Kirilkin, V. A. Skuratov, J. Neethling, and M. Zdorovets. "Nanoindentation testing of Si3N4 irradiated with swift heavy ions." Journal of Nuclear Materials 555 (November 2021): 153120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153120.

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25

Jeng, Yeau-Ren, and Chung-Ming Tan. "Static Atomistic Simulations of Nanoindentation and Determination of Nanohardness." Journal of Applied Mechanics 72, no. 5 (January 19, 2005): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1988349.

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This paper develops a nonlinear finite element formulation to analyze nanoindentation using an atomistic approach, which is conducive to observing the deformation mechanisms associated with the nanoindentation cycle. The simulation results of the current modified finite element formulation indicate that the microscopic plastic deformations of the thin film are caused by instabilities of the crystalline structure, and that the commonly used procedure for estimating the contact area in nanoindentation testing is invalid when the indentation size falls in the nanometer regime.

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Buffinton, Christine Miller, Kelly J. Tong, Roberta A. Blaho, Elise M. Buffinton, and Donna M. Ebenstein. "Comparison of mechanical testing methods for biomaterials: Pipette aspiration, nanoindentation, and macroscale testing." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 51 (November 2015): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.07.022.

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Javaid, Farhan, Habib Pouriayevali, and Karsten Durst. "Dislocation–grain boundary interactions: recent advances on the underlying mechanisms studied via nanoindentation testing." Journal of Materials Research 36, no. 12 (January 19, 2021): 2545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43578-020-00096-z.

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Abstract To comprehend the mechanical behavior of a polycrystalline material, an in-depth analysis of individual grain boundary (GB) and dislocation interactions is of prime importance. In the past decade, nanoindentation emerged as a powerful tool to study the local mechanical response in the vicinity of the GB. The improved instrumentation and test protocols allow to capture various GB–dislocation interactions during the nanoindentation in the form of strain bursts on the load–displacement curve. Moreover, the interaction of the plastic zone with the GB provides important insight into the dislocation transmission effects of distinct grain boundaries. Of great importance for the analysis and interpretation of the observed effects are microstructural investigations and computational approaches. This review paper focused on recent advances in the dislocation–GB interactions and underlying mechanisms studied via nanoindentation, which includes GB pop-in phenomenon, localized grain movement under ambient conditions, and an analysis of the slip transfer mechanism using theoretical treatments and simulations. Graphical abstract

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Buchko, Christopher J., Margaret J. Slattery, Kenneth M. Kozloff, and David C. Martin. "Mechanical properties of biocompatible protein polymer thin films." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 1 (January 2000): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0038.

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A silklike protein with fibronectin functionality (SLPF) (ProNectin F®, Protein Polymer Technologies, Inc.) is a genetically engineered protein polymer containing structural and biofunctional segments. The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of electrostatically deposited SLPF thin films were examined by scratch testing, tensile testing, and nanoindentation. Scanning electron microscopy and scanned probe microscopy revealed that the macroscopic properties were a sensitive function of microstructure. The SLPF films were relatively brittle in tension, with typical elongation-to-break values of 3%. Nanoindentation data were fit to a power law relationship.

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Nohava, J., N. X. Randall, and N. Conté. "Novel ultra nanoindentation method with extremely low thermal drift: Principle and experimental results." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (March 2009): 873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0114.

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Despite active development over the past 15 years, contemporary nanoindentation methods still suffer serious drawbacks, particularly long thermal stabilization and thermal drift, which limit the duration of the measurements to only a short period of time. The presented work introduces a novel ultra nanoindentation method that uses loads from the μN range up to 50 mN, is capable of performing long-term stable measurements, and has negligible frame compliance. The method is based on a novel patented design, which uses an active top referencing system. Several materials were used to demonstrate the performance of the method. The measurements with hold at maximum load confirm extremely low levels of instrument thermal drift. The presented Ultra Nanoindentation Tester opens new possibilities for testing thin films and long-term testing, including creep of polymers at high resolution without the need of long thermal stabilization.

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Kokot, G., K. Skalski, A. Makuch, and W. Ogierman. "Digital Image Correlation and nanoindentation in evaluation of material parameters of cancellous bone microstructure." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 83 (January 2, 2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7536.

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Purpose: Purpose of this paper is to present the possibilities of the application of the two methods: Digital Image Correlation and nanoindentation in porous bone tissues testing. Firstly, as a tool in the evaluation process of material parameters for porous microstructures, such as bone tissues or other foams and, secondly, as validation and verification tools for finite element analysis of bone or foams structures. Those methods are helpful when the high accuracy of the mechanical parameters of porous microstructures is required.Design/methodology/approach: Two methods: Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and nanoindentation are used as an efficient approach in the evaluation process of material parameters or constitutive relationship of porous structures like bone tissues. Digital image correlation enlarges the accuracy of classical mechanical tests and the nanoindentation allows to look inside the microstructure.Findings: The proposed methods were found to be effective in experimental testing and material parameters evaluation process of some special materials. Among them are porous structures, such as bone tissue. Additionally, the DIC is an excellent tool for finite element model validation and results verification.Practical implications: The presented method based on the combination of the Digital Image Correlation and nanoindentation presents new possibilities in material testing fields, material behavior and parameters evaluation. They have great advantages, among others, in the field of testing of porous bone structure or determining the mechanical parameters of bone tissue.Originality/value: The paper presents methods for testing the complicated porous bone structures: evaluating mechanical behavior of the whole structure and evaluating mechanical properties of the single element of the structure. The mechanical parameters of human cancellous bone structures are presented as the preliminary research results.

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Wang, H. X., Jing He Wang, and Shen Dong. "Nanoindentation Size Effect of KDP Crystal by Instrumented Indentation Testing." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.188.

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Indentation tests and single-point scratch tests are probably the simplest methods of measuring the elastic, plastic and fracture behavior of brittle materials. In this paper, the nearsurface mechanical properties of KDP single crystal have been investigated including the elasticity like Young’s modulus E, and the plasticity like the hardness H. These material properties can be used to predict the material responses in optical manufacturing operations. Hardness and elastic modulus on different crystal plane of KDP single crystal have been examined under different loads by nanoindentation test, and the influence of the indentation load on hardness and elastic modulus have been also analyzed systematically. The results show the nanoindentation size effect, that is, the hardness and elastic modulus increase as the indentation load decreases. The hardness and elastic modulus have strong anisotropy in the different crystallographic orientation of the same crystal plane.

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Du, Binyang, Mark R. VanLandingham, Qingling Zhang, and Tianbai He. "Direct measurement of plowing friction and wear of a polymer thin film using the atomic force microscope." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 5 (May 2001): 1487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0207.

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Nanometer-scale plowing friction and wear of a polycarbonate thin film were directly measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with nanoscratching capabilities. During the nanoscratch tests, lateral forces caused discrepancies between the maximum forces for the initial loading prior to the scratch and the unloading after the scratch. In the case of a nanoscratch test performed parallel to the cantilever probe axis, the plowing friction added another component to the moment acting at the cantilevered end compared to the case of nanoindentation, resulting in an increased deflection of the cantilever. Using free-body diagrams for the cases of nanoindentation and nanoscratch testing, the AFM force curves were analyzed to determine the plowing friction during nanoscratch testing. From the results of this analysis, the plowing friction was found to be proportional to the applied contact force, and the coefficient of plowing friction was measured to be 0.56 ± 0.02. Also, by the combination of nanoscratch and nanoindentation testing, the energetic wear rate of the polycarbonate thin film was measured to be 0.94 ± 0.05 mm3/(N m).

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Schweitzer, E. W., and M. Göken. "In situ bulge testing in an atomic force microscope: Microdeformation experiments of thin film membranes." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 10 (October 2007): 2902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0373.

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A new bulge testing setup for the measurement of the mechanical properties of thin films is presented. This self-built device can be incorporated in an atomic force microscope (AFM), which allows the recording of topographic images of the observed sample membranes under load conditions. Bulge test experiments on different silicon nitride films are presented and compared to nanoindentation experiments. The measured elastic moduli from nanoindentation and bulge testing are in good agreement. Apart from that, the ability to extract stress–strain data from AFM scans is shown, and the results are compared to standard bulge testing experiments. Imaging of the sample microstructure under load conditions is demonstrated on a thin Cu film.

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Sousa, Bryer C., Matthew A. Gleason, Baillie Haddad, Victor K. Champagne, Aaron T. Nardi, and Danielle L. Cote. "Nanomechanical Characterization for Cold Spray: From Feedstock to Consolidated Material Properties." Metals 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091195.

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Cold gas-dynamic spray is a solid-state materials consolidation technology that has experienced successful adoption within the coatings, remanufacturing and repair sectors of the advanced manufacturing community. As of late, cold spray has also emerged as a high deposition rate metal additive manufacturing method for structural and nonstructural applications. As cold spray enjoys wider recognition and adoption, the demand for versatile, high-throughput and significant methods of particulate feedstock as well consolidated materials characterization has also become more notable. In order to address the interest for such an instrument, nanoindentation is presented herein as a viable means of achieving the desired mechanical characterization abilities. In this work, conventionally static nanoindentation testing using both Berkovich and spherical indenter tips, as well as nanoindentation using the continuous stiffness measurement mode of testing, will be applied to a range of powder-based feedstocks and cold sprayed materials.

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Gupta, Shikha, Fernando Carrillo, Medhi Balooch, Lisa Pruitt, and Christian Puttlitz. "Simulated Soft Tissue Nanoindentation: A Finite Element Study." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1979–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0247.

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To address the growing interest in nanoindentation for biomaterials, the following finite element study investigated the influence of indentation testing protocol and substrate geometry on quasi-static and dynamic load-displacement behavior of linear viscoelastic materials. For a standard linear solid, the conventional quasi-static indentation modulus, EQS, fell between the instantaneous and equilibrium modulus of the model. EQS approached the equilibrium modulus only for indentation unloading times 1000 times greater than the characteristic relaxation time of the model. It was nearly insensitive to other changes in the indentation testing protocol, such as tip radius and penetration depth, exhibiting variations of only 5–10%. Dynamic nanoindentation provided a quantitatively accurate assessment of the complex dynamic modulus (within ±12%) for a range material of parameters at physiologically relevant testing parameters. Both quasi-static and dynamic moduli calculated from the irregular surfaces varied with the size and shape of the irregularities but were still within 10% of the smooth surface values for penetration depths larger than the dimensions of the surface irregularities.

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Oliver, Warren C., and George M. Pharr. "Nanoindentation in materials research: Past, present, and future." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 11 (November 2010): 897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.717.

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The method we introduced in 1992 for measuring hardness and elastic modulus by nanoindentation testing has been widely adopted and used in the characterization of mechanical behavior at small scales. Since its original development, the method has undergone numerous refinements and changes brought about by improvements to testing equipment and techniques, as well as advances in our understanding of the mechanics of elastic-plastic contact. In this article, we briefly review the history of the method, comment on its capabilities and limitations, and discuss some of the emerging areas in materials research where it has played, or promises to play, an important role.

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Chow, PengLoy, and Salim Barbhuiya. "Effective Surface Preparation Technique for Cementitious Samples in Nanoindentation Testing." Advances in Civil Engineering Materials 6, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 20160027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/acem20160027.

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Beake, Ben D., and James F. Smith. "High-temperature nanoindentation testing of fused silica and other materials." Philosophical Magazine A 82, no. 10 (July 2002): 2179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418610208235727.

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Dwivedi, Neeraj, and Sushil Kumar. "Nanoindentation testing on copper/diamond-like carbon bi-layer films." Current Applied Physics 12, no. 1 (January 2012): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2011.06.013.

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Liu, Qiang, Ying Xue Yao, and L. Zhou. "Research on a New Nanohardness Test Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.533.

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Nanoindentation has become the main method to obtain the micro- characteristic of materials by now. Nanoindentation device has the ability to make the load-displacement measurement with sub-nanometer indentation depth sensitivity, and the nanohardness of the material can be achieved by the load-displacement curve. The article discusses a new convenient nanohardness testing device, and approves its practicability and reliability by taking the indentation experiment on single-crystal aluminum.

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Minor, A. M., E. T. Lilleodden, E. A. Stach, and J. W. Morris. "Direct observations of incipient plasticity during nanoindentation of Al." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 1 (January 2004): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.176.

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The mechanical testing technique for in situ nanoindentation in a transmission electron microscope is described and is shown to provide real-time observations of the mechanisms of plastic deformation that occur during nanoindentation. Here, the importance of this technique was demonstrated on an aluminum thin film deposited on a single-crystalline silicon substrate. Significant results include direct observation of dislocation nucleation, characterization of the dislocation distribution created by indentation, and the observation of indentation-induced grain boundary motion. The observations achieved by this technique provide unique insight into mechanical behavior studied with conventional instrumented nanoindentation techniques and also provide microstructural-level understanding of the mechanics of ultrasmall volumes.

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Desmarest, S. Godard, C. Johnston, and P. S. Grant. "Determination of the Creep Properties of Pb-free Solders for Harsh Environments Using Meso-scale Testing." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, HITEC (January 1, 2012): 000117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-2012-tp23.

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Solder joints in electronic packages are prone to failure due to the evolution of thermal expansion mismatch strains during thermal cycling. The comparatively wide operating temperature range and long lifetimes of aerospace electronics require high reliability solder joints. Since 2006, high reliability industries (aerospace and military amongst others) that are exempt from lead-free RoHS regulation on account of concerns over the reliability of Pb-free solders have found it increasingly difficult and expensive to continue using traditional Sn-Pb-based solders. Hence there is a pressing need to find a suitable alternative that can match the manufacturing and reliability performance of Sn-Pb. There remains a dearth of data for the constitutive behaviour of Pb-free solders under harsh environment scenarios. Unfortunately, conventional test approaches, particularly in the case of creep behaviour which is critical to solder lifetimes, are expensive and time-consuming. High temperature nanoindentation has been recently developed as a quick method for the determination of creep properties of solder alloys. This paper compares and contrasts nanoindentation creep results for bulk Pb-Sn and lead-free solders. However, there are limits to nanoindentation creep, in particular the load-dependence of the technique. A new meso-scale test approach that lies between nanoindentation and bulk creep testing has been developed. Real ball grid arrays using Pb-free solders have been creep tested in the temperature and stress ranges of operating solder joints. High temperature creep constitutive data has been obtained. The technique offers promising time and materials savings in obtaining important mechanical property data for subsequent use in life-prediction models.

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Lee, Seung-Hwan, Siqun Wang, George M. Pharr, Matthew Kant, and Dayakar Penumadu. "Mechanical properties and creep behavior of lyocell fibers by nanoindentation and nano-tensile testing." Holzforschung 61, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.062.

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Abstract Mechanical and time-dependent mechanical properties of lyocell fibers have been investigated as a function of depth at a nano-scale level in longitudinal and transverse directions. The nanoindentation technique was applied and extended to continuous stiffness measurement. Lyo10 and Lyo13 lyocell fibers were investigated. The individual fiber properties were measured using a nano-tensile testing system to obtain reference data for mechanical properties. The hardness and elastic modulus obtained from nanoindentation test are described using two different approaches. The first uses mean values for a depth of 150–300 nm, while the second uses unloading values at the final indentation depth. There is no significant difference between modulus values inferred from nanoindentation and those obtained from single fiber tensile testing. Hardness and elastic modulus values were higher in the longitudinal direction than those in the transverse direction and Lyo13 values were higher than those for Lyo10 in both directions. The time-dependent mechanical properties were also investigated as a function of the holding time. Increasing the holding time led to an increase in indentation displacement and a decrease in hardness. Stress exponents were calculated from the linear relationship between contact stress and contact strain using a power-law creep equation.

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Meng, Zhao Qiang, and Dan Yu Jiang. "Measuring Mechanical Properties of Zirconia Dental Crowns by Nanoindentation." Key Engineering Materials 591 (November 2013): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.591.150.

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Mechanical properties of dental materials are increasingly studied via nanoindentation testing. Due to the excellent mechanical properties, 3-mol%-Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia (3Y-TZP) has become an attractive high-toughness core material for fixed dental restorations. In this paper, the mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP were studied by nanoindentation. The continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) and the single load/unload cycle test controlled by displacement and load respectively were performed with a Berkovich indenter.

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Pharr, G. M., and W. C. Oliver. "Measurement of Thin Film Mechanical Properties Using Nanoindentation." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 7 (July 1992): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400041634.

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One of the simplest ways to measure the mechanical properties of a thin film is to deform it on a very small scale. Because indentation testing with a sharp indenter is one convenient means to accomplish this, nanoindentation, or indentation testing at the nanometer scale, has become one of the most widely used techniques for measuring the mechanical properties of thin films. Other reasons for the popularity of nanoindentation stem from the ease with which a wide variety of mechanical properties can be measured without removing the film from its substrate and the ability to probe a surface at numerous points and spatially map its mechanical properties. The utility of the mapping capability is illustrated in Figure 1, which shows several small indentations made at selected points in a microelectronic device. The hardness and modulus of the device were determined at each point. In addition to microelectronics, nanoindentation has also proved useful in the study of optical coatings, hard coatings, and materials with surfaces modified by ion implantation and laser treatment.

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Carrillo, Fernando, Shikha Gupta, Mehdi Balooch, Sally J. Marshall, Grayson W. Marshall, Lisa Pruitt, and Christian M. Puttlitz. "Nanoindentation of polydimethylsiloxane elastomers: Effect of crosslinking, work of adhesion, and fluid environment on elastic modulus." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 10 (October 2005): 2820–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0354.

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With the potential to map mechanical properties of heterogeneous materials on a micrometer scale, there is growing interest in nanoindentation as a materials characterization technique. However, nanoindentation has been developed primarily for characterization of hard, elasto-plastic materials, and the technique has not been validated for very soft materials with moduli less than 5 MPa. The current study attempted to use nanoindentation to characterize the elastic moduli of soft, elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples (with different degrees of crosslinking) and determine the effects of adhesion on these measurements using adhesion contact mechanics models. Results indicate that nanoindentation was able to differentiate between elastic moduli on the order of hundreds of kilo-Pascals. Moreover, calculations using the classical Hertz contact model for dry and aqueous environment gave higher elastic modulus values when compared to those obtained from unconfined compression testing. These data seem to suggest that consideration of the adhesion energy at the tip-sample interface is a significantly important parameter and needs to be taken into account for consistent elastic modulus determination of soft materials by nanoindentation.

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Sun, Ji Yu, Yue Ming Wang, Dong Hui Chen, Jin Tong, and Chun Xiang Pan. "Differential Constitutive Equation of Elytra Cuticle by Nanoindentation." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 1133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.1133.

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Due to size limits in the transverse direction, tensile testing is not appropriate to investigate the mechanical properties of elytra cuticle of the dung beetle (Copris ochus Motschulsky). However, nanoindentation testing can determine a material’s anisotropic properties through a single indentation. In the present study, nanoindentation stress–strain curves were used to characterize the complete mechanical behavior of dung beetle elytra cuticle. A differential constitutive equation has been developed with time-dependent spring constants k and viscosities η . To describe the complex viscoelastic behavior of dung beetle cuticle, a descriptive representation of the linear viscoelasticity law for the multilayer matrix has been formulated. A qualitative model for the relationship between cuticle structure and mechanical properties of elytra may help develop bionic composite materials for micro-aircraft, bionic tribology, bionic medical apparatus, and bionic organs (tissue engineering).

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Bourcier, R. J., D. M. Follstaedt, M. T. Dugger, and S. M. Myers. "Mechanical characterization of several ion-implanted alloys: nanoindentation testing, wear testing and finite element modeling." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 59-60 (July 1991): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(91)95730-2.

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Arfsten, J., C. Bradtmöller, I. Kampen, and A. Kwade. "Compressive testing of single yeast cells in liquid environment using a nanoindentation system." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 12 (December 2008): 3153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0383.

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Due to their versatility and accuracy, nanoindentation systems are increasingly used for the characterization of micron-sized particles. Single microbial cells (e.g., yeast cells) can be regarded as micron-sized, liquid-filled biological particles. Applying a nanoindentation system for the compressive testing of those cells offers many options, such as testing in liquid environment. However, diverse experimental problems have to be resolved, especially the visualization of the cells in liquid and the alignment of the surfaces between which the cell is compressed. Single yeast cells were tested using a nanoindenter equipped with a flat punch tip. The deformation behavior of the cells during loading as well as the shape recovery behavior during unloading was investigated. A bursting force was determined as the cell wall was failing at higher deformations. Moreover, the influence of the compression speed on the cell mechanical behavior was characterized.

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Chen, Ling, Qirui Du, Miao Yu, Xin Guo, and Wu Zhao. "Measuring the effect of residual stress on the machined subsurface of Inconel 718 by nanoindentation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): e0245391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245391.

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Inconel 718 alloy is widely used in aero-engines and high-temperature environments. However, residual stress caused by processing and molding leads to an uneven distribution of internal pressure, which reduces the reliability of service process. Therefore, numerical simulation of the nanoindentation process was applied to evaluate the effect of residual stress on the machined subsurface of Inconel 718. A gradient material model of Inconel 718 was established in ABAQUS finite element software. Mechanical properties based on nanoindentation testing showed an influence of residual stress in combination with indenter geometry. The orthogonal experimental results show that under diverse residual stress states, the indenter’s geometry can affect the pile-up of the material surface after nanoindentation and significantly influence the test results. With increases in piling-up, the error caused by residual stress on the characterization of the mechanical properties of the hardened layer increases. Through the establishment of a numerical model, the influence of residual stress can be predicted within nanoindentation depths of 300 nm.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoindentation testing'

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