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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanomaterials'
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1
S, Lakshmana Prabu. "Toxicity Interactions of Nanomaterials in Biological System: A Pressing Priority." Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal 6, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/beba-16000173.
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Nanomaterials have made a rebellion in biomedical application especially treating several diseases due to its distinctive compositions. However, increased utilization of nanomaterials in biomedical applications has made an initiative to understand the possible interaction between the nanomaterials with the biological systems. These tiny particles enter into the body very easily and affect vulnerable systems which raise the interrogation of their potential effects on the susceptible organs. It is very crucial to comprehend the various exposure pathways, their movement, behavior and ultimate outcome. Specific and unique physicochemical properties, such as particle size and distribution, surface area, charge and coatings, particle shape/ structure, dissolution and aggregation, influence the nanomaterial interactions with cells. Toxicities in biological systems occurs as a result of a result of a variety of reasons including the production of ROS reactive oxygen species, degradation of the integrity of membrane and release of toxic metal ions thus preventing normal cell function. Various researchers have provided promising evidence that nanomaterial’s actively encompass and mediate chemical processes of cell, in addition to their passive interactions with cells. Certainly, it is very much essential to understand the possible toxic interactions of nanomaterial’s with the biological system as Nano toxicology. In this review, we emphasize the toxicological effects on different organs pertaining to nanomaterial-biological system interaction
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Wang, Jiali, Guo Zhao, Liya Feng, and Shaowen Chen. "Metallic Nanomaterials with Biomedical Applications." Metals 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12122133.
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Metallic nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention in various fields due to their photocatalytic, photosensitive, thermal conducting, electrical conducting and semiconducting properties. Among all these fields, metallic nanomaterials are of particular importance in biomedical sensing for the detection of different analytes, such as proteins, toxins, metal ions, nucleotides, anions and saccharides. However, many problems remain to be solved, such as the synthesis method and modification of target metallic nanoparticles, inadequate sensitivity and stability in biomedical sensing and the biological toxicity brought by metallic nanomaterials. Thus, this Special Issue aims to collect research or review articles focused on electrochemical biosensing, such as metallic nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors, metallic oxide-modified electrodes, biological sensing based on metallic nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterial-based biological sensing devices and chemometrics for metallic nanomaterial-based biological sensing. Meanwhile, studies related to the synthesis and characterization of metallic nanomaterials are also welcome, and both experimental and theoretical studies are welcome for contribution as well.
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Gulumian, Mary, and Charlene Andraos. "In Search of a Converging Cellular Mechanism in Nanotoxicology and Nanomedicine in the Treatment of Cancer." Toxicologic Pathology 46, no. 1 (October 15, 2017): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623317735776.
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Multiple applications of nanomaterials have raised concern with regard to their toxicity. With increasing research into nanomaterial safety, mechanisms involved in the toxic effects of nanomaterials have begun to emerge. The importance of nanomaterial-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization through overloading or direct damage of the lysosomal compartment, resulting in the blockade of autophagosome–lysosome fusion and autophagy dysfunction, as well as inflammasome activation were cited as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. It has recently been proposed that these very mechanisms leading to nanomaterial toxicity may be utilized in nanotherapeutics. This review discusses these nanomaterial-induced mechanisms in detail and how it has been exploited in cancer research. This review also addresses certain considerations that need to be kept in mind when using nanomaterials in therapeutics.
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Kumar, Santosh, Zhi Wang, Wen Zhang, Xuecheng Liu, Muyang Li, Guoru Li, Bingyuan Zhang, and Ragini Singh. "Optically Active Nanomaterials and Its Biosensing Applications—A Review." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010085.
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This article discusses optically active nanomaterials and their optical biosensing applications. In addition to enhancing their sensitivity, these nanomaterials also increase their biocompatibility. For this reason, nanomaterials, particularly those based on their chemical compositions, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic-based nanomaterials, organic-based nanomaterials, and composite-based nanomaterials for biosensing applications are investigated thoroughly. These nanomaterials are used extensively in the field of fiber optic biosensing to improve response time, detection limit, and nature of specificity. Consequently, this article describes contemporary and application-based research that will be of great use to researchers in the nanomaterial-based optical sensing field. The difficulties encountered during the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials are also enumerated, and their future prospects are outlined for the reader’s benefit.
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Parvin, Nargish, Sang Woo Joo, and Tapas K. Mandal. "Nanomaterial-Based Strategies to Combat Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms and Applications." Antibiotics 14, no. 2 (February 18, 2025): 207. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14020207.
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The rapid rise of antibiotic resistance has become a global health crisis, necessitating the development of innovative strategies to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Nanomaterials have emerged as promising tools in this fight, offering unique physicochemical properties that enhance antibiotic efficacy, overcome resistance mechanisms, and provide alternative therapeutic approaches. This review explores the diverse nanomaterial-based strategies used to combat antibiotic resistance, focusing on their mechanisms of action and practical applications. Nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and polymeric nanostructures exhibit antibacterial properties through various pathways, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of bacterial membranes, and enhancement of antibiotic delivery. Additionally, the ability of nanomaterials to bypass traditional resistance mechanisms, such as biofilm formation and efflux pumps, has been demonstrated in numerous studies. This review also discusses the synergistic effects observed when nanomaterials are combined with conventional antibiotics, leading to increased bacterial susceptibility and reduced required dosages. By highlighting the recent advancements and clinical applications of nanomaterial–antibiotic combinations, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of how nanomaterials are reshaping the future of antibacterial therapies. Future research directions and challenges, including toxicity and scalability, are also addressed to guide the development of safer, more effective nanomaterial-based antibacterial treatments.
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Ifeoluwa Sarah Fesojaye, Favour Dada, and Florence Acha. "Innovative applications of nanomaterials in semiconductor manufacturing: Advancing efficiency and performance for next-generation technologies." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 2048–70. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2446.
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There has been a complete alternation in how the creation of semiconductor systems is philosophically, architecturally, and physically conceived with the advent of nanomaterials. These materials, by containing the dimensions in the range between 1 and 100 nanometers, have brought many revolutionary opportunities in developing improved semiconductor characteristics and performance. Micro and nano electronics have played a pivotal role in introducing new methodologies in transistor technology, chip layout and manufacturing methods, enlargement in speed, consuming power, and miniaturization of electronic devices. This has become important especially as conventional silicon-based semiconductor technology is looming towards physical barriers of microfabrication where new approaches are being sought to satisfy the increasing requirements of future generation computing, communication, and electronic applications. The research employed a comprehensive literature review of scientific, academic, technical, and industrial articles regarding nanomaterials in use in semiconductor production. The subject matter incorporated data derived from numerous experimental investigations, industrial applications, and theoretical embodiment analyses of divergent forms of nanomaterials, their characteristics, and synthesis methods. The due review concerned the examination of the results of research pertaining to carbon nanotubes in semiconductor applications as well as graphene, quantum dots, and metallic nanoparticles. The assessment comprised manufacturing processes, relative performance measures, and comparisons of various nanomaterial applications and their effect on the efficiency and functionality of semiconductor devices. The findings confirm that nanomaterial integration results in the enhancement of semiconductor performance by large. Scientific research show that new achieved nanomaterials allow to amplify processing rate by 40% and reduce electrical power consumption by 35%. The application of two-dimensional materials such as graphene has demonstrated a 60% improvement in electron mobility over silicon-semiconductor references. Some of the quantum dot applications are now realizing at least 45 % of opto-electrical efficiency in the devices. New methods of nanofabrication production have led to decreased cost of manufacturing by thirty percent whereby the accuracy and reliability of devices being manufactured were improved. The research from outcomes demonstrates how nanomaterials could revolutionize current trends in semiconductor manufacturing. These improvements in the performance of the devices, energy consumption and in manufacturing prove the feasibility of applications of nanomaterials for future generation semiconductor devices. The major issues that were mentioned, such as scalability integration and process control, must be discussed further and researched in detail. The implications of this study point to the prospect for nanomaterials to make further improvements that can provide advanced marginal improvements to semiconductor technology depending on future breakthroughs in application, presumably reshaping the capabilities and production methods of electronic devices. This review provides comprehensive review to lay the foundation on how nanomaterials contribute towards improvement of the Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology. The lessons learned on improved small device performance, reducing power consumption, and refining manufacturing methods support the nanomaterial’s imperative in semiconductor production. This view shows that despite a number of barriers to scale and implementation, the risks associated with the opportunities are much higher. The present research confirms the necessity of investment opportunities and further studies in nanomaterial uses for semiconductor manufacturing and heads toward a better future with Nanomaterial-based solutions to satisfy the requirements of higher performance and multifunctional electronic devices.
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Su, Paul, Babak Haghpanah, William W. Doerr, Zahra Karimi, Syed Hassan, Louis Gritzo, Ahmed A. Busnaina, and Ashkan Vaziri. "Decontamination of Surfaces Exposed to Carbon-Based Nanotubes and Nanomaterials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/249603.
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Contamination of surfaces by nanomaterials can happen due to accidental spillage and release or gradual accumulation during processing or handling. Considering the increasingly wide use of nanomaterials in industry and research labs and also taking into account the diversity of physical and chemical properties of different nanomaterials (such as solubility, aggregation/agglomeration, and surface reactivity), there is a pressing need to define reliable nanomaterial-specific decontamination guidelines. In this paper, we propose and investigate a potential method for surface decontamination of carbon-based nanomaterials using solvent cleaning and wipes. The results show that the removal efficiency for single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes from silicon wafers sprayed with water-surfactant solutions prior to mechanical wiping is greater than 90% and 95%, respectively. The need for further studies to understand the mechanisms of nanomaterial removal from surfaces and development of standard techniques for surface decontamination of nanomaterials is highlighted.
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Qu, Juntian, and Xinyu Liu. "Recent Advances on SEM-Based In Situ Multiphysical Characterization of Nanomaterials." Scanning 2021 (June 9, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4426254.
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Functional nanomaterials possess exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties which have significantly benefited their diverse applications to a variety of scientific and engineering problems. In order to fully understand their characteristics and further guide their synthesis and device application, the multiphysical properties of these nanomaterials need to be characterized accurately and efficiently. Among various experimental tools for nanomaterial characterization, scanning electron microscopy- (SEM-) based platforms provide merits of high imaging resolution, accuracy and stability, well-controlled testing conditions, and the compatibility with other high-resolution material characterization techniques (e.g., atomic force microscopy), thus, various SEM-enabled techniques have been well developed for characterizing the multiphysical properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize existing SEM-based platforms for nanomaterial multiphysical (mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical) in situ characterization, outline critical experimental challenges for nanomaterial optical characterization in SEM, and discuss potential demands of the SEM-based platforms to characterizing multiphysical properties of the nanomaterials.
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Card, Jeffrey W., and Bernadene A. Magnuson. "A Method to Assess the Quality of Studies That Examine the Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials." International Journal of Toxicology 29, no. 4 (July 2010): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581810370720.
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As reports on the safety of various nanomaterials have yielded conflicting results, assessment of the reliability of each study is required to objectively interpret overall safety of the nanomaterial. A 2-step method to assess the quality of nanotoxicity studies is described. The first step uses a publicly available tool to rank the reliability of the study based on adequacy of design and documentation of methods, materials, and results, providing a “study score.” The second step determines the completeness of physicochemical characterization of the nanomaterial/nanomaterials assessed within the study, providing a “nanomaterial score.” This approach is encouraged to promote the notion that for studies conducted with nanomaterials, the combination of a reliable study and sufficient nanomaterial characterization is of significantly greater value than either of these alone. It is anticipated that the use and evolution of this approach will assist with the design and interpretation of studies assessing nanomaterial toxicity.
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Yang, Zhanming. "Research of Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 102 (July 11, 2024): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/zzx7dz78.
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With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the application of nanomaterials in the field of biosensors is becoming increasingly widespread. Nanobiosensors are widely used due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, small size, and low cost, finding applications in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, biotechnology, and industrial automation, among others. This paper primarily discusses the research progress of biosensors based on nanomaterials and their applications in biological detection and medical diagnosis. It introduces the working principles of nanomaterial-based biosensors, provides practical application cases of nanomaterial biosensors in various fields, such as protein detection, DNA detection and pathogen detection. And this paper also looks forward to the prospects, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, of nanomaterial-based biosensors. With the deepening of nanomaterial research and the continuous innovation of technology, biosensors based on nanomaterials are expected to play an increasingly important role in biological detection, medical diagnosis, and biomedical research. Simultaneously, they also hold the potential for widespread application in clinical diagnosis, biosecurity, and environmental protection.
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Babuska, Vaclav, Phanindra Babu Kasi, Petra Chocholata, Lucie Wiesnerova, Jana Dvorakova, Radana Vrzakova, Anna Nekleionova, Lukas Landsmann, and Vlastimil Kulda. "Nanomaterials in Bone Regeneration." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 6793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136793.
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Nanomaterials are promising in the development of innovative therapeutic options that include tissue and organ replacement, as well as bone repair and regeneration. The expansion of new nanoscaled biomaterials is based on progress in the field of nanotechnologies, material sciences, and biomedicine. In recent decades, nanomaterial systems have bridged the line between the synthetic and natural worlds, leading to the emergence of a new science called nanomaterial design for biological applications. Nanomaterials replicating bone properties and providing unique functions help in bone tissue engineering. This review article is focused on nanomaterials utilized in or being explored for the purpose of bone repair and regeneration. After a brief overview of bone biology, including a description of bone cells, matrix, and development, nanostructured materials and different types of nanoparticles are discussed in detail.
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Hasan, Nazim, Manikandan Muthu, Othman Hakami, and Judy Gopal. "Assessing the Sustainability of Energy-Related Nanomaterial Synthesis: Emphasizing the Need for Energy-Efficient Nanomaterial Preparation Techniques." Energies 18, no. 3 (January 23, 2025): 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030523.
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Sustainable energy has always been the top-priority research discussion, and nanomaterials in energy applications have facilitated the achievement of this goal. For the first time, this review highlights the subtle, overlooked, unaccounted expenditure of energy going into nanomaterial synthesis. In the present article, we give a brief overview of the various nanomaterials used in energy applications and present their general synthesis methods. The lack of data/information on the energy expended on nanomaterial synthesis has been critically pointed out. The alternative, energy-saving, energy-efficient methods, considering sustainability even at the nanomaterial synthesis level, have been put forth as recommendations. This article aims at creating an awareness towards planning of holistic sustainable energy-efficient nanomaterial synthesis processes that will conserve energy. The question projected is: what is the purpose of losing energy during synthesis of energy producing and energy storing nanomaterials?
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Chen, Qin-Miao, Fang-Fang Zhou, Hong-Chun Yuan, Jin Chen, Yi Ni, Xi-Fang Zhu, and Xiao-Ming Dou. "The effect of processing on the properties of CuInS2 nanomaterials synthesized by simple hot injection route." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440866.
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Chalcopyrite and wurtzite CuInS2 (CIS) nanomaterials were synthesized from Cu[Formula: see text], In[Formula: see text], thiourea with or without triethanolamine (TEA) by simple hot injection method at low temperature. The effect of synthesis duration on the various properties of the synthesized CIS nanomaterials was studied. It shows that for chalcopyrite CIS, the optimal synthesis duration is 60 min and the synthesized nanomaterial is in spherical shape with diameter of about 90 nm. However, for the wurtzite CIS, the optimal synthesis duration should reach 150 min and the synthesized nanomaterial looks like nanoplate with thicknesses of [Formula: see text]10 nm and diameters near 100 nm. The photovoltaic characteristics of two types of nanomaterials are quite different. This study may contribute to the synthesis of CIS nanomaterials at low temperatures.
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Kim, Jeongho, and Il Je Yu. "National Survey of Workplaces Handling and Manufacturing Nanomaterials, Exposure to and Health Effects of Nanomaterials, and Evaluation of Nanomaterial Safety Data Sheets." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8389129.
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A national survey on workplace environment nanomaterial handling and manufacturing was conducted in 2014. Workplaces relevant to nanomaterials were in the order of TiO2(91), SiO2(88), carbon black (84), Ag (35), Al2O3(35), ZnO (34), Pb (33), and CeO2(31). The survey results indicated that the number of workplaces handling or manufacturing nanomaterials was 340 (0.27% of total 126,846) workplaces. The number of nanomaterials used and products was 546 (1.60 per company) and 583 (1.71 per company), respectively. For most workplaces, the results on exposure to hazardous particulate materials, including nanomaterials, were below current OELs, yet a few workplaces were above the action level. As regards the health status of workers, 9 workers were diagnosed with a suspected respiratory occupational disease, where 7 were recommended for regular follow-up health monitoring. 125 safety data sheets (SDSs) were collected from the nanomaterial-relevant workplaces and evaluated for their completeness and reliability. Only 4 CNT SDSs (3.2%) included the term nanomaterial, while most nanomaterial SDSs were not regularly updated and lacked hazard information. When taken together, the current analysis provides valuable national-level information on the exposure and health status of workers that can guide the next policy steps for nanomaterial management in the workplace.
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Zhu, Lan, Lingling Chen, Jiangjiang Gu, Huixin Ma, and Honghong Wu. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture: Their Application as Light Converters, Nanosensors, and Delivery Tools." Plants 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11040511.
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Nano-enabled agriculture is now receiving increasing attentions. Among the used nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials are good candidates for sustainable agriculture. Previous review papers about the role of carbon-based nanomaterials in agriculture are either focused on one type of carbon-based nanomaterial or lack systematic discussion of the potential wide applications in agriculture. In this review, different types of carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications in light converters, nanosensors, and delivery tools in agriculture are summarized. Possible knowledge gaps are discussed. Overall, this review helps to better understand the role and the potential of carbon-based nanomaterials for nano-enabled agriculture.
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Kapoor, Vicky, and Jasmeen Singh Berwal. "Advanced nanomaterials: Fabrication, characterization and applications." E3S Web of Conferences 511 (2024): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451101003.
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Nanomaterials continue to revolutionize various scientific domains due to their unique properties and versatile applications. This study explores the forefront of nanomaterial research, presenting a comprehensive investigation into fabrication techniques, advanced characterization methodologies, and diverse application possibilities. Embarking on the escalating significance of advanced nanomaterials, this study confronts present challenges and endeavours to bridge gaps in our comprehension, establishing itself at the forefront of this rapidly evolving field. Our study seeks to achieve a twofold objective - advancing the synthesis of nanomaterials with tailored properties and pushing the boundaries of characterization techniques to reveal intricate details at the nanoscale. The Fabrication section introduces innovative methods such as Top-Down Lithography, highlighting their role in achieving precise control over nanomaterial structures. Characterization, a pivotal phase, unfolds with meticulous scrutiny, using advanced technologies and instruments such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), provide precise insights into the properties and structures of nanomaterials. In the Applications section, exploring how advanced nanomaterials make a big impact in areas like electronics and medicine, showcasing their versatility and potential for groundbreaking advancements. In conclusion, the findings not only contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge but also set the stage for future research, guiding the trajectory of nanomaterial exploration towards new horizons in scientific inquiry.
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Kladko, Daniil V., Aleksandra S. Falchevskaya, Nikita S. Serov, and Artur Y. Prilepskii. "Nanomaterial Shape Influence on Cell Behavior." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105266.
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Nanomaterials are proven to affect the biological activity of mammalian and microbial cells profoundly. Despite this fact, only surface chemistry, charge, and area are often linked to these phenomena. Moreover, most attention in this field is directed exclusively at nanomaterial cytotoxicity. At the same time, there is a large body of studies showing the influence of nanomaterials on cellular metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, reprogramming, gene transfer, and many other processes. Furthermore, it has been revealed that in all these cases, the shape of the nanomaterial plays a crucial role. In this paper, the mechanisms of nanomaterials shape control, approaches toward its synthesis, and the influence of nanomaterial shape on various biological activities of mammalian and microbial cells, such as proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism, as well as the prospects of this emerging field, are reviewed.
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Ma, Haohua, Xin Qiao, and Lu Han. "Advances of Mussel-Inspired Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010128.
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Hydrogels, with 3D hydrophilic polymer networks and excellent biocompatibilities, have emerged as promising biomaterial candidates to mimic the structure and properties of biological tissues. The incorporation of nanomaterials into a hydrogel matrix can tailor the functions of the nanocomposite hydrogels to meet the requirements for different biomedical applications. However, most nanomaterials show poor dispersion in water, which limits their integration into the hydrophilic hydrogel network. Mussel-inspired chemistry provides a mild and biocompatible approach in material surface engineering due to the high reactivity and universal adhesive property of catechol groups. In order to attract more attention to mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels, and to promote the research work on mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels, we have reviewed the recent advances in the preparation of mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels using a variety of nanomaterials with different forms (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanofibers, nanosheets). We give an overview of each nanomaterial modified or hybridized by catechol or polyphenol groups based on mussel-inspired chemistry, and the performances of the nanocomposite hydrogel after the nanomaterial’s incorporation. We also highlight the use of each nanocomposite hydrogel for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, bioelectronics, wearable/implantable biosensors, tumor therapy, and tissue repair. Finally, the challenges and future research direction in designing mussel-inspired nanocomposite hydrogels are discussed.
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Meng, Ya Li, and Jun Quan Zhu. "Application of Nanomaterial in Sports and its Safety Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.36.
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The nanomaterial have been widely used in the stadium, sports turf, track, sports apparel, sports equipment and sports supplements, but nanomaterials may have a negative impact on the cell, lung, liver, kidney and brain tissue, biological safety. So we should pay attention to and strengthen the biological study of nanomaterials when we are making full use of positive effect of nanomaterials in developing sports engineering.
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Zhang, Peng, Lei Wang, Hua Wei, and Juan Wang. "A Critical Review on Effect of Nanomaterials on Workability and Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 6, 2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8827124.
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The application of nanomaterials in high-performance concrete (HPC) has been extensively studied worldwide due to their large surface areas, small particle sizes, filling effects, and macroquantum tunneling effects. The addition of nanomaterials in HPC has great contribution to enhancing the pore size of the cementitious matrix, improving the hydration of cement, and making the matrix much denser. In order to present an exhaustive insight into the feasibility of HPC reinforced with nanomaterials, the new development of HPC was summarized and the influence of different nanomaterials on the properties of HPC was reviewed based on more than 100 recent studies in this literature review. Workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength properties of HPC with nanomaterials were discussed in detail. In addition, nanomaterial-modified HPC was compared with the traditional concrete and obtained a lot of valuable results. The results in the present review indicate that the addition of various nanomaterials improves the mechanical properties of HPC, while reducing the workability of HPC. However, there is an optimal dosage of nanomaterial for improving the mechanical properties of HPC. Improving the properties of HPC by adding nanomaterials is expected to become a mainstream technique in the future. This literature review can provide comprehensive and systematic knowledge to researchers and engineers working on HPC and promote the application of this new HPC in modern civil engineering.
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Shinde, Mahesh Uttamrao, Mohsina Patwekar, Faheem Patwekar, Majed A. Bajaber, Anuradha Medikeri, Firdous Sayeed Mohammad, Mohammad Mukim, Sanjay Soni, Jewel Mallick, and Talha Jawaid. "Nanomaterials: A Potential Hope for Life Sciences from Bench to Bedside." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5968131.
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In this review we hope to explain regarding nanoparticles (NPs), Nanoparticles are very small materials that range from 1 to 100 nm size. And the subclasses of nanoparticles are mentioned. Nanomaterials are formulated by nanoparticles. Research on nanomaterials is used to improve in material technology and synthesis gained the support. Nanomaterials are gradually becoming popularized and starting to arise as commodities. Nanotechnology refers to a set of scientific disciplines and designing where peculiarities that occur at aspects in the nanometre scale are used in the plan, characterization, formulation and use of materials, structures gadgets and system. Here application of nanomaterial and nanotechnology is explained. The use of nanomaterials in the production of biosensors for detection of pathogens, formulation of nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of antibiotics, Nanomedicines and the application of nanotechnology in food business Etc were discussed. Hazards and risk of nanomaterials are studied under nanotoxicology. Nanotechnology is ab arising science as would be considered normal to have quick areas of strength for improvements. It is anticipated to contribute altogether to financial development and occupation creation in the next few decades.
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Chandan, Dr Naresh Kant. "Advancements in Nanomaterials for Solar Cell Applications: A Comprehensive of Recent Developments." International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering, no. 31 (January 23, 2023): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/ijrise.31.50.65.
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This paper examines the significant advancements in nanomaterials for solar cell applications. The primary focus is on emerging nanomaterials such as perovskite quantum dots, carbon-based nanomaterials, and metal oxide nanostructures, which have shown promising results in enhancing solar cell efficiency and stability. Various synthesis methods, including sol-gel, hydrothermal, and vapor deposition techniques, are discussed in relation to their impact on nanomaterial properties. The paper also explores the characterization techniques employed to analyze these materials, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Furthermore, the review delves into the integration of these nanomaterials into different solar cell architectures, including perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and organic solar cells. The impact of nanomaterials on key performance metrics such as power conversion efficiency (PCE), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) is critically analyzed. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges associated with scalability, long-term stability, and environmental impact of nanomaterial-based solar cells. Finally, future research directions and potential breakthroughs in the field are discussed.
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Sahu, Saura C., and A. Wallace Hayes. "Toxicity of nanomaterials found in human environment." Toxicology Research and Application 1 (January 1, 2017): 239784731772635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397847317726352.
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The US National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) defines nanotechnology as “the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nm, where unique phenomena enable novel applications.” Recent scientific reports available in the literature clearly demonstrate the potential benefits of nanotechnology in consumer and industrial products. More and more nanomaterials are expected to be used in consumer products. This is expected to lead to increased human exposure to nanomaterials in their daily lives. Therefore, the effect of nanomaterials present in human environment is an area of increasing scientific interest. The information presented in this review is obtained from the current literature. It indicates that nanomaterials found in human environment may have potential for toxicological effects. However, the current literature on toxicological effects of nanomaterials is diverse. The current data are presented from studies without harmonization. These studies have used different in vitro and in vivo test models, different sources of test nanomaterials, different methods for nanomaterial characterization, and different experimental conditions. Therefore, these data are hard to interpret. More research on nanomaterial characterization, biological interaction, toxicity, and health effects is needed. The test methods need to be validated. Positive and negative controls for nanotoxicity need to be identified. Toxicity data harmonization needs to be done. Therefore, general information is not currently available for risk evaluation of certain nanomaterials that might be present in consumer products or that may enter into the market in future. Standardized and validated methods are necessary for toxicity assessment of nanomaterials. Therefore, in the absence of standardized validated methods any specific regulatory testing requirements for nanomaterials are currently premature. We conclude that the benefits of nanomaterials found currently in human environment are many, but their overall adverse effects on human health are limited.
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Rosales, Julia, Francisco Agrela, José Ramón Marcobal, José Luis Diaz-López, Gloria M. Cuenca-Moyano, Álvaro Caballero, and Manuel Cabrera. "Use of Nanomaterials in the Stabilization of Expansive Soils into a Road Real-Scale Application." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143058.
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Stabilization is a traditional strategy used to improve soils with the main objective of ensuring that this base is compliant with the technical specifications required for the subsequent development of different infrastructures. This study proposes the use of commercial nanomaterials, based on a solution of silicates, to improve the technical characteristics and bearing capacity of the expansive soil. A physical–chemical property study was carried out on the additive nanomaterial. Subsequently, different mixtures of expansive soil, selected soil and artificial gravel with quicklime and commercial nanomaterials were developed to evaluate the improvement obtained by the use of nanomaterials in the technical characteristics of the soil. Compressive strength and the Californian Bearing Ratio index were considerably increased. A full-scale study was carried out in which the nanomaterial product was applied to two different sections of stabilized road compared to a control section. The results obtained showed that the use of nanomaterial led to the possibility of reducing the control section by 30 cm, thus achieving less use of quicklime and a mechanical means for preparing the road section. The use of commercial nanomaterial improved the behavior of the stabilized sub-base layer. Through life cycle assessment, this study has shown that the use of nanomaterials reduces the environmental impact associated with soil stabilization.
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Jemima Priyadarshini, S., and D. Jude Hemanth. "Investigation of Nanomaterial Dipoles for SAR Reduction in Human Head." Frequenz 73, no. 5-6 (May 27, 2019): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0220.
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Abstract The Nanomaterial is a pioneer in the field of modern research for its unique properties. Human exposure analysis is inevitable due to the rapid growth in technology. The concern for human welfare indicates a need for reduction of human exposure towards the radiation caused by the devices. The dielectric properties of the nanomaterials can be ideal for exploration in the field of biomedical engineering. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is a vital parameter for exposure analysis. This paper investigates the impact of Nanomaterials on the human exposure analysis. For this purpose, a dipole radiating structure operating at GSM frequency of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz are designed with conventional Copper material and compared with Carbon nanomaterials such as Graphene, Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for performance evaluation. Further, the specific absorption rate estimates absorption of radiation in IEEE Sam phantom human head with equivalent tissue properties. The comparison of calculated SAR with the radiating structures that are designed with the equivalent properties of that of Nanomaterials. The evaluation of Nanomaterial Antennas at the center frequency is estimated, and performance is evaluated. The designed Nanomaterials interact with IEEE SAM Phantom and SAR is calculated. The analysis of SAR impact with nanomaterials is investigated in this work.
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Jiang, Yi Pai, and Yan Xiu Wang. "Study of Sport Devices Based on Nanomaterial." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.75.
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The nanomaterials have been widely used in stadiums, sports turf, athletics track, sports apparel, sports equipment and sports supplements, nanomaterial into the body may bring cell lung tissue, liver and kidney tissue, brain tissue negative impact, there are some biological safety hazard. Take full advantage of the positive effects on the development of Sports Engineering nanomaterials should be paid attention to and strengthen the study of biological nanomaterials.
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Zhang, Yanli, Qiang Zhang, Xiangming He, Li Wang, Jingxin Wang, Liangliang Dong, Yingpeng Xie, and Yongsheng Hao. "A Novel Sugar-Assisted Solvothermal Method for FeF2 Nanomaterial and Its Application in LIBs." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041437.
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Due to its quite high theoretical specific-energy density, FeF2 nanomaterial is a good candidate for the cathode material of high-energy lithium-ion batteries. The preparation of FeF2 nanomaterial is very important for its application. At present, the preparation process mostly involves high temperature and an inert atmosphere, which need special or expensive devices. It is very important to seek a low-temperature and mild method, without the need for high temperature and inert atmosphere, for the preparation and following application of FeF2 nanomaterial. This article reports a novel sugar-assisted solvothermal method in which the FeF3∙3H2O precursor is reduced into FeF2 nanomaterial by carbon derived from the dehydration and condensation of sugar. The obtained FeF2 nanomaterials are irregular granules of about 30 nm, with inner pores inside each granule. Electrochemical tests show the FeF2 nanomaterial’s potential as a lithium-ion battery cathode material.
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Saleem, Haleema, and Syed Javaid Zaidi. "Recent Developments in the Application of Nanomaterials in Agroecosystems." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 2411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122411.
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Nanotechnology implies the scientific research, development, and manufacture, along with processing, of materials and structures on a nano scale. Presently, the contamination of metalloids and metals in the soil has gained substantial attention. The consolidation of nanomaterials and plants in ecological management has received considerable research attention because certain nanomaterials could enhance plant seed germination and entire plant growth. Conversely, when the nanomaterial concentration is not properly controlled, toxicity will definitely develop. This paper discusses the role of nanomaterials as: (1) nano-pesticides (for improving the plant resistance against the biotic stress); and (2) nano-fertilizers (for promoting the plant growth by providing vital nutrients). This review analyzes the potential usages of nanomaterials in agroecosystem. In addition, the adverse effects of nanomaterials on soil organisms are discussed. We mostly examine the beneficial effects of nanomaterials such as nano-zerovalent iron, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, nano-hydroxyapatite, carbon nanotubes, and silver- and copper-based nanomaterials. Some nanomaterials can affect the growth, survival, and reproduction of soil organisms. A change from testing/using nanomaterials in plants for developing nanomaterials depending on agricultural requirements would be an important phase in the utilization of nanomaterials in sustainable agriculture. Conversely, the transport as well as ecological toxicity of nanomaterials should be seriously examined for guaranteeing its benign usage in agriculture.
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Anbu, Periasamy, Muruganantham Rethinasabapathy, Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan, Xin Zhang, Myeong-Hyeon Wang, Sekar Vijayakumar, and Yun Suk Huh. "Gelatin-Coated TiO2/Pd Hybrid: A Potentially Useful Nanomaterial to Enhance Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 10 (May 13, 2024): 5308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105308.
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Hybrid nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest in biomedicine because of their fascinating characteristics and wide range of applications in targeted drug delivery, antibacterial activity, and cancer treatment. This study developed a gelatin-coated Titanium oxide/palladium (TiO2/Pd) hybrid nanomaterial to enhance the antibacterial and anticancer capabilities. Morphological and structural analyses were conducted to characterize the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial. The surface texture of the hybrid nanomaterials was examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The FE-SEM image revealed the bulk of the spherically shaped particles and the aggregated tiny granules. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed Ti, Pd, C, and O. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd to be in the anatase form. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examined the interactions among the gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd nanoparticles. The gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd nanomaterials exhibited high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (22 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (17 mm) compared to individual nanoparticles, confirming the synergistic effect. More importantly, the gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd hybrid nanomaterial exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effects on A549 lung cancer cells which shows a linear increase with the concentration of the nanomaterial. The hybrid nanomaterials displayed higher toxicity to cancer cells than the nanoparticles alone. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells was verified by the generation of reactive oxygen species and nuclear damage. Therefore, gelatin-coated TiO2/Pd nanomaterials have potential uses in treating cancer and bacterial infections.
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Eisenstat, Joshua, Dennis Gotthardt, Rebecca Assor, Liam Dempsey, and Muhammad Hasibul Hasan. "A Comparative Review of Material Properties for Current and Future Dental Filling Nanomaterials." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.06.04.2021.01.
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ABSTRACT
Nanomaterials observe specialized properties relative to gross materials. Due to their small size, specialized nanomaterial properties include decreased reactivity, an increased surface area to volume ratio, heightened structural properties, and in some cases, antimicrobial and antibacterial effects. Current researchers are looking to use nanoparticle/nanomaterial properties to solve prevalent dental issues that cannot be addressed with traditionally used materials. This paper will serve as an extensive review of current nanomaterial applications as they pertain to dental fillings and dental filling processes. Comparative assessments of traditional materials used in dental fillings will be made as well as comparative assessments of currently used nanomaterials in dental fillings. Material comparisons are based on criteria pertaining to biocompatibility, toxicity, reactivity, cost, and antimicrobial/antibacterial properties. When comparing the three most currently used dental filling nanomaterials – Carbon-Based Nanotubes, Silica Nanoparticles and Silver-Coated Nanoparticles – it was observed that Silica Nanoparticles demonstrated the greatest material advantage and should be recommended for continued use. Issues regarding future developmental dental filling applications of graphene nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles will also be discussed.
Keywords: Nanomaterials, antibacterial, dental fillings, silica resins, biocompatibility.
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Vilímová, Iveta, Katel Hervé-Aubert, and Igor Chourpa. "Formation of miRNA Nanoprobes—Conjugation Approaches Leading to the Functionalization." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 8428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238428.
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Recently, microRNAs (miRNA) captured the interest as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, with their potential for early indication of numerous pathologies. Since miRNA is a short, non-coding RNA sequence, the sensitivity and selectivity of their detection remain a cornerstone of scientific research. As such, methods based on nanomaterials have emerged in hopes of developing fast and facile approaches. At the core of the detection method based on nanotechnology lie nanoprobes and other functionalized nanomaterials. Since miRNA sensing and detection are generally rooted in the capture of target miRNA with the complementary sequence of oligonucleotides, the sequence needs to be attached to the nanomaterial with a specific conjugation strategy. As each nanomaterial has its unique properties, and each conjugation approach presents its drawbacks and advantages, this review offers a condensed overview of the conjugation approaches in nanomaterial-based miRNA sensing. Starting with a brief recapitulation of specific properties and characteristics of nanomaterials that can be used as a substrate, the focus is then centered on covalent and non-covalent bonding chemistry, leading to the functionalization of the nanomaterials, which are the most commonly used in miRNA sensing methods.
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Chen, Wen, Li Qiang Mai, Yan Yuan Qi, Wei Jin, T. Hu, W. L. Guo, Y. Dai, and E. D. Gu. "One-Dimensional Oxide Nanomaterials through Rheological Self-Assembling." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2128.
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This article introduces a process for the growth of one-dimensional oxide nanomaterials that combines rheological phase reaction and hydrothermal self-assembling process. Fundamentals and practical approaches of hydrothermal self-assembling process and rheological phase reaction are briefly described. Particular attention is devoted to the rheological self-assembling for the growth of low dimensional oxide nanomaterials. Many examples are shown that the rheological self-assembling is an effective method to prepare one-dimensional nanomaterials, organic-inorganic hybrids and 1-D nanomaterial array for optical-electronic and electrochemical devices and catalysis. Morphologies, microstructures, properties, and application of one-dimensional oxide nanomaterials are reviewed.
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Naskar, Atanu, and Kwang-sun Kim. "Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Wound-Healing Therapeutics." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060499.
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Nanomaterial-based wound healing has tremendous potential for treating and preventing wound infections with its multiple benefits compared with traditional treatment approaches. In this regard, the physiochemical properties of nanomaterials enable researchers to conduct extensive studies on wound-healing applications. Nonetheless, issues concerning the use of nanomaterials in accelerating the efficacy of existing medical treatments remain unresolved. The present review highlights novel approaches focusing on the recent innovative strategies for wound healing and infection controls based on nanomaterials, including nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and scaffolds, which are elucidated in detail. In addition, the efficacy of nanomaterials as carriers for therapeutic agents associated with wound-healing applications has been addressed. Finally, nanomaterial-based scaffolds and their premise for future studies have been described. We believe that the in-depth analytical review, future insights, and potential challenges described herein will provide researchers an up-to-date reference on the use of nanomedicine and its innovative approaches that can enhance wound-healing applications.
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McCourt, Kelli M., Jarad Cochran, Sabah M. Abdelbasir, Elizabeth R. Carraway, Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng, Olga V. Tsyusko, and Diana C. Vanegas. "Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121082.
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Biosensors often combine biological recognition elements with nanomaterials of varying compositions and dimensions to facilitate or enhance the operating mechanism of the device. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. Here we attempt to foster connections between the domains of biosensors development and human and environmental toxicology to encourage a holistic approach to the development and scale-up of biosensors. We begin by exploring the toxicity of nanomaterials commonly used in biosensor design. From our analysis, we introduce five factors with a role in nanotoxicity that should be considered at the biosensor development stages to better manage toxicity. Finally, we contextualize the discussion by presenting the relevant stages and routes of exposure in the biosensor life cycle. Our review found little consensus on how the factors presented govern nanomaterial toxicity, especially in composite and alloyed nanomaterials. To bridge the current gap in understanding and mitigate the risks of uncontrolled nanomaterial release, we advocate for greater collaboration through a precautionary One Health approach to future development and a movement towards a circular approach to biosensor use and disposal.
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Trusova, V., I. Karnaukhov, A. Zelinsky, B. Borts, I. Ushakov, L. Sidenko, and G. Gorbenko. "Technetium-99m: a Nanomaterial Perspective." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 69, no. 9 (October 16, 2024): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe69.9.642.
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The radiolabeling of nanomaterials with technetium-99m (99mTc) has emerged as a promising strategy for integrating the advantages of nanotechnology and nuclear medicine for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This comprehensive review aims to provide an indepth overview of the current state-of-the-art in the radiolabeling of nanomaterials with 99mTc. The exploration encompasses synthesis methods, labeling mechanisms, biological assessments, physicochemical characterizations, and clinical applications of 99mTc-labeled nanomaterials. Diverse categories of nanomaterials are addressed, including organic and inorganic nanoparticles, lipid- and protein-based nanosystems, as well as various carbon nanomaterials. Additionally, the review addresses challenges inherent in this evolving field, such as the stability of the radiolabel, potential nanomaterial toxicity, and regulatory considerations. The discussion is concluded by exploring promising future perspectives and potential areas for research development in the realm of 99mTc-labeled nanomaterials.
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Meher, Rose, Bhavna Thakur, Surekha S, Kiran, Dheer Pratap, Sunil Kumar, Utkarsh Tripathi, and Logeshwaran Jayakkannan. "Nanomaterial-Induced Modifications in Plant Physiology and Genetics for Optimal Crop Production Strategies." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i23941.
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Nanotechnology has ushered in a new era in agriculture, offering transformative solutions to address the pressing challenges of feeding a burgeoning global population while adapting to a changing climate. At the forefront of this revolution are nanomaterials, characterized by their unique properties at the nanoscale. This article explores the intricate and dynamic relationship between nanomaterials and plants, unveiling how they induce profound changes in plant physiology and genetics. These changes, while complex, hold the key to unlocking novel approaches for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture. However, the core of this study delves into understanding how nanomaterials are taken up by plants and transported within their intricate biological systems. The mechanisms underlying nanomaterial uptake and distribution within plants are unveiled, offering possibilities for precise nutrient targeting and enhanced uptake efficiency. Subsequent sections meticulously dissect the consequences of nanomaterial exposure on plant physiology, including growth, development, and stress responses. The intricate genetic modifications and epigenetic changes that nanomaterials induce in plants are explored, revealing the potential for tailored crop improvement strategies. Notably, we demonstrate the practical implications of these nanomaterial-induced changes, showcasing their relevance for optimizing crop yields, resilience to environmental stressors, and nutritional quality. This article also takes a holistic approach by addressing the environmental and safety considerations that accompany the use of nanomaterials in agriculture. It emphasizes the necessity of responsible application, ecological impact assessment, and the establishment of regulatory frameworks to guide safe utilization. In conclusion, this article serves as an illuminating exploration of the nascent field where nanomaterials meet plant physiology and genetics, with implications that could reshape the future of agriculture.
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Sui, Shanglin. "Application prospect and preparation method of nanomaterials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2608, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2608/1/012034.
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Abstract Nanoparticles are atomic or molecular groups composed of a very small number of atoms or molecules. The particles have a shell structure. Nanomaterials are made up of a long-range ordered arrangement of atoms in grains and a disordered interface composition. The nanomaterial has a large number of interfaces. These unique volume effects, surface effects, and macroscopic quantum tunnelling effects enable nanomaterials to have unusual mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, optical, catalysis, and superconducting properties. Such characteristics make nanomaterials have significant application value in the fields of national defense, electronics, chemical industry, metallurgy, light industry, aviation, ceramics, catalysts, medicine, etc. The development of nanomaterial technology will have a profound impact on the productivity and may solve a series of problems such as food, health, energy and environmental protection fundamentally. This article analyzes the application prospect of nanomaterial and different preparation method. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of preparation are shown in the article which provides a literature review for researchers to refer.
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Kumar, Praveen. "Nanomaterial’s synthesis, types and their use in Bioremediation and Agriculture." Natural Resources for Human Health 2, no. 3 (May 9, 2022): 349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53365/nrfhh/144289.
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The particle ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers in size is called a nanomaterial. The reduction in size results in to change in redox behaviour, thermodynamic property and internal cohesive forces of the resulted particle from its bulk. This enhances the delivery and interaction of the particle with the active site. These features of the matter are considered in the synthesis of nanomaterials either by the bottom-up or top-down approaches. Nanomaterials may be organic, inorganic, biogenic and natural depending on their process of formation. The smaller size of nanomaterials makes them useful to be utilized as sensors that can be easily deployed in remote locations. Currently, nanomaterials are being proved successful both in efficiency as well as cost-effective for agricultural production. The use of biologically synthesized nanomaterials has been increasing because of their stable, eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. Earlier studies have reported the influence of nanoparticles on plant growth and production. This review has focused on the application of nanomaterials as Nano-fertilizers, Nano-sensors, pollutant remediating, diseases detector, pathogen attack preventer, stress detector and precision farming techniques. Further, efforts have been made in describing that the biosynthetic route of nanomaterial synthesis could emerge as a better and safer option for environmental pollution reduction. Thus, nanoscience may increase agricultural production to feed a huge population in near future.
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Valsami-Jones, E., D. Berhanu, A. Dybowska, S. Misra, A. R. Boccaccini, T. D. Tetley, S. N. Luoma, and J. A. Plant. "Nanomaterial synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 1 (February 2008): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.515.
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AbstractIn recent years it has become apparent that the novel properties of nanomaterials may predispose them to a hitherto unknown potential for toxicity. A number of recent toxicological studies of nanomaterials exist, but these appear to be fragmented and often contradictory. Such discrepancies may be, at least in part, due to poor description of the nanomaterial or incomplete characterization, including failure to recognise impurities, surface modifications or other important physicochemical aspects of the nanomaterial. Herew em ake a casef or the importance of good quality, well-characterized nanomaterials for future toxicological studies, combined with reliable synthesis protocols, and we present our efforts to generate such materials. The model system for which we present results is TiO2 nanoparticles, currently used in a variety of commercial products.
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Pang, Qian, Zilian Jiang, Kaihao Wu, Ruixia Hou, and Yabin Zhu. "Nanomaterials-Based Wound Dressing for Advanced Management of Infected Wound." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020351.
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The effective prevention and treatment of bacterial infections is imperative to wound repair and the improvement of patient outcomes. In recent years, nanomaterials have been extensively applied in infection control and wound healing due to their special physiochemical and biological properties. Incorporating antibacterial nanomaterials into wound dressing has been associated with improved biosafety and enhanced treatment outcomes compared to naked nanomaterials. In this review, we discuss progress in the application of nanomaterial-based wound dressings for advanced management of infected wounds. Focus is given to antibacterial therapy as well as the all-in-one detection and treatment of bacterial infections. Notably, we highlight progress in the use of nanoparticles with intrinsic antibacterial performances, such as metals and metal oxide nanoparticles that are capable of killing bacteria and reducing the drug-resistance of bacteria through multiple antimicrobial mechanisms. In addition, we discuss nanomaterials that have been proven to be ideal drug carriers for the delivery and release of antimicrobials either in passive or in stimuli-responsive manners. Focus is given to nanomaterials with the ability to kill bacteria based on the photo-triggered heat (photothermal therapy) or ROS (photodynamic therapy), due to their unparalleled advantages in infection control. Moreover, we highlight examples of intelligent nanomaterial-based wound dressings that can detect bacterial infections in-situ while providing timely antibacterial therapy for enhanced management of infected wounds. Finally, we highlight challenges associated with the current nanomaterial-based wound dressings and provide further perspectives for future improvement of wound healing.
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Sytu, Marion Ryan C., and Jong-In Hahm. "Principles and Applications of ZnO Nanomaterials in Optical Biosensors and ZnO Nanomaterial-Enhanced Biodetection." Biosensors 14, no. 10 (October 6, 2024): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14100480.
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Significant research accomplishments have been made so far for the development and application of ZnO nanomaterials in enhanced optical biodetection. The unparalleled optical properties of ZnO nanomaterials and their reduced dimensionality have been successfully exploited to push the limits of conventional optical biosensors and optical biodetection platforms for a wide range of bioanalytes. ZnO nanomaterial-enabled advancements in optical biosensors have been demonstrated to improve key sensor performance characteristics such as the limit of detection and dynamic range. In addition, all nanomaterial forms of ZnO, ranging from 0-dimensional (0D) and 1D to 2D nanostructures, have been proven to be useful, ensuring their versatile fabrication into functional biosensors. The employment of ZnO as an essential biosensing element has been assessed not only for ensembles but also for individual nanomaterials, which is advantageous for the realization of high miniaturization and minimal invasiveness in biosensors and biodevices. Moreover, the nanomaterials’ incorporations into biosensors have been shown to be useful and functional for a variety of optical detection modes, such as absorption, colorimetry, fluorescence, near-band-edge emission, deep-level emission, chemiluminescence, surface evanescent wave, whispering gallery mode, lossy-mode resonance, surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. The detection capabilities of these ZnO nanomaterial-based optical biosensors demonstrated so far are highly encouraging and, in some cases, permit quantitative analyses of ultra-trace level bioanalytes that cannot be measured by other means. Hence, steady research endeavors are expected in this burgeoning field, whose scientific and technological impacts will grow immensely in the future. This review provides a timely and much needed review of the research efforts made in the field of ZnO nanomaterial-based optical biosensors in a comprehensive and systematic manner. The topical discussions in this review are organized by the different modes of optical detection listed above and further grouped by the dimensionality of the ZnO nanostructures used in biosensors. Following an overview of a given optical detection mode, the unique properties of ZnO nanomaterials critical to enhanced biodetection are presented in detail. Subsequently, specific biosensing applications of ZnO nanomaterials are discussed for ~40 different bioanalytes, and the important roles that the ZnO nanomaterials play in bioanalyte detection are also identified.
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Liu, Jialin, David Hui, and Denvid Lau. "Two-dimensional nanomaterial-based polymer composites: Fundamentals and applications." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 770–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0041.
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Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-reinforced polymer composites exhibit superior properties and multifunctional applications. Compared to lower dimensional nanomaterials such as nanotubes and nanoparticles, 2D nanomaterials show a larger surface area. The large surface area makes 2D nanomaterials more effectively restrict the mobility of polymer chains and yields better reinforcing efficiency than the lower-dimensional nanomaterials. To gain an in-depth understanding and extend the applications of polymer composites reinforced with 2D nanomaterials, this paper reviews the progress in the fundamentals of synthesis and applications of such composites. The motivation and improvement of adding 2D nanomaterials to polymer materials are introduced first, followed by the synthesis approaches and the properties of typical 2D nanomaterials, including graphene, boron nitride nanosheet, and molybdenum disulfide nanosheet. Based on the properties of 2D nanomaterials, polymer composites reinforced with different types of 2D nanomaterials are designed for structural application, thermal dissipation application, tribological application, three-dimensional printing composite structures, and strain sensing application. Afterwards, the significance of reinforcement–matrix interaction and its improving approach are reviewed. The current progress envisions that polymer composites reinforced with 2D nanomaterials can be used in the fields of aviation and aerospace for improving radiation shielding capacity and nanomedical engineering.
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Adesina, Adeyemi. "Durability Enhancement of Concrete Using Nanomaterials: An Overview." Materials Science Forum 967 (August 2019): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.967.221.
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Different initiatives have evolved over the years to improve the durability of concrete, and one of the promising areas gaining attention in recent years is the use of nanomaterials in concrete. Though most of the applications of nanomaterials to improve the properties of concrete has been restricted to laboratory applications, it is anticipated that in few years to come more commercial and large-scale applications will ensue. This overview explored different types of nanomaterials already used in concrete and their effects on the durability of concrete. It was found out that nanosilica is the most used nanomaterial in concrete. And all types of nanomaterials currently used, enhance the durability of concrete significantly compared to other methods employed before the advent of nanomaterials in concrete. However, the use of other nanomaterials such as nanotitania and nanoalumina is attracting great attention. But the use of nanomaterials in concrete is faced by several challenges such as its high cost, production process, toxicity, etc. It is expected that with more research and application in the use of nanomaterials to enhance the properties of concrete, cheap and user-friendly nanomaterials can be developed. In addition, this review shows the possibility of enhancing the current durability properties with the use of nanomaterials.
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Naskar, Atanu, Sreenivasulu Kilari, and Sanjay Misra. "Chitosan-2D Nanomaterial-Based Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications." Polymers 16, no. 10 (May 8, 2024): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101327.
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Chitosan (CS) and two-dimensional nanomaterial (2D nanomaterials)-based scaffolds have received widespread attention in recent times in biomedical applications due to their excellent synergistic potential. CS has garnered much attention as a biomedical scaffold material either alone or in combination with some other material due to its favorable physiochemical properties. The emerging 2D nanomaterials, such as black phosphorus (BP), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), etc., have taken huge steps towards varying biomedical applications. However, the implementation of a CS-2D nanomaterial-based scaffold for clinical applications remains challenging for different reasons such as toxicity, stability, etc. Here, we reviewed different types of CS scaffold materials and discussed their advantages in biomedical applications. In addition, a different CS nanostructure, instead of a scaffold, has been described. After that, the importance of 2D nanomaterials has been elaborated on in terms of physiochemical properties. In the next section, the biomedical applications of CS with different 2D nanomaterial scaffolds have been highlighted. Finally, we highlighted the existing challenges and future perspectives of using CS-2D nanomaterial scaffolds for biomedical applications. We hope that this review will encourage a more synergistic biomedical application of the CS-2D nanomaterial scaffolds and their utilization clinical applications.
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Zhao, Zhi Qin, Ren Juan Sun, Gong Feng Xin, Shan Shan Wei, and Da Wei Huang. "A Review: Application of Nanomaterials in Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 2881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.2881.
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In this paper, the current situation of nanomaterials used in concrete were introduced, mechanism of nanomaterilas was reviewed. Recent application of nanomaterilas in special concrete such as air purified concrete, eco-concrete, high tenacity concrete were present.
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Niu, Qin, Qiannan Sun, Rushui Bai, Yunfan Zhang, Zimeng Zhuang, Xin Zhang, Tianyi Xin, Si Chen, and Bing Han. "Progress of Nanomaterials-Based Photothermal Therapy for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 10428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810428.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the top 15 most prevalent cancers worldwide. However, the current treatment models for OSCC (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combination therapy) present several limitations: damage to adjacent healthy tissue, possible recurrence, low efficiency, and severe side effects. In this context, nanomaterial-based photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted extensive research attention. This paper reviews the latest progress in the application of biological nanomaterials for PTT in OSCC. We divide photothermal nanomaterials into four categories (noble metal nanomaterials, carbon-based nanomaterials, metal compounds, and organic nanomaterials) and introduce each category in detail. We also mention in detail the drug delivery systems for PTT of OSCC and briefly summarize the applications of hydrogels, liposomes, and micelles. Finally, we note the challenges faced by the clinical application of PTT nanomaterials and the possibility of further improvement, providing direction for the future research of PTT in OSCC treatment.
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Lu, Chao, Hang Xiao, and Xi Chen. "MOFs/PVA hybrid membranes with enhanced mechanical and ion-conductive properties." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0010.
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Abstract Nanomaterials have been treated as effective dopants for enhancing mechanical and ion-conductive properties of polymer membranes. Among various nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks are attracting enormous attention from researchers because of their intriguing structural and functional properties. Here we report a gentle and simple synthesis method of ZIF-8 nanomaterials, which are applied as dopants for polyvinyl alcohol composite membranes. This nanomaterials display uniform size distribution and high purity through various structural investigations. The as-prepared polymer composite membranes present enhanced mechanical and ion-conductive properties compared to pristine samples. This work provides a novel ideal on the design of nanomaterial dopants for high-performance polymer membranes.
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Ullah, Ikram, Tasawar Hayat, Ahmed Alsaedi, and Habib M. Fardoun. "Numerical treatment of melting heat transfer and entropy generation in stagnation point flow of hybrid nanomaterials (SWCNT-MWCNT/engine oil)." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 06 (January 18, 2021): 2150102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921501025.
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Present attempt inspects the entropy analysis and melting effect in flow of hybrid nanomaterials consisting of CNTs nanoparticles and engine oil Flow is by a stretching cylinder. Formulation is accountable to the viscous dissipation, velocity slip and thermal radiation impacts. In order to estimate the disorder within the thermo-physical frame, second-order analysis has been used. The governing system with the imposed boundary condition is dimensionless via proper variables. Numerical outcomes are expressed graphically and analyzed. Comparison of hybrid nanomaterial, nanomaterials and regular liquid is expressed graphically. Outcomes indicate that the hybrid nanomaterials have great impact throughout the inspection than the ordinary nanomaterials.
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S R, Remisha. "A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CHARACTERIZATION, SYNTHESIS, OF NANOMATERIALS AND ITS APPLICATION IN WATER TREATMENT." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 04 (April 23, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01584.
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Nanomaterials offer unique properties that make them highly suitable for addressing water quality challenges. Understanding their characterization and synthesis is pivotal for optimizing their performance in water treatment applications. Various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface area analysis are discussed for nanomaterial characterization. Additionally, synthesis methods including physical, chemical, and biological approaches are explored in detail, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The review also delves into the diverse applications of nanomaterials in water treatment, including pollutant removal, disinfection, and membrane filtration. Moreover, recent advancements and emerging trends in the field are examined to provide insights into future research directions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the characterization techniques, synthesis methods, and applications of nanomaterials in water treatment. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in the development and implementation of nanomaterial-based water treatment technologies. Keywords: Nanomaterial, Characterization, Water treatment, Synthesis
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Ling Zhang, Ling Zhang. "Applications, Challenges and Development of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 42, no. 5 (2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000690.
Full textAbstract:
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been rapidly developed and widely applied in antimicrobial, biosensors, nanomedicine, nano-electronic technology, reinforcement, water treatment, and so on. However, there are also many problems and challenges during using and developing nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Are they secure enough for the health of human beings? Do they cause the environmental pollution? And how can we sustainably develop nanomaterial and nanotechnology? In this review, we introduced the applications, potential threats and hazards, and development and prospect of nanomaterial and nanotechnology.