Journal articles: 'Nanoparticle Capping Agent'

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Tanner, Eden E. L., Stanislav V. Sokolov, Neil P. Young, and Richard G. Compton. "DNA capping agent control of electron transfer from silver nanoparticles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 15 (2017): 9733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01721a.

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Agasti, Nityananda, and N. K. Kaushik. "A Facile Route for Synthesis of Octyl Amine Capped Silver Nanoparticle." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 03 (June 2014): 1450021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14500215.

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This paper presents a simple and convenient procedure for the preparation of octyl amine capped silver nanoparticles. AgNO 3 has been reduced by octyl amine with benzene or toluene as solvent at 100°C to produce silver nanoparticles. Octyl amine plays its role both as reducing and capping agent and thus provides the advantage of avoiding the use of extra stabilizing agent. Time dependent formation mechanism of silver nanoparticle has been investigated. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows weight change due to loss of capping agent. The reaction can easily be monitored from variation of color with time. The method is easy and reproducible. Very low concentration (1 mM) of metal ion is used. The particles synthesized were characterized by UV-Visible, FTIR, TGA, TEM and X-ray diffraction studies.

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Deena, S., Arun Dakshinamurthy, and Paulraj Mosae Selvakumar. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle Using Banana (Musa) Sap." Advanced Materials Research 1086 (February 2015): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1086.7.

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using banana sap as a solvent, reducing agent and capping agent is reported in this work. Banana sap has also been used as a binder to incorporate silver nanoparticles into cotton fabric. UV-Visible spectroscopy was used to monitor the quantitative formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticle coated fabric showed high antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria such asPseudomonas aureginosaandEscherichia coli, and gram positive bacteria such asBacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus.KeywordsGreen synthesis, Silver nanoparticles, banana sap, antimicrobial activity

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Mensah, M. B., J. A. M. Awudza, and P. O'Brien. "Castor oil: a suitable green source of capping agent for nanoparticle syntheses and facile surface functionalization." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 180824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180824.

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Castor oil (CO) is an inedible vegetable oil (VO) that has been employed extensively as a bioresource material for the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, cosmetics, lubricants, biofuels, coatings and adhesives. It is used in medicine, pharmaceuticals and biorefineries, due to its versatile chemistry. However, there has been less focus on CO as an alternative to toxic and expensive solvents, and capping/stabilizing agents routinely used in nanoparticle syntheses. It provides a richer chemistry than edible VOs as a solvent for green syntheses of nanoparticles. CO, being the only rich source of ricinoleic acid (RA), has been used as a solvent, co-solvent, stabilizing agent and polyol for the formation of polymer–nanoparticle composites. RA is a suitable alternative to oleic acid used as a capping and/or stabilizing agent. Unlike oleic acid, it provides a facile route to the functionalization of surfaces of nanoparticles and the coating of nanoparticles with polymers. For applications requiring more polar organic solvents, RA is more preferred than oleic acid. In this review, we discuss the production, chemical and physical properties, triglyceride and fatty acid (FA) compositions and applications of CO, focusing on the use of CO and RA as well as other VOs and FAs in syntheses of nanoparticles and surface functionalization.

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Kartini, Kartini, Amarisa Alviani, Dia Anjarwati, Adinda Finna Fanany, Johan Sukweenadhi, and Christina Avanti. "Process Optimization for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Indonesian Medicinal Plant Extracts." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080998.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an interesting metal nanoparticle that can be incorporated into pharmaceutical products, including for diabetic foot ulcers as an antimicrobial agent. Green synthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts has been drawing much attention as it is simple, eco-friendly, stable, and cost-effective. This present study was performed to evaluate the potential of three Indonesian medicinal plant extracts, namely Phyllanthus niruri (PN), Orthosiphon stamineus (OS), and Curcuma longa (CL), as reducing and capping agents in the green synthesis of AgNPs, and to optimize their concentrations. Based on the yields and characteristics of the formed nanoparticles, which were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer, Phyllanthus niruri extract at a concentration of 0.5% was concluded as the best extract in the green synthesis of AgNPs. It is thereby a prospective reducing and capping agent for further scale-up studies.

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Johan Ooi, Mahayatun Dayana, Nurshahzleen Mohd Yusaini, Ainorkhilah Mahmood, Noorezal Atfyinna Mohammed Napiah, and Yushamdan Yusof. "Effect of Capping Agent on the Shape and Catalytic Activity of PtPd Bimetallic Alloy Nanostructures." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 36 (May 9, 2023): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6t2hg0.

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In this work, PtPd nanostructures have been synthesized via the chemical reduction method with different capping agents (i.e., PVA, PVP, and PEG), whilst the strong reducing agent, NaBH4, was used in this study to reduce the metal salt to zero-valent PtPd nanostructures. Both PtPd synthesized with PVP and PEG exhibit nanoparticle structures, whereas PtPd synthesized in PVA demonstrates large, interconnected network structures. Pt-Pd synthesized with PVP exhibits a high ECSA value of 692.68 m2/g compared to without capping agent (287.80 m2/g) indicating large active sites, which increases its catalytic function. This study concludes that the presence of a capping agent influences the morphological structure and the catalyst's efficiency in performing a redox reaction at the surface.

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Zhang, Chengwei, and Igor Zhitomirsky. "Effect of High-Energy Ball Milling, Capping Agents and Alkalizer on Capacitance of Nanostructured FeOOH Anodes." Nanomaterials 13, no. 10 (May 21, 2023): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13101693.

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This investigation is motivated by interest in nanostructured FeOOH anodes for aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors operating in Na2SO4 electrolyte. The research goal is the fabrication of anodes with high active mass loading of 40 mg cm−2, high capacitance and low resistance. The influence of high-energy ball milling (HEBM), capping agents and alkalizer on the nanostructure and capacitive properties is investigated. HEBM promotes the crystallization of FeOOH, which results in capacitance reduction. Capping agents from the catechol family, such as tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (THB) and gallocyanine (GC), facilitate the fabrication of FeOOH nanoparticles, eliminate the formation of micron size particles and allow the fabrication of anodes with enhanced capacitance. The analysis of testing results provided insight into the influence of the chemical structure of the capping agents on nanoparticle synthesis and dispersion. The feasibility of a conceptually new strategy for the synthesis of FeOOH nanoparticles is demonstrated, which is based on the use of polyethylenimine as an organic alkalizer-dispersant. The capacitances of materials prepared using different nanotechnology strategies are compared. The highest capacitance of 6.54 F cm−2 is obtained using GC as a capping agent. The obtained electrodes are promising for applications as anodes for asymmetric supercapacitors.

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Tsalsabila, A., Y. Herbani, and Y. W. Sari. "Study of Lysine and Asparagine as Capping Agent for Gold Nanoparticles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2243, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2243/1/012102.

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Abstract The wide application of gold nanoparticles has attracted much attention to the development of research in gold nanoparticles. In this study, the gold nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction method using potassium tetrachloroaurate as the gold source and sodium borohydride as reducer agent. The formation of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by surface plasmon spectra in ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy at wavelength 507 nm. The capping process of gold nanoparticles was studied using two different charges of amino acids. The asparagine had used as uncharge amino acid and lysine as a positive charge amino acid. The redshift in surface plasmon spectra showed the aggregation of the gold nanoparticles after being capped with amino acids that indicates the surface modification. The amine and carboxylate group was present on the gold nanoparticle surface after being capped with amino acids. The zeta potential results indicate the lysine capped gold nanoparticles have slightly higher stability than the asparagine capped gold nanoparticles. These stability and surface modification of gold nanoparticles are expected to increase their utilization on biological and medical applications.

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Ng, Hooi Chien, Cheng Seong Khe, Xin Hui Yau, Wei Wen Liu, and Azizan Aziz. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaf Extract." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 9, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180516091452.

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Background: Owing to their remarkable chemical, physical and biological properties, silver nanoparticles have been widely used in water purification, electronics, bio-sensing, clothing, food industry, paint and medical devices. Various approaches, such as using harsh reducing and stabilising agents for reverse micelle and thermal decomposition, were proposed for silver nanoparticle production. However, these methods are not eco-friendly. Thus, the aim of this paper is to synthesise silver nanoparticles through a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach. Materials and Methods: A green approach was presented for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. This approach involved the treatment of silver nitrate and hibiscus leaf extract, which acts as reducing and capping agent. The synthesis was performed at room temperature. The resulting silver nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Results: Spherical, rod-like, hexagonal and triangular silver nanoparticles were obtained through the proposed synthesis method. The crystalline nature of each nanoparticle was revealed by XRD and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The average spherical size of the silver nanoparticles produced in this route was 44.3 nm. The obtained FTIR band at 1622 cm-1 corresponded to the C=O stretch in the amine I group, which is commonly found in protein. Thus, the protein was believed to serve as capping agent that was responsible for the stabilisation of silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: In conclusion, silver nanoparticles had been successfully synthesised using hibiscus leaf extract and a plausible formation mechanism of silver nanoparticles was proposed.

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Sharma, Arun Kumar, Kiran Rana, Sita Shrestha, Hari Bhakta Oli, and Deval Prasad Bhattarai. "A comparative Study on Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Green vis-a-vis Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles." Amrit Research Journal 3, no. 01 (December 23, 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/arj.v3i01.50499.

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is of great importance in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Various phytochemical constituents present in whole or parts of plants can act as reducing, capping and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) by green method. In this work, AgNPs have been successfully synthesized in the laboratory by chemical reduction and green method. NaBH4 was used as a reducing agent in chemical reduction method whereas Zingiber officinale leaf extract was used as reducing and capping agent in green method. The properties of as synthesized AgNPs by both green and chemical methods have been examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD and FTIR method. Besides these, biological activities of as synthesized AgNPs were tested against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli which exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activities in green method. Based on the result, it is found that AgNPs synthesized from ginger plant (Zingiber officinale) leaf extract exhibited significant antimicrobial effect than that by chemically synthesized AgNPs.

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Mesgarzadeh, Iraj, Ali Reza Akbarzadeh, Rahmatollah Rahimi, and Ali Maleki. "Novel Design, Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles during Oak Acorns Bark Retrograde." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 232, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2017-0970.

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AbstractIn search for a probable local solution for Qarasu River problems and based on our prescience about metal ion chelating/reducing ability of tannins which are found in large amount in oak acorns bark, Quercus brantii (Persian oak) acorns bark extract was exploited as reducing/capping agent in silver nanoparticles synthesis. Synthesis was carried out as a single-step method at room temperature, and without consuming any external energy by using these renewable barks. The crystallinity, size and shape of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The involvement of phenolic compounds in metal ion reduction was supported by UV-Visible and infrared spectroscopies and by acidity and conductivity measurements. The SEM-based particle size distribution analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility test of oak acorns bark-extract-mediated silver nanoparticles against bacterial effluent were pointed out to the critical proportion of silver salt to the capping/reducing agent. It seems that the bactericidal action depends on the extent to which accumulation of silver nanoparticle (Ag-Np) in bacterial cell surface alters the silver nanoparticle colloidal stability in broth medium.

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Parimala, Lakshmikanthan, and J. Santhanalakshmi. "Oxidative Degradation of Rhodamine B Catalysed by Copper Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Medium." Advanced Materials Research 584 (October 2012): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.267.

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In the present work , copper oxide nanoparticles are synthesized by wet sol – gel method using sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent and starch as the capping agent. Size characterization of the nanoparticle was done by TEM, XRD and FT – IR. The as prepared nanoparticles are used as catalyst in the degradation Rhodamine B dye using hydrogen peroxide.The effects of H2O2 dosage, medium pH, solution temperature, and the dye compositions on the degradation kinetics of rhodamine B have been studied. The pH=4 and temperature = 40◦c are the optimized conditions.

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Lari, Giacomo M., Ewa Nowicka, David J. Morgan, Simon A. Kondrat, and Graham J. Hutchings. "The use of carbon monoxide as a probe molecule in spectroscopic studies for determination of exposed gold sites on TiO2." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 35 (2015): 23236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp02512e.

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Razali, Nur Liyana, Marlia Morsin, Suratun Nafisah, Nur Zehan An’nisa Md Shah, Farhanahani Mahmud, Soon Chin Fhong, and Tengku Hasnan Tengku Abdul Aziz. "Formation of anisotropic gold nanoparticles on indium tin oxide substrates as a plasmonic sensing material." Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 10 (January 1, 2020): 184798042096538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847980420965388.

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A simple technique of seed-mediated growth has been successfully performed to grow anisotropy gold nanoparticles on solid substrates. The growth of the gold nanoparticles has been carried out in the presence of a binary surfactant mixture of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with two different molecular weights of a capping agent, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone: 40,000 and 55,000. In this study, the effect of process parameters, growth time and molecular weight of capping agent was investigated. The growth time shows a significant impact on the shape and size of nanoparticles. The shorter growth time produced small spherical to square-like shape particles, whereas bigger particles including nanorods, nanosquares and nanotriangles were formed with longer growth time. The shape controlling agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone, was used to synthesis gold nanoparticles. It was found that monodisperse gold nanoparticles with uniform shape and size are hardly obtained when polyvinylpyrrolidone 40,000 was used as capping agent. Polyvinylpyrrolidone 55,000 produced more uniform shape and size of gold nanoparticles. Thus, these process parameters were found affected to the size, shape, surface density and uniformity of gold nanoparticles. This sample was further applied as a sensing material in the detection of toxic fungicide, namely chlorothalonil. The sensitivity of the sensor system was determined by the changes in peak positions and intensities of the transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance peaks on different medium, that is, air, deionized water and chlorothalonil solution. The sensor response of gold nanoparticles thin film in 30 mM chlorothalonil showed two resonance peaks in comparison to the control experiment without gold nanoparticle thin film. The gold nanoparticles thin film sensor was successfully synthesized and potentially useful as a sensing material for fungicide detection.

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Kaur, Rupinder, Sandeep Kaushal, and Prit Pal Singh. "Biogenic synthesis of a silver nanoparticle–SnZrMoP nanocomposite and its application for the disinfection and detoxification of water." Materials Advances 1, no. 4 (2020): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00096e.

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A silver nanoparticle (AgNP)–tin zirconium(iv) molybdophosphate (SnZrMoP) nano-composite was synthesized by a superficial and green synthetic approach using mulberry leaf extract, with the plant extract playing the role of a reducing agent as well as a capping agent.

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Nissinen, Tomi, Mei Li, Sean A. Davis, and Stephen Mann. "In situ precipitation of amorphous and crystalline calcium sulphates in cellulose thin films." CrystEngComm 16, no. 19 (2014): 3843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce00228h.

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Cellulose films regenerated with calcium sulphate are fabricated using N-methylmorpholine N-oxide as a solvent and capping agent for polysaccharide dissolution and nanoparticle stabilization, respectively.

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Barag, Wedad M., Fatma A. Shtewi, and Awatif A. Tarroush. "Green Synthesis, Structural and Optical Properties of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Malva Parviflora." Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i1.964.

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Green Synthesis of cupric Oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using the plant extract is an emerging field of extensive applications. In the present study, the CuONPs were carried out by reducing copper sulfate solution by the aqueous Malva parviflora leaves extract, where this plant is used as a reducing and capping agent. The precursor salt solution and reducing agent were mixed in a 1:4 volume ratio at 50 oC and pH=9. According to the UV-VIS spectrum, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band was observed at 262 nm. UV-VIS spectroscopy also was employed to estimate the band gap energy of CuO nanoparticles, in which the optical band gap was varied depending upon the particle size and copper sulfate concentration. The XRD was found that synthesized CuONPs were Amorphous structure. FT-IR spectrum revealed that the presence of flavonoid may be the significant cause of reducing and capping of CuONPs. Furthermore, the mechanism of CuO nanoparticle formation has also been discussed.

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Tanner, Eden E. L., Kristina Tschulik, Romilly Tahany, Kerstin Jurkschat, Christopher Batchelor-McAuley, and Richard G. Compton. "Nanoparticle Capping Agent Dynamics and Electron Transfer: Polymer-Gated Oxidation of Silver Nanoparticles." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 119, no. 32 (July 30, 2015): 18808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b05789.

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Alkilany, Alaaldin M., Alaa I. Bani Yaseen, and Mohammed H. Kailani. "Synthesis of Monodispersed Gold Nanoparticles with Exceptional Colloidal Stability with Grafted Polyethylene Glycol-g-polyvinyl Alcohol." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/712359.

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Herein, we report the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles with tunable core size (23–79 nm) in the presence of polyethylene glycol-g-polyvinyl alcohol (PEG-g-PVA) grafted copolymer as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent in a one-step protocol. The resulted PEG-g-PVA-capped gold nanoparticles are monodispersed with an exceptional colloidal stability against salt addition, repeated centrifugation, and extensive dialysis. The effect of various synthesis parameters and the kinetic/mechanism of the nanoparticle formation are discussed.

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Pooja, P. B. Barman, and S. K. Hazra. "Role of Capping Agent in Palladium Nanoparticle Based Hydrogen Sensor." Journal of Cluster Science 29, no. 6 (August 9, 2018): 1209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10876-018-1438-7.

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Tanner, Eden E. L., Christopher Batchelor-McAuley, and Richard G. Compton. "Nanoparticle Capping Agent Controlled Electron-Transfer Dynamics in Ionic Liquids." Chemistry - A European Journal 22, no. 17 (March 21, 2016): 5976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201505117.

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Salem, Heba F., Sabry M. Tamam, and Sahar M. Lotayef. "BIODEGRADABLE LIPOSOMES FOR ACYCLOVIR-GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS AN EFFICIENT CARRIERFOR ENHANCED TOPICAL DELIVERY." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i8.17243.

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Objective: Gold nanoparticles and nanoliposomes are effective new technology in delivering the bioactive agents and enhancing their performance by increasing the bioavailability. The goal of the present study was the formulation of liposome for the use as a carrier for nanogold conjugated with acyclovir (ACV), an antiviral drug, to enhance ACV delivery.Methods: The gold nanoparticles were used as a capping agent for ACV and sodium citrate was used as reducing agent for the gold. Transmission electron microscopy was used for characterization and to study the morphological and structural properties of drug-metallic nanostructures. Nanoliposomes were formulated using different molar ratios of a positive charge inducer (stearyl amine) or a negative charge inducer (diacetyl phosphate), lecithin, cholesterol and Span 60.Results: Gold nanoparticles with a particle size of 10–20 nm were formed. This small size of the formed particles has a clear effect in reducing the gold nanoparticles toxicity and enhancing the cellular uptake. The amount of sodium citrate used in this preparation influences the size of the gold nanoparticle. The present study employed 1% trisodium citrate that contains a carboxylic group and this carboxylic group works as a reducing and capping agent to synthesize ACV-gold nanoparticles conjugate. Liposomal formula F6 had the highest entrapment efficiency approaching 42%, the low particle size of 160 nm, and zeta potential of 43.5 mV.Conclusion: It is evident from the study that the liposomes can be used as a carrier of ACV conjugated with gold nanoparticles. This new strategy could be used successfully in the treatment of viral infection.

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Shafqat, Khawer, Satu Pitkäaho, Minna Tiainen, Lenka Matějová, and Riitta L. Keiski. "Effect of Nanoparticle Size in Pt/SiO2 Catalyzed Nitrate Reduction in Liquid Phase." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010195.

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Effect of platinum nanoparticle size on catalytic reduction of nitrate in liquid phase was examined under ambient conditions by using hydrogen as a reducing agent. For the size effect study, Pt nanoparticles with sizes of 2, 4 and 8 nm were loaded silica support. TEM images of Pt nanoparticles showed that homogeneous morphologies as well as narrow size distributions were achieved during the preparation. All three catalysts showed high activity and were able to reduce nitrate below the recommended limit of 50 mg/L in drinking water. The highest catalytic activity was seen with 8 nm platinum; however, the product selectivity for N2 was highest with 4 nm platinum. In addition, the possibility of PVP capping agent acting as a promoter in the reaction is highlighted.

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Krishnaveni, T., M. V. Kaveri, and K. Kadirvelu. "The first PdO nanoparticle catalyzed one pot synthesis of propargylamine through A3-coupling of an aldehyde, alkyne and amine." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 35 (2021): 16271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj02994k.

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Espe, Matthew P., Saida Y. Ortiz-Colon, Arturo Ponce, and Ronald F. Ziolo. "Structural Characterization of Poly(Sodium 4-Styrene Sulfonate)/CdS Semiconductor Nanoparticle Composites." Materials Science Forum 644 (March 2010): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.644.123.

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The properties of polymer/semiconducting nanoparticle (NP) composites-materials used in hybrid, bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic materials-are dependent on the interaction of the NPs and polymer. Composite films of water soluble polymers and CdS NPs have been produced both by synthesizing the NPs within the polymer matrix and by adding the CdS NPs, containing a capping agent, to the polymer. The composites have been characterized by microscopy as well as 1H, 13C and 113Cd solid-state NMR. When synthesizing the NPs within the polymer, the polymer matrix plays a role in the cadmium sulfide NP nucleation, growth and structure. In the blended system, the dominant interaction between the glycerol capping agent and sulfonated polymer is observed to be hydrogen bonding.

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Biehler, Erik, Qui Quach, Clay Huff, and Tarek M. Abdel-Fattah. "Organo-Nanocups Assist the Formation of Ultra-Small Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction." Materials 15, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 2692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072692.

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Ultra-small palladium nanoparticles were synthesized and applied as catalysts for a hydrogen evolution reaction. The palladium metal precursor was produced via beta-cyclodextrin as organo-nanocup (ONC) capping agent to produce ultra-small nanoparticles used in this study. The produced ~3 nm nanoparticle catalyst was then characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the successful synthesis of ~3 nm palladium nanoparticles. The nanoparticles’ catalytic ability was explored via the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride. The palladium nanoparticle catalyst performed best at 303 K at a pH of 7 with 925 μmol of sodium borohydride having an H2 generation rate of 1.431 mL min−1 mLcat−1. The activation energy of the palladium catalyst was calculated to be 58.9 kJ/mol.

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Al-Hada, Naif Mohammed, Mohamed Kamari Halimah, Abdul Halim Shaari, Elias Saion, Sidek A. Aziz, and Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa. "Structural and Morphological Properties of Manganese-Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Thermal Treatment Route." Solid State Phenomena 290 (April 2019): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.290.307.

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The capping of manganese–zinc ferrite nanoparticle by polyvinyl pyrrolidone agent has been carried out by a simple thermal treatment route. The obtained nanopowder samples have been given a screening investigation for its elemental composition, structural and morphological behaviour. The observed crystalline phase of manganese–zinc ferrite nanopowder was evidenced by X-ray diffractometer at a calcination temperature of 650 °C with no other impurity phases being detected. The average crystallite size determined from the XRD data and TEM micrographs showed an increasing trend with increasing calcination temperature. The morphological examination revealed that the manganese–zinc ferrite nanoparticle exhibits a uniform shape with enhancement in nanoparticles dispersion as the calcination temperature increased.

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Chee, Sang Soo, and Jong Hyun Lee. "Effects of Reductant Amount and Capping Agent on Tin Nanoparticles Synthesis Using a Tin(II) 2-Ethylhexanoate Precursor." Advanced Materials Research 530 (June 2012): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.530.52.

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Tin nanoparticles were synthesized through compulsive reduction using a Tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate precursor, and the effect of reductant (sodium borohydride) amount on the size distribution of the particles was surveyed. Issues caused by the absence of a capping agent (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) were similarly examined. An excessive amount of dissolved sodium borohydride caused variations in the tin nanoparticle sizes, from a few nanometers to several tens of nanometers. The formation of abnormally large particles was attributed to the vigorous coagulation among smaller tin particles. In the tin nanoparticles synthesized without polyvinyl pyrrolidone, an exceptionally wide size distribution was observed owing to irregularly coagulated and aggregated large particles.

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Todorova, Mina, Miglena Milusheva, Lidia Kaynarova, Deyana Georgieva, Vassil Delchev, Stanislava Simeonova, Bissera Pilicheva, and Stoyanka Nikolova. "Drug-Loaded Silver Nanoparticles—A Tool for Delivery of a Mebeverine Precursor in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Treatment." Biomedicines 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061593.

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Chronic, multifactorial illnesses of the gastrointestinal tract include inflammatory bowel diseases. One of the greatest methods for regulated medicine administration in a particular region of inflammation is the nanoparticle system. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been utilized as drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical industry. The goal of the current study is to synthesize drug-loaded Ag NPs using a previously described 3-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-amine, as a mebeverine precursor (MP). Methods: A green, galactose-assisted method for the rapid synthesis and stabilization of Ag NPs as a drug-delivery system is presented. Galactose was used as a reducing and capping agent forming a thin layer encasing the nanoparticles. Results: The structure, size distribution, zeta potential, surface charge, and the role of the capping agent of drug-loaded Ag NPs were discussed. The drug release of the MP-loaded Ag NPs was also investigated. The Ag NPs indicated a very good drug release between 80 and 85%. Based on the preliminary results, Ag NPs might be a promising medication delivery system for MP and a useful treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, future research into the potential medical applications of the produced Ag NPs is necessary.

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Dai, Shan, Kieu Phung Ngoc, Laurence Grimaud, Sanjun Zhang, Antoine Tissot, and Christian Serre. "Impact of capping agent removal from Au NPs@MOF core–shell nanoparticle heterogeneous catalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 10, no. 6 (2022): 3201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta09108e.

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Gallucci, Noemi, Giuseppe Vitiello, Rocco Di Girolamo, Paola Imbimbo, Daria Maria Monti, Oreste Tarallo, Alessandro Vergara, Irene Russo Krauss, and Luigi Paduano. "Towards the Development of Antioxidant Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Controlling the Properties by Tuning Synthesis Conditions." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020542.

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In this work CeO2 nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) were synthesized through the thermal decomposition of Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, using as capping agents either octylamine or oleylamine, to evaluate the effect of alkyl chain length, an issue at 150 °C, in the case of octylamine and at 150 and 250 °C, in the case of oleylamine, to evaluate the effect of the temperature on NPs properties. All the nanoparticles were extensively characterized by a multidisciplinary approach, such as wide-angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, UV-Vis, fluorescence, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies. The analysis of the experimental data shows that the capping agent nature and the synthesis temperature affect nanoparticle properties including size, morphology, aggregation and Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio. Such issues have not been discussed yet, at the best of our knowledge, in the literature. Notably, CeO2-NPs synthesized in the presence of oleylamine at 250 °C showed no tendency to aggregation and we made them water-soluble through a further coating with sodium oleate. The obtained nanoparticles show a less tendency to clustering forming stable aggregates (ranging between 14 and 22 nm) of few NPs. These were tested for biocompatibility and ROS inhibiting activity, demonstrating a remarkable antioxidant activity, against oxidative stress.

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Bharath, B., Santanu Sasidharan, Sai K. Bhamidipati, and Prakash Saudagar. "Green-Synthesized FeSO4 Nanoparticles Exhibit Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity by DNA Degradation." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 7 (June 16, 2020): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200101111643.

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Objective: The current study reports a green, rapid and one-pot synthesis of FeSO4 nanoparticles using Hibiscus rosasinensis floral extract as a reducing and capping agent. 0.5M of FeSO4 was stirred with the floral extract of H. rosasinensis for around 20 minutes at 37ºC and pH 7. Methods: The development of pink color was considered as the endpoint of reduction and the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, EDAX, DLS, FTIR, FESEM, and XRD. UV-Vis spectral analysis indicated a peak at 530 nm and EDAX measurement revealed the presence of Fe, S, O and C elements in the nanoparticle sample. The FTIR analysis showed amines, alcohol and alkene groups that act as capping agents for the produced nanoparticles. FESEM and XRD determination presented FeSO4 nanoparticles of 40-60 nm in size. The synthesized nanoparticles were found to have antibacterial activity against 6 pathogenic bacteria with MIC and MBC of 40 mg/mL. Results: To determine the toxicity at the eukaryotic level, brine shrimp toxicity assay was conducted and 100% mortality was found at concentrations >0.06 mg/mL. Gel shift assay suggested the mechanism of toxicity of FeSO4 NPs by binding and degradation of DNA molecules. Conclusion: From the results, the authors demonstrate the ease of green synthesis of FeSO4 nanoparticles and its bioactivity that may have potential applications as drugs and drug delivery systems against various diseases.

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Haryono, Agus, Sri Budi Harmami, and Dewi Sondari. "Preparation of Magnetite Nanoparticles by Thermal Decomposition of Iron (III) Acetylacetonate with Oleic Acid as Capping Agent." Materials Science Forum 737 (January 2013): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.737.153.

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The thermal decomposition of organometallic compounds was used to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles in high boiling point organic solvent containing stabilizing surfactants. Iron (III) acetylacetonate was used as the organometallic precursor in this work. Thermal decomposition of cationic metal center leads directly to the metal oxide, in the presence of 1,2-hexadecanediol, oleylamine, and oleic acid in diphenyl ether. Characterization with the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) showed the size of the obtained magnetite nanoparticles was 2.1 ± 0.9 nm with polydispersity index of 0.327. The morphology and chemical structure of the obtained magnetite nanoparticle was characterized by using of Transmition Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The application of magnetite nanoparticles in the industrial wastewater treatment was also discussed.

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Mustafa, Faisal, Muhammad Razwan, and Saima Shabbir. "Microstructure and Resistivity Analysis of Silver Nanoparticle-Based Crystalline Conductive Films Synthesized using PEG Surfactant." Processes 7, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7050245.

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Silver nanoparticle-based crystalline conductive films were synthesized using a simple and environmentally friendly method centered on chemical reduction. A stoichiometric balance of three different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a capping agent. Resistivity, and its correlation with temperature and the particle size of nanoparticle films, was probed. The silver nanoparticles were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Further silver films deposited on a glass substrate were characterized by FESEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and resistivity measurements. Particle size distribution and room temperature electrical conductivity were also investigated. The high conductivity of sintered films suggested applications for the ink-jet printing of electronic circuitry on thermally sensitive substrates.

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Andreani, Agustina Sus, Suyanta, Eko Sri Kunarti, and Sri Juari Santosa. "Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle from Adsorbed Au on Hydrotalcite Using SDS and Sodium Citrate as Capping Agent and its Recovery into Pure Gold." Materials Science Forum 901 (July 2017): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.901.32.

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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been synthesised from adsorbed Au on hydrotalcite (Mg/Al HT-AA-Au) using SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and sodium citrate as capping agent. Then, the nanoparticles were recovered into pure gold by centrifugation. It is shown that sodium citrate has better activity compared to SDS as the capping agent. The electronic spectra of the resulted AuNPs showed that the optimum pH, sodium citrate concentration and time of sonication were 5, 70 mM, and 2 h, respectively. The results showed that the average size of AuNPs was 32 nm at SPR 531 nm. By centrifugation at 13000 rpm for 8 min, gold dust of Au(0) can be obtained from the gold nanoparticles capped sodium citrate. Based on infrared spectra and XRD, it is proven that the gold dust still contains citric and Mg/Al HT.

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Kumar, Nimish. "Plant Extract Mediated Synthesis of Transition Metal Nanoparticles: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35382.

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Green technology is a fast evolving scientific topic that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its wide range of applications. It is a multidisciplinary field that is safe, non-hazardous, and ecologically friendly, in contrast to chemical and physical approaches for nanoparticle synthesis. Because the existing biomolecules in plant extract act as both a reducing and capping agent, the produced nanoparticles are very stable. As a result, nanoparticles that have been manufactured have a wide range of potential applications in the environmental and biomedical domains. The current report contains current information on numerous green synthesis methods that rely on different plant parts for green transition metal nanoparticles synthesis.

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Chang, Cheng-Yeh, Tzu-Hsien Tseng, Bo-Ru Chen, Yi-Ru Wu, Cheng-Liang Huang, and Jui-Chang Chen. "Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of Fluorescent Thiolated Gold Nanoclusters." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112835.

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A new strategy using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to synthesize thiolated Au NCs is demonstrated. The quasi-spherical Ag NPs serve as a platform, functioning as a reducing agent for Au (III) and attracting capping ligands to the surface of the Ag NPs. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and dithiothreitol (DTT) were used as capping ligands to synthesize thiolated Au NCs (glutathione-Au NCs and DTT-Au NCs). The glutathione-Au NCs and DTT-Au NCs showed red color luminance with similar emission wavelengths (630 nm) at an excitation wavelength of 354 nm. The quantum yields of the glutathione-Au NCs and DTT-Au NCs were measured to be 7.3% and 7.0%, respectively. An electrophoretic mobility assay showed that the glutathione-Au NCs moved toward the anode, while the DTT-Au NCs were not mobile under the electric field, suggesting that the total net charge of the thiolated Au NCs is determined by the charges on the capping ligands. The detection of the KSV values, 26 M−1 and 0 M−1, respectively, revealed that glutathione-Au NCs are much more accessible to an aqueous environment than DTT-Au NCs.

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A, Selvam, Sheik Muhideen Badhusha M, Rajula Jasmine Usha J, Muthuchudarkodia R.R, and Ramesh Kumar S. "Bio synthesis and characterization of Cobalt oxide nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves." International Journal of Zoology and Applied Biosciences 7, no. 6S (December 30, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55126/ijzab.2022.v07.i06.sp013.

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Recently the green synthesis of nanoparticles involving plant extract has attracted the attention of researchers. In this work we present an environmentally friendly, one step, ultra-fast, cost-efficient method for producing cobalt oxide nanoparticles using readily available Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) extracts as reducing and capping agent. The bio-reduced cobalt nanoparticles were appropriately characterized. The cobalt oxide nanoparticles are characterized by UV-DRS, IR, powder XRD, SEM and EDX. To characterize the crystal phase identification of the nanoparticle, X-ray Powder Diffraction (Powder XRD) is used. Surface morphology was studied by SEM and EDX to determine the amount of cobalt present. The unique physicochemical characteristics of Cobalt oxide are believed to have increased medical applications when synthesized via environmentally benign methods free of toxic byproducts.

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Hemmati, Shohreh, Erin Retzlaff-Roberts, Corren Scott, and Michael T. Harris. "Artificial Sweeteners and Sugar Ingredients as Reducing Agent for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (January 21, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9641860.

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An environmentally friendly technique has been developed to produce metal nanoparticles using green synthesis methods. In this study, silver nanostructures were synthesized using different sugar substitutes and artificial sweeteners as green reducing agents in an aqueous solution at low temperature. The main ingredients (such as maltodextrin, sucrose, saccharin, and sucralose) of the artificial sweeteners acting as reducing agents were used to reduce Ag+ ions to Ag0. The pH of the solution was controlled during synthesis through the addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to increase the strength of the reducing agents by converting nonreducing sugars to reducing ones and consequently increasing the rate of silver nanoparticle formation. The size and morphology of the synthesized nanostructures were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The formation of nanostructures during the course of the reactions was investigated by UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy characterization of an aliquot of sample at specific intervals. The function of each artificial sweetener and corresponding ingredients as a reducing agent and capping agent was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectrometry (MS).

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Bhattacharya, Santanu, Aasheesh Srivastava, and Asish Pal. "Modulation of Viscoelastic Properties of Physical Gels by Nanoparticle Doping: Influence of the Nanoparticle Capping Agent." Angewandte Chemie 118, no. 18 (April 28, 2006): 3000–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200504461.

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Bhattacharya, Santanu, Aasheesh Srivastava, and Asish Pal. "Modulation of Viscoelastic Properties of Physical Gels by Nanoparticle Doping: Influence of the Nanoparticle Capping Agent." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 45, no. 18 (April 28, 2006): 2934–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200504461.

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Sari, Lusi Mustika, Yetria Rilda, and Armaini. "Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Spirulina platensis Based on Calcination Temperature Changes and Its Antioxidant Activity." Chemical Science International Journal 32, no. 4 (July 5, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/csji/2023/v32i4850.

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The effect of different calcination temperatures on molecular structure, morphology, and antioxidant activity was investigated for Zinc Oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the sol-gel method and the capping agent Spirulina platensis. The prepared nanoparticle ZnO was calcined at 160°C, 300°C, and 600°C according to the results of the DTA-TGA analysis. The effect of different calcination temperatures on the characterization of the prepared samples was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated using the DPPH method. The results showed that FT-IR and XRD confirmed the presence of ZnO nanoparticles with good purity and small crystal size found in calcified ZnO nanoparticles at 600°C. FE-SEM confirmed the morphology ZnO nanoparticle produced at 600°C calcination are spherics, cubes, and nanorods with different particle sizes with range 50 – 150 nm. ZnO nanoparticles calcined at 600°C also showed higher antioxidant activity when compared to other calcination temperatures.

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Naveed, Muhammad, Bakhtawar Bukhari, Tariq Aziz, Sumera Zaib, Muhammad Adil Mansoor, Ayaz Ali Khan, Muhammad Shahzad, et al. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Plant Extract of Acer oblongifolium and Study of Its Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activity via Mathematical Approaches." Molecules 27, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134226.

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In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized with the aqueous plant extract of Acer oblongifolium leaves were defined using a simplistic, environmentally friendly, reliable, and cost-effective method. The aqueous plant extract of Acer oblongifolium, which served as a capping and reducing agent, was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. UV visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the biosynthesized Acer oblongifolium silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) were used to test the AgNPs’ antibacterial activity. The presence of different functional groups was determined by FTIR. The AgNPs were rod-like in shape. The nanoparticles were more toxic against Escherichiacoli than both Bacillus cereus and Bacillus paramycoides. The AgNPs had IC50 values of 6.22 and 9.43 and mg/mL on HeLa and MCF-7, respectively, proving their comparatively strong potency against MCF-7. This confirmed that silver nanoparticles had strong antibacterial activity and antiproliferative ability against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. The mathematical modeling revealed that the pure nanoparticle had a high heat-absorbing capacity compared to the mixed nanoparticle. This research demonstrated that the biosynthesized Acer oblongifolium AgNPs could be used as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agent in the future.

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Chatterjee, Papiya, Nisha Gupta, and Jai Shankar Paul. "Synthesized Iron Nanoparticle via Green Approach and Evaluating its Antibacterial Potential." NewBioWorld 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/nbw-jaab.2021-3-2-7.

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Nanotechnology has found a wide range of application in almost every field such as food technology, biological remediation, agriculture, antibacterial activity, industrial and medicinal. This report mainly concerns with the work of green synthesis process used for the synthesis of FeNPs (metal salt– ferric chloride heptahydrate used as precursor) using plant leaf extract. Metal nanoparticles that are synthesized by using plants extract usually have non-toxic and eco-friendly impact. The plants used were Nirgundi (Vitex negundo) and Bael (Aegle marmelos) which acted as reducing and capping agent and also used for stabilizing the synthesised nanoparticle. The antibacterial study was investigated against two gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and two gram negative (Klebsiella oxytoca and Escherichia. coli). Characterization of iron nanoparticle was done by UV-vis spectrophotometer. This work provides a strong basis of further research and development regarding antibacterial therapeutics using plants.

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Si, Xiaomeng, Beili Yi, Lianshun Luo, Yaqi Fan, Tu Sun, Haojie Zhao, Yanli Wang, Yanhang Ma, and Lien-Yang Chou. "Nanoparticle encapsulation into 2D layered metal-organic frameworks with capping agent free interface." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 323 (August 2021): 111137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2021.111137.

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Blavo, Selasi O., Erum Qayyum, Lyndsey M. Baldyga, Vanessa A. Castillo, Maria D. Sanchez, Kneath Warrington, Mohamed A. Barakat, and John N. Kuhn. "Verification of Organic Capping Agent Removal from Supported Colloidal Synthesized Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts." Topics in Catalysis 56, no. 18-20 (July 3, 2013): 1835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-013-0120-4.

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Dzul-Kifli, Nur Athirah Che, Mohd Mustafa Awang Kechik, Hussein Baqiah, Abdul Halim Shaari, Kean Pah Lim, Soo Kien Chen, Safia Izzati Abd Sukor, et al. "Superconducting Properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ with a Multiferroic Addition Synthesized by a Capping Agent-Aided Thermal Treatment Method." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 3958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12223958.

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A bulk YBa2Cu3O7−δ (Y-123) superconductor synthesized by a thermal treatment method was added with different weight percentages (x = 0.0, 0.2, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.%) of BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticle. X-ray diffraction (XRD), alternating current susceptibility (ACS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to determine the properties of the samples. From the XRD results, all samples showed an orthorhombic crystal structure with a Pmmm space group. The sample x = 1.0 wt.% gave the highest value of Y-123. The high amounts of BFO degraded the crystallite size of the sample, showing that the addition did not promote the grain growth of Y-123. From ACS results, the Tc-onset value was shown to be enhanced by the addition of the BFO nanoparticle, where x = 1.5 wt.% gave the highest Tc value (91.91 K). The sample with 1.5 wt.% showed a high value of Tp (89.15 K). The FESEM analysis showed that the average grain size of the samples decreased as BFO was introduced. However, the small grain size was expected to fill in the boundary, which would help in enhancing the grain connectivity. Overall, the addition of the BFO nanoparticles in Y-123 helped to improve the superconducting properties, mainly for x = 1.5 wt.%.

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Janah, Indah Miftakhul, Roto Roto, and Dwi Siswanta. "Effect of Ascorbic Acid Concentration on the Stability of Tartrate-Capped Silver Nanoparticles." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 22, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.73196.

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In this work, tartrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by reducing Ag+ ions into Ag0 using L-ascorbic acid and capping disodium tartrate have been prepared. The reaction was carried out at room temperature in an alkaline medium of pH 11 to obtain a rapid and one-step green synthesis method. The effect of L-ascorbic acid concentration on the synthesis preparation was studied to investigate their impact on the particle size, morphology, and stability of the AgNPs. The obtained tartrate capped AgNPs have SPR absorbance in 390–410 nm. They have a spherical shape, as confirmed by TEM. Increasing L-ascorbic acid concentrations from 25 mM to 100 and 200 mM leads to the 27, 17, and 11 nm particle size distributions. They give the zeta potential of –33.5, –20.8, and –21.3, respectively. After a week, the decreasing absorbance peaks were 0.151, 0.0105, and 0.336 a.u. The optimum L-ascorbic acid concentration was obtained at 100 mM, indicated by the smallest FWHM point. Thus, we may conclude that lower or higher levels of reducing agents resulted in low stability. Therefore, controlling L-ascorbic acid concentration is an important parameter. A sufficient concentration and an appropriate capping agent can produce good nanoparticle stability essential for further application.

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Awada, Chawki, and Hassan Traboulsi. "Effect of pH and Nanoparticle Capping Agents on Cr (III) Monitoring in Water: A Kinetic Way to Control the Parameters of Ultrasensitive Environmental Detectors." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121045.

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In this work, we apply surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to study the kinetics of chromium Cr (III) detection in solution using EDTA and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). We examine for the first time the effect of pH and nanoparticles’ capping agent on the kinetic mechanism of Cr (III) detection using SERS temporal variations. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) and Raman shift variations show that the mechanism of detection is composed of two steps: a first one consisting of chemical coordination between Cr (III) and AgNPs that leads to exalted chemical and electromagnetic enhancement and the second one is an aggregation process with an important optical enhancement. The obtained results showed that the first step in the detection at lower pH was five times faster than in a basic medium using citrate capped silver nanoparticles (Cit-AgNPs). On the other hand, using a capping agent with dicarboxylate groups such as oxalate (Oxa-AgNPs) led to an important enhancement in SERS detection signal (more than 30 times) compared with Cit-AgNPs, although the detection kinetic’s mechanism was slower.

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Slesiona, Nicole, Sophie Thamm, H. Lisa K. S. Stolle, Viktor Weißenborn, Philipp Müller, Andrea Csáki, and Wolfgang Fritzsche. "DNA-Biofunctionalization of CTAC-Capped Gold Nanocubes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061119.

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Clinical diagnostics and disease control are fields that strongly depend on technologies for rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of biological or chemical analytes. Nanoparticles have become an integral part in various biomedical detection devices and nanotherapeutics. An increasing focus is laid on gold nanoparticles as they express less cytotoxicity, high stability, and hold unique optical properties with the ability of signal transduction of biological recognition events with enhanced analytical performance. Strong electromagnetic field enhancements can be found in close proximity to the nanoparticle that can be exploited to enhance signals for e.g., metal-enhanced fluorescence or Raman spectroscopy. Even stronger field enhancements can be achieved with sharp-edged nanoparticles, which are synthesized with the help of facet blocking agents, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/chloride (CTAB/CTAC). However, chemical modification of the nanoparticle surface is necessary to reduce the particle’s cytotoxicity, stabilize it against aggregation, and to bioconjugate it with biomolecules to increase its biocompatibility and/or specificity for analytical applications. Here, a reliable two-step protocol following a ligand exchange with bis (p-sulfonatophenyl) phenyl phosphine (BSPP) as the intermediate capping-agent is demonstrated, which results in the reliable biofunctionalization of CTAC-capped gold nanocubes with thiol-modified DNA. The functionalized nanocubes have been characterized regarding their electric potential, plasmonic properties, and stability against high concentrations of NaCl and MgCl2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoparticle Capping Agent'

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