Journal articles: 'Nanoparticles. Electromagnetic waves. Piezoelectricity'

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Sterligov, Valeriy A., and Matthias Kretschmann. "Scattering of surface electromagnetic waves by Sn nanoparticles." Optics Express 13, no. 11 (May 30, 2005): 4134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.004134.

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García de Abajo, F. J. "Electromagnetic forces and torques in nanoparticles irradiated by plane waves." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 89, no. 1-4 (November 2004): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.006.

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Miano, G., G. Rubinacci, and A. Tamburrino. "Numerical modelling of the interaction of nanoparticles with electromagnetic waves." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 26, no. 3 (June 19, 2007): 586–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640710751073.

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Zaid, Hasnah Mohd, Noor Rasyada Ahmad Latiff, Noorhana Yahya, Hasan Soleimani, and Afza Shafie. "Application of Electromagnetic Waves and Dielectric Nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery." Journal of Nano Research 26 (December 2013): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.26.135.

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Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) refers to the recovery of oil that is left behind in a reservoir after primary and secondary recovery methods, either due to exhaustion or no longer economical, through application of thermal, chemical or miscible gas processes. Most conventional methods are not applicable in recovering oil from reservoirs with high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) due to the degradation of the chemicals in the environment. As an alternative, electromagnetic (EM) energy has been used as a thermal method to reduce the viscosity of the oil in a reservoir which increased the production of the oil. Application of nanotechnology in EOR has also been investigated. In this study, a non-invasive method of injecting dielectric nanofluids into the oil reservoir simultaneously with electromagnetic irradiation, with the intention to create disturbance at oil-water interfaces and increase oil production was investigated. During the core displacement tests, it has been demonstrated that in the absence of EM irradiation, both ZnO and Al2O3 nanofluids recovered higher residual oil volumes in comparison with commercial surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). When subjected to EM irradiation, an even higher residual oil was recovered in comparison to the case when no irradiation is present. It was also demonstrated that a change in the viscosity of dielectric nanofluids when irradiated with EM wave will improve sweep efficiency and hence, gives a higher oil recovery.

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Sadrara, Mahdiyeh, and MirFaez Miri. "Scattering of electromagnetic waves by a cluster of charged spherical nanoparticles." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 33, no. 12 (November 18, 2016): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.33.002552.

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Sterligov, V. A., P. Cheyssac, S. I. Lysenko, Y. El Fidali, R. Kofman, and A. Stella. "Influence of metal nanoparticles on electromagnetic surface waves and laser light scattering." European Physical Journal D 9, no. 1 (December 1999): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530050504.

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Sterligov, V. A., P. Cheyssac, S. I. Lysenko, and R. Kofman. "Relationship between the scattering of homogeneous and evanescent electromagnetic waves by metallic nanoparticles." Optics Communications 186, no. 1-3 (December 2000): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(00)01053-1.

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Ramazanov, MA, FV Hajiyeva, AM Maharramov, and HM Mamedov. "Microwave absorption of polymer nanocomposites on the base high-density polyethylene and magnetite nanoparticles." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 51, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318768652.

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In this article, we report about the synthesis of magnetic polymer nanocomposites comprising magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles in a polyethylene (PE) matrix. The structure and composition of nanocomposite materials using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have been studied. It has been defined that the agglomeration of nanoparticles does not occur, by increasing the volume content of nanoparticles up to 60%, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles act out like single-domain particles. It has also been revealed that nanocomposites based on PE + Fe3O4 with nanoparticle content in a polymer matrix up to 60% behave like superparamagnetic particles. It has also been revealed that the PE + Fe3O4-based nanocomposites effectively absorb the electromagnetic waves in the high frequency range of 0.1–30 GHz. It is shown that the properties of ultrahigh electromagnetic waves can be varied by varying the thickness of the nanocomposite films and the concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

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El-kaliuoby, Mai I., Alaa M. Khalil, Ahmed M. El-Khatib, and Nader Shehata. "Antibacterial Synergism of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Functioned with Silver Nanoparticles and Pulsed Electromagnetic Waves." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020277.

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The over-reliance on antibiotics and their enormous misuse has led to warnings of a future without effective medicines and so, the need for alternatives to antibiotics has become a must. Non-traditional antibacterial treatment was performed by using an aray of nanocomposites synergised with exposure to electromagnetic waves. In this manuscript, electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber mats embedded with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized. The nanocomposites were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Current-Voltage (I-V) curves, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) along with analysis of antibacterial impact against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, studied by bacterial growing analysis, growth kinetics, and cellular cytotoxicity. The results indicated a spherical grain shape of silver of average size 20 nm and nanofibers’ mean diameter of less than 100 nm. The nanocomposite mats showed good exposure to bacteria and the ability to sustain release of silver for a relatively long time. Moreover, the applied electromagnetic waves (EMWs) were shown to be a synergistic co-factor in killing bacteria even at low concentrations of Ag NPs. This caused pronounced alterations of the bacterial preserved packing of the cell membrane. Thereby, the treatment with nanocomposite mats under EM wave exposure elucidated maximum inhibition for both bacterial strains. It was concluded that the functioning of nanofiber with silver nanoparticles and exposure to electromagnetic waves improved the antibacterial impact compared to each one alone.

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Yadav, Raghvendra Singh, Anju, Thaiskang Jamatia, Ivo Kuřitka, Jarmila Vilčáková, David Škoda, Pavel Urbánek, et al. "Superparamagnetic ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles-Reduced Graphene Oxide-Polyurethane Resin Based Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051112.

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Superparamagnetic ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by the sonochemical synthesis method at different ultra-sonication times of 25 min (ZS25), 50 min (ZS50), and 100 min (ZS100). The structural properties of ZnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles were controlled via sonochemical synthesis time. The average crystallite size increases from 3.0 nm to 4.0 nm with a rise of sonication time from 25 min to 100 min. The change of physical properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with the increase of sonication time was observed. The prepared ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles show superparamagnetic behavior. The prepared ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (ZS25, ZS50, and ZS100) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were embedded in a polyurethane resin (PUR) matrix as a shield against electromagnetic pollution. The ultra-sonication method has been used for the preparation of nanocomposites. The total shielding effectiveness (SET) value for the prepared nanocomposites was studied at a thickness of 1 mm in the range of 8.2–12.4 GHz. The high attenuation constant (α) value of the prepared ZS100-RGO-PUR nanocomposite as compared with other samples recommended high absorption of electromagnetic waves. The existence of electric-magnetic nanofillers in the resin matrix delivered the inclusive acts of magnetic loss, dielectric loss, appropriate attenuation constant, and effective impedance matching. The synergistic effect of ZnFe2O4 and RGO in the PUR matrix led to high interfacial polarization and, consequently, significant absorption of the electromagnetic waves. The outcomes and methods also assure an inventive and competent approach to develop lightweight and flexible polyurethane resin matrix-based nanocomposites, consisting of superparamagnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide as a shield against electromagnetic pollution.

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Lee, Kean Chuan, Muhammad Naim Mohd Sukri, Beh Hoe Guan, Hasnah Mohd Zaid, and Hassan Soleimani. "Interfacial Tension and Viscosity Alteration of Samarium Doped Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) Nanofluid under the Presence of Electromagnetic Waves." Defect and Diffusion Forum 390 (January 2019): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.390.64.

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A study is presented which implies the knowledge of rare earth magnetic anisotropy, nanotechnologies with the advancement of electromagnetic (EM) waves to induce alteration on oil-nanofluid interfacial tension (IFT) and nanofluid viscosity. The study had been done by doping of Samarium rare earth into Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) nanoparticles to improve the magnetic properties of the YIG nanoparticles. The doping process has been done by sol-gel method at 1000oC and at the pH of 7. Samarium rare earth was doped into YIG nanoparticles at different composition (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00). The results show that a Samarium doping composition at x =1.00 at pH 7 resulted in the highest nanofluid wettability, highest magnetic saturation, highest reduction in oil-water interfacial tension (IFT), and the highest alteration in viscosity. Moreover, overall of the experiment proved that when EM wave applied to the Samarium doped YIG nanofluid it had resulted in the increment of viscosity, more reduction in oil-water IFT. The experiment proved that Samarium doping into YIG nanoparticles/nanofluid (Sm-YIG) under the presence of electromagnetic waves are theoretically correct to alter oil-nanofluid IFT and nanofluid viscosity. This can be seen from the ability of Sm-YIG under the presence of EM waves effect on oil-water IFT reduction, nanofluid viscosity increment, reduction in oil-water mobility ratio and nanoparticles magnetic saturation increment.

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Nguyen, Hong Thi Minh, Duy Van Nguyen, Co Dang Nguyen, Tu Dinh Bui, and Thang Duc Pham. "Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves by Fe\(_3\)O\(_4\)/Paraffin Composite Materials." Communications in Physics 29, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/29/1/13304.

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Electromagnetic pollution in general and the harmful effects of microwave radiation in particular on environment is currently in the urgent stage. To eliminate the effect of electromagnetic energy the most common methods relies on the use of absorbing materials with large absorption capacities in wide frequency band. In this paper, we investigate the capability of absorption of electromagnetic waves of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in paraffin basis. The Fe3O4/paraffin composite materials were prepared with a weight ratio of 35%/65%. The dielectric constant (εr) and the magnetic permeability (μr) in the frequency (f) range from 8 to 18 GHz were measured for various sample thicknesses. The results indicated a large dielectric loss and strong thickness dependence of absorption capacity. The maximum absorption coefficient (RL) is of order -13.6 dB, corresponding to the achieved absorbance of 96,9% for the 2.6 mm of sample thickness. The experimental results are consisted with our simulation calculation.

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Wei, Hu, and Li Cheng. "Wave Absorption and Thermal Stability of Nickel Coated Al2O3 Core-shell Composite Powder." MATEC Web of Conferences 187 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818702004.

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As a composite cermet material, the nickel coating on the surface of alumina particles has important application value because of its good electromagnetic wave absorption performance. In this study, nickel was deposited on the surface of alumina nanopowders by hydrothermal method and sintering method. The results show that the XRD results of nickel alumina show that Ni-Al2O3 nanoparticles has FCC face-centered cubic structure. The grain size is about 50 nm. The absorption characteristics of electromagnetic waves were measured at 2-18 GHz by HP 8722 es microwave network analyzer. The results show that Ni-Al2O3 nanoparticles has certain wave-absorbing properties.

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Zaid, Hasnah Mohd, Noorhana Yahya, Majid Niaz Akhtar, and Ahmad Badruzzaman Ahmad Sallehim. "Synthesis and Characterizations of ZnO Nanoparticles for Application in Electromagnetic Detectors." Journal of Nano Research 13 (February 2011): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.13.93.

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Electromagnetic (EM) waves are able to distinguish between water and hydrocarbons due to their high difference in resistivity value. The method that uses EM technology to explore hydrocarbon is called Seabed Logging (SBL). Due to high demand of hydrocarbons, improvement of this technology is needed. The paper consists of modelling of the prototype of EM transmitter and receiver for hydrocarbons exploration. EM transmitter consists of carbon nanotubes (CNT), aluminium wire with magnetic feeder in toroidal shape. ZnO-CNTs-PVDF composites are used for EM detection. The XRD analysis showed a clear diffraction peak of [101] plane at 36°C of the 2θ. Raman spectra were obtained for ZnO synthesised at 200°C and 300°C temperatures. The initial permeability, Q-factor and relative loss factor were measured using vector network analyser. Results show high value of Q-factor (~43) of the ZnO-CNTs at frequency between 20-30 MHz. The nanoparticles also show low relative loss factor for frequencies above 10 MHz. The grain size, morphology and shape of the particles were characterized using FESEM and revealed rod-like structures. The CNT dipole transmitter system using improved CNT dipole antenna and CNT-ZnO detector record an enhancement of 192% and can be used for hydrocarbon detection.

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Vlasov, A. A. "Complication of the spectrum of electromagnetic waves scattered by charged nanoparticles with allowance for radiation reaction." Moscow University Physics Bulletin 62, no. 3 (June 2007): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0027134907030010.

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Baig, Mirza Khurram, Hassan Soleimani, Noorhana Yahya, and Maziyar Sabet. "Magnetic Behavior of Ni/NiO Core–Shell Nanoparticles under Electromagnetic Waves for Oil–Water Interfacial Tension Reduction." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 28, no. 9 (September 2019): 5882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04301-x.

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Cruz, André, Victor Dmitriev, Tommaso Del Rosso, and Karlo Costa. "Electromagnetic Model of a SPR Sensor Coupled to Array of Nanoparticles by Periodic Green’s Function." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (July 16, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7548243.

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In this paper, we present a theoretical study of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor in the Surface Plasmon Coupled Emission (SPCE) configuration. A periodic planar array of core-shell gold nanoparticles (AuNps), chemically functionalized to aggregate fluorescent molecules, is coupled to the sensor structure. These nanoparticles, characterized as target particles, are modeled as equivalent nanodipoles. The electromagnetic modeling of the device was performed using the spectral representation of the magnetic potential by Periodic Green’s Function (PGF). Parametric results of spatial electric and magnetic fields are presented at wavelength 632.8nm. We also present a spectral analysis of the magnetic potential, where we verify the appearance of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves. To validate the analytical method, we compared the limit case of small concentration of nanoparticles with published works. We also present a convergence analysis of the solution as a function of the concentration of nanoparticles in the periodic array. The results show that the theoretical method of PFG can be efficiently used as a tool for design of this sensing device.

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Soleimani, Hasan, Noorhana Yahya, Noor Rasyada Ahmad Latiff, Hasnah Mohd Zaid, Birol Demiral, and Jamshid Amighian. "Novel Enhanced Oil Recovery Method Using Co²⁺_xFe²⁺_1-xFe³⁺₂O₄ as Magnetic Nanoparticles Activated by Electromagnetic Waves." Journal of Nano Research 26 (December 2013): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.26.111.

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Research on the application of nanoparticles, specifically magnetic nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery has been increasing in recent years due to their potential to increase the oil production despite having to interact with reservoirs of high salinity, high pressure and temperature and un-natural pH. Unlike other conventional EOR agents e.g. surfactants and polymers, a harsh environment will cause degradation and failure to operate. Magnetic nanoparticles which are activated by a magnetic field are anticipated to have the ability to travel far into the oil reservoir and assist in the displacement of the trapped oil. In this work, ferromagnetic Co2+xFe2+1-xFe3+2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized for their morphological, structural and magnetic properties. At a composition x = 0.75, this nanomaterial shows its best magnetisation parameters i.e. highest value of saturation magnetization, remanence and coercivity of 65.23 emu/g, 12.18 emu/g and 239.10 Oe, respectively. Subsequently, a dispersion of 0.01 wt% Co2+0.75Fe2+0.25Fe3+2O4 nanoparticles in distilled water was used for core flooding test to validate its feasibility in enhanced oil recovery. In a core flooding test, the effect of electromagnetic waves irradiation to activate the magnetization of Co2+0.75Fe2+0.25Fe3+2O4 nanofluid was also investigated by irradiating a 78 MHz square wave to the porous medium while nanofluid injection was taking place. In conclusion, an almost 20% increment in the recovery of oil was obtained with the application of electromagnetic waves in 2 pore volumes injection of a Co2+0.75Fe2+0.25Fe3+2O4 nanofluid.

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Yatsyshen, Valeriy, Irina Potapova, and Vyacheslav Shipaev. "Polaritons in Nanocomposites of Metal Nanoparticles – Dielectric." NBI Technologies, no. 2 (October 2019): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nbit.jvolsu.2019.2.7.

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The article studies the main characteristics of surface polaritons in composite nanomaterials. The authors consider composite media such as noble metal nanoparticles randomly distributed in a transparent dielectric matrix and build dispersion curves of polaritons in such nanocomposites. The paper shows calculating optical parameters of the surface polariton for several values of the radius of metal nanoparticles and the nanocomposite filling parameter. The authors also present the calculations of the complex refractive index for polaritons in composites with nanoparticles of different metals. In addition, the authors find the dependences of the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index of the nanocomposite on the normalized frequency for membranes with different thicknesses and calculate real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant for waves in several metals. Besides, the article provides an overview of important stages in the study of surface electromagnetic waves. It shows that the variation of the structure materials, size and concentration of nanoparticles opens wide possibilities for controlling the optical properties of composite mediums and their practical application. The considered nanocomposites are artificially created media whose material parameters can be controlled. The first method consists in changing the relative volume of the nanoparticles filling of the dielectric matrix. The second method consists in changing the dielectric constant of the nanocomposite matrix. The authors emphasize that the dielectric constant of the nanocomposite in this case acquires resonant properties in contrast to the permeability of the nanoparticles themselves.

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Ramazanov, M. A., F. V. Hajiyeva, H. A. Shirinova, and H. M. Mamedov. "The relation between the composition, structure and absorption properties of ultra-high frequency radio waves of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/magnetite nanocomposites." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 10 (April 20, 2019): 1950083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219500838.

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In the presented work, nanocomposites based on poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared. The structure and content of nanocomposite materials were studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic-force microscope (AFM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Magnetic properties of PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4 nanocomposites have been studied upon increasing nanoparticle content in polymer matrix upto 20%, revealing superparamagnetic behavior as Fe3O4 nanoparticles in polymer matrix act out like single-domain particles. It has also been observed that PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4-based nanocomposites can absorb the electromagnetic waves in the high frequency range 0.1–30 GHz. It has been shown that the absorption of high frequency radio waves by PVDF[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be explained by the different molecular structures and also by the scattering of the radio waves at the boundary of nanoparticle-polymer matrix.

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Soleimani, Hassan, Noor Rasyada Ahmad Latiff, Noorhana Yahya, Hasnah Mohd Zaid, Maziyar Sabet, Beh Hoe Guan, and Kean Chuan Lee. "Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Crystallization of Hematite-Alumina (Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃) Nanocomposite and its Influence in EOR Application." Journal of Nano Research 29 (December 2014): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.29.105.

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Usage of magnetic materials is not unusual in oil and gas research, specifically in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) where various magnetic micro-and nanoparticles were used to enhance sweep efficiency, reducing interfacial tension and heat generation. Magnetic nanoparticles which are activated by a magnetic field are anticipated to have the ability to travel far into the oil reservoir and assist in the displacement of the trapped oil. In this work, magnetic Fe2O3-Al2O3 nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized for its morphological, structural and magnetic properties. At an annealing temperature of 900°C, this nanomaterial starts to exhibit magnetization as the composite structure crystallizes to the stable Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Subsequently, dispersion of the 0.01 wt% Fe2O3-Al2O3 nanocomposite in distilled water was used for displacement tests to validate its feasibility to be applied in EOR. In the displacement test, the effect of electromagnetic waves on the magnetization of Fe2O3-Al2O3 nanofluid was also investigated by irradiating a 13.6 MHz square wave to the porous medium while nanofluid injection is taking place. In conclusion, an almost 20% increment in the recovery of oil was obtained with the application of electromagnetic waves in 2.4 pore volumes (PV) injection of Fe2O3-Al2O3 nanofluid.

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AL-Kinani, Zahraa Ibrahim, and Firas Faeq K. Hussain. "A Review of Plasmonic Photonic Crystal Fiber." Muthanna Journal of Pure Science 7, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 38–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/2/07.02.2020/38-66.

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"Nanophotonics technology is the study of the confinement of electromagnetic fields on a subwavelength scale and surface plasmons plays a major role in advancing this arising field. They can take various forms, ranging from freely propagating electron density waves along metal surfaces to localized electron oscillations on metal nanoparticles. The interaction between the free electrons' oscillations and electromagnetic waves of light gives the surface plasmons their appealing characteristics. Their ability of light confinement and propagation through subwavelength structures grants the construction of photonic devices with minimum size, hence the characterize and design of plasmonic devices can be resolved using numerical simulation. This review starts with general introduction about Plasmonic photonic crystal fiber. This is followed by a historical background and literature review of Plasmonic PCF. Some types of designs are illustrated. Finally, the applications of Plasmonic PCF are mentioned dependent on the types of design including the circular plasmonic photonic crystal fiber technique.

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Das, S., B. Barman, R. N. Jana, and O. D. Makinde. "Hall and Ion Slip Currents’ Impact on Electromagnetic Blood Flow Conveying Hybrid Nanoparticles Through an Endoscope with Peristaltic Waves." BioNanoScience 11, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 770–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-021-00873-y.

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Liu, Hui, Ling Li, Guangzhen Cui, Xinxin Wang, Zhi Zhang, and Xuliang Lv. "Heterostructure Composites of CoS Nanoparticles Decorated on Ti3C2Tx Nanosheets and Their Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091666.

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As a typical two-dimensional material, MXene possesses excellent conductivity and tunable interlayer space, which makes it have an impressive development potential in the field of electromagnetic (EM) waves absorbing materials. In this work, we fabricated a sandwich structure CoS@Ti3C2Tx composite using a simple solvothermal process. The CoS nanoparticles are anchored on the Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets, forming a heterolayered structure. The results demonstrate that the CoS@Ti3C2Tx composites with the sandwich-like architecture showed excellent EM absorbing performance due to the synergistic effects of the conductivity loss, interface polarization, and dipole polarization. When the doping ratio was 40 wt %, the maximum reflection loss value of CoS@Ti3C2Tx was up to –59.2 dB at 14.6 GHz, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (below –10 dB) reached 5.0 GHz when the thickness was only 2.0 mm. This work endows a new candidate for the design of MXene-based absorption materials with optimal performance.

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Yahya, Noorhana, Muhammad Kashif, Nadeem Nasir, Majid Niaz Akhtar, and Noorasikin Mohd Yusof. "Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles: An Innovative Approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application." Journal of Nano Research 17 (February 2012): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.17.115.

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This Paper Describes the Synthesis of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles and their Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles Were Used as Ferrite Magnetic Feeders with Antenna to Improve the Magnetic Field Strength and Cobalt Ferrite Nanofluid to Improve Oil Recovery. Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles Were Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method. these Nanoparticles Were then Characterized by Using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Annealed at 600oC, the Particle Size Is 51.17nm and 26nm as Determined by XRD and FESEM, Respectively while for the Sample Annealed at 800oC, the Particle Size Is 62nm as Determined by XRD and 60 Nm as Determined by FESEM. Magnetic Measurement Results Show that Initial Permeability of Cobalt Ferrite Powder Increased and Relative Loss Factor Decreased at High Frequency. in Order to Improve the Oil Recovery, Nanoparticles Were Used in Two Different Experiments. in the First Experiment, Nanoparticles Were Used as Magnetic Feeders with an Antenna to Improve the Magnetic Field Strength. in the Second Experiment, Nanoparticles Were Used as Nanofluids. Results Show that the Antenna with Magnetic Feeders Increases the Magnetic Field Strength by 0.94% as Compared to Antenna without Magnetic Feeders in the Water, and by 5.90% in the Air. Magnitude versus Offset (MVO) Study of Antenna with Magnetic Feeders Shows an Increase in Magnetic Field Strength of 275% as Compared to Antenna without Magnetic Feeders. it Is Found that Antenna with Magnetic Feeders Was Able to Recover 29.50% and 20.82% of Original Oil in Place (OOIP) in Core Rock Samples A-1 and A-2 Respectively. the Use of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles as a Nanofluid with Electromagnetic Waves Yielded a Higher Recovery of Residual Oil in Place (ROIP) which Is 31.58% as Compared to 8.70% when it Was Used as Nanofluid Alone. it Is Investigated that due to Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves by Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles the Oil Viscosity Reduces which Increase the Oil Recovery. it Can Be Concluded that the Synthesised Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles Can Be Potentially Used for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Future.

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Wu, Yu Deng, and Guang Jun Ren. "Study of Enhanced Surface Raman Scattering on Nano-Particle in Terahertz Range." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.108.

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Researched the surface-enhanced Raman scattering on nanoparticle in terahertz range, and proved the existence of the same phenomenon-Raman enhancements in the terahertz band. By studying the electromagnetic enhancement principle of surface-enhanced Raman scattering, proposed to using finite difference time-domain to simulate the surface-enhanced Raman scattering of nanoparticles in the terahertz irradiated. Simulation results show that the FDTD method can effectively simulate the scattering of nanoparticles in terahertz band, resulting in surface-enhanced Raman scattering from the visible and infrared bands extended to the terahertz band, and the result provides basis for terahertz waves and surface-enhanced Raman scattering the combined application.

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Mohammadi Estakhri, Nasim, Christos Argyropoulos, and Andrea Alù. "Graded metascreens to enable a new degree of nanoscale light management." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2049 (August 28, 2015): 20140351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0351.

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Optical metasurfaces, typically referred to as two-dimensional metamaterials, are arrays of engineered subwavelength inclusions suitably designed to tailor the light properties, including amplitude, phase and polarization state, over deeply subwavelength scales. By exploiting anomalous localized interactions of surface elements with optical waves, metasurfaces can go beyond the functionalities offered by conventional diffractive optical gratings. The innate simplicity of implementation and the distinct underlying physics of their wave–matter interaction distinguish metasurfaces from three-dimensional metamaterials and provide a valuable means of moulding optical waves in the desired manner. Here, we introduce a general approach based on the electromagnetic equivalence principle to develop and synthesize graded, non-periodic metasurfaces to generate arbitrarily prescribed distributions of electromagnetic waves. Graded metasurfaces are realized with a single layer of spatially modulated, electrically polarizable nanoparticles, tailoring the scattering response of the surface with nanoscale resolutions. We discuss promising applications based on the proposed local wave management technique, including the design of ultrathin optical carpet cloaks, alignment-free polarization beam splitters and a novel approach to enable broadband light absorption enhancement in thin-film solar cells. This concept opens up a practical route towards efficient planarized optical structures with potential impact on the integrated nanophotonic technology.

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Sizonenko, O. N., E. G. Grigoryev, N. S. Pristash, A. D. Zaichenko, A. S. Torpakov, Ye V. Lypian, V. A. Tregub, A. G. Zholnin, A. V. Yudin, and A. A. Kovalenko. "Plasma Methods of Obtainment of Multifunctional Composite Materials, Dispersion-Hardened by Nanoparticles." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 9 (September 26, 2017): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0049.

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AbstractHigh voltage electric discharge (HVED) in disperse system “hydrocarbon liquid – powder” due to impact of plasma discharge channel, electromagnetic fields, shock waves mechanical impact, hydro flows and volume microcavitation leads to synthesis of nanocarbon, metal powders dispersion and synthesis of micro- (from 10−6 to 10−7 m) and nanosized (from 10−7 to 10−9 m) composite powders of hardening phases. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of powder mixtures allows targeted control of grain growth rate and thus allows obtainment of multifunctional composite materials dispersion hardened by nanoparticles. Processes of HVED synthesis of micro- and nanosized powders of new compositions from elemental metal powders and their mixtures with the subsequent application of high-speed SPS of obtained powders create conditions for increase of strength (by 10–20 %), hardness and wear-resistance (by 30–60 %) of obtained materials.

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Ramazanov, M. A., F. V. Hajiyeva, A. M. Maharramov, Luca Di Palma, Diana Sannino, Makoto Takafuji, H. M. Mammadov, U. A. Hasanova, H. A. Shirinova, and Z. A. Bayramova. "New Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites on the Basis of Isotactic Polypropylene and Magnetite Nanoparticles for Adsorption of Ultrahigh Frequency Electromagnetic Waves." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 57, no. 5 (December 27, 2017): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2017.1320721.

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Mironyuk, I. F., L. M. Soltys, T. R. Tatarchuk, and Kh O. Savka. "Methods of Titanium Dioxide Synthesis (Review)." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.3.462-477.

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TiO2-based nanomaterials are attracting much attention in many areas, such as photocatalysis, photoelectricity, probing, electrochromism, photochromism, etc. They are widely used in paints, polymers, sunscreens, and toothpaste. There are various ways of synthesis that affect the size, shape, and crystallinity of TiO2 nanoparticles. The main methods of obtaining titanium dioxide (with the structure of anatase, rutile or brookite) in the form of spheres, rods, fibers, and tubes include: sol-gel technology, hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, microwave method involving high-frequency electromagnetic waves, template method, electrodeposition, a sonochemical method using ultrasound, chemical and physical vapor deposition, "green" methods, etc. This literature review presents modern scientific results on the production of TiO2 nanoparticles by various methods.

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Jaksic, Zoran, Marko Obradov, Slobodan Vukovic, and Milivoj Belic. "Plasmonic enhancement of light trapping in photodetectors." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 27, no. 2 (2014): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1402183j.

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We consider the possibility to use plasmonics to enhance light trapping in such semiconductor detectors as solar cells and infrared detectors for night vision. Plasmonic structures can transform propagating electromagnetic waves into evanescent waves with the local density of states vastly increased within subwavelength volumes compared to the free space, thus surpassing the conventional methods for photon management. We show how one may utilize plasmonic nanoparticles both to squeeze the optical field into the active region and to increase the optical path by Mie scattering, apply ordered plasmonic nanocomposites (subwavelength plasmonic crystals or plasmonic metamaterials), or design nanoantennas to maximize absorption within the detector. We show that many approaches used for solar cells can be also utilized in infrared range if different redshifting strategies are applied.

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Madhu, B. J., Mohammed Irfan, A. Manjunath, N. P. Divya, S. S. Mahesh, and B. Shruthi. "Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Optical, Dielectric and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance of Polystyrene Films." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 8, no. 1 (January 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2020010102.

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In the present work, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are synthesized using solvothermal technique. Polystyrene-ZnO (PS/ZnO) nanocomposite films are synthesized by solution casting procedure. PS/ZnO films are analyzed by XRD, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The addition of ZnO into the PS film is found to decrease the optical band gap (OBG) from 4.07 eV to 1.86 eV. Frequency dependence of dielectric constant (ε′), loss tangent (tanδ), ac conductivity (σac) and electromagnetic (EM) interference shielding effectiveness (SE) studies have been undertaken on the pure PS and PS/ZnO films. Insertion of ZnO into pure PS polymer matrix is found to enhance ε′, tanδ, σac, and SE considerably. The ε′ and tanδ were reduced with an enhancement in the frequency. σac of PS/ZnO nanocomposites was enhanced with rise in frequency and electrical conduction process in PS/ZnO film is in agreement with an electron-hopping model. EM interference SE is reduced with rise in the frequency. PS/ZnO films were proven as a favorable functional substance for the absorbing of EM waves at lower frequencies.

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Peymanfar, Reza, Farzaneh Azadi, and Yousef Yassi. "Preparation and Characterization of CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles by the Sol-Gel Method and Investigation of Its Microwave Absorption Properties at Ku-Band Frequency Using Silicone Rubber." Proceedings 2, no. 17 (May 14, 2018): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecms2018-05218.

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Recently, using microwave devices that emit electromagnetic waves and enhance the convenience of life have increased; however, they can be harmful to the environment. In this study, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared through the conventional sol-gel procedure and then were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vector network analyzer (VNA) using S parameters. Results illustrated that pure crystal structure of magnetic nanoparticles has been synthesized by the sol-gel method with magnetic saturation (Ms) of 22 emu/g. Finally, CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were composited by silicone rubber to investigate its microwave absorption properties. Results showed that the CuFe2O4/silicone rubber nanocomposite absorbed more than 94.87% of the microwave irradiation at ku-band frequency with 1.7 mm thickness and the maximum reflection loss was −60.38 dB at 16.1 GHz. Magnetic and dielectric properties of the CuFe2O4 nanoparticles and silicone rubber polymeric matrix in the nanocomposite demonstrated desirable microwave absorption properties.

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Liu, Chang, Xiaoling Wang, Xin Huang, Xuepin Liao, and Bi Shi. "Absorption and Reflection Contributions to the High Performance of Electromagnetic Waves Shielding Materials Fabricated by Compositing Leather Matrix with Metal Nanoparticles." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 16 (April 3, 2018): 14036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b01562.

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Adil, Muhammad, Kean Chuan Lee, Hasnah Mohd Zaid, and Takaaki Manaka. "Role of Phase-Dependent Dielectric Properties of Alumina Nanoparticles in Electromagnetic-Assisted Enhanced Oil Recovery." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10101975.

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The utilization of metal-oxide nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has generated considerable research interest to increase the oil recovery. Among these nanoparticles, alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs) have proved promising in improving the oil recovery mechanism due to their prominent thermal properties. However, more significantly, these nanoparticles, coupled with electromagnetic (EM) waves, can be polarized to reduce water/oil mobility ratio and create disturbances at the oil/nanofluid interface, so that oil can be released from the reservoir rock surfaces and travelled easily to the production well. Moreover, alumina exists in various transition phases (γ, δ, θ, κ, β, η, χ), providing not only different sizes and morphologies but phase-dependent dielectric behavior at the applied EM frequencies. In this research, the oil recovery mechanism under EM fields of varying frequencies was investigated, which involved parameters such as mobility ratio, interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability. The displacement tests were conducted in water-wet sandpacks at 95 °C, by employing crude oil from Tapis. Alumina nanofluids (Al2O3-NFs) of four different phases (α, κ, θ and γ) and particle sizes (25–94.3 nm) were prepared by dispersing 0.01 wt. % NPs in brine (3 wt. % NaCl) together with SDBS as a dispersant. Three sequential injection scenarios were performed in each flooding scheme: (i) preflushes brine as a secondary flooding, (ii) conventional nano/EM-assisted nanofluid flooding, and (iii) postflushes brine to flush NPs. Compared to conventional nanofluid flooding (3.03–11.46% original oil in place/OOIP) as incremental oil recovery, EM-assisted nanofluid flooding provided an increase in oil recovery by approximately 4.12–12.90% of OOIP for different phases of alumina. It was established from these results that the recovery from EM-assisted nanofluid flooding is itself dependent on frequency, which is associated with good dielectric behavior of NPs to formulate the oil recovery mechanism including (i) mobility ratio improvement due to an electrorheological (ER) effect, (ii) interfacial disturbances by the oil droplet deformation, and (iii) wettability alteration by increased surface-free energy.

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Lau, Zhen Yin, Kean Chuan Lee, Hassan Soleimani, and Hoe Guan Beh. "Experimental Study of Electromagnetic-Assisted Rare-Earth Doped Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) Nanofluids on Wettability and Interfacial Tension Alteration." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 3806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203806.

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Applications of nanoparticles (NPs) in the Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method has become a major research field as nanoparticles are found to be able to interfere with the interfacial tension and wettability of multiphase fluids within the reservoir formation with or without the irradiance of the electromagnetic (EM) waves. For future EOR usage, a material with high temperature stability and low losses under oscillating wave is recommended, Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG). This paper describes the synthesis of rare-earth doped YIG (RE-YIG, RE = (Lanthanum (La), Neodymium (Nd) and Samarium (Sm)) and the roles of rare-earth in alteration of magnetic properties. These magnetic properties are believed to have direct relation with the change in wettability, viscosity and interfacial tension of YIG nanofluids. Here we prepared the Y2.8R0.2Fe5O12 (R = La, Nd, Sm) NPs using the sol-gel auto-combustion technique and further annealed at 1000 °C for 3 h. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images reveal the particles having grain size ranging from 100–200 nm with high crystallinity and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) shows varying shift of the peak position due to the bigger size of the rare-earth ions which resulted in structural distortion. The wettability of the nanofluid for all samples shows overall reduction under the influence of EM waves. On the other hand, the interfacial tension (IFT) and viscosity of RE-YIG nanofluids has lower value than the pure YIG nanofluids and decreases when the ionic radius of rare-earth decreases. Sm-YIG has the highest magnitude in IFT and magnetization saturation of 23.54 emu/g which suggests the increase in magnetization might contribute to higher surface tension of oil-nanofluid interface.

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Maamoun, Walaa, Mohamed I. Badawi, Ayman A. Aly, and Y. Khedr. "Nanoparticles in enhancing microwave imaging and microwave Hyperthermia effect for liver cancer treatment." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2021-0014.

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Abstract Hyperthermia therapy is a promising therapy for liver cancer treatment that utilizes external electromagnetic waves to heat the tumor zone to preferentially kill or minimize cancer cells. Nevertheless, it’s a challenge to realize localized heating of the cancer tissue without harming the surrounding healthy tissue. This research proposes to utilize nanoparticles as microwave absorbers to enhance microwave imaging and achieve localized hyperthermia therapy. A realistic 3D abdomen model has been segmented using 3D Slicer segmentation software, and then the obtained segmented CAD model exported to Computer Simulation Technology (CST STUDIO) for applying the Finite Element Modeling (FEM). Next investigating both imaging and treatment capability. Finally, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature distribution were computed without nanoparticles and with different types of nanoparticles such as gold (GNPs) and silver nanoparticles at frequency 915 MHz. By comparing the achived results, it was seen that Silver nanoparticles can make a great enhancement in raising the temperature. However, this result was unsatisfactory but, after adding gold nanoparticles the temperature exceed 42°C, at frequency 915 MHz which is achieving the hyperthermia treatment without harming the nearby healthy tissue, GNPs also can achieve a great enhancement in SAR result

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BARUAH, SUNANDAN, RAHMAN FAIZUR RAFIQUE, and JOYDEEP DUTTA. "VISIBLE LIGHT PHOTOCATALYSIS BY TAILORING CRYSTAL DEFECTS IN ZINC OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES." Nano 03, no. 05 (October 2008): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329200800126x.

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The photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide ( ZnO ) nanoparticles, films and nanowires as a potential visible light photocatalyst is presented in this work. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in different alcoholic solvents. Crystal defects were introduced either by doping the crystallites with manganese or by fast crystallization (using microwave irradiation during synthesis). ZnO , with a band gap of 3.37 eV, normally absorbs electromagnetic waves in the ultraviolet region, but introducing defects into its crystal lattice can shift the absorption more toward the visible light band from 400 nm to 700 nm by creating intermediate states which inhibit electron–hole recombination. The undoped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using microwaves showed comparable photocatalytic activities to the doped samples using the conventional heating method. To increase the effective surface area of the photocatalyst, ZnO nanowires were grown by a solution-based technique. Methylene blue degradation was observed to be enhanced in the presence of the ZnO nanowires compared to the ZnO nanoparticles. Intentional defect creation in photocatalysts could be an attractive possibility to apply in the visible light photocatalytic degradation studies.

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Mandke, Mohanrao V., and Habib M. Pathan. "Multipole Surface Plasmon Resonance in Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 02 (April 2014): 1450014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14500148.

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Electrodeposition is a convenient, economical and template-free tool to create the gold nanostructures. A two-electrode electrochemical process is used for the deposition process. In this method by controlling the deposition time and electrode potential, nearly spherical and rod-like gold nanostructures were synthesized through the reduction of Chlorauric acid with citric acid as a complexing agent. Spherical gold nanostructures of different size around 2 nm to 30 nm and rod-like nanostructures with an aspect ratio 0.5 were grown directly on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate. The growth mechanism of gold nanostructures is explained with the help of oriented attachment process. The contact angle measurement showed the hydrophilic nature of gold nanostructures using water with contact angle of about 56°. The optical properties showed a dipole, quadrupole and an octupole plasmon resonance mode at around 625 nm, 530 nm and 422 nm respectively. The dipole resonance peak extends further to give a broad absorption band in the near infrared region of electromagnetic waves. The refractive index sensitivity of gold nanoparticles in various solvents was investigated by calculating the red shift of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks. The quadrupole plasmon resonance mode showed maximum SPR sensitivity as compared to dipole and octupole plasmon resonance mode. The controlled formation of gold nanoparticles with variation of SPR over wide range of visible region supports the potential applications in biosensors, nanoelectronics and plasmon enhanced light absorption in photovoltaics, etc.

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Dong, Jun, Zhenglong Zhang, Hairong Zheng, and Mentao Sun. "Recent Progress on Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence." Nanophotonics 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 472–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0028.

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AbstractThe optically generated collective electron density waves on metal–dielectric boundaries known as surface plasmons have been of great scientific interest since their discovery. Being electromagnetic waves on gold or silver nanoparticle’s surface, localised surface plasmons (LSP) can strongly enhance the electromagnetic field. These strong electromagnetic fields near the metal surfaces have been used in various applications like surface enhanced spectroscopy (SES), plasmonic lithography, plasmonic trapping of particles, and plasmonic catalysis. Resonant coupling of LSPs to fluorophore can strongly enhance the emission intensity, the angular distribution, and the polarisation of the emitted radiation and even the speed of radiative decay, which is so-called plasmon enhanced fluorescence (PEF). As a result, more and more reports on surface-enhanced fluorescence have appeared, such as SPASER-s, plasmon assisted lasing, single molecule fluorescence measurements, surface plasmoncoupled emission (SPCE) in biological sensing, optical orbit designs etc. In this review, we focus on recent advanced reports on plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF). First, the mechanism of PEF and early results of enhanced fluorescence observed by metal nanostructure will be introduced. Then, the enhanced substrates, including periodical and nonperiodical nanostructure, will be discussed and the most important factor of the spacer between molecule and surface and wavelength dependence on PEF is demonstrated. Finally, the recent progress of tipenhanced fluorescence and PEF from the rare-earth doped up-conversion (UC) and down-conversion (DC) nanoparticles (NPs) are also commented upon. This review provides an introduction to fundamentals of PEF, illustrates the current progress in the design of metallic nanostructures for efficient fluorescence signal amplification that utilises propagating and localised surface plasmons.

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Makeev, G. S., and O. A. Golovanov. "Propagation of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic nanostructural materials based on 3D lattices of oriented carbon nanotubes with magnetic nanoparticles in the microwave band." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 60, no. 11 (November 2015): 1191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226915060133.

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Gao, Xuehua, Xiangyi Wu, and Jun Qiu. "High Electromagnetic Waves Absorbing Performance of a Multilayer-Like Structure Absorber Containing Activated Carbon Hollow Porous Fibers-Carbon Nanotubes and Fe3 O4 Nanoparticles." Advanced Electronic Materials 4, no. 5 (March 25, 2018): 1700565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aelm.201700565.

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43

Koledov, V. V., V. G. Shavrov, N. V. Shahmirzadi, T. Pakizeh, A. P. Kamantsev, D. S. Kalenov, M. P. Parkhomenko, et al. "Interaction of electromagnetic waves with VO2 nanoparticles and films in optical and millimetre wave ranges: Prospective for nano-photonics, nano-antennas, and sensors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1092 (September 2018): 012108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1092/1/012108.

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CHEN, XUE-GANG, YING YE, SHUANG-SHUANG LV, and JI-PENG CHENG. "PREPARATION AND MICROWAVE ABSORPTION OF MICRO-FIBROUS Fe/C NANOCOMPOSITE." Functional Materials Letters 05, no. 04 (December 2012): 1250036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604712500361.

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Wide-band absorption with low density is essential for microwave absorbers. We fabricated a novel micro-fibrous Fe/C nanocomposite with bulk density of only 0.47 ± 0.03 g cm-3 using carbonized cotton fibers as template. Monodisperse iron nanoparticles with diameter of about 100 nm covered on the fibers and significantly increased the complex permittivity and permeability, and therefore enhanced the reflection loss (RL) for electromagnetic waves. The optimum thickness for the nanocomposite is 1.5–1.8 mm, with maximum RL of -14 dB and bandwidth of RL < -5 dB from 10 to 18 GHz, similar to that of Fe/C nanocomposite without using carbonized cotton fibers. Because of its low density and broad bandwidth at thin matching thickness, micro-fibrous Fe/C nanocomposite is a promising light-weight microwave absorber.

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45

Calì, Federico, Valentina Cantaro, Luca Fichera, Roberta Ruffino, Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto, Giovanni Li-Destri, and Nunzio Tuccitto. "Carbon Quantum Dots from Lemon Waste Enable Communication among Biodevices." Chemosensors 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9080202.

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A bioinspired method of communication among biodevices based on fluorescent nanoparticles is herein presented. This approach does not use electromagnetic waves but rather the exchange of chemical systems—a method known as molecular communication. The example outlined was based on the fluorescence properties of carbon dots and follows a circular economy approach as the method involves preparation from the juice of lemon waste. The synthesis is herein presented, and the fluorescence properties and diffusion coefficient are evaluated. The application of carbon dots to molecular communication was studied from a theoretical point of view by numerically solving the differential equation that governs the phenomenon. The theoretical results were used to develop a prototype molecular communication platform that enables the communication of simple messages via aqueous fluids to a fluorescence-detecting biodevice receiver.

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46

Zhang, Liangmin. "Optical Conduction Resonance in Self-Assembled Metal Nanoparticle Array-Dielectric Thin Films." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (December 10, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8540805.

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Optical conduction resonance- (OCR-) enhanced third-order optical nonlinearity of two dimensional (2D) periodic gold nanoparticle array-dielectric thin films has been investigated. The third-order optical susceptibility of periodic gold nanoparticle array embedded in silica thin film shows ~104 enhancement comparing to gold nanoparticle colloids. The 2D gold nanoparticle arrays were synthesized by using the electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) technique. During the fabrication process, the positively or negatively functionalized gold nanoparticles are automatically self-aligned to establish a 2D array with a very small interparticle spacing due to the polymer shell on the metal particles. Then, a monolayer of silica can be coated on the top of the 2D metal nanoparticle array. This type of 2D gold nanoparticle array-dielectric thin films has high volume fraction of gold nanoparticles. According to the extended Maxwell-Garnett theory, this kind of films can exhibit OCR. The OCR frequency can be tuned from visible to mid-infrared by controlling the gold nanoparticle volume fraction. During OCR, the real part of the composite dielectric constant is zero to make the induced electromagnetic waves in gold nanoparticles to couple effectively within the film. The open-aperture z-scan technique is used to measure the nonlinear optical properties of the ESA films.

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Shafie, Afza, Noorhana Yahya, Muhammad Kashif, Hasnah Mohd Zaid, Hasan Soleimani, and Mohamad Sahban Alnarabiji. "The Band Structures of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and ZnO Nanoparticles Used for Oil Recovery in Water Flooding System." Journal of Nano Research 26 (December 2013): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.26.101.

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A major challenge for the oil industry is increasing the oil recovery from reservoirs. Nanofluid injection with the aid of electromagnetic (EM) waves can improve oil recovery. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesised using a sol-gel method and characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Nanofluids of SWCNT and zinc oxide (ZnO) were used in this oil recovery study. It was observed that curved antennae with magnetic feeders gave a 472% larger D-field signal than those without magnetic feeders. The Dmol3 simulations showed that the band gap of ZnO is 1.088 eV, and the band gap of the SWCNT was 0.326 eV. The particle sizes of the ZnO nanoparticles were in the range of 30-39 nm. FESEM and HRTEM images showed that the samples were highly crystalline, and the grain size increased as the temperature increased. As a result, these nanoparticles were suitable for the preparation of the nanofluid and oil recovery applications. Oil recovery using 0.001% (w/w) ZnO nanofluid and EM was 16.10 % of OOIP, and using 0.01% SWNT nanofluid yielded an oil recovery of 23 ROIP %. These results imply that injecting a ZnO oxide nanofluid of 0.001% w/w coupled with a curved antenna and magnetic feeders has the potential to improve oil recovery in waterflooding systems.

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Makeeva, G. S., and O. A. Golovanov. "Diffraction of millimeter-wavelength electromagnetic waves by nanostructure material specimens based on 3D lattices of carbon nanotubes with magnetic nanoparticles and of magnetic nanowires in a waveguide." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 61, no. 1 (January 2016): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226915120189.

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HEKMATIMOGHADDAM, SEYEDHOSSEIN, ALI JEBALI, and MANDANA DARGAHI. "FOLIC ACID-FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES: THEIR CYTOTOXIC EFFECT ON CANCEROUS MYELOID CELLS WITH MICROWAVE IRRADIATION." Nano LIFE 03, no. 02 (June 2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984413500037.

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Introduction: Metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver nanoparticles have attracted much interest during the last decades for their special chemical and physical properties. Gold and silver nanoparticles can be functionalized with active biologic moieties like antibodies, drugs and chemicals, enabling them to react with specific cells. Furthermore, penetration and cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles can be increased by electromagnetic waves such as infrared, ultraviolet, radiofrequency and microwave. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of cell cytotoxicity induced by folic acid-functionalized gold and silver nanoparticles with and without microwave irradiation on cancer cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Method: Patients with known AML (M1, M2, M3 and M4), all recently diagnosed by histopathology, special stains and immunohistochemistry, and 4 normal persons were enrolled in the study. The blood mononuclear cell fraction was separated, so that the final concentration of neoplastic myeloid cells and normal mononuclear cells in each tube was adjusted to about 400 cells/μL. For preparation of folate-functionalized gold and silver nanoparticles, folic acid was dissolved in deionized water, added to 1 mM HAuCl4 and 1 mM AgNO3 solution, and incubated at 50°C for 8 h. Scanning electron micrographs, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used for confirmation of the synthesis of functionalized nanoparticles. After preparation, nanoparticles were added to cancerous and normal cell suspensions, and then incubated at 37°C for 1 h. Another experiment was carried out in the same way but with exposure to microwave irradiation for 10 s so that its temperature reached at 50°C, and then incubated at 37°C for 1 h, after which cell cytotoxicity was evaluated with MTT test. All of the tests were duplicated, and paired t-test was used to compare the mean absorbance read-out in each of the above-mentioned groups of wells. Results: The sizes of functionalized gold and silver nanoparticles were approximately 25 nm to 32 nm. After synthesis of functionalized nanoparticles, the tubes containing HAuCl4 turned to red color, and the peak absorbance for gold nanoparticles was at 520 nm. For AgNo3 , it turned to yellow color with a peak absorbance at 420 nm. FTIR test showed connection of folic acid moieties to gold and silver surfaces. This study showed that functionalized gold nanoparticles were more toxic than functionalized silver nanoparticles on cancer and normal cells. Also, microwave irradiation was more synergic with functionalized gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, the most effectiveness score was 2.87 for functionalized silver nanoparticles without microwave irradiation and the minimum effectiveness score was 2.20 for functionalized silver nanoparticles with microwave. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated that although functionalized gold nanoparticles have high toxicity to cells, but silver nanoparticles without microwave irradiation are more effective because of less cytotoxic effect on normal cells.

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Yahya, Noorhana, Muhammad Kashif, Afza Shafie, Hasan Soleimani, Hasnah Mohd Zaid, and Noor Rasyada Ahmad Latiff. "Improved Oil Recovery by High Magnetic Flux Density Subjected to Iron Oxide Nanofluids." Journal of Nano Research 26 (December 2013): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.26.89.

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Oil recovery in offshore environments can be increased by using nanofluids with electromagnetic waves generated from an antenna in the oil reservoir. In the case of offshore environments, these constraints can be avoided if a horizontal antenna is towed close to the seabed, which maximises the electromagnetic energy transferred from the overburden to the reservoir and nanofluids in the reservoir. In this research, a new enhanced antenna is used with iron oxide (Fe2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofluids for oil recovery applications at the laboratory scale. In the antenna study, it was observed that the curve antenna with magnetic feeders gave a 1978% increase in the magnetic field signal strength compared to the case without magnetic feeders. The curve antenna with magnetic feeders produced a 473% increase in the electric field signal strength compared to the case without magnetic feeders. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel method. The iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle sizes were in the range of 30.27-37.60 nm. FESEM and HRTEM images show that the samples have good crystallinity and that the grain size increased as temperature increased. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) samples sintered at 500°C showed a high initial permeability and Q-factor and a low loss factor compared to samples sintered at 500°C. The sample had a very high initial permeability and a low loss at low frequencies; therefore, it was suitable for the preparation of the nanofluid and oil recovery applications. Oil recovery through the usage of 0.1 % (w/w) iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanofluid with an EM field generated from the curve antenna with magnetic feeders was 33.45% of OOIP (original oil in place). In a similar case where 0.1 % (w/w) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofluid with an EM field was used, 22.46 % of OOIP was recovered. These results imply that injecting 0.1% w/w iron oxide nanofluid coupled to the curve antenna with magnetic feeders has potential for oil recovery for improved water flooding systems because the high magnetic flux density that acts on the nanoparticles is proportional to the magnetic field strength.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoparticles. Electromagnetic waves. Piezoelectricity'

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