Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanoparticules – Composition'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 19 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Nanoparticules – Composition.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Lalloz, Faivre Augustine. "Administration de substances actives dans la peau : rôle de la composition hydrophile de nanoparticules polymériques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1023/document.
Full textThe design of clinically efficient polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for skin drug delivery is based on the understanding of the influence of NPs chemical composition on their interactions with the skin tissue, notably the pathological skin. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the hydrophilic component of polymeric NPs on the delivery of a lipophilic model drug (cholecalciferol).It was noticed that the polymeric hydrophilic composition of amphiphilic PLA-based NPs conditioned the NPs physico-chemical properties, notably in terms of size, surface properties, structure and drug protection. With regard to absorption into intact skin, the hydrophilic composition of 100 nm NPs had little impact. Only a slightly greater skin absorption was obtained from NPs with high hydrophilic PEG content compared to weakly PEGylated NPs. On the contrary in impaired skin, hydrophobic and negatively charged non-PEGylated NPs (PLA NPs) provided the best drug absorption. On the one hand, the dynamic structure of highly PEGylated NPs providing better skin wettability and potential skin lipids extraction may have contributed for increased absorption in intact skin. On the other hand, skin condition altered the NPs structure since it was observed that a non-negligible quantity of ionic species was released from impaired skin, triggering the destabilization of weakly or non-PEGylated charged NPs. However, only PLA aggregates sedimented/adhered onto the skin surface, which could have facilitated absorption in impaired skin. The polymeric hydrophilic composition of NPs and the pathological skin condition are therefore essential points to consider when designing nanoformulations
Lapierre-Boire, Louis-Philippe. "Impact de l'ajout de nanoparticules sur l'écoulement de mélanges de poudre à base de fer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27117/27117.pdf.
Full textHussain, Salik. "Toxicité in vitro et in vivo des nanoparticules manufacturées : rôle de la composition chimique, de la surface et de la taille." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077225.
Full textNanomaterials are gaining increasing utilizations in every sector of life but their health and environmental effects are still lacking complete understanding. The present study was designed to investigate the role of carbon black (CB), titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and gold (Au) nanoparticle (NP) physicochemical characteristics in the toxic effects on the respiratory System. In vitro studies were done on bronchial epithelial cells (primary as well as 16HBE14o- cell Une) while in vivo studies on diisocyanate induced asthma and dermal sensitization were performed using BALB/c mice. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that NPs are readily internalized by bronchial epithelial cells as well as by alveolar macrophages. This internalization was dose and NP size dependent in case of epithelial cells and a higher percentage of macrophages with engulfed NPs was noted in case of chemical sensitized animals. Translocation of Au NPs was observed after oropharyngeal exposure and targeting of distinct organs was noted in case of inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by NPs under cell free conditions depend upon the chemical nature, surface area anc size of the NPs (with CB being more reactive than TiO₂) while the type of intracellular ROS produced also depends upon the chemical nature of NPs. NPs induced apoptotic pathways depend upon the chemical nature of NPs as CB NPs induced apoptosis through a ROS dependent mitochondrial pathway while TiO₂ induced apoptosis through lysosomal pathway and lipid peroxidation. The global transcriptome response evaluated by microarray showed that different biological fonctions are induced by CB and TiO2 NPs involving different genes. NPs showed strong primary particle surface area dependent proinflammatory effects in bronchial epithelial cells under in vitro conditions leading to mRNA expression and secretion of GM-CSF, IL-6 and TNFa whereas under in vivo conditions NPs significantly modulated the asthmatic and inflammatory responses induced by diisocyanates. The LLNA revealed adjuvant effect of Au and TiO₂ NPs at low concentrations. In conclusion our results demonstrate the significance of primary particle surface area, chemical nature and size in proinflammatory, oxidative and apoptotic effects of NPs
Sanfins, Elodie. "Etude de la Régulation de l'activité de l'arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) par les nanoparticules de noir de carbone." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077110.
Full textArylamine N-acetyltranferases (NATs) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that play a major role in the detoxication and/or the bioactivation of aromatic amines some of which are carcinogenic. We have studied the effects of carbon black nanoparticles (NPs) on the biotransformation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by the human NATl. These NPs are potentially toxic and they co-exist with AAs in professional environment such as the rubber industry. The results obtained in this study show that the incubation of recombinant human NATl with increasing concentrations of NPs lead to the dose dependant inhibition of the biotransformation activity of the enzyme. Kinetic analysis and ultracentrifugation assays point out that the enzyme is rapidly adsorbed on the NPs leading to its irreversible inhibition Furthermore, circular dichroïsm data highlighted that NP-NAT1 interaction induce changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme probably responsible for its irreversible inhibition. Finally, the exposition by NPs of pulmonary epithelial cells in culture leads to the inhibition of the endogenous enzyme and to the alteration of the cell dependant acetylation of aromatic amines. Overall the results suggest that the exposition by NPs may alter the metabolism of aromatic pollutants and may contribute to the increase in NP potential toxicity
Tishkova, Victoria. "Nanoparticules de combustion émises par différents moyens de transport : caractérisation physico-chimique et hygroscopicité." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22060.pdf.
Full textTransport emission of nanoparticles into atmosphere is of major interest because of its possible effect on climate changes. The understanding of the potential environmental effect of the aviation and ship emission is still poor maintly because of the lack in the experimental characterization of these nanoparticules. The present work focuses on physico-chemical properties of combustion nanoparticles and their interaction with water. Hygroscopicity is on of the key parameters that are related to could condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and the environnemental effect. Experimental data show differences in the microstructure, elemental composition residuals coming from marine transport emitted residuals. Water uptake on combustion residuals coming from marine transport and aviation is higher than for laboratory-produced samples. We can therfore guess that these particules act as active CCN in the atmosphere
Besson, Davy. "Le dépôt d'agrégats : une métallurgie douce (à température ambiante) pour l'élaboration d'alliages binaires (AuSb2 et InSb) et l'obtention de films minces nanostructurés de composition variable InxSb1-x." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10215.
Full textNikkuni, Flavio. "Caractérisation du vieillissement de nanoparticules de Pt/C ou PtCo/C. Effets des modifications morphologiques et de composition sur l'électrocatalyse de la réaction de réduction de l'oxygène." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961782.
Full textGAUDRY, Mélanie. "Propriétés optiques d'agrégats mixtes de métaux de transition en matrice d'alumine : Effets de taille et de composition." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001513.
Full textHleli, Ali. "Étude de la cinétique chimique et des propriétés radiatives d'un plasma d'arc dédié à la synthèse de nanoparticules de carbone." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30075.
Full textThe electric arc process or the quasi-thermal plasma is one of the most used to produce nanomaterials. The study of the physicochemical phenomena underlaying arcs can be achieved by means of collisional-radiative models to thoroughly describe the chemical composition with the use of the particles number conservation law in the plasma. This method allows a straightforward calculation of thermal properties. These models provide a realistic description of the arc-induced chemistry and allow better understanding of the deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium. It is in this context that the present work is clearly situated, relating to develop multi-temperature numerical tools able to predict, the chemical composition of Ar-He-N2 mixtures in the presence of carbon, nickel and yttrium removal from electrodes, experimentally used for carbon nanotubes synthesis, and determine the radiative proprieties such as the emission spectra of the C2 Swan and the CN Violet systems frequently observed in nitrogen and carbon containing mixtures and useful for arc characterization and diagnostics : the determination of the rotational and the vibrational temperatures
Vacchi, Isabella Anna. "Controlled chemical functionalization of graphene oxide." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF053.
Full textGraphene oxide is a promising nanomaterial thanks to its physicochemical characteristics. However, until today its exact composition remains still unknown. This is due to the complexity and non-stoichiometric character of this material.We started by investigating the surface composition of graphene oxide and its reactivity. We used differently synthesized samples to explore the relationship between the synthesis method and the surface composition. Furthermore, we functionalized graphene oxide with a chelating agent of radionuclides to study its biodistribution, and the impact of the lateral size. Afterwards, we tried different strategies for multifunctionalization with the aim to combine different properties. We observed that the dispersibility of graphene oxide often decreased after functionalization. Thus, we developed a highly water-stable graphene oxide sample by grafting awater-soluble polymer on its surface. Finally, we explored and improved the characterization methods for graphene oxide. Athorough investigation using different characterization techniques is fundamental to understand the modifications that the material underwent
Perdrial, Nicolas. "Nature et rôle des matières solides en suspension dans la dynamique du transfert des éléments polluants." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00760435.
Full textMoraes, Rafael Ratto de. "Redução da contração de polimerização em resinas e compositos odontologicos pela adição de nanoparticulas polimericas reticuladas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289570.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T22:17:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_RafaelRattode_D.pdf: 3063279 bytes, checksum: c97e74bafe910eaf9a62355e1364e95d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Neste estudo foi avaliado o efeito da adição de nanopartículas poliméricas reticuladas (nanogéis) em resinas e compósitos odontológicos baseados em dimetacrilatos na contração volumétrica de polimerização. As partículas poliméricas foram sintetizadas utilizando mistura dos monômeros uretano dimetacrilato e isobornil metacrilato (razão 30:70 mol%) dissolvidos em tolueno, utilizando 2-mercaptoetanol como agente de transferência de cadeia (ATC). Metade dos nanogéis foi utilizada como sintetizada (partículas não-reativas), enquanto para a outra metade (nanogéis reativos) foi realizado processo de fixação de grupamentos metacrilato nas moléculas utilizando as hidroxilas do ATC. Trietileno glicol dimetacrilato (TEGDMA) foi utilizado como monômero base, sendo a ele adicionado nanogéis nas seguintes concentrações: 5, 10, 20, 30 ou 40% em peso. Além das resinas modificadas, compósitos foram obtidos pela incorporação de 70% em peso de partículas de vidro de bário às resinas. TEGDMA não-modificado foi utilizado como controle. O tamanho e distribuição das partículas poliméricas foram avaliados por análise de espalhamento dinâmico de luz. A contração volumétrica foi mensurada utilizando linômetro (resinas) e dilatômetro de mercúrio (compósitos). A cinética de conversão foi avaliada por espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo. A viscosidade das resinas foi mensurada em viscosímetro, enquanto a consistência dos compósitos avaliada utilizando máquina de ensaios mecânicos. As propriedades mecânicas dos materiais (resistência à flexão, módulo de elasticidade e trabalho de fratura) foram avaliadas em teste de flexão de três pontos. O índice de refração dos monômeros e a translucidez dos polímeros foram também avaliados. Análises de Variância de 1 fator (compósitos) ou 2 fatores (resinas) foram realizadas, seguidas do teste post-hoc de Student-Newman-Keuls (P < 0,05). O tamanho das partículas variou entre 20 e 210 nm. Redução linear da contração foi observada com aumento da fração de nanogel, com reduções de até 43% em volume para resinas e até 26% para compósitos. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas na cinética de conversão. A adição de nanogéis aumentou gradualmente a viscosidade das resinas e a consistência dos compósitos. Entretanto, foi possível incorporar altas quantidades de partículas inorgânicas (> 75% em peso) mesmo nas resinas contendo 40% de nanogel. A incorporação de altas quantidades de nanogéis não-reativos reduziu a resistência à flexão e o trabalho de fratura das resinas, enquanto o uso de partículas reativas não afetou as propriedades de flexão. Índices de refração das resinas e opacidade dos compósitos aumentaram com a adição de nanogéis. Em conclusão, a incorporação de nanopartículas poliméricas reticuladas reativas como aditivos em resinas e compósitos odontológicos experimentais reduziu a contração volumétrica gradualmente na medida em que a fração de nanogel incorporada foi aumentada sem afetar negativamente as propriedades dos materiais.
Abstract: In this study the effect of adding polymeric crosslinked nanoparticles (nanogels) to dimethacrylate-based dental resins and composites on the volumetric polymerization shrinkage was evaluated. The polymeric particles were synthesized using a mixture of the monomers urethane dimethacrylate and isobornyl methacrylate (30:70 mol% ratio) dissolved in toluene, using 2- mercaptoethanol as chain transfer agent (CTA). Half of the nanogels was used as synthesized (non-reactive particles), while for the other half (reactive nanogels) a process for fixing methacrylate groups to the molecules was carried out using the hydroxyls of the CTA. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) was used as base monomer and loaded with nanogel at the following concentration: 5, 10, 20, 30 or 40 wt%. In addition to the modified resins, composites were obtained by incorporating 70 wt% of barium glass fillers to the resins. Unmodified TEGDMA was used as control. The size and distribution of the polymeric particles was evaluated by dynamic light scattering analysis. Volumetric shrinkage was measured using a linometer (resins) and mercury dilatometer (composites). Conversion kinetics was evaluated by near infrared spectroscopy. Viscosity of the resins was measured using a viscometer, while the consistency of the composites evaluated using a mechanical testing machine. Mechanical properties of the materials (flexural strength, flexural modulus and work of fracture) were measured in the three-point bending mode. Refractive indices of the resins and translucency of the polymers were also evaluated. One-way (composites) or Twoway (resins) Analyses of Variance were carried out, followed by Student- Newman-Keuls' post-hoc test (P < 0.05). The size of the particles ranged between 20 and 210 nm. A linear decrease in shrinkage was observed with increased nanogel fraction, with reductions up to 43 vol% for resins and up to 26 vol% for composites. No substantial differences in conversion kinetics were observed. The addition of nanogels gradually increased the viscosity of the resins and consistency of the composites. However, it was possible to incorporate high amounts of inorganic filler (> 75 wt%) even for resins containing 40 wt% of nanogel. Incorporation of high amounts of non-reactive nanogels decreased flexural strength and work of fracture of the resins, while the use of reactive particles did not affect the flexural properties. Refractive indices of the resins and opacity of the polymers were increased with addition of nanogels. In conclusion, the incorporation of reactive polymeric crosslinked nanoparticles as additives in experimental dental resins and composites reduced volumetric shrinkage associated with increasing nanogel fraction without negatively affecting the properties of the materials.
Doutorado
Doutor em Materiais Dentários
Ouzaouit, Khalid. "Matériaux bi-fonctionnels pour applications catalytiques et piézoélectriques, à base d'oxydes de cérium, de lanthane et de langasite." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257241.
Full textHérault, Nelly. "Préparation contrôlée de catalyseurs bimétalliques Pt-Rh supportés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2298/document.
Full textPt-Rh supported catalysts have demonstrated interesting properties in selective ring opening of naphthenic molecules. Their catalytic performances depend on several properties like platinum-rhodium interaction. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the preparation method on Pt-Rh interactions. For this purpose, several preparation ways were selected, from the most classical ones, such as impregnation, to more sophisticated ways such as (1) surface modification of monometallic catalyst by addition of a second metal (surface reactions), (2) formation of Pt-Rh particles in microemulsion or in microsuspension, or (3) impregnation assisted by radiolysis. Catalysts were characterized by various techniques such as hydrogen chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy, temperature programmed reduction, adsorption of probe molecules (CO or NO then CO) followed by infrared spectroscopy, or model reactions.These characterizations allowed demonstrating that (i) the classical impregnation or the one assisted by radiolysis leads to monometallic and bimetallic particles, (ii) metal deposition on specific sites of preformed metallic particles can be obtained by surface modification of monometallic catalysts, (iii) the synthesis of metallic particles in microemulsion or microsuspension yields bimetallic entities with Pt-Rh alloy at the particle surface
SILVA, DE HOYOS LUISA ELENA 373046, and DE HOYOS LUISA ELENA SILVA. "Nanopartículas biogénicas de Au, Ag y compositos de celulosa/Au y celulosa/Ag para su evaluación como sensores selectivos de iones metálicos contaminantes." Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94919.
Full textNanopartículas de plata y oro (AgNPs y AuNPs) fueron sintetizadas usando una metodología de un solo paso, rápida y completamente verde utilizando extractos acuosos de Camellia sinensis (Té verde) y Cirus paradisi (toronja), estos dos extractos sirven tanto para la reducción de los iones metálicos como para la protección de las nanopartículas obtenidas. Los iones Ag y Au fueron reducidos por el extracto acuoso formando nanopartículas estables, esto se confirma por medio del plasmon de resonancia superficial el cual presenta picos centrados en 396 nm y 544 nm respectivamente. La morfología, tamaño y estructura cristalina fue determinada utilizando microscopia electrónica de transmisión (MET). Ademas, estas nanopartículas presentan buenas propiedades como sensores de iones metálicos. En el caso de las AgNPs los iones detectados fueron Cu2+ y Pb2+, mientras que las AuNPs detectan Pb2+, Ca2+, Hg2+, Zn2+ y Cu2+, estos sistemas tienen buena sensibilidad. Los tres métodos que se utilizaron fueron: el colorimétrico, el de PRSL y por último el de fluorescencia.
ALAMILLO, LOPEZ VERONICA MARGARITA 555335, and LOPEZ VERONICA MARGARITA ALAMILLO. "Compositos de cascarón de huevo / nanoparticulas de óxido de hierro - plata metálica, y su funcionalidad en la eliminación de iones pb, as y hg, en medio acuoso." Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/95026.
Full textBeloribi-Djefaflia, Sadia. "Les effets des lipides exosomaux sur les cellules tumorales pancréatiques humaines : entre apoptose et survie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5005.
Full textIt has been previously reported that exosomes released by the human pancreatic tumoral cell line SOJ-6 could induce their own apoptosis. Thanks to the production of lipid nanoparticles, SELN (Synthetic Exosomes-Like Nanoparticles) mimicking the lipid composition of natural exosomes, we have shown that lipids were responsible for the observed effects. Indeed, we showed that SELN with the higher ratio rafts/phospholipids could interact with SOJ-6 cells at the level of the rafts to perturb the Notch pathway, preferentially localized in these lipid microdomains. This induces a decreased expression of the main target of this pathway, the survival factor Hes-1. This decrease is intensified by the activation of the complex PTEN-GSK-3β. These deregulations drive cells towards the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis as shown by the increase of the ratio Bax/Bcl-2, the caspase 9 activity and the DNA fragmentation. Whereas MiaPaCa-2 cells are resistant to SELN, which is explained by their stem-like cell phenotype, contrarily to the well-differentiated SOJ-6 cell line. Although the over-expression of some stem cell markers, such as ALDH and CXCR4 is responsible for their resistance, they remain sensitive to the cyclopamine, a Hedgehog inhibitor. We found out that MiaPaCa-2 cells pre-incubation with SELN could protect them from the inhibitory effect of the cyclopamine, meaning that upon SELN incubation, a survival pathway is triggered in MiaPaCa-2 cells. So we showed that, upon SELN incubation, the canonical NF-кB pathway is activated in MiaPaCa-2 cells to promote SDF-1α expression. Once released, SDF-1α interacts with its receptor CXCR4 to activate an Akt-dependent survival pathway
Molino, Yves. "Mise en place de modèles in vitro de barrière hémato‐encéphalique et étude du transfert transendothélial de vecteurs et conjugués ciblant le récepteur au LDL." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5076/document.
Full textThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from plasma fluctuations of endogenous, but also exogenous molecules, including therapeutic molecules. The BBB’s restrictive properties are compensated by the presence of different mechanisms that provide transport of nutrients across the BBB, including transcytosis of endogenous ligands mediated by receptors. Our objective is to improve drug delivery across the BBB and we developed “vectors” that target different recpetors. During our thesis we developed and optimized cellular tools and approaches, in particular syngeneic in vitro models of the BBB and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) from both rat and mouse, based on the co-culture of brain (BMECs) or spinal cord (SCMECs) microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) and astrocytes. Among the receptors we studied, we show that the LDL receptor (LDLR) is expressed at the apical plasma membrane of BMECs and confirmed that it is involved in transcytosis of LDL through the vesicular compartment, while avoiding the lysosomal compartment, further establishing its interest as a target receptor. We show that our vectors conjugated to an organic molecule or to a protein cargo are endocytosed by BMECs in a LDLR-dependent manner, avoid the lysosomal compartment and cross the BMEC monolayers. Finally, we developed BBB and BSCB in vitro models in inflammatory conditions, considering that MECs inflammation is associated with many CNS lesions and pathologies. These models will be useful to better understand the inflammatory processes of CNS endothelial cells and to evaluate vectorization strategies preferentially targeting CNS structures in pathological condition
Lalloz, Faivre Augustine. "Administration de substances actives dans la peau : rôle de la composition hydrophile de nanoparticules polymériques." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22429.
Full text