Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanoparticules – Effets du zinc'
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Siron, Valérie. "Stabilité de nanoparticules d'oxyde métallique et effets toxicologiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077138.
Full textAs they are small, the nanoparticules which one of the dimensions is inferior to 100 nm, are used in many processes (textile, cosmetics,. . . ) and some nanomaterials are already included in consumer goods. Despite the rise of nanosciences, few studies have determined the ecotoxicological and environmental impact of the nanoparticles. The aim of this study is to find some answers to these issues. To do so, the study of the biological interactions between ZnO nanoparticles (semi conductor incorporated in the sunscreen composition), and a Escherichia coli, a bacteria présent in the environment, was performed. The toxic behaviour of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated in two media: a growth medium Luria Bertani (LB), and an environmental medium, Seine river water. The results obtained in this work show that the toxic impact studies of nanoparticles needed a pluridisciplinary approach. Indeed, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of nanoparticles were evidenced in this work, but a comparison of the biological effects obtained during incubation with Zn2+ ions, suggested the partial dissolution of the nanoparticles. This hypothesis was confirmed by solubility experiments performed in both media. The composition of the medium influences the potential toxicity of ZnO. The implication of oxidative stress in the mechanisms of nanoparticles toxicity was observed by using a mutant strain for the superoxide dismutase enzyme
Nicolosi, Angelo. "Effet de l'exposition périnatale aux nanoparticules d'oxyde de zinc sur l'activité des réseaux de neurones moteurs impliqués dans les fonctions respiratoire et locomotrice." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0912/document.
Full textDue to their size (<100nm) that confers them unique properties, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in many products of everyday life. The growing exposition of the population to NPs, have elicited concerns about their possible impact on health and environment. Indeed, NPs are able to enter and diffuse into organism, through the alveolar, placental, and blood-brain barriers. More dramatically, NPs accumulate into organs such as the brain, and could potentially induce various diseases. Recent findings have highlighted the ability of NPs to modulate the bioelectric properties of individual neurons. However, whether NPs could impair the functioning of a whole neural network, remained unknown. My doctoral work aimed at determining whether zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs alter the activity of neuronal networks that are responsible for the genesis of respiration and locomotion. Here, we have shown that acute exposure to ZnO NPs induced an increase of inspiratory frequency followed up by a premature cessation of the rhythm generation, using ex-vivo brainstem/spinal cord preparations from newborn rats. Our results have highlighted the inspiratory neurons from the pre-Bötzinger complex as a preferential target of ZnO NPs. When, ZnO NPs were injected chronically into gestating females, we observed a modification of the respiratory rhythm and an increase of respiratory pause duration (apnoea), by performing plethysmographic recordings in the following progeny. Taking together, those data shed a new light not only on the potential neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs, and as a consequence on the functioning of mammals' motors neurons networks, but also on organism perinatal vulnerability throughout maternal exposition during gestation
Martins, Da Silva Fernando Henrique. "Etude structurale, distribution cationique et état d'oxydation dans des nanoparticules magnétiques de ferrite du type coeur-coquille." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066102/document.
Full textStructural properties of core-shell ferrite nanoparticles MFe2O4 (M = Mn and Co) and Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles are here investigated. The nanoparticles are synthesized by hydrothermal co-precipitation and are dispersed in acid medium thanks to an empirical surface treatment by ferric nitrate, which prevents the chemical dissociation by a thin maghemite layer incorporated at the surface of the nano-grains. Chemical titrations allow us to calculate volume fractions of core and shell, as well as the surface-layer thickness. Structural changes induced by the surface treatment are followed as a function of treatment duration in MnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanocrystals. Whereas structural changes in Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles are investigated as a function of zinc content. X-ray and Neutron diffractions are used to determine the structural parameters, in particular cationic distribution in the spinel ferrite sites. Precise structural information with high degree of reliability is obtained by Rietveld refinements. To investigate the local structure of these materials, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy measurements are performed, allowing determining interatomic distances, mean oxidation state and inversion degree. Morphology, crystallinity and size of mixed-ferrite nanoparticles are investigated by TEM/HRTEM and electron diffraction. In Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles, the presence of Mn3+ in octahedral environment is responsible for anisotropic distortions, known as Jahn-Teller effect. The inversion degree obtained in this work diverges from the bulk values due to the reduction to nanoscale and to the increase of the surface/volume ratio, associated to the synthesis process
Glaria, Arnaud. "Généralisation d'une approche de synthèse par voie organométallique, à température ambiante, de nanoparticules monocristallines d'oxydes métalliquess : étude de leurs propriétés optiques ou magnétiques." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/157/.
Full textOur group has recently developed an organometallic synthetic approach for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles with controlled size and shape. The aim of this thesis is to generalise this method to other metal oxide nanoparticles with a size smaller than 5 nm. This work deals with the synthesis and the study of metal-oxide nanoparticles exhibiting either luminescent (ZnO) or magnetic properties (Gamma-Fe2O3, Co3O4, CoFe2O4, FeO or CoO). In the first part of this thesis, we show that adding an organolithium precursor during the ZnO nanoparticles synthesis modifies their growth mechanism. Therefore, the size of the particles is directly related to the amount of the organolithium precursor and varies from 2. 5 to 4. 3 nm. In this way, colloidal solutions and nanoparticles in the solid state are obtained which display a luminescence in the visible range from yellow to blue through white. In the second part, we show the generalisation of this approach to magnetic nanoparticles such as Gamma-Fe2O3 and CoFe2O4. We show therefore the variation of the interactions between the particles depending on the experimental conditions. Finally, we show that we can also adapt this approach to the synthesis of unstable phases such as FeO and CoO. The last part of this manuscript deals with the synthesis of metallic particles (Fe, Co, Zn) using an amine-borane complex as reducing agent of our organometallic complexes
Kataya, Zeinab. "Effets de température sur les nanoparticules de CoAg : structure et effets de ségrégation." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004367.
Full textSimon-deckers, Angélique. "Effets biologiques de nanoparticules manufacturées : influence de leurs caractéristiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004918.
Full textSimon-Deckers, Angélique. "Effets biologiques de nanoparticules manufacturées : influence de leurs caractéristiques." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.paristech.org/4918/01/Thèse_Angélique_SIMON-DECKERS.pdf.
Full textBouet, Nathalie. "Croissance de nanoparticules CoxPt100-x : effets dûs à l’échelle nanométrique." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2020.
Full textCHILOV, VIKTOR. "Effets d'anisotropies superficielles sur la resonance ferromagnetique de nanoparticules de ferrite." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077049.
Full textDelaval, Mathilde. "Effets des nanoparticules d'oxyde de cerium sur l'epithelium respiratoire in vitro." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC204.
Full textConsidering the increased use of Ce02 NPs, which induces indoor and outdoor airborne emissions, there is a need to assess potential pulmonary responses to Ce02 NPs. Therefore, our objective was to examine the ability of Ce02 NPs to induce short and long-term effects on in vitro bronchial models with increasing complexity. Physicochemical properties of Ce02 NPs, positive controls (Mn203 and Ti02) and negative control (BaSO4) were characterized, especially by developing a high throughput assay to assess the intrinsic oxidative potential of NPs. An in vitro toxicological strategy based on their ability to induce cytotoxicity, pro-inflammatory response and antioxidant defense in human bronchial epithelial cells was used. In vitro models were treated with one single dose of Ce02 NPs for up to 48 hours or 28 days, or with repeated doses of Ce02 NPs for 1 or 4 weeks. Our study revealed an intermediate toxicological potential of Ce02 NPs in comparison to other NPs. Ce02 NPs induced antioxidant mRNA expressions and release of pro¬inflammatory cytokines. Our study also demonstrated that primary cells are less sensitive than the bronchial cell line but the development of differentiated mucociliary primary cultures treated at air-Iiquid interface allowed the detection of a delayed pro-inflammatory response. Ce02 NPs induced persistent cellular effects for up to 4 weeks of repeated exposure and surprisingly also after one single exposure at high dose. In conclusion, our study emphasized the necessity to use more complex in vitro models allowing long-term and repeated exposures, in order to reveal the adverse effects of Ce0, NPs
Le, Bars Maureen. "Devenir du zinc des produits résiduaires organiques après méthanisation et recyclage agricole : rôle des nanoparticules de sulfure de zinc." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0034.
Full textAgricultural recycling of organic waste (OW), raw or after a treatment like anaerobic digestion (AD) and/or composting is common. It is necessary to assess the environmental impact of OW agricultural recycling after anaerobic digestion since this technology is gaining interest, particularly regarding zinc, an abundant element in OW. In order to properly evaluate the risk, zinc speciation must be known. First, we have shown that AD promote the formation of nano-ZnS that is therefore the main species of Zn (> 70%) in AD digestates. This unstable species is transformed during composting of 1 to 3 months. Size and strain are parameters that can explain nanocrystals reactivity. We showed that the more nano-ZnS are small and the higher the strain is. Interaction with thiol containing organic molecules, potentially present in anaerobic digesters, release nano-ZnS structural strain and control its growth. Finally, amended soil characteristics have a key role for nano-ZnS fate: the components of clayey and iron-oxide-rich soils are able to immobilize Zn released by nano-ZnS dissolution, unlike sandy soils components. This work gives a better understanding of zinc dynamics in cultivated ecosystems subject to spreading of organic waste
Ebabe, Elle Etienne Raymond. "Le double aspect des nanoparticules manufacturées sur les métabolismes oxydatifs et inflammatoires : effets délétères et effets protecteurs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT008/document.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to explore the effects of nanoparticles (silver and silica) manufactured on oxidative and inflammatory metabolism. In the first part of this work, we explored the in vivo toxicity from ingestion of silver nanoparticles, for 11 weeks, in an animal model - Sprague Dawley rat. This enabled us to demonstrate the toxic properties of silver nanoparticles including superoxide anion production by hepatic and cardiac NADPH oxidases, dyslipidemia, hepatic cytolysis, an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and a downward trend the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This led us to address the in vitro study on intestinal cell models (Caco-2) and cutaneous (HaCaT). During this study, silica nanoparticles, functionalized or not with anti-oxidants, were incubated for 24 hours in the presence of the cells. We show that the modification of the surface of the nanoparticles significantly reduces their toxicity limiting the production of free radical species and cell death. Furthermore, the coupling with an anti-oxidant increases the stimulation of Nrf2 factor that involves the protection of the body against disorders associated with radical species. In summary, this work highlights the potential of vectorization of antioxidants with nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes
Saliba, Sarmenio. "Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals for the formation of zinc oxide nanohybrids." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1598/.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript describes the incorporation of inorganic materials inside organic hosts. Our ambition was to successfully hybridize ZnO nanostructures with liquid crystals. This was achieved using different strategies, the choice of which depended on the desired properties of the final material. The objective was not only the synthesis and stabilization of the nanoparticles within, but also their organization in the LC medium. One approach was the functionalization of preformed ZnO spherical nanoparticles by thermotropic LC ligands. This was made possible using a ligand exchange mechanism. Due to a dynamic equilibrium at the surface of ZnO NPs, the mesogenic molecules could exhibit order at the molecular level, giving rise to novel LC/NP hybrids with enhanced LC properties. The organization of NPs could also be induced by the use of lyotropic liquid crystals. In this case, the NPs were not simply doped into a LC material, but synthesized directly inside the lyotropic phases. The synthesis of ZnO was therefore confined to domains of defined size and shape which can directly control the organization of the nanostructures growing within. Apart from organization of NPs, our constant objective was the fabrication of anisotropic nanoobjects via LC-assisted synthesis. Thermotropic liquid crystals consisting of novel low molecular weight branched mesogens have proved to be remarkable templates for anisotropic growth of ZnO nanocrystals. This anisotropic growth was also found to be influenced by the size of the LC molecules as observed with the fabrication of ZnO inside LC polymers. This work has shown the possibility of integrating inorganic material in LCs providing that the two constituents are able to sufficiently interact with one another
Doumandji, Zahra. "Identification de marqueurs d’exposition et d’effets de nanoparticules métalliques sur modèle in vitro." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0067.
Full textAs a consequence of the extension of the use of nanoparticles in different industrial sectors, the number of potentially exposed workers continues to grow, without fully knowing the toxicological properties of these materials. Since nanoparticles can be aerosolized in the occupational atmosphere, inhalation is the major occupational exposure route. For this reason, risk assessment of exposure to nanomaterials requires toxicology studies to be conducted on cellular models of the airways. In this manuscript, the cellular and molecular responses of rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) exposed to metallic oxide nanoparticles: ZnO, ZnFe2O4, NiZnFe2O4, Fe2O3, TiO2-NM105 and TiO2-NRCWE001, were studied, combining conventional toxicological analyzes (characterization of nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, evaluation of cytotoxicity by WST-1 assays and LDH release); and high throughput molecular screening (transcriptomic and proteomic analyzes). NR8383 cells were exposed to the ZnO, ZnFe2O4, NiZnFe2O4, Fe2O3, TiO2-NM105 and TiO2-NRCWE001 nanoparticles for 24 h which allowed for the determination of a sub-toxic dose for each nanoparticle to which the macrophages were exposed for molecular analysis. Four hours after exposure NR8383 to nanoparticles, many genes and proteins were differentially expressed. Oxidative stress was the adverse biological response following exposure of cells to nanoparticles composed of zinc. In contrast, inflammation was the main activated pathway in cells exposed to the anatase and rutile form of TiO2 nanoparticles. In conclusion, this study exposes the "biological fingerprints" of the two groups of nanoparticles of interest. Finally, our study, combined with previous literature studies, could also be beneficial in validating biomarkers of exposure and effects of nanomaterials suggested in order to predict adverse biological effects
Nahle, Sara. "Réponse macrophagique aux nanomatériaux carbonés : effets de leur caractéristiques physiques et chimiques sur le transcriptome Carbon-based nanomaterials induce inflammation and autophagy in rat alveolar macrophages Single wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes induce different toxicological responses in rat alveolar macrophages Gene expression profiling of alveolar macrophages exposed to non-functionalized, anionic or cationic multi-walled carbon nanotubes shows three different mechanisms of toxicity Cytotoxicity and global transcriptional responses induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles NM 110 in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells Protein and lipid homeostasis altered in rat macrophages after exposure to metallic oxide nanoparticles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0142.
Full textCarbon nanomaterials (CNM) are widely used in the industrial world and they have many applications. The absence of legislation controlling their preparation and uses makes necessary, as for all nano-objects, the study of their toxicity in order to determine the risk of human exposure and to adapt legislation accordingly. Therefore, a better knowledge of their toxic potential is necessary. The increasing difficulties in using animal models make necessary the development of studies using cell lines especially macrophages that play a predominant role. These CNM are very light and form easily aerosols, reason why the preferred models for toxicity studies are alveolar macrophages. However, there are no human alveolar macrophage lines currently but rat cells exist. The subject of my thesis is to study macrophages response to CNM and the understanding of the effect of their physical and chemical characteristics on the transcriptome. The CNM studied are multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT), single wall CNT, carbon black and graphene oxide. Our results show that all CNM studied trigger an inflammatory reaction in NR8383 and differentiated THP-1 cells, also some of them induce cytotoxicity. Size, functionalization and form control CNM toxicity mechanisms: CNT with similar size alter identical signaling pathways, amino group functionalization produces lysosomal stress, whereas functionalization with carboxyl groups causes reticulum endoplasmic (RE) stress, nanotubes induce cytoskeleton disorganization more than spherical nanoparticles. Otherwise, we identified lipid accumulation in NR8383 cells due to RE stress induced by Mitsui-7, a multiwall CNT. There was also a fusion of these macrophages. The formation of these foam cells and giant multi-nucleus cells are key events leading to granulomas formation. The results obtained are an important support for understanding CNM effects, showing some significant toxicity at molecular level. This toxicity is dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of these nanomaterials. Thus, based on this type of data, we can move towards a safer manufacture to avoid the risks associated with their exposure
Han, Zhitao. "Intégration de nanofils de ZnO dans des dispositifs microfluidiques pour lesétudes photocatalytiques et photovoltaïques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066424.
Full textCe travail de thèse vise à intégrer des nanofils de ZnO dans des dispositifs microfluidiques pour les études photocatalytiques et photovoltaïques. Tout d'abord, la méthode de croissance hydrothermale a été améliorée par dépôt direct d’une couche germe de ZnO de haute qualitéun en utilisant un procédé sol-gel et une technique de revêtement par centrifugation. Ensuite, cette couche de ZnO semencée a été lithographiée pour définir des zones de croissance. Comme résultats, les matrices de nanofils de ZnO bien alignées ont été obtenues sans fusion au pied des nanofils. Deuxièmement, des nanofils de ZnO à grande surface ont été intégrés dans les réacteurs microfluidiques, permettant une photocatalyse stable et à haut rendement. Troisièmement, les nanofils de ZnO intégrés ont été utilisés pour des essais sur les cellulaires solaires à colorant (DSSC), montrant une dépendance claire sur les conditions de croissance de nanofils de ZnO, mais peu d’effet sur le débit d'électrolyte microfluidique. Enfin, la synthèse hydrothermale a été appliquée pour obtenir des nanofibres de ZnO par électrofilage avec ou sans dopage de palladium. En comparant aux nanofibres de ZnO purs, les nanofibres de ZnO dopées de Pb ont montré une efficacité de photodégradation du bleu de méthylène améliorée
Andreï, Jennifer. "Effets (sub)individuels et fonctionnels des nanoparticules manufacturées sur des Crustacés Gammaridae." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0313/document.
Full textProducts incorporating nanoparticles are now ubiquitous in our everyday life. For example, sunscreens, fuel additives or food packaging materials contain nanoparticles which could be released in the aquatic environment during the entire life cycle of the nanoproduct, from its production to its use and aging. Therefore an increase of nanoparticle emissions in the aquatic ecosystems needs to be considered and raises the question about their potential effects on living organisms. The collaborative program ANR P2N – MESONNET (2011- 2015) was focused on the evaluation of the nanoparticle fate (transfer and transformation in media and living organisms) and on their ecotoxicity. The present work took part in this assessment by studying the effects of nanoparticles of silver, titanium and carbon (nanotube) on the Crustaceans Amphipod Gammarus sp.. The experimental approach was designed to assess, in laboratory conditions, the effect of nanoparticles on the gammarids, focusing on biomarker measurements at the (sub)individual level (cellular, physiological, behavioral) and on some parameters related to their functional roles. Experiments were designed as close as possible to natural conditions using environmentally realistic contamination scenario: exposure in a complex media (natural water from river) to low nanoparticle concentrations and with food. In this context, the effects of nAg were investigated in three gammarids species and results revealed a higher sensibility of G. roeseli, for which exposure induced a decrease of the locomotor activity and of the production of fine particles of organic matter (FPOM). At the physiological level, an increase of the oxygen consumption was observed in gammarids exposed to nAg, despite a stability observed for the studied markers of energetic metabolism. The oxygen consumption was correlated with the silver concentration measured in the organisms, and also with the tested nanoparticle sizes. The influence of the nanoparticle forms (nAg: plate triangular and spherical; nTiO2: cubic and rod-shaped) and of the organic matter (CNT) was studied in mesocosms by focusing mainly on cellular indicators (energetic storage, antioxidant response, damage…) and individual ones (osmoregulation, ventilation and locomotion). The obtained results suggest form-dependent effects of nanoparticles. This work shows the interest of a coupled approach using ecological and ecotoxicological endpoints to better understand the effects of nanoparticles on freshwater ecosystems
Mirouze, Marie. "Recherche de gènes impliqués dans la tolérance au zinc chez l'espèce modèle hyperaccumulatrice de zinc Arabidopsis halleri : un nouveau rôle possible pour les défensines de plantes." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20183.
Full textZinc (Zn) is an essential metal that can become highly toxic when present in excess amount in the cell, indicating that Zn homeostasis has to be tightly regulated. Interestingly, Arabidopsis halleri, a close Arabidopsis thaliana relative, is able to accumulate more than 1% DW of Zn in its shoots without showing any toxicity symptom suggesting the existence of dedicated detoxification mechanisms. We exploit this natural Zn tolerant and hyperaccumulator plant species to characterize the molecular basis of Zn tolerance in plants. To identify A. Halleri genes involved in Zn tolerance, we carried out a functional screening by expressing an A. Halleri cDNA library in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Selecting A. Halleri cDNAs conferring Zn tolerance in yeast grown on Zn contaminated medium, we isolated five cDNAs encoding for A. Halleri defensins (AhPDFs). Overexpression of one of them (AhPDF1. 1) in A. Thaliana Col-0 gave rise to a Zn tolerance phenotype. Thus, at least one of the AhPDF members is able to confer Zn tolerance both in yeast and in planta. In A. Halleri, AhPDFs are constitutively accumulated at a higher level in shoots compared to A. Thaliana. Furthermore, both AhPDF1. 1 mRNA and AhPDFs steady state levels were shown to be increased upon Zn treatment. Therefore, we assume that AhPDFs could be involved in A. Halleri Zn tolerance. Finally, this work highlights that plant defensins, well-known for their antifungal actvity, could also be implicated in metal physiology
Préaubert, Lise. "Reprotoxicité des nanoparticules : approche in vitro." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0749.
Full textThe fast development of nanotechnology gives rise to questions regarding the potential risks on human health. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NP) are widely used, as diesel additive, as well as promising therapeutic in cancerology, yet scarce data are currently available on their toxicity. It has been shown that metal nanoparticles can cross biological barriers and accumulate into various organs including the gonads after in vivo exposure. Our objectives were to investigate CeO2NP’s genotoxicity on mouse spermatozoa and oocytes, human spermatozoa, and to study their possible impact on murine IVF.We showed a significant decrease of fertilization rate, during IVF carried out in culture medium containing CeO2NP at very low concentration (0.01mg/l). We also showed significant DNA damage induced in vitro by CeO2NP on mouse spermatozoa and oocytes at 0.01 mg/l using Comet assay. TEM did not detect any nanoparticles in the IVF samples at 0.01 mg/l, but showed, at high concentration (100 mg/l), their endocytosis by the cumulus cells surrounding oocytes and their accumulation along spermatozoa plasma membranes and oocytes zona pellucida. We showed significant DNA damage induced by CeO2NP on human spermatozoa. The genotoxicity was inversely proportional to the concentration. At 0.01 mg/l, the genotoxicity mechanisms involved oxidative stress and close interactions between spermatozoa and CeO2NP.We demonstrate for the first time the impact of CeO2NP on in vitro fertilization, as well as their genotoxicity on mouse gametes and human sperm, at very low nanoparticle concentration exposure. These results support several publications on metal nanoparticles reprotoxicity
MONTICONE, STEPHANIE. "Etude spectroscopique de nanoparticules colloidales semi-conductrices d'oxyde de zinc et d'oxyde de titane." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132035.
Full textMargeat, Olivier. "Effets de taille et de surface sur les propriétés physiques de nanoparticules superparamagnétiques." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30126.
Full textHanini, Amel. "Effets des nanoparticules sur l'angiogenèse et l'organisation astrocytaire, destinés au traitement des gliomes." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077255.
Full textSynthesis of uniform nanoparticles using polyol process has attracted much attention in the lest two decades because of their unique magnetic properties and potentiel bioapplications such as cancer therapy. Iron oxide y-Fe203 and spinel ferrites NPs were chosen due to its high anisotropy constant which assures Brownian relaxation mechanism. Moreover, TEM images shows homogeneous spherical size of the perfides -10 nm. Interestingly, XRD confirmed the inverse spinel structure typical of ferrites. In addition, SQUID measurements at human body temperature (310 K); showed that as-produced NPs exhibit high crystalline quality and superparamagnetic behavior. Our in vitro studies showed that NPs were efficiently up-taken by human endothelial cells, which represent in vivo their first biological barrier. However, NPs can cause cell death, within 24h of exposure, most likely through oxidative stress. Further in vivo exploration suggests that although y-Fe203 NPs are rapidly cleared through urine, they can lead to toxicity in liver, kidneys and lungs, while brain and heart remained unaltered. According to this nanotoxicity data, we have decided to use the as-produced y-Fe203 magnetic NPs for cancer hyperthermie therapy. We found that y-Fe203 exhibit a magnetization close to the bulk materials in relation with their high crystalline quality. This ensures an efficient heating capacity either in water as a suspension or after incubation with different cell Unes. We found also that coupling y-Fe203 NPs with AMF was able to produce about 50% of U87-MG cell death alter 1 h of hyperthermie application. Hence, our study suggested that y-Fe203 NPs could be used for local hyperthermie cancer therapy vith a very short incubation time (4h) as a promising experimental approach for magnetic hyperthermie therapy (MHT) even further improvements have to be performed to decrease NPs toxicity on healthy cells and to increase their targeted delivery
Sayed, Sabsabi Zein El Abidin. "Compétition entre les effets intrinsèques et collectifs dans une assemblée de nanoparticules magnétiques." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1175.
Full textRautou, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Effets biologiques des microparticules humaines sur les cellules endothéliales." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077065.
Full textMicroparticles are 0. 1 to μ m membrane vesicles released following cell activation or apoptosis. Microparticles circulate in the blood of healthy subjects and their levels are increased in high atherothrombotic risk patients. Human atherosclerotic plaques also contain large amounts of microparticles. The objective of this thesis was on the one hand to assess the effects of microparticles present in vivo in two chrome diseases, atherosclerosis and cirrhosis, and on the other hand to study microparticle clearance to better understand the increase in microparticle levels observed in numerous diseases. First, we have shown that human atherosclerotic plaque microparticles contribute to atherosclerosis development and progression. Plaque microparticles harbor ICAM-1, transfer this adhesion molecule to endothelial cells in a phosphatidylserine-dependent manner, and favor inflammatory cells recruitment. Plaque microparticles also induce formation of neovessels, which play a crucial role in plaque vulnerability. Indeed, these microparticles stimulate endothelial cell proliferation after CD40 ligation, and promote in vivo angiogenesis. Second, we have shown that microparticles circulating in the blood of patients with advanced cirrhosis impair response to vasoconstrictive agents and could contribute to portal hypertension. Finally, we have developed two strategies of magnetic labeling of microparticles allowing their non-invasive monitoring by magnetic resonance imaging. We have thus shown that endothelial cell derived microparticles are cleared within few minutes mainly in the spleen. In conclusion, this thesis work shows that microparticles are vectors of biological information
Jomini, Stéphane. "Effets des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane sur les bactéries : de la cellule à la communauté." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0098/document.
Full textNanoparticles have either natural or anthropogenic origin. By technological change, man produces increasing amounts of nanoparticles likely to end in the environment. To prevent inherent risks to human health or environment from these releases, it is necessary to characterize the best potential effects of nanoparticles and to identify the mechanisms governing their interactions with exposed organisms. In this context, the first objective of this work was to highlight the mechanisms governing interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria and document the influence of these interactions on toxicity and genotoxicity of NPs for bacteria. The second objective was to determine how this toxicity and genotoxicity could impact bacteria at community level. Results showed that electrostatic attractive interaction between bacteria and TiO2-NPs conditioned adsorption of nanoparticles on bacterial surfaces and led to the detection of toxicity modulated by electrolytes in solution. In addition, the biophysical determinants of bacterial interphase, particularly the length of LPS and protein type flush with the outer membrane surface, are key parameters in adverse potential of NPs for microorganisms. Taking into account these interactions, we highlighted the mutagenic potential of TiO2-NPs. Toxic and genotoxic effect was found, leading to study the effects on bacterial communities. It has been demonstrated that TiO2-NPs altered the composition, structure and prevalence of planktonic and sessile communities of an aquatic natural freshwater. These studies highlight the potential impact of TiO2-NPs on bacteria in a risk assessment context and suggest that nanoparticles may impact microbial communities and could present a risk to the ecosystem functioning
Pages, Carole. "Etude du comportement en solution de nanoparticules d'oxyde de zinc préparées par voie organométallique : étude du milieu réactionnel, chimie de surface et conditions d'organisation." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/137/.
Full textIn this PHD, we interested in the comportement nanoparticules which prepared by an organometallic method, in solution. Different techniques of characterisation were used (RMN, RMN Dosy, NOE. . . )
Grabowski, Nadège. "Toxicologie pulmonaire de nanoparticules biodégradables : effets cytotoxiques et inflammatoires sur cellules épithéliales et macrophages." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016697.
Full textCohignac, Vanessa. "Réponse macrophagique à des nanoparticules manufacturées : effets de leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques sur l’autophagie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1185/document.
Full textL'exposition à des nanoparticules manufacturées (NP) peut entraîner des effets sur la santé, notamment au niveau respiratoire, où elles peuvent induire des phénomènes de remodelage pulmonaire. Toutefois, les mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents à ces effets et l'influence des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des NP dans ces effets sont encore loin d'être compris. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer la réponse macrophagique à des NP présentant différentes caractéristiques physico-chimiques (taille/longueur, composition chimique, forme, structure cristalline ou propriétés de surface) en se concentrant particulièrement sur leurs effets sur l'autophagie. Nous avons montré que l'exposition de macrophages murins à des nanotubes de carbone multi-parois (MWCNT) induisait un blocage de l'autophagie tandis que l'exposition à des NP sphériques induisait une autophagie fonctionnelle. Le blocage du flux autophagique par les MWCNT est associé à une accumulation de lysosomes non fonctionnels. Par ailleurs, les MWCNT induisaient une réponse oxydante et pro-inflammatoire plus importante que les particules sphériques qui pourrait être lié à leur blocage de l'autophagie. Ces résultats montrent un rôle prépondérant de la forme des nanomatériaux sur le processus autophagique, et ouvrent de nouvelles voies pour l'interprétation et la compréhension de la toxicité des nanomatériaux
Hochepied, Jean-François. "Nanocristaux de ferrites mixtes de cobalt et de zinc : évolution des propriétés magnétiques en fonction de l'occupation des sites." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066245.
Full textDib, Amale el. "Effets d'une supplémentation en acide gammalinolénique sur des rates gestantes déficientes en zinc." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375971826.
Full textKhaled, Sai͏̈da. "Implications des effets hémorhéologiques du zinc et du fer dans l'adaptation à l'exercice." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T006.
Full textBrackx, Gwennhaël. "Approche multidisciplinaire pour la détection de métaux lourds en environnements aquatiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC004/document.
Full textFreshwater management is a major problem all over the world. Anthropogenic activities related to industry, agriculture and human settlements are the main sources of water pollution. In order to makes policies for pollution prevention, rehabilitation of aquatic environments or waste water recycling, it is necessary to acquire massive data on water quality. Current contaminant monitoring methods have high costs and low frequency of measurement due to the incompatibility with field deployment. These two major brakes do not make it possible to monitor pollutant and especially heavy metal concentrations in aquatic environments at relevant spatial and temporal scales. Several international organizations, including the United Nations, have therefore recommended the development of new and better analytical methods.We propose here a technique for measuring heavy metal contaminants based on Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), which would allow a large scale deployment in the field.SERS has many advantages for environmental analysis including sensitivity, specificity, speed of measurement, adaptability to complex matrix and the moderate cost of portable instrument. We will therefore detail the construction of the SERS probe dedicated to the quantification of the target heavy metal ion Zn2+, which is a geochemical marker of anthropogenic contamination, as well as the data processing necessary for the establishment of quantification. Then, we will examine the robustness of the method of quantification with respect to the sources of variability that will inevitably be encountered in natural waters, when used directly in the field
Dadi, Rania. "Synthèse de nanoparticules d‘oxydes métalliques et leur activité antibactérienne." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131039.
Full textThis thesis aims are the synthesis of nanoparticles of metal oxides (CuO, ZnO and TiO₂) by soft chemistry "sol-gel" for applications in the biomedical field. Nanoparticles of ZnO and CuO are prepared from acetate precursors, and TiO₂ is produced in a fast micromixer reactor allowing size control of nanoparticles. Thin layers have been developed by dip-coating process.Metal oxides antibacterial activity has been studied on strains from European Pharmacopoeia; Gram-positive bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus, two Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a fungus : Candida albicans. Different methods have been adopted for antibacterial activity evaluation in vitro: disk diffusion and well diffusion,bioluminescence (ATP measurements) and stall plate technique. Tests carried out showed an antibacterial activity of nanoparticles of ZnO and CuO in amorphous and crystalline form, and only in crystalline form for TiO₂. A mathematical model has been developed based on the results of the antibacterial tests and kinetic evolution of the bacterial population. It concluded that bacterial suppression is more efficient during the exponential phase, while its efficiency is lower during the stationary phase and latency. Cytotoxicity tests of NPs in suspension on gingival fibroblasts showed a decrease in cell viability, in part due to the presence of the solvent
Moussaoui, Myriam. "Elaboration et caractérisations de nouveaux matériaux diélectriques structurés par des nanoparticules de sulfure de zinc : applications prospectives." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4001.
Full textOur efforts have been devoted to the development of simple approach to synthesize ZnS nanoparticules (NPs) by melting process in a glassy matrix with the aim to create a controlled optical index variation. In this thesis, we present the formation of ZnS NPs in the glassy matrix and study of their optical properties. The nanocomposite incorporating ZnS in the host medium was prepared using the melting process from a mixture of the raw materials. We have prepared various glass samples with ZnS NPs size ranging from 1.8 à 7 nm. These samples were treated (heat treatment ± UV insulation with 244 nm laser) and characterized by UV-Vis absorption, FTIR, photoluminescence spectroscopy, Raman measurements and XPS. The refractive index measurements of these nanostructured composite glasses have been carried out and show an important increase with ZnS concentrations and treatments. We also present the elaboration of small and monodisperse ZnS nanopowder with size ranging from 3 to 100 nm by a simple, low-cost and mass production chemical method. The NPs were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ZnS nanopowders was investigated by using different colorant water dispersed. ZnS NPs appear to be a good candidate for potential environmental applications such as water purification. We also present application of fluorescent ZnS nanoparticles as cellular biomarkers. Fluorescent microscopy images of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells revealed that the ZnS nanoparticles were biocompatible and were penetrated cells and nucleus regardless of their size. Hence, the ZnS NPs can be good candidates for drug delivery and bio-imaging applications
Cavallotti, Rémi. "Effets de la terminaison de l’α-alumine sur le comportement au mouillage du zinc." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066409/document.
Full textThe process of continuous hot galvanization consists in annealing and then diving a steel strip in a zinc bath to confer it a protection against corrosion. During the recrystallization annealing step of the so call “high elastic limit’ steels, the additional elements, such as aluminum, segregate and diffuse towards the surface and form oxide islands or superficial film which degrade the zinc adhesion and harm the final quality. This study attempted, on one hand to characterize the selective oxidation of binary alloys and, on the other hand, to improve adhesion at the zinc/α-Al2O3 (0001) interface taken as a test bed. The originality of the research program is to be based on both numerical ab initio simulation (density functional theory) and experiments (UV-vis reflectivity, photoemission, thermal desorption) to determine the parameters of greater relevance.After annealing based on industrial conditions, binary alloys (1.5%- 8% wt.) are totally covered by γ-alumina layer some nanometers in thickness. Gas flow focused on the sample leads to a ‘worm’ like growth of the alumina grains while an homogeneous flow gives rise to a well- structured growth which shows the relevance of the study of Zn/α-alumina (0001).The numerical simulations of the early stage of deposition show that, zinc interacts weakly on a stoichiometric surface (1x1) what is in agreement with experiments. Experiment and theory converge on 0.5 eV for adhesion energy. On the other hand, an excess of surface charge can considerably reinforce the adsorption. Two mechanisms were identified and described in terms of thermodynamics stability according to the environmental conditions (pressure, temperature): (i) electron deficiency present at polar termination, such as oxygen rich (ii) an excess of surface hydroxyls groups issued from water dissociation. Interestingly, this effect is operational on both polar and non-polar terminations. In parallel with experiments, calculation show zinc is able to spill over the hydroxyls groups and interact strongly with the surface. Adhesion energy is 7 eV which is in a good agreement with the 3.5 eV of experimental value. Extended over the 3d transition metals series, the calculations identify titanium as the element exposing the strongest interaction with alumina. By focusing on the adhesive characteristics at the Zn/alumina interfaces, calculations show that titanium enrichment can indeed improve considerably the adhesion
Safi, Malak. "Nanoparticules inorganiques et nanofils magnétiques : toxicité et étude physique des interactions avec les cellules vivantes." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077029.
Full textThe inorganic nanoparticles, due to their size (< 100 nm) are being used in a wide range of applications including industries (cosmetics, automotive. . . ) and biomedicine (cancer therapy, drug delivery. . . ). However, the toxicity of these nanoparticles and their impact on the environment and possible health risks have not yet been fully evaluated. The evaluation of the toxicity appears to be difficult, considering the existence of different parameters such as the chemical composition of the nanoparticles, their size, their surface, their morphology, their uptake, and the type of targeted cells. The objective of our work is the study of the toxicity of these nanoparticles, and their interactions with living cells. We especially study the effects of the chemical composition, the coating, and the shape of the cerium oxide (CeO₂), iron oxide (y-Fe₂O₃), and the nanostructured materials synthesized from these particles. The cellular viability assays showed that the uptake inside mammalian cells and the toxicity depend on the nature of the particle, and also on the type of coating. Indeed, the polymers of weak molecular weight, adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles are more stable than the classic ligands and make them stealth. Surprisingly, despite their shape and length, the magnetic nanowires synthesized from y-Fe₂O₃), are taken up by the cells. Their biocompatibility and their biodegradability pave the way for applications in biophysics and nanomedicine
Mrazek, Jan. "Sol-gel synthesis of ternary ZnxTiyOz nanostructures for applications in solar cell technologies and photonics." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S055.
Full textL'étude examine la préparation de phases ternaires de formule générale ZnxTiyOz par la voie sol-gel, leur caractérisation et l'application éventuelle dans la photonique. Résultats obtenus apporte des nouvelles connaissances fondamentales sur les processus de formation de nanocristaux ZnxTiyOz de xérogels amorphe et donne des nouvelles informations sur les propriétés structurales et opto-électrique de matériaux préparés. Sur la base des résultats présentés, la plupart de toutes de phase reportée composant de ZnxTiyOz avec la taille et la structure nanocristalline façonner peuvent être préparés comme des poudres ou des couches minces. Une méthode souple qui permet la préparation de spinelle inverse Zn2TiO4, cubes spinelle défaut ZnTiO3 et rhomboédrique ZnTiO3 avec des tailles de nanocristaux a été créé sur mesure. Dans la deuxième partie de l'étude, les approches élaborées dans la première partie ont été exploitées avec succès pour la préparation des couches minces à définir la structure et la composition nanocristallin sélectionné. Dans la troisième partie on a démontré que des nanoparticules d'oxyde de zinc préparé par le procédé sol-gel peut être utilisé avec succès dans le cadre des matrices d'accueil pour l'élément terre rare permettant la préparation des fibres optiques actives avec des paramètres près de fibres optiques préparé par la solution standard ou par la méthode de dopage modifiée
Presume, Mirlande. "Effets respiratoires d'expositions répétées, à des nanoparticules d'oxydes de manganèse et de fer chez la souris." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1067.
Full textTraduction de Reverso en Anglais The study of the respiratory effects of sprays of metal oxides by inhalation to the mouse is motivated by the observations at the patients welders. Indeed, the welders develop cardio-respiratory pathologies which could be directly or indirectly bound to the exhibition in smokes of soldering. These smokes of soldering are consisted of various chemical species, dusts but also nanoparticles (NP). Indeed, we find NP until 80 % in number and mass 11 % in smokes of soldering. With the aim of estimating the role of the component nanoparticulaire smokes of soldering, my thesis subject is centered on the study of the respiratory effects of exhibitions repeated to the sprays of NP of iron oxide and manganese by inhalation to the mouse
Rousseau, Carole. "Vectorisation du G-CSF à l'aide de nanoparticules de polyalkycyanoacrylates." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P201.
Full textIvosev, Vladimir. "Nanoparticules pour la radiothérapie et protonthérapie : internalisation et localisation dans les cellules humaines et impact sur les effets d’irradiation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS160.
Full textRadiation therapy is one of the main modalities for cancer treatment. However, its use is limited due to damage induced in healthy tissues and radioresistance in some cases. However, improvements are needed to improve tumor targeting and treatment effectiveness. One of the proposed improvements is the use of nanoparticles composed of high-atomic number elements that have the property of amplifying the effect of ionizing radiation. Gold nanoparticles are one of the most promising agents, because of their low toxicity and the possibility of binding molecules on their surface. The effectiveness of small gold nanoparticles functionalized with DTDTPA (< 3 nm) has been proven. However, little data exists on the link between the amplification effects in respect to the internalization dynamics and their location in cells. This work focused on studying the internalization and excretion dynamics of these nanoparticles, as well as their location in different cancer cell lines and in human fibroblasts. An attempt to correlate the radiation effects with these data is proposed. The results obtained in this work show that the dynamics of absorption and excretion, as well as the predominant internalization pathways of gold nanoparticles, strongly depend on the cell line. The amount of internalized gold, resulting from these mechanisms, also varies. These internalization mechanisms impact the localization of nanoparticles in the various subcellular organelles, due to the specific internalization pathways. Finally, a link is proposed between the intracellular localization of gold nanoparticles and their colocalization with subcellular organelles.In conclusion, these results indicate that the effectiveness of nanoparticles depends on the cancerous line that is treated. Although in vivo experiments are still needed to validate these results, this work proposes original methods for rapid characterization and prediction of the effects of agents on cells
Willems, Glenda. "Characterisation of zinc and cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis halleri." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/481f2da5-d398-40e2-b36f-2796fb68be85.
Full textPiot, Lucas. "Influence de l’énergie d’interface sur les transitions de phase sous pression : étude de nanoparticules d’oxydes fonctionnels." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10238/document.
Full textThe modification of phase diagrams under pressure into nanosized materials in comparison with bulk ones is usually attributed to surface energy. The goal of this work has consisted into studying the influence of interface energy, which includes both the surface state (crystalline defects and surface chemistry) and surface energy, on the high-pressure behavior of several nanomaterials for which size effects has been reported. The control and characterization of the surface state for Y2O3 nanoparticles has enabled us to show that the pressure induced amorphization reported into literature is not only linked to size reduction but require an initial density of defects A strong size dependence of ZnO transition pressure is claimed into literature. The high-pressure study of different ZnO nanometric samples (obtained through several ways of synthesis) has been performed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The crystalline quality of our samples has been investigated by photoluminescence, XPS, Raman and IR. Whereas samples exhibiting a high density of defects lead to an increase of pressure transition, the behaviour of “defect free” nanoparticles is rather equivalent to bulk one. Several approaches and extensions of thermodynamic models are submitted: model of Gibbs, Landau and Ginzburg-Landau. Those models open the way to the definition of an experimental protocol which allow to obtain reliable data in order to study phase transitions of nanomaterials under pressure
Arnould, Amandine. "Caractérisation de nanoparticules en milieux complexes : Applications à des nanoparticules organiques et métalliques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI098/document.
Full textThe extensive use of nanomaterials has raised awareness about health issues and their fate in the environment. That is why they are now subject to regulation that has imposed their traceability from their manufacturing to their distribution as the establishment of their characteristics (chemical composition, size, agglomeration state, shape ...). A characterization routine for nanoparticles in suspension was developed. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) fulfills most of the criteria cited before by combining imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Three sample preparation methods were optimized to ensure high quality results : a dry process, rapid freezing to vitrify the sample and the use of an textit{in-situ} liquid TEM holder to prevent any preparation artefact (no phase change). To obtain quantitative analysis, a comparison was made between Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS), with and without a fractionation system (AF4), and TEM. To support this work, two nanomaterials were analyzed. The first one is a nanoemulsion composed of lipid nanoparticles stabilized by surfactants used as nanocarriers for drug delivery. Their stability after protein interaction was investigate and some size variations were observed. The second material is a powder composed of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used as UV filters in sunscreens. These nanoparticles were analyzed before and after interaction with UV radiation in a climatic chamber to confirm their stability. The different protocols developed in this PhD may be used for the analysis of other nanomaterials
Sofiani, Zouhair. "Contributions à l'étude des propriétés optiques non linéaires de nanoparticules en couches minces à base de ZnO." Angers, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00152894.
Full textTransparent conducting films continue to receive considerable attention from both fundamental and application point of view primarily because of their useful properties. Of particular interest is zinc oxide a \textit{n} type semiconductor that exhibits excellent optical, electrical, catalytic and gas sensing properties and has a gamut of applications in the various fields, as well as the optoelectronic devices. From this point of view, we studied the influence of doping agent, deposition and annealing temperatures, substrate type and deposition techniques on the nonlinear optical response of ZnO. We noted that the nonlinear answer depends extremely on these parameters. In particular we showed that the nonlinear answer depends upon the structural and optical quality of the films
Triboulet, Sarah. "Etude des effets de deux types de nanoparticules métalliques sur des macrophages murins par une approche protéomique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV021/document.
Full textMetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are more and more widely used, from industrial processes to biomedical research.However, data on their potential toxicity towards organisms are still lacking, especially regarding molecularmechanisms. It has been proven that some inorganic particles can lead to diseases when tissues are chronicallyexposed. In the case of pulmonary silicosis and asbestosis, induced by silica particles and asbestos fibers, chronicinflammation through alveolar macrophages is responsible for the disease. Indeed, macrophages are the firstdefense against exogenous attacks, like pathogens or inorganic compounds, which are eliminated throughphagocytosis and inflammatory processes that are part of the innate immune response. Thus, this study aimedat analyzing the molecular effects of both copper- and zinc-based NPs (Cu/CuO and ZnO) on murinemacrophages cell lines. To this end, a reproducible proteomic-based approach using 2D electrophoresis andmass spectrometry was used. The proteomic data were validated using targeted approaches on both cell linesand primary macrophages. Our results show that both NPs exert similar high cytotoxicity, but the molecularresponses are markedly different. Copper-based NPs strongly induce oxidative stress as well as alterations inmitochondrial metabolism, phagocytosis, and inflammatory mediators’ production. These effects seem to bemostly related to the redox properties of copper, and are specific to the NP form. Conversely, zinc inducedlimited effects on the same processes, thus leading to no significant alterations in macrophages’ immunefunctions. These effects are not NP-specific, since Zn2+ ions seem to exert most of them, probably due to theirability to interact with numbers of proteins, slightly altering their normal functions, and eventually leading onlyto cell death without prior functional alterations. This study allowed us to highlight some molecular mechanismsof both NP’s toxicity
Collins, Martha. "Étude des effets des nanoparticules de silice sur la détection électrochimique des ions à l’interface liquide-liquide." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0136/document.
Full textThe interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) can act as a scaffold for the assembly of nanometer-sized objects. The assembly of nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces has numerous advantages – the nanoparticles do not require engineering, can assemble given proper conditions, are practically non-degrading and easily renewable. Research is ongoing into their use as a platform for tunable optical devices, sensors and catalysis. The adsorption of both dense and mesoporous silica nanoparticles at the ITIES was studied by AC voltammetry. Their interactions with methylene blue (MB+) and Eosin B (EB-), selected as a model ions, were studied by cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The thermodynamic constants of adsorption of MB+ were found to be 1.66 105 and 3.68 103 onto dense and mesoporous silica nanoparticles respectively. The difference of adsorption constants for the two types of silica was explained by their differing ionisation states. The Gibbs energy of transfer of MB+ is shifted by -8.9 kJ mol-1 in the presence of dense silica nanoparticles, giving some insights to the transfer mechanism of MB+ in presence of nanoparticles. Combining the ability of silica to adsorb onto the ITIES and their affinity for MB+, MB+ was accumulated at the ITIES and so an increase in sensitivity of electrochemical detection was achieved. Eosin B demonstrated no affinity for the silica nanoparticles and its transfer at the ITIES was not influenced by their presence. Next the focus was placed on improving the selectivity of the interaction by synthesising imprinted silica nanoparticles, more specifically, Diclofenac-imprinted dense silica nanoparticles. This drug was chosen as it is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has been placed on the European watch list of emerging pollutants. The thermodynamic constants were calculated as 7.47 108 for Diclofenac-imprinted silica and only 2.96 107 for non-imprinted silica. Thus the presence of imprint cavities greatly influences the affinity of diclofenac for the silica nanoparticles. The analogues of Diclofenac (Aceclofenac, Acid diclofenac, 4-phenyl azo benzoic acid) were shown to have a very limited affinity for the imprinted particles. Electrochemical experiments at the liquid-liquid interface revealed that the diclofenac transfer is blocked by the presence of imprinted particles
Martinet, Quentin. "Étude des effets environnementaux sur les modes acoustiques confinés de nanoparticules par diffusion inélastique de la lumière." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1152/document.
Full textOver the past twenty years, inelastic light scattering by vibrational eigenmodes of nanoparticles, called Lamb modes, has proven to be an effective method for characterizing the size and mechanical properties of nano-objects. The resonant frequency of a nano-sphere, in the gigahertz range, is given, as a first approximation, by the ratio of the acoustic velocity of the bulk material and the size of confinement. The refinements of the theoretical model allow to obtain, from these eigenmodes, information on the shape and local environment of nano-objects.The objective of this thesis is to probe the domain of validity of the Lamb model, to analyze the different impacts of the environment on eigenmodes and to develop a new strategy to measure them. Several aspects of interaction with the external medium can be considered depending on the system studied. On the one hand, the delocalization of the acoustic wave in the case of core shell systems is ruled by the acoustic impedance of the core and the shell and leads to a mechanical coupling. On the other hand, the inertial mass effect induced by the presence of organic ligands on the surface of the particle modifies the resonant frequency. The validity of both approaches is discussed according to the configuration and these models are applied to real cases, such as semiconductor core shell nanoparticles and nanoplatelets, or gold colloidal clusters. The inertial mass effect is significant for small objects and it is shown the feasibility to realize ultra-sensitive nano-balance capable of probing the local environment of nano-objects. Furthermore, in the case of gold clusters, this approach makes it possible to discuss the limit of the Lamb model, based on continuum mechanics, to interpret vibrations involving only six atoms. Thanks to low frequency Raman spectroscopy, it appears that the experimental results are in good agreement with both the continuum mechanics approach, by considering the inertial mass effect, and also with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the experimental development of an optical set-up capable of measuring low frequency Raman modes on a single nanoparticle in a liquid medium is presented. This technic requires to localize a nanoparticle in a liquid medium with plasmonic tweezers and to enhance the low frequency Raman signal by stimulating vibrational modes with electrostriction. The perspectives are to apply this method to the dynamical study of a single object such as viruses or proteins
Verdier, Thomas. "Elaboration de poudres nanostructurées de ferrites de manganèse-zinc par mécanosynthèse : Influence des paramètres de broyage." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES042.
Full textSpinel ferrites compounds are widely used for their technological applications, which are essentially their magnetic and catalytic properties. Nanocrystalline Mn-Zn ferrites have been synthesized by high-energy ball milling in different media (tempered steel and WC) starting from simple oxides (α-Fe2O3, ZnO and MnO). This technique leads to a change in the distribution of cations in both sites, resulting in an increase of magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectrometry and VSM are used to characterize the powders. This work shows that a redox reaction is observed between Fe11 and metalling iron during milling in steel medium, leading to a spinel phase containing some Fe11. The mechanism for the appearance of this phase is studied : ZnO seems to have a non negligeable influence on the synthesis, by creating an intermediate wüstite-type phase solid solution with FeO. Millings in WC medium permit to avoid the Fe11 contamination
Ramjauny, Yaasiin. "A model system to give an insight into the behaviour of gold nanoparticles under ion irradiation." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/56/51/45/PDF/these_ramjauny.pdf.
Full textEn anglais : Nanocomposites fabricated with ion-based techniques have a number of attractive characteristics. However, the main and most crucial diculty in obtaining commercial NPs-based devices is the inability to produce a suitable narrow size and spatial NP distributions. The objective of this thesis is twofold: i) to go further in the description of the behavior of the ion-driven NPs and ii) to overcome the limitations related to the ion-beam techniques providing a guideline methodology to rationalize the synthesis of NPs when ion-beams are used. Thus, a model system is fabricated. It consists of chemically synthesized metallic nanoparticles sandwiched between two silica layers. We show how the ion irradiation and the temperature can be used to tune the size distribution of the embedded NPs. Moreover, we show that when an initially large NPs size distribution is considered, the study of the growth kinetic of the NPs under irradiation can be problematic. Our model system is than used to investigate in detail the behavior of the NPs under irradiation. We show that the evolution of the precipitate phase under irradiation is successfully described by an Ostwald ripening mechanism in an open system limited by the diusion. Moreover, the concentration threshold for nucleation as well as the surface tension and the gold diusivity in silica under irradiation is estimated. Finally, direct and inverse Ostwald ripening processes under irradiation are systematically investigated and the existing theoretical models experimentally checked
Chassaing, Pierre-Marie. "Quelques illustrations du rôle de la surface dans des nanoparticules de ZnO." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00406581.
Full textNous montrons que les modes de vibration permettent d'illustrer des effets de surface, lesquels sont de deux types. Premièrement vient la réduction de la taille. L'élasticité linéaire ne décrit plus correctement les modes propres acoustiques pour des tailles inférieures à 2.5 nm. Les expériences que nous avons menées sont en accord avec ce point. Deuxièmement, nous montrons que les ligands qui habillent les nanoparticules sont préférentiellement localisés sur la surface latérale de ces dernières; et qu'ils étirent légèrement la maille cristalline de ZnO.
Concernant les propriétés excitoniques, l'exciton est piégé à la surface des nanoparticules. En outre, de part la dynamique de recombinaison très rapide, le processus de recombinaison de l'exciton est dominé par des mécanismes non-radiatifs.