Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanoparticules – Mélange'
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Plays, Thibault. "Influence d’un champ magnétique sur la séparabilité d’un mélange de molécules paramagnétiques et diamagnétiques." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM045.
Full textThe purpose of my thesis is to evaluate the impact of a magnetic field on the separation process of a mixture of paramagnetic and diamagnetic molecules. More precisely, the system of interest is the air. Oxygen, nitrogen and argon have quite similar chemicophysical properties, so the energy and the economical cost to separate those molecules are pretty high. However, the magnetic properties of those three molecules are different : the oxygen is paramagnetic whereas the nitrogen and the argon are diamagnetic. The internal energy of oxygen increases when a magnetic field is applied to the molecule, and a force attracts the oxygen towards the area with the higher magnetic field. The objective was to explore different ways to apply a magnetic field to our system in order to observe an impact on the possibility to separate the molecules. Literature reveals three major axes of study. The first one is the thermodynamic study of liquid-vapor equilibrium under a magnetic field. The second one is about the impact of a magnetic field on the hydrodynamic flow of gaseous air. And the le last one, concerns the magnetic membranes composed of a membrane doped with magnetic particles. Those three axes have been studied. A theoretical analysis and several experiments have been conducted to observe an impact of the magnetic field. The strategy was to explore many approaches with a multitude of prototype in order to find the most valuable solution for a separation process. For the magnetic membranes, we had neither the knowledge to synthesis one nor the time to acquire one. However, we tried to reproduce the concept to evaluate the potential of magnetic nanoparticles in a separation process. The interaction between nanoparticles and oxygen has been evaluated. A campaign of measure on the solubility of oxygen in a ferrofluide (solvent containing magnetic nanoparticles) has been conducted. We prove that the impact of the magnetic field on the liquid/vapor equilibrium is too weak to use it in an industrial separation process. The lead of a kinetic process is more encouraging. The experiments with hydrodynamic flows seem to be impact by a magnetic field, even if this impact is pretty moderate. In this work, the complexity of the simulation of the phenomenon in order to establish the best geometry and conditions for the process was described. However, the lead of nanoparticles is promising. Even if my study did not reveal any influence of the magnetic field on the solubility in a ferrofluid nor on the interaction between oxygen and the nanoparticles, literature shows impressive results for systems using magnetic membranes
Limage, Stéphanie. "Relations entre propriétés et structures dans les émulsions stabilisées par un mélange de tensioactifs et de nanoparticules." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30053.
Full textThis thesis is part of the ISS/FSL/FASES project which aims at understanding emulsion ageing mechanisms in microgravity. This manuscript is dedicated to the ground study of these emulsions, and particularly to those stabilized by surfactant/nanoparticles mixtures. These emulsions are diluted and composed of a paraffin oil continuous phase and an aqueous dispersed phase composed of the surfactant/particle mixtures. Emulsion characterization is performed with optical tomographic microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. A preliminary investigation of the dispersed phase shows that the proportion of surfactant and nanoparticles changes the rheological and microscopic properties of these mixtures. These changes allow the characterization of the coupling between surfactant molecules and nanoparticles. When these mixtures are emulsified in paraffin oil, a transition in the droplets morphology is evidenced. Indeed, dispersed phase droplets exhibit different shapes depending on the ratio of surfactant and nanoparticle concentrations: from spherical (for high ratios) they become polymorphous (for small ratios). Observations of these emulsions with cryo-scanning electron microscopy show the existence of nanoparticles microstructures that helps the understanding of the origin of droplets deformation
Lapierre-Boire, Louis-Philippe. "Impact de l'ajout de nanoparticules sur l'écoulement de mélanges de poudre à base de fer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27117/27117.pdf.
Full textGravel, Olivier. "The emergence of liquid mixing from spinning magnetic nanoparticules in rotating magnetic fields : visualisation and characterisation towards a better understanding of the underlying phenomena." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25246.
Full textThe present work further explores the use of MNPs in colloidal suspensions as nano-scale devices to manipulate mixing at the micro-scale when the whole system is subject to magnetic fields. First, the coherent structures emerging from rotating MNPs are visually observed using a microscopic imaging protocol and are quantitatively analyzed with a multi-resolution wavelet transforms based technique. The results demonstrate the significant effect of nanofluid composition and magnetic field parameters on the inception of coherent vortical structures inside the fluid. Secondly, the separation of the stirring MNPs from the continuous phase by using magnetic nanofluid emulsions is evaluated by comparing the torque exerted by MNPs in emulsions with the one in equivalent colloidal suspensions under magnetic fields. The very similar effective mixing indicates, for rotating magnetic fields, that the momentum developed by spinning MNPs inside emulsion droplets is transferable not only to the droplets but also to the surrounding liquid.
Cortial, Angèle. "Nouvelles applications des nanoparticules organiques : de la vectorisation d'un mélange d'actifs à travers la peau jusqu'au développement d'un test diagnostique in vitro de l'allergie aux parfums." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10018/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to develop and optimize methods for fragrance mix I (FMI) encapsulation into nanoparticles (NPs) of two types of nanoparticles (NPs) : polymeric NPs (poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL) and solid lipid NPs (SLNs) (prepared with petrolatum, shea butter, candelilla wax, C10-18 triglycerides, or cetyl palmitate). Then, these new NPss were evaluated as vectors through a pig skin to analyze the distribution of the FMI molecules in the different skin layers. In parallel, NPs have also been applied as solubilizers for the development of a new in vitro test for the diagnosis of fragrance allergy. Our results show that (i) NPs polymers, mainly anionic NPs, are the most suitable vectors to promote trans-epidermal penetration of fragrance. On the contrary, SLNs were found in the stratum corneum, leading to an accumulation of fragrance in this layer; (ii) whatever the type of NPs, the penetration of the FMI molecules in the deeper layers of the skin depends on their intrinsic partition coefficient; (iii) PCL-NPs significantly increase the FMI solubilization in conventional culture media and, allowing a robust reactivation of circulating specific T cells in patients with allergy to fragrances. All of these results confirm the potential of organic NPs for the development of future strategies (for the skin delivery of several actives in the different skin layers). These new vectors further offer a promising alternative to improve the diagnosis of contact dermatitis induced by fragrances and more generally by hydrophobic allergens
Hatat, Fraile Mélisa Marie. "Etude des méthodes d'élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre de photocatalyseurs pour le traitement de la micro pollution bio-réfractaire dans l'eau." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20043/document.
Full textThis PhD work is devoted to the elaboration of photocatalytic membranes using TiO2 nanoparticles synthetized by sol-gel process (titanium tetra-isopropoxyde precursor – water). Sols are prepared in sol-gel reactor with rapid turbulent micro-mixing. The effect of hydrodynamic using 3 T mixers (T simple, T with 3 baffles and T with narrow) during the mixing was studied with k-ε modeling Computational fluid Dynamics (CFD), as well as the morphology and the photo-activity of thin layers deposited on alumina support during induction period. Differences on hydrodynamic during micro-mixing have only impact on the time of nanoparticles stability (induction period). Photo-active thin layers and membranes are synthesized for coupling membrane separation and photocatalytic reaction. Photocatalytic activities of thin layers and membranes are performed with an aqueous solution of acid orange 7. Significant increases of permeate flux are observed during the filtration of water and solution containing dye. Effects of concentration and pH are evaluated on permeation flux and photodegradation
Chartier, Carole. "Etude de mélanges polyoléfine-nanoparticules d'élastomères : morphologie et rhéologie." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1010.pdf.
Full textThe objectives of this study consist in preparing new polymeric materials by the incorporation of Sunigum elastomeric nanoparticles in a polyethylene matrix. It might thus be possible to obtain softer materials at room temperature as well as to extend the processing possibilities by changing the rheological behaviour in the molten state. By adding Sunigum® particles to polyethylene matrix, the dynamic moduli of the blends increase in the melt state: it is a suspension effect. On the other hand, the addition of Sunigum® particles leads to more complex behaviour in capillary rheometer. The analysis of extruders by RAMAN spectrometry shows a selective migration of constituents towards the wall of the capillary according to the shear rate. The compatibilisation of such blends is a key factor of this study. It allows to avoid the particles aggregation, to obtain an interfacial adhesion and good mechanical properties. The addition of a copolymer like Lotader as a compatibiliser increases the elastic character of the blend when the concentration of particles increases, implying a effect of suspension more pronounced at low frequencies et in capillary rheometer, a migration is inhibited by the addition of compatibiliser
Moreira, Raul da Costa. "Implementation of a high resolution optical feedback interferometer for microfluidics applications." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0028.
Full textRecent progress of interferometric sensors based on the optical feedback in a laser diode have demonstrated possibility for measurement of flow rates and flow-profiles at the micro-scale. That type of compact and embedded sensors is very promising for a research and industrial field –microfluidics – that is a growing domain of activities, at the frontiers of the physics, the chemical science, the biology and the biomedical. However, the acquisition of flow rate or local velocity at high resolution remains a very challenging issue, and the sensors that have been proposed so far did not have been giving sufficient information on the nature of the particles flowing. The present thesis is driven to the implementation, validation and evaluation of the sensing performances of the optical feedback interferometry technology in both chemical and biomedical fields of applications. The elaboration of a new generation of sensors that will provide both a high spatial resolution for 2D Doppler imaging is presented, as well as a methodology that gives further information on the flowing particles concentration and/or dimensions. Then, a new embedded optical feedback interferometry imager for flowmetry has been realized using a 2-axis beamsteering mirror mounted on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) thus taking the full advantage of the compactness offered by the optical feedback interferometry sensing scheme. While previous works on optical feedback interferometry flowmetry have been limited to high particle densities fluids in single or multiple scattering regimes, we present also a sensing technique based on the optical feedback interferometry scheme in a laser diode that enables single particle detection at micro and nanoscales through the Doppler-Fizeau effect. Thanks to the proposed signal processing, this sensing technique can detect the presence of single spherical polystyrene micro/nanospheres seeded in watery suspensions, and measure their flow velocity, even when their diameter is below half the laser wavelength. It discriminates particle by their diameter up to a ratio of 5 between large and small ones while most of the technologies for particle characterization is bulk and requires manipulation of the fluid with small volume handling, precise flow and concentration control. Altogether, the results presented in this thesis realize a major improvement for the use of optical feedback interferometry in the chemical engineering or biomedical applications involving micro-scale flows
Azzouz, Fayçal. "Frittage de mélanges de poudres d'alumine sous champ micro-onde." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT016H.
Full textYan, Xiang. "Design of biphasic polymeric fiber from melt-spinning charged with nanoparticles : effects of the formulation and the fillers localization, to obtain a functionalized fiber at surface level." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I084.
Full textThe work aims to make the functional porous polypropylene (PP) fibers as well as PP microfibers, by the melt spinning of PP-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends followed with the selective phase extraction of PVA. The objective is to first find out the optimal ratio of PP and PVA for fabrication of multifilament yarns by melt spinning, and to localize the filler at the biphasic interface. The fillers include not only the homogenously modified silica nanoparticles, but also the kaolinite Janus particles. The concomitant morphology evolution of the extrudates and fibers were observed. The work mainly discusses about the fabrication of porous fibers, but also makes an exploratory experiment to reverse the ratio to fabricate the microfibers. It was found that the ratio of two polymers as 70 wt.%/30 wt.% is an ideal formula for fabricating the porous fibers. Both of the two fillers are successfully tailored at the biphasic interface. The localization of silica nanoparticles within the biphasic can be fixed by the thermodynamic control, and one of the sorts has been dominantly localized at the biphasic interface. In addition, the Janus particles provide an alternative way to have the interface localization, which even helps the mechanical enhancement. The feasibility of microfiber production with the embedment of the fillers was also demonstrated
Parpaite, Thibault. "Synthèse de nanoparticules hybrides asymétriques et étude de leur effet compatibilisant dans des mélanges de polymères." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20103/document.
Full textPolymers materials usually named « plastics » are widely present in our daily life. Their intrinsic properties often need to be improved in order to respect regulations, standards and others specifications governing their commercial use. Thus, two main strategies are used. The first one consists in incorporating solid fillers to improve some mechanical properties. The second one is based on the mixing of two polymers with specific characteristics to obtain a new material combining the properties of the two initial polymers used. The main goal of this work is to synthesize nanoparticles able to combine the both strategies presented before. To do this, a protocol of synthesis by miniemulsion based on an intern phase separation process was employed and hybrid asymmetric nanoparticles were obtained. These hybrid asymmetric nanoparticles correspond to a silica core (around 50 nanometers diameter) with only one hemisphere grafted by polystyrene (PS) chains resulting in a PS nodule (around 80 nanometers diameter). Then, these asymmetric silica/PS nanoparticles were incorporated into a polystyrene/polyamide-6 (PS/PA6) blend and their migration to the matrix/nodule interface was highlighted by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental and theoretical investigations were focus on the phenomena involved in this migration. To evaluate the compatibilizing effect of silica/PS nanoparticles, several PS/PA6 nanocomposites with various contents of nanoparticles were prepared. A significant decrease of PA6 nodules size as function of nanoparticles concentration was observed by SEM and diffraction particle size analyzer which prove an emulsifying effect for silica/PS nanoparticles. Finally, the rheological tests at the melted state combined with an adjusted Palierne model method, show a decrease of the apparent interfacial tension of the blend as function of the silica/PS nanoparticles content
Ville, Julien. "Alliages de thermoplastiques immiscibles Polyéthylène/Polyamide chargés de nanoparticules d'argile : relations structure – morphologie – rhéologie." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397353.
Full textL'un des principaux résultats est que l'ajout de faibles fractions d'argile réduit considérablement la taille des nodules. Les mécanismes responsables de cette réduction de taille dépendent de la localisation de l'argile. L'argile localisée à l'interface favorise la formation d'une interphase. Dans ce cas, la réduction de la taille des nodules est attribuée à la suppression de la coalescence (effet stérique inter-nodulaire) combinée à une réduction de la tension interfaciale apparente. L'argile présente dans la matrice engendre une augmentation de la viscosité de cette dernière, favorisant la rupture des nodules. Elle génère aussi un effet barrière à la coalescence, amplifiant la réduction de la taille des nodules.
Les propriétés viscoélastiques linéaires sont discutées en relation avec la structure et la morphologie. Le comportement rhéologique des systèmes ternaires à matrice PE est proche de celui du mélange PE/PA tandis que les systèmes à matrice PA suffisamment chargés ont un comportement comparable à celui d'un nanocomposite PA/C30B.
Pour de faibles taux de charge, nous avons aussi montré que l'utilisation d'un mélange maître lors de l'élaboration améliore le niveau d'intercalation et le degré d'exfoliation de l'argile, et modifie les différents mécanismes responsables de la réduction en taille des nodules.
Ville, Julien. "Alliages de thermoplastiques immiscibles polyéthylènes-polyamide chargés de nanoparticules d'argile : relations structure, morphologie, rhéologie." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2001.
Full textThe originality of this study is to compare structural, morphological and rheological characteristics of two ternary blends having a nodular morphology: the first one, a polyethylene (PE) matrix blend and the other one, a polyamide (FA) matrix blend. The organoclay used is a modified montmorillonite (C30B) having a good affinity towards PA. One of the main results of this study is the drastic nodules size reduction by adding small fractions of organoclay. Mechanisms, responsible of this size reduction, depend on clay location. Clay localized at the interface favours the formation of an interphase. In this case, the nodule size reduction is attributed to the coalescence suppression (internodular steric repulsion) combined with the decrease of interfacial tension. The dispersion of clay in the matrix generates. An increase of the viscosity, favouring the mechanism of rupture of nodules. Moreover, the nodule size reduction is amplified by suppressing coalescence due to the dispersion of clay in the matrix. The linear viscoelastic properties are discussed in relation to structure and morphology. The rheological behaviour of PE matrix blends is closed to that of the PE/PA neat blend. On the other hand, PA matrix blend behaviour is comparable to that of PA/C30B nanocomposites. At low clay fractions, we also showed that the use of a PA/C30B masterbatch for the preparation of samples improves the level of intercalation and exfoliation degree of clay, so modifying mechanisms responsible of nodule size reduction
Durand, Nelly. "Synthèses de nanoparticules fluorées pour application dans les revêtements." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENCM0003.
Full textThis thesis is part of a project of the National Research Agency (ANR) which involved two companies and two university laboratories. The objective of this project is to improve the mechanical properties (abrasion resistance) and thermal (degradation temperature) nonstick fluorinated coatings by incorporating silica nanoparticles. However, silica is a hydrophilic filler which is hardly dispersed in a fluoridated matrix. Therefore, we planned to modify its surface with fluorinated reagents, and the nature of various precursors has an influence on improving the nanoparticles dispersion. Thus, we, as a first chapter, studied the miscibility and compatibility of the fluoropolymers. Fluoropolymers are known for their very attractive properties like chemical inertness, hydrophobicity and thermal. But these very good properties of fluoropolymers sometimes cause difficulties application, we chose to work with two fluorinated copolymers, poly (TFE-co-HFP), a copolymer based on tetrafluoroethylene (TFE,-CF2-CF2-) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP,-CF(CF3)-CF2-) neighbor of PTFE used for coatings, and poly (VDF-co-HFP), a copolymer composed of vinylidene fluoride (VDF, -CH2-CF2) and hexafluoropropylene. They have good properties and are easy to use in blend due to their low melting temperatures (140 and 275° C for poly (VDF-co-HFP) and poly (TFE-co-HFP), respectively). Blends have been realized and characterized between two semi-crystalline copolymers but also with a fluorinated polyether composed of several units of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO,-CF(CF3)CF2O-) which is completely amorphous. The results obtained from these blends indicated that the three types of precursors can be used for fluorinated surface modifications and in function of the fluoropolymer : compounds are based on TFE (-CF2-CF2-), VDF (-CH2-CF2-) and HFPO (-CF(CF3)CF2O-). Thus, in the second chapter, the synthesis of these fluorinated precursors containing VDF and HFPO units are shown for this, two polymerization methods were carried out : 1) The iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) of VDF ; 2) The anionic polymerization by ring opening of HFPO. These products were characterized by 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, GPC, XRD, TGA and DSC. Oligomers of the TFE (CnF2n+1-I or CnF2n+1-C2H4-SH with n = 4 or 6) have not been prepared because of the risks incurred during the handling of TFE (explosive gas). After their synthesis, functionalization and characterization, we have grafted them on the surface of silica nanoparticles. The main method used is the "grafting onto" which allows to modify the surface of inorganic particles with macromolecules (oligomers or polymers) and the third chapter presents three methods of grafting : 1) The radical addition of RFI and/or RFC2H4SH on a double bond (vinyl or allyl) ; 2) The condensation of an oligomer based HFPO functionalized methyl ester on a silica with amine functions ; 3) The most commonly used hydrolysis-condensation, using oligo (HFPO) functionalized alkoxysilane. The analysis methods used to characterize these fluorinated nanohybrids are the 1H and 29Si solid state NMR, FTIR, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. We used these different surface modification to obtain a wide range of modified silica with fluorinated groups. After their characterization, these fluorinated silica are introduced by blend into two fluorinated matrices poly (VDF-co-HFP) and poly (TFE-co-HFP). The fourth is dedicated to the study of nanocomposite poly (VDF-co-HFP) / silica. Initially, a state of the art is presented as this type of composite has been widely discussed in the literature contrary to nanocomposites poly (VDF-co-HFP) or poly (TFE-co-HFP) with fluorinated nanoparticles
Galbrun, Ernest. "Conception et caractérisation d'un dispositif innovant de collecte de nanoparticules de l'air pour l'analyse biologique." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0144.
Full textThe detection of airborne pathogens constitutes a major sanitary concern. Ln addition to the improvement of the various analysis methods, efficient ways of air extraction methods are needed. The present extraction devices need to be adapted to the biological analysis, especially for the detection of nanometric bio-aerosols. A new and innovative extraction device for nanometric airborne particles has been designed. A functional prototype has been made. The physical principles underlying this device have been exposed through the establishment of a complete mode!. This model is meant to constitute the basis of a future numerical simulation. The prototype was also tested through various experiments showing the adequacy of the suggested solution regarding the mentioned application
Beuguel, Quentin. "Systèmes multiphasiques à base de nanoparticules de talc synthétique : relations procédé - structure - rhéologie." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0046/document.
Full textAddition of clay nanoplatelets within a thermoplastic matrix or immiscible thermoplastic blend usually improves final properties of materials. Recently, a hydrogel containing talc nanoplatelets has been obtained from hydrothermal synthesis, opening possibilities of development of talc based nanomaterials, which could rival the nanocomposites based on organically modified clay.The presence of large amount of water in the mixing chamber leads to significant losses of inorganic matter and to the presence of a few synthetic talc aggregates. These observations require the use of a twin screw mini-extruder which is appropriate to the elaboration of innovative multiphase materials, such as the synthetic talc/polyamide nanocomposites or the synthetic talc/polyamide/polypropylene blends.The structure of nanocomposites based on synthetic talc is mainly composed of nanometric entities, but also of a few micrometric aggregates. It has been shown that an increase of the polarity of the polyamide favours the dispersion of synthetic talc at nanometric scale.In the case of filled blends, the synthetic talc particles are preferentially located within PA nodules. The reduction of nodule size is explained by the breakup of nodules, due to numerous cohesion defects between synthetic talc nanoparticles and polyamide dispersed phase. Moreover, increasing polypropylene matrix viscosity leads to a selective localization of the synthetic talc at the nodule/matrix interface.Relationships between structure and rheology of binary and ternary systems have been discussed
Ben, Hamouda Sofiane. "Mise au point et caractérisation de membranes perméables et sélectives en vue de séparer des mélanges gazeux alcanes / alcènes." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES061.
Full textLabaume, Isabelle. "Morphologie et rhéologie de mélanges polyéthylène / polyamide comptabilisés ou chargés de nanoparticules d'argile : mise en évidence et comparaison des propriétés d'interphase." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2071.
Full textThe objective is 1/ to contribute to a better characterization of the interphase, of its properties and of its influence on the structure and rheological behaviour of polyethylene/polyamide blends compatibilized either chemically or physically by addition of nanoclays, 2/ to compare the properties and interphase effects of systems chemically compatibilized with those of systems filled with clay nanoparticles. These works have been performed on four different polyethylene-polyamyde blends, with various viscosity ratio, compatibilized either with a maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene or filled with clay nanoparticules. The study of interphase properties shows that, for the two types of ternary blends studied, the molecular characteristics of polyethylene and polyamide significantly influence the interphase viscoelastic properties. One of the four polyethylene/polyamide couples leads to ternary systems, filled with claynanoparticles or chemically compatibilized, which ewhibit both identical nodular morphology and emulsifying effect, allowing the comparison of the two types of interphase. The results show that the clay/intercalated polyamide interphase has dissipative properties which are more marked than the interphase obtained from a chemical compatibilization. The modeling of the viscoelastic properties of both types of ternary systems, using the Palierne model, suggests the existence of complex relaxation mechanisms within these interphases, involving specific interactions between the three componenets of these blends
Lemény, David. "Élaboration morphologique et comportement mécanique de mélanges multiphasé PP/PA : analyse du potentiel de compatibilisation et de renforcement par des nanoparticules." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10199.
Full textThis study assesses the potential of nanofillers as a compatibilizer in order to propose new ways of recycling plastics from recycling. The work was focused on blends polypropylene / polyamide polymers constituting the main from the car. Because of their incompatibility, it is essential to these compatibilized blends to achieve a sufficient level of properties. As part of this work, a new way of compatibilization by the incorporation of nanofillers has been conducted and has shown its potential on improving the morphology but also on the resulting mechanical properties
Rabehi, Amine. "Electromagnetic microsystem for the detection of magnetic nanoparticles in a microfluidic structure for immunoassays." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS129/document.
Full textThe detection and quantification of a biological agent or entity has become paramount to anticipate a possible health threat (epidemic or pandemic), environmental threat or to combat other contextual threats (bioterrorism, chemical and biological weapons, drugs). Consequently, developing a portable cost effective device that could detect and quantify such threats is the research focus of the joint multidisciplinary project between UPMC (Paris 6) laboratories and RWTH university in Aachen, Germany. In the framework of this project, we have studied the multidisciplinary aspects of an electromagnetic microsystem for immunologic detection based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in a microfluidic lab-on-chip (LoC). Because of their extractability and sortability, magnetic nanoparticles are adapted for examination of biological samples, serving as markers for biochemical reactions. So far, the final detection step is mostly achieved by well-known immunochemical or fluorescence-based techniques which are time consuming and have limited sensitivity. Therefore, magnetic immunoassays detecting the analyte by means of magnetic markers constitute a promising alternative. MNP covered with biocompatible surface coating can be specifically bound to analytes, cells, viruses or bacteria. They can also be used for separation and concentration enhancement. The novel frequency mixing magnetic detection method allows quantifying magnetic nanoparticles with a very large dynamic measurement range. In this thesis, emphasis is put on the miniaturized implementation of this detection scheme. Following the development of analytical and multiphysics simulations tools for optimization of both excitation frequencies and detection planar coils, first multilayered printed circuit board prototypes integrating all three different coils along with an adapted microfluidic chip has been designed and realized. These prototypes have been tested and characterized with respect to their performance for limit of detection (LOD) of MNP, linear response and validation of theoretical concepts. Using the frequency mixing magnetic detection technique, a LOD of 15ng/mL for 20 nm core sized MNP has been achieved with a sample volume of 14 μL corresponding to a drop of blood. Preliminary works for biosensing have also been achieved with a state of the art of surface functionalization and a developed proposed biochemical immobilization procedure and preliminary tests of its validation
Brandao, palacio Sarah. "Development and characterization of targeted MART-1-nanoparticles for melanoma treatment and β-lapachone-loaded liposomal in hydrogel for wound healing." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS487/document.
Full textThis thesis had as general objective the development, characterization and evaluation in vitro or in vivo of different nanocarriers, specifically site-specific nanoparticles for the treatment of melanoma and liposomal-hydrogel containing β-lapachone for topical wound healing. The first part of this thesis consisted in a literature review about the recent advances in nanoparticles for the targeting of therapeutic agents to circulating and mesenchymal melanoma cells. In addition, this review deepened the knowledge about the main biomarkers identified in these cells and which characteristics of nanocarriers may influence on their in vivo performance. In the experimental phase, nanoparticles were developed through the nanoprecipitation method of polymers derived from poly (γ-benzyl-L-glutamate). Next, immunonanoparticles conjugated with MART-1 antibody specific for melanoma cells were obtained through the streptavidin-biotin binding. The conjugation of this antibody on the nanoparticles surface was evaluated by western blot. The nanoparticles were characterized and evaluated in vitro in B16-GFP melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the complement activation was investigated by bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis. The nanoparticles presented sizes between 20 and 100 nm and negative surface charge (-3 to -30 mV). The conjugation of antibody on the nanoparticle surfaces was detected by the western blot technique and confirmed by the changes in particle size and surface charge. The developed nanoparticles were not able to activate the complement system being considered long blood circulation. Regarding the in vitro analysis, the particles did not show cytotoxicity when tested in melanoma cells or normal endothelial cells. In the cell capture assays, the immunonanoparticles, containing a specific antibody for the recognition of the overexpressed antigen in melanoma cells, showed an increase of 40 to 50% in the uptake for these cells, indicating a specificity of this nanocarrier. The second part of this thesis consisted of the development, characterization and evaluation of the in vivo wound healing activity of β-lapachone encapsulated in multilamellar liposomes and incorporated in a biopolymer hydrogel produced by Zoogloea sp (β-lap-Lipo/ZBP/HEC). β-lap-Lipo/ZBP/HEC presented pH and rheological behavior suitable for topical application, as well as a slower release profile of β-lapachone through the hydrogel. Histopathological analyzes of the healing activity in vivo, showed that the biopolymer hydrogel vehicle was able to stimulate tissue repair, with the increase of local cellularity, fibroblasts, inflammatory cells, blood vessels and collagen fibers, during the proliferative phase of wound healing. In addition, β-lap-Lipo/ZBP/HEC promoted an increase in local angiogenesis and a decrease of inflammation at the wound site. These results demonstrate a promising topical application of β-lap-Lipo/ZBP/HEC for wound therapy. In conclusion, this thesis contributed for the development of promising nanocarriers with different biological applications and administration routes, such as systemic treatment of melanoma and topical action in wound healing
Li, Wei. "Elaboration par un procédé de précipitation de nanoparticules aux propriétés contrôlées : application à la magnétite." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL024N/document.
Full textThe present work is focused on developing and modeling a precipitation process for the production of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The Massart chemical method is chosen to obtain the magnetite nanoparticles owing to its detailed study on the reaction parameters. A semi-batch reactor with a recirculation system is chosen to realize this precipitation process and rapid mixers (T mixer and Hartridge-Roughton mixers of different dimensions) are used to provide an intensive mixing of reagent fluids. Different operating parameters are tested to determine their influences on the precipitate quality. Many analytic techniques are employed to determine the properties of obtained nanoparticles. The results indicate that, without changing of chemical parameters, the quality of magnetite elementary nanoparticles and agglomerates depend sensibly on the type of microreactors utilized. In addition, the magnetite nanoparticles are considered to be a hopeful nanoadsorbent and the related tests are studied. Finally, the CFD technique is used to model the hydrodynamic behaviors of the rapid mixers
Vanmarcke, Audrey. "Etude des relations élaboration, morphologie et comportement mécanique de mélanges et (nano)composites à base d’amidon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10153/document.
Full textAmong the various bio-based polymers considered as potential alternative of oil-based plastics, starch appears as one of the most interesting materials due to its wide availability and low cost. However, thermoplastic starch (TPS) exhibits poor mechanical properties as compared to synthetic polymers. One strategy used to overcome this drawback consists in blending TPS with a polyolefin (PO) resulting in an incompatible blend which morphology has to be optimized. In that frame, the main objective of this work is to enhance the mechanical performances of PO/TPS blends via a modulation of the interface properties by using polyolefins with different polarity and by adding nanoparticles to compatibilize the blends. The structural evolution of the blends induced by strain has been followed in situ by SAXS and revealed that the first signs of decohesion appear at higher strain rates when the TPS is mixed with the more polar polyolefin indicating a better adhesion in this blend. Calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3) with different polarities were then added to the blends. According to their polarity, the CaCO3 were located at the interface or in the dispersed phase composed of TPS, resulting in a refinement or a coarsening of the morphology depending on the polyolefin used. The study of the mechanical behavior shows an increase in the tensile properties for the more polar PO. These observations were made regardless the localization of the CaCO3 in the blends, meaning that achieving a compatibilization with nanoparticles does not only require to control their dispersion and their localization, the intrinsic properties of the raw materials have also to be taken into account
Taylor, castillo An Young. "Nanoparticules à base de poly(L-glutamate de γ-benzyle) pour l’interception et la destruction des cellules tumorales circulantes dans la circulation sanguine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS245.
Full textDespite the considerable progress, cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, 90% of cancer deaths are caused by the spread of cancer cells to distant organs. Once implanted and disseminated, metastases are much more difficult to destroy by means of chemotherapy.Following a process of intravasation, some tumor cells escape from the primary tumor and migrate through the circulatory systems before being extravasated, then distributed and finally disseminated in various organs. Thus, in the circulatory environment, these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are particularly accessible to therapeutic agents. In this context, we have imagined the use of nanoparticles with controlled architecture, in order to selectively intercept these cells in the blood environment.For this purpose, we have synthesized by ring opening of the corresponding lactone, amphiphilic di- and tri-block copolymers of poly (benzyl glutamate). Their self-assembly made it possible to obtain amphiphilic nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm in size and with a negative ζ potential, whose controllable geometry ranges from spherical (aspect ratio 1.3) to ellipsoidal (oblates) (aspect ratio 2, 6) and having PEG chains on the surface under controlled surface conformations and densities.Due to their ability to circulate in the blood compartment, these nanoparticles have an optimal probability of interaction with CTCs.The modification impact of their architecture has been established by studying the interaction capacities of the different nanoparticles prepared. On the one hand with the plasma proteins and on the other hand, with the different cell types encountered in the blood compartment.The most striking results show that the elongation of the nanoparticles (oblates) and the anisotropy of their surface, characterized by their hydrophilic / lipophilic balance, strongly govern their interactions. Interestingly, it appears that the elongation of particles whose surface is uniformly hydrophilic decreases the intensity of their capture by the different types of cell models studied (HUVEC model endothelial cells), RAW 276.7 cells (macrophage model) and cells PC3 (prostate cancer) and B16 (melanoma). Although, when these nanoparticles exhibit surface anisotropy, their capture by these different cell types is increased with the elongation of the particles (elongation factor of 2.1).In a final experimental part, these nanoparticles were modified by grafting the MART1 protein on their surface. These immuno-nanoparticles showed a certain recognition capacity of B16 cells (melanoma model). However, their efficacy after intravenous injection should be specified in vivo
Torrado, David. "Effect of carbon black nanoparticles on the explosion severity of gas mixtures." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0199/document.
Full textFlammable gas/solid hybrid mixture explosions are not well understood because of the interaction of the thermal transfer process, the combustion kinetics mechanisms and the interactions between turbulence and combustion. The main objective on this work is to study the explosion severity and flame burning velocities of carbon black nanoparticles/methane to better understand the influence of added nanopowders in gas explosions. Tests have been performed in a flame propagation tube and in the standard 20 L explosion sphere. The influence of carbon black particles on the explosions severity and in the front flame propagation has been appreciated by comparing the results obtained for pure gas mixtures. It appeared that the carbon black nanoparticles insertion increases around 10% the explosion severity for lean methane mixtures. Therefore, it seems that nanoparticles has an impact on the severity of the explosion even for quiescent systems, contrary to systems involving micro-sized powders that requires a dispersion at high turbulence levels. The increment on the maximum rate of pressure rise is higher for powders with lower elementary particle diameter, which is notably due to the fragmentation phenomena. A flame propagation numerical model associated to a gas/carbon black mixture has been developed to examine the influence of carbon blacks on the flame propagation. The results of the numerical model suggest that the radiative heat contribution promotes the flame acceleration. This result is consistent with the experimental increase on the explosion severity for some hybrid mixtures
El, Yakhlifi El Hadouchi Salima. "Control of the structure and the properties of polydopamine in suspensions, in films and in gels for biomedical applications." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE013.
Full textBecause of the dynamics of the oceans, several marine organisms have had to adapt and develop adhesive strategies in order to survive. In particular, marine mussels are known for their extraordinary ability to attach to a wide variety of surfaces, and even in wet conditions. This feat has opened the door to intense research efforts over the past decade to attempt to understand and be inspired by this property. Studies have shown the presence in the adhesive substance of the mussels, a large amount of L-Lysine, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA) and 3-4-hydroxyproline (1). The combination of catechols and primary and secondary amines has been shown to contribute to this strong adhesion (2). Based on this hypothesis, researchers have succeeded in developing a simple synthesis of polydopamine (PDA) by oxidation of dopamine, which is a molecule with precisely these two chemical functions (3). However, even today, there is no consensus on the mechanisms of formation of this material. This complexity stems from the many possible reaction pathways after the initial oxidation step. In addition, PDA shares physicochemical characteristics with eumelanin, the black-brown pigment responsible for the coloring of the skin. The structural similarity between these two entities gives PDA interesting properties, the most remarkable being its antioxidant properties. Although the molecular structure and the stages of formation of PDA are not yet fully understood, its ability to adhere to any kind of substrate makes it a material of choice in many applications in medicine, cosmetics, industry… It is therefore in our interest to continue research efforts in this area. It is in this context that this thesis fits, which can be divided into three axes: a first part consisted in optimizing the method of PDA synthesis and in training and developing a technique for controlling PDA nanoparticles. Using the advances of this step, interest was given to the physicochemical study of PDA films in order to better understand its formation mechanisms in order to then be able to better control them. Finally, special attention was given to the study of an application of gel formed from PDA based on the findings of the first two axes
Zghaib, Zahraa. "Etude des effets cytotoxique et antitubuline des imidazoquinoxalines : Etude du mécanisme d’action par une analyse transcriptomique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3511/document.
Full textThe imidazoquinoxalines (imiqualines), original bioactive molecules and chemical analogues of imiquimod and with significant anti-cancer potential, were explored in order to elucidate their mechanisms of action. The molecules EAPB0203 and EAPB0503 identified in previous studies as leader, showed potent in vitro cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines of melanoma and T lymphoma. We studied the cytotoxic effect 13 newly synthesized imiqualines on a cell line of human melanoma (A375). All compounds showed a significant cytotoxic effect. The cytotoxic effect was shown on other human cancer cell lines (colon, breast and adult T lymphoma).A cell cycle block in G2 / M phase was demonstrated by flow cytometry on A375 cells treated with EAPB0203 and EAPB0503. This cell cycle arrest seems to be related with an inhibitory effect on the polymerization of tubulin. Indeed, our results showed that EAPB0503 and three other imiqualines inhibit tubulin polymerization. The molecular modeling study of binding to tubulin showed that these compounds bind at the colchicine site.A transcriptomic analysis on EAPB0503 was performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of imiqualines. This study was made on the A375 line compared with 13 approuved anticancer molecules. This transcriptomic study showed that EAPB0503 has an antitubulin effect while revealing a novel mechanism of action. Two mechanistic hypotheses for EAPB0503 were identified: 1/ alteration of the signaling pathway linked to integrin, 2/ alteration of the signaling pathway TNFR receptor and FasL.In vitro functional analyses have allowed us to explore these hypotheses. Thus, alteration only PI3K / AKT and RAS / MAPK signaling pathways, both related to integrins, was observed. The first hypothesis seems confirmed. Moreover, this result was confirmed by the study of the expression and phosphorylation of ERK.Finally, we developed an intravenously injectable formulation of EAPB0503 based on nanocapsules. This formulation was first tested in vitro and in vivo on lymphoma model. These studies could highlight the lack of toxicity of empty nanoparticles and retention of the cytotoxic activity of encapsulated EAPB0503 in vitro, with an in vivo immunomodulatory effect which needs to be explored
Bachelier, Guillaume. "Propriétés optiques de nano-structures métalliques et semi-conductrices." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008229.
Full textNormand, Guillaume. "Nanocomposites à matrice polypropylène renforcée par argile lamellaire - Etude de la relation procédé-structure." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM053/document.
Full textThis PhD focuses on the relationship between the preparation process and the structure of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. First, the samples were prepared via an internal mixer. Scanning electron microscopy observations, completed by X-ray diffraction analysis and rheology measurements enabled us to characterize the clay dispersion state in the nanocomposite at different scales. Three organoclays were compared. It was shown that the chemical compatibility between the clay and the matrix was essential to ensure a good dispersion: Cloisite 20 and Dellite 67G showed good dispersion states at all scales, whereas Cloisite 30B did not. The influence of rotor speed and mixing time on the clay dispersion state was shown. The percolation threshold of the clay was determined. The link between dispersion state and crystallinity was also studied.The samples were then prepared via a twin-screw extruder. The influence of screw speed on the clay dispersion state was demonstrated, as well as the matrix degradation at high screw speed. The evolution of the dispersion state along the screw profile showed that intercalation was reached early in the screw profile, whereas exfoliation evolved linearly until the last mixing elements. A lower barrel temperature, as well as a more viscous matrix did not improve the clay dispersion state, and did not prevent the matrix degradation. Finally, the Ludovic© software allowed us to apprehend the thermomechanical phenomena involved during extrusion, but also to optimize the process
Al, Makdessi Georges. "Formation de poudres carbonées dans un plasma de haute fréquence produit à très basse pression dans des mélanges acétylène-argon." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19301.
Full textLes plasmas poudreux sont des plasmas qui contiennent des particules solides de taille nano- ou même micrométrique. Ils sont répandus dans l'environnement cosmique et jouent le rôle de précurseurs dans la formation des planètes et des étoiles. Ce type de plasma est également utilisé dans les laboratoires pour la synthèse des nanocomposites possédant de vastes applications dans le monde technologique et médical. Tandis qu’un grand effort scientifique a été investi dans l’étude et le contrôle de ce type de plasmas, les mécanismes initiaux de formation des poudres (i.e. avant qu’elles atteignent quelques dizaines de nanomètres) demeurent très peu connus. On sait toutefois que des réactions physico-chimiques sont à l’origine de précurseurs des poudres qui déclenchent la nucléation. Ce travail contribue en premier lieu à accroître les connaissances fondamentales dans le domaine des plasmas poudreux en général. Il s’agit en particulier de comprendre la physico-chimie des plasmas de haute fréquence de très basse pression soumis à un confinement magnétique dans des gaz chimiquement réactifs. Plus spécifiquement, l’objectif de ce travail est d’examiner la cinétique des précurseurs produits dans le plasma afin de comprendre les mécanismes de formation de nanoparticules en volume et le contrôle de leurs caractéristiques dans des mélanges d’Ar/C2H2 de très basse pression confinés magnétiquement. Cet apport a des retombées directes en science et applications des plasmas. Parmi les applications directement visées par cette recherche, notons la synthèse de nanomatériaux composites à base de carbone pour leur intégration dans les cellules solaires et les biomatériaux. En examinant les caractéristiques du plasma (température et densité du plasma, densité des cations et des anions) et en les corrélant à celles des particules de poudre, on constate que le champ magnétique modifie le processus de la formation des particules poudreuses dans la décharge à très basse pression. Plus précisément, il favorise la nucléation des nanoparticules de carbone à travers plusieurs voies impliquant les anions et les cations. Ces nanoparticules comprennent deux phases différentes, une couche de carbone amorphe et un noyau poreux formé d'un agrégat de grains eux-mêmes constitués de nanocristaux de graphite revêtus d'une couche amorphe. On constate que le rayon moyen des particules de poudre augmente avec le champ magnétique, ce qui est lié à l’amélioration de leur temps de résidence dans le volume du plasma.