Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanoparticules polymères'
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Duan, Haohao. "Polymères à activités biologiques : nanoparticules et multivalence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0114.
Full textNanoparticles based on hyaluronic acid (HA) are widely used in pharmaceutics. They can target the tumor by the interaction with CD44, a biological receptor overexpressed in some cancer cells. In this project, we investigate the potential applications of these nanoparticles in cosmetics, since HA is also an important ingredient for the skin hydration and renewing. Block copolymers based on polypeptides and polysaccharides were synthesized using a combination of ring opening polymerization and “click chemistry”. The nanoparticles were formed by the self-assembly of these block copolymers using a nanoprecipitation process, and their size and morphology were controlled by the experimental conditions. The interaction between nanoparticles and CD44 were measured by surface plasmon resonance(SPR). Compared to free hyaluronic acid chains in solution, the HA-based nanoparticles could interact more efficiently with CD44, thus demonstrating a multivalent effect. The enzymatic degradation of these HA nanoparticles was then evaluated with twohyaluronidases: HYAL1 and SPAM-1. The digestion of the HA nanoparticles was significantly slower than that of free hyaluronic acid. Surprisingly, these HA nanoparticles could even inhibit the activity of the enzyme HYAL1 and protect free HA chains in the solution. Finally, lipopeptide-based ligands of the biological receptor TLR2 were also synthesized and their performances were evaluated by SPR
Hamdoun, Bassam. "Composites copolymères/nanoparticules." Le Mans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LEMA1004.
Full textNgo, Van Giang. "Nanoparticules hybrides oxydes métalliques/polymères : synthèse et caractérisation." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768240.
Full textFernandez-Urrusuno, Rocio. "Etude de la toxicité hépatique des nanoparticules polymères." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA114846.
Full textFraichard, Lucie. "Nanotalcs fonctionnalisés vers de nouveaux composites conducteurs." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2614/.
Full textElaboration of multifunctional composites is a subject currently booming in materials science. The aim is to combine the respective physical or chemical properties of two or more materials. Our purpose is to get multifunctional fillers with mechanical (reinforcement, lubricant, thermal insulation) and conductive properties. Because it combines these mechanical and lubricant properties, natural talc is currently used as filler, coating or dusting agent in paints, lubricants, plastics, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and ceramics. However, its hydrophobic and inert nature is a limitation for certain uses which involved chemical reactions. That is why it is important to improve its surface properties. An alternative is to obtain by hydrothermal synthesis, a range of talc-like phyllosilicates with well-defined chemical composition, high purity, submicronic size and which contain a larger amount of hydrophilic sites. Natural talcs and talc-like phyllosilicates are modified with a conductive polymer, the polypyrrole and with carbon nanotubes to obtain conductive properties. The introduction of these conductive fillers in a low-density polyethylene matrix by extrusion has allowed us to demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the matrix are maintained and its conductive properties are quite improved. These composites may be used as sensors or antistatic parts
Rouzeau, Sébastien. "Mécanisme de formation de nanoparticules polymères réticulées fonctionnelles en solution." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0003/these.pdf.
Full textThe present study deals with the comprehension and the amelioration of the synthesis and characterization of functionalised cross-linked polymer micro/nano-particles, i. E. CPM. A new method of characterization was used, namely size exclusion chromatography with universal calibration (SEC-UC), which gives molar mass and size of CPM as well as exponent a of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation, the value of which is inferior to 0. 5 for dense particles in a good solvent. Conditions for the formation of CPM in solution consist in facing the macrogelation process, by controlling the size of the growing macromolecules, their concentration, and the auto-stabilization of the particles formed. The role of the different parameters of the reaction was studied for acrylate-based CPM, and then feasibility was demonstrated for transposition to methacrylate systems. CPM were eventually tested as toughening agents in vinyl ester thermosets
Galicia, Alberto. "Matériaux composites : association de gels polymères et de nanoparticules magnétiques." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066377.
Full textManai, Ghada. "Auto-assemblage des nanoparticules métalliques orienté par des polymères peptidiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAT0007.
Full textHybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials (nanocomposites) are of growing interest due to the development of new synthesis. In order to modulate their properties, it is important to control the nature of the constituents and their interactions. Within the framework of this PhD thesis, we developed a new approach to prepare nanocomposites from metallic nanoparticles (Pt, Ir, Au, etc.) using peptidic polymers (polypeptides). Polypeptides are made up of amino acids and adopt biomimetic structures (α-helix or β-sheets) as do proteins. As macromolecular ligands, they have been understudied in nanocomposite design.This research work first describes how we have prepared a library of polypeptides incorporating tailored side chain moieties modulating the binding with metallic nanoparticles. Indeed, we have fully developed an efficient 2 steps grafting process to introduce onto poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) backbones amines promoting specific coordination binding with transition metals.The second part of the PhD manuscript describes how these polypeptides can be used to promote the in-situ synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. A comprehensive study of this approach have shown that polypeptides give access to hyperbranched nanoparticles, resulting from the coalescence of ultra-small nanocrystals, whose morphology can be controlled by modulating the properties of the polymer (polymerization degree, side chain stoechiometry).Finaly, a third part of the PhD presents how peptidic polymers can direct the self-assembly of preformed metallic nanoparticles. Using specific formulations, we obtained two-dimensional lamellar structures, whose stability is ensured by specific coordination bonding between the functional groups of the polymer and the surface of the nanoparticles. By varying the molar mass of the polymers, it was possible to control the space between the lamellae, a key structural feature that allows the electrical properties of the nanocomposites to be changed
Zinovyeva, Veronika. "Matériaux composés (polymères électroactif - nanoparticules de métal) et liquides ioniques." Thesis, Dijon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DIJOS056.
Full textThe actual PhD thesis is devoted to syntheses of composite materials combining conducting polymers with transition metals, their characterization with the use of a large set of modern physical, chemical and electrochemical methods and initial studies of their catalytic applications. These processes were realized both in conventional (aqueous and organic) media and in room-temperature ionic liquids. As an approach for the chemical synthesis, a simple one-pot non-template method, consisting in the chemical reduction of various inorganic salts by pyrrole monomer in a set of solvents, was applied. Polymerization of pyrrole with the use of Fe(III), Cu(II) and Pd(II) salts as oxidants was carried out in a wide range of reaction conditions. The kinetics of the polymerization process was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and DLS. The obtained materials were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry, elemental CHNS analysis, ICP-AES, AFM, SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD, XPS, XAS, IR techniques. Catalytic and electrocatalytic properties of the synthesized Pd/polypyrrole nanocomposites were analyzed for the direct catalytic arylation of heteroaromatics and electrooxidation of ascorbic acid. Alternative ways to conducting polymer preparation in the form of films and powders inside ionic liquids, in comparison to those in conventional media, were described. The influence of the synthesis conditions and of the solvent nature on electrochemical properties and morphology of conducting polymers was discussed. The electrooxidation of ferrocene in ionic liquids was investigated in details, and a model for the diffusional transport in these viscous media was proposed
Quintanar-Guerrero, David. "Étude de nouvelles techniques d'obtention de suspensions de nanoparticules à partir de polymères préformés." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T270.
Full textHu, Ling. "Etude de nouveaux procédés de greffage de polymères biocompatibles sur des nanoparticules d'oxyde de fer : intérêt de la voie micro-onde." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS062.
Full textMagnetic nanohybrids based on inorganic cores encapsulated by a biocompatible and/or biodegradable polymeric corona have been widely used in medical and pharmaceutical applications in aqueous medium. Generally, the magnetic nanoparticles are firstly obtained in aqueous medium and the grafting of polymer on the nanoparticles is then realized in an organic solvent. This work focuses on exploring a new approach to synthesis of core-corona structured nanohybrids in order to avoid the negative effects of classical synthesis techniques such as the significant loss of particles during washing procedures, the irreversible aggregation of particles and the danger of nano-powder materials after drying. This innovative approach was applied to obtain core-corona structured nanohybrids, based on maghemite nanoparticles and a water soluble, biocompatible polymer, polyethylene glycol methyl ether (mPEG), in aqueous medium (compatible with medical applications without further solvent exchange). Two synthesis methods, two-steps and one-step respectively, under classical heating, are developed. Their improvement by one-step microwave-assisted refluxing is also studied. In all cases, the grafting of mPEG, previously functionalized by introduction of silane ethoxy groups, on the surface of maghemite nanoparticle by forming a Fe-O-Si covalent bond is evidenced by different characterization methods. Grafted and isolated maghemite particles of 20 nm are obtained. It is obvious that one-step procedures give the same mPEG grafting amount (15% (w/w)) by using less reaction time. In particular, the one-step microwave procedure allows a time saving of 82% than the two-steps procedure. Moreover, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies reveal that microwave treatment tends to result in better crystallized particles. The experimental conditions developed are then reproduced to study a biodegradable nanohybrid by grafting a new biodegradable copolymer: polyethylene glycol methyl ether-co-poly(ethyl glyoxylate) (mPEG-co-PGEt) on the maghemite nanoparticle. A grafting amount of about 5% (w/w) is obtained after one hour reaction. This is the first investigation on the synthesis and the utilization of functionalized mPEG-co-PGEt as a new material. The new approach developed during this thesis allows to simplify the classical procedures and improve the product quality. It is applicable to other types of core-corona structured nanohybrids
Bordat, Alexandre. "Stratégies alternatives pour la délivrance d'anticancéreux par encapsulation physique dans des nanoparticules polymère thermosensibles ou par couplage chimique en prodrogues polymères." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS595.
Full textThis thesis focuses on innovative drug delivery systems of anticancer drugs to tackle the current limitations of formulations based on nanoparticles. These allow encapsulation of anticancer drugs to prolong their circulation time in the blood stream and to decrease side effects. Yet, nanoparticle formulations available in the clinic do not allow a precise control on the drug release nor targeting of the tumor.To overcome these hurdles, we have synthesized a thermoresponsive copolymer exhibiting an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) to formulate nanoparticles physically encapsulating doxorubicin. These allow controlled release of the anticancer drug by mild hyperthermia at 43 °C. We have studied our system from a physico-chemical point of view and evaluated its cytotoxicity in vitro on ovarian cancer cells.We have also tried a chemical coupling approach between the polymer and the anticancer drug, paclitaxel, to allow innocuous subcutaneous administration. In did, this route of administration is seldom used for anticancer drugs as some of them induce local toxicity at the site of injection in the form of skin irritation / necrosis. We assessed if a hydrophilic polymer prodrug approach allows innocuous subcutaneous administration of an irritant drug; and if a UCST polymer prodrug approach enables formation of stable nanoparticles at room temperature for subcutaneous administration. Once in the subcutaneous tissue at 34 °C, they would solubilize and become hydrophilic thus could freely diffuse to reach the blood circulation. We have managed to evaluate the hydrophilic polymer prodrug approach in vivo on nude mice and we are the first to describe the synthesis of UCST polymer prodrug
Vivet, Alexandre. "Renforcement des matrices polymères et des matériaux composites par des nanoparticules." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778185.
Full textPoupart, Romain. "Nanoparticules métalliques@polymères poreux : matériaux hybrides innovants pour la catalyse supportée." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1174/document.
Full textPorous materials based on polymers have been the subject of intense and various researches since their discovery until now. Their unique and remarkable properties, like their easy functionalization or their large porosity range reachable for instance, coupled with their low production cost makes them attractive for numerous applications. Among them, supported catalysis is booming, especially since the rising of nanoparticles. During this Ph.D. contribution, we have developed different polymeric materials, which could be used as support, focusing mainly onto three types: bulky materials, porous polymeric matrixes into capillaries and porous polystyrene arising from the selective degradation of diblocks copolymers.Firstly, different strategies have been employed for the immobilization and the generation of nanoparticles onto bulk materials. On the one hand, the synthesis of a monomer, bearing a disulphide bridge which can, after a reduction step, free a thiol moiety allowing us to anchor gold nanoparticles. On the other hand, a new route to reduce nanoparticle has been employed using gaseous hydrogen. In another part, the syntheses of different polymeric matrixes into capillaries have been made. First, we used an already known matrix, based on N-acryloxysuccinimide -after modification step via thiol-ene reaction and nucleophilic substitution by amines- to anchor copper or gold nanoparticles, respectively. Also, a new matrix based on cyclic carbonates has been used, after modification, to immobilized platinum nanoparticles. Finally, starting from diblocks copolymers possessing different junctions between both blocks (disulphide bridge or acetal), porous polystyrenes have been obtained. The copolymers bearing an acetal have been implemented to immobilized gold nanoparticles, catalysing several reactions like nitro reduction, boronic homocoupling as well as the cascade reaction of both
Chartier, Carole. "Etude de mélanges polyoléfine-nanoparticules d'élastomères : morphologie et rhéologie." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1010.pdf.
Full textThe objectives of this study consist in preparing new polymeric materials by the incorporation of Sunigum elastomeric nanoparticles in a polyethylene matrix. It might thus be possible to obtain softer materials at room temperature as well as to extend the processing possibilities by changing the rheological behaviour in the molten state. By adding Sunigum® particles to polyethylene matrix, the dynamic moduli of the blends increase in the melt state: it is a suspension effect. On the other hand, the addition of Sunigum® particles leads to more complex behaviour in capillary rheometer. The analysis of extruders by RAMAN spectrometry shows a selective migration of constituents towards the wall of the capillary according to the shear rate. The compatibilisation of such blends is a key factor of this study. It allows to avoid the particles aggregation, to obtain an interfacial adhesion and good mechanical properties. The addition of a copolymer like Lotader as a compatibiliser increases the elastic character of the blend when the concentration of particles increases, implying a effect of suspension more pronounced at low frequencies et in capillary rheometer, a migration is inhibited by the addition of compatibiliser
Martinez, Barbosa Maria Elisa. "Synthèse de dérivés du poly(L-glutamate de γ-benzyle) : préparation et caractérisation de nanoparticules mutlifonctionnelles". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114835.
Full textTo impart mutliple functionalities together into the same polymeric particulate carrier represents a real challenge for many applications in drug delivery. In the present work, four poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)-derivatives having a specific functionality: poly (γ-benzyl L-glutamate)-cyclodextrin, poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamte)-benzylamine, poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)-poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)-biotin, were synthesized by anionic ring opening polymerisation of γ-BLF-NCA. The self-assembling capacities of these polymers were used to prepare novel composite degradable nanoparticles based on mixtures of these derivatives were successfully prepared by the nanoprecipitation method. These nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, TEM, ITC, potential and complement activation. This strategy was successful in preparing nanoparticles combining simultaneously different functionalities, which moreover, can be easily modulated
Gargouri, Myriem. "Mise au point de nanoparticules polycationiques pour le transfert de gènes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10061/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop non-viral delivery systems for DNA. Nanoparticles were prepared by using nanoprecipitation and double emulsion methods. The nanoparticles were characterized physicochemical. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of nanoparticles were performed in different cell lines. Cytotoxicity tests based on mitochondrial activity revealed that all type of nanoparticles had limited cytotoxicity, but depending on both the cell type and the nanoparticles concentration. In order to increase transfection efficiency, photochemical internalization was used to improve endosomal release of nanoparticles. All the results revealed the difficulty to elaborate an efficient DNA vector presenting a low cytotoxicity
Durand-Gasselin, Céline. "Assemblages réversibles de nanoparticules d'or en solution induits par des polymères thermosensibles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662431.
Full textMathlouthi, Chourouk. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et dynamiques des polymères confinés en géométrie nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI035/document.
Full textThe impact of confinement on the physical properties of polymers is an important topic for both fundamental and academic aspects and has gathered an intensive interest within the polymer physics community. In particular the relationship between the glass transition (Tg) and the dynamic of confined polymers has remained the center of a controversial debate over the past two decades. While the glass transition measured by thermal expansion is remarkably decreased in thin films, the alpha dynamic of polymers was found to be invariant, which can be seen as incoherence with the time-temperature superposition. To search the origin of these controversies and answer the questions posed in this debate, we focus the study on the thermal properties of confined polystyrene in the compact structure with a high surface area such as nanoparticles. Even though the particles geometry exhibit several advantages such as higher free surface and mild processing method, only few studies have been carried out on it compared to that on the thin films.The main objective of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of Tg and the dynamics of confined polystyrene in particles in the close packed structure, where the spherical particles are separated by voids, and to compare them to their corresponding bulk. We investigate the kinetic of void closure to quantify the α-dynamic of confined polystyrene in particles. We extract information about the heat capacity (Cp) from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. We show that the Cp of confined polystyrene is similar to that of bulk in the glassy regime and deviates from it between Tg -30 ° C and Tg. The magnitude of this deviation increases with increasing the free surface area. This was interpreted by the existence and the propagation of a mobile layer on the free surface or the existence of a zone with higher expansion coefficient. On the other hand, the α-dynamic probed via the void closure in the area where Cp increases was found to exhibit a bulk behavior.A second objective of this thesis is to investigate the physical aging of confined polystyrene in particles in the glassy regime. We quantify the enthalpy recovery during aging of both confined polystyrene and their corresponding bulk at various temperatures and aging times. We show that the physical aging process depends on the processing history of the polymer and is highly affected by the confinement
Zadoina, Lacramioara. "Composites polymère mésomorphe/nanoparticules magnétiques : vers un matériau magnéto-stimulable." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/920/.
Full textThe topic developed in this manuscript aims at obtaining a magnetic-responsive material by inserting magnetic nanoparticles into a liquid crystal polymer matrix. This work was accomplished in partnership of three laboratories of Toulouse, IMRCP, LCC and LPCNO, as part of a Marie Curie EST European network (Early Stage Research Training) called Nanotool. Two methods of creation of this type of material were examined: either by direct in situ synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, into the medium containing the liquids crystals, or by ex-situ synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and their incorporation into a liquid crystal polymer matrix. The synthesized materials were characterized by different techniques of analysis (calorimetric measurements (DSC), optical microscopy (POM), electronic microscopy (TEM, HRTEM), and magnetic measurements (SQuID)), characterizations which proved that the polymeric matrix become magnetic by both methods of synthesis, while keeping the liquid crystal properties. The magnetic liquid crystal polymer material exhibited very good answers to a magnetic field
Ait, Atmane Yasmine. "Synthèse de nanoparticules d'aluminium et enrobage par des polymères pour des applications énergétiques." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077185.
Full textA chemical synthesis to produce aluminum nanoparticles for energetic applications has been developed and optimized. An aluminum hydride is formed and then catalytically decomposed. It has been shown that it is necessary to work under inert atmosphere to minimize the oxidation state of the particles. The control of the morphology of the particles has been obtained through (i) the control of the nucleation phase by addition of seeds. The particles obtained are less aggregated and much smaller (50nm). (ii) the control of the growth phase by addition of dodecylamine. A complex between A1H3 and the organic agent accompanied by a release of H2 is formed, allowing to obtain more homogeneous particlels, qith a mean diameter of 60nm. However, adsorbed in small quantities at the particle surface, dodecylamine do not allow protecting the powders against ageing (oxidation). The particle's coating by polymers is then realized by different approaches : (i) grafting onto in 1 step, consisting in introducing in sity a preformed polymer ; hybrid particles could be obtained by this strategy but they are very oxidized ; (ii) grafting onto in 2 steps, the particles obtained are smaller and they are not much oxidized, but they are pyrophoric ; (iii) grafting from in 2 steps ; it does not allow a control of the crystellites' size as it is a post-fonctionnalization but it was possible to obtain particles covered by a polymeric coating. The thickness of the coating can be tuned by the polymerization duration. It could permit to passivate the particles
Balti, Imen. "Nanohybrides inorganique-organiques à base de ZnO, Zn0,95Ni0,05O,coeur-coquille ZnO@γ-Fe2O3 et de polymères bioactifs : Elaboration,propriétés optiques et magnétiques, cytotoxicité". Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_balti.pdf.
Full textZnO, Zn0. 95Ni0. 05O and core@shell ZnO@γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been prepared using forced hydrolysis of acetate metallic salts in a polyol medium and coated with poly(sodium-4- styrenesulfonate) and poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate–co–sodium methacrylate) via surfaceinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The bare nanoparticles display sphericalmorphology with a diameter size laying in the range 20 - 30 nm. The polymer chains weregrown from the surface to yield hybrid nanoparticles with an organic shell of 1 to 3 nm width. The surface modification with polymer did not alter the magnetic and optical properties of bare particles allowing their potential use for biomedical applications. The viability of human endothelial cells was not affected by coated nanoparticles after 48 h of exposition and normal proliferation occurred up to 8 days without alteration of the cell structure. Keywords: nanoparticles, magnetic and optical properties, bioactive Polymer, nonohybrids,cytotoxicity
Chollet, Benjamin. "Étude du comportement au feu de matériaux polymères contenant des bio-nanoparticules fonctionnalisées." Thesis, IMT Mines Alès, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAL0004/document.
Full textThe growing desire to reduce the ecological footprint of plastic materials promotes the development of polymers and additives from renewable resources in order to limit their environmental impact. Flame retardants represent an important family of additives that play a crucial role in many fields where fire hazard is encountered. Thus this study aims at developing new flame retardant systems from biomass compounds to improve the fire behavior of polylactide (PLA), a bio-based polymer. Lignin and cellulose were chosen as pristine compounds. These compounds have been transformed into nanoparticles with adapted processes. Then, they were functionalized with phosphorous moieties or mixed with ammonium polyphosphate, and incorporated into polylactide with in internal mixer. Thermal, flammability and fire properties of these compounds were evaluated. The results obtained with some systems are promising
Richard, Jason. "Nanoparticules de silices mésoporeuses ordonnées fonctionnalisées par des polymères : de l’écoconception aux propriétés." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCM0013.
Full textThis work deals with the ecodesign of ordered mesoporous silica (SMO) functionalized by polymers, which combine the advantages of mesoporous materials and those of polymers. The materials were structured by polyion complex (PIC) micelles, formed by electrostatic complexation between a polyamine (oligochitosan) and a double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC). The copolymer has a functional polyacid block and a neutral PEO block that remained anchored in silica walls during the sol-gel process. The functional groups were revealed in the mesopores after the release of polyamines induced by PIC micelle dissociation upon a pH change. During this thesis, we expanded the synthesis route to a variety of mesostructures, morphologies and acid functions (poly(acrylic acid), poly(sulfonic acid)). First, the mesostructure was controlled by modifying the pH, the length of the oligochitosan and the conformation of the DHBC (linear PEO or brush-like PAPEO), resulting in SMO with lamellar, 2D hexagonal, and spherical cubic structures. The results were interpreted in terms of PIC assemblies morphology changes and allowed establishing a phase diagram. Then, a method was developed to control particle growth and ensure their stabilization by replacing part of the structuring DHBC by a stabilizing polyacrylamide-based DHBC (PAM-b-PAA). Nanoparticles were obtained with adjustable sizes between 200 nm and 1000 nm, well-defined morphology and ordered structures. The dissociation of PIC micelles in materials was then optimized to synthesize materials with a high density of acid functions in their mesopores (2.7 per nm3). Various materials with controlled size, structure and acidity were thus obtained. They were evaluated as adsorbents, catalysts and proton conductors. Of particular interest are the strong polyacid functionalized materials, exhibiting a very high proton conductivity (> 0,02 S.cm-1) stable over days
Rodrigues, Laura. "Nanoparticules polymères ciblant le récepteur CXCR3 : élaboration et évaluation sur modèles de tumeur." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0104/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the elaboration of polymeric nanoparticles functionalized by the ligand SCH546738 to target the CXCR3 receptor overexpressed in human healthy or tumoral cells. Poly(trimethylene carbonate-b-Poly(ethylene glycol) (PTMC-b-PEG) blocks copolymers and PTMC-b-PEG-SCH546738 synthesis, then their self-assembly with different ratios in water, and finally biological activity in vitro of these different nanoparticles were studied. A serie of PTMC-b-PEG with different hydrophilic mass fractions f (between 34 and 6%) were obtained by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate (TMC) initiated by a block PEG (MW: 2000 g/mol). Self-assembly studies showed that the hydrophilic mass fraction was related to the morphology of the nano objects (micelles and vesicles) and that size and morphology of nano objects can be changed by the self-assembly protocol. PTMC-b-PEG-SCH546738 were obtained by the convergent coupling between PEG-SCH546738 and PTMC block. The co self-assembly of functionalized and not functionalized copolymers was done by nanoprecipitation controlled by a microfluidic system that allows monodisperse polymersomes with controlled size to be produced. The molar percentage of SCH546738 at the surface of polymersomes was fixed at 5, 10 and 20 %, and with the control nanoparticle, these samples were tested in vitro on HEK 293 and U87 cells overexpressing the CXCR3-A. The influence of the ligand and its percentage on nanoparticles internalization and signaling pathways blocking on cells were analyzed
Bourdillon, Céline. "Etude de cristaux photoniques et de polymères stimulables : réalisation d'un capteur de nanoparticules." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066659/document.
Full textSince the emergence of analysis techniques at the nanometer scale, many nanostructures and nanoparticles have been elaborated. Because of the specific properties induced by their size, nanoparticles are present in a lot of products used in the everyday life and can present a high toxicity. This toxicity depends, inter alia, on their size and surface chemistry. Therefore, it is really important to collect and detect them specifically when they are present as trace contaminants. This thesis deals with the combination of the optical properties of a photonic crystal, an opal, and the chemical properties of a stimulable polymer, a nanoparticles imprinted polymer, to realize a sensitive, specific and selective nanoparticles sensor. The nanoparticles that we used as targets are fluorescent CdSeTe/ZnS nanocrystals. In the first part of this thesis, we studied the filtering of the emission of the targets by heterostructures based on direct opals. In the second part, we synthetized, for the first time to our knowledge, a polymer presenting nanocrystals imprints. We used this polymer to realize an inverse opal allowing the sensing of these nanoparticles by specular reflection measurements. This sensor can be generalized to any functionalized nanoparticle
Poux, Sandrine. "Etude et caractérisation de nanomatériaux composites obtenus par encapsulation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13128.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the study of a new type of composite nanomaterials where the filaments of supermolecular polymer formed from the self-assembling of a bicopper complex (CuS8) are encapsulated within the fibrils of polymer thermoreversible gels. Two different polymers are used: isotactic polystyrene (iPS) and the poly[hexylisocyanate] (PHIC). The encapsulation through heterogeneous nucleation with gels from isotactic polystyrene has been studied in more details by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) by using mixtures of covalent polymer/supermolecular polymer. The magnetic properties of the encapsulated bicopper complex exhibits a very different behaviour with respect to that observed for the powder-like bicopper complex. In the case of PHIC, the temperature-concentration diagrams coupled to X-ray diffraction studies show the formation of a complex PHIC/CuS8 when octane is used and the formation of a solid solution when heptane is used. As opposed to the encapsulation process through heterogeneous nucleation where one filament is located within the center of fibril, PHIC fibrils may contain several filaments parallel to their long axis
Paquirissamy, Aurélie. "Nano-objets hybrides et polymères sous irradiation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS390/document.
Full textHybrid and polymer nano-objects have known a growing interest these last years but few are studied under irradiation. In the present work, different nano-objects have been synthetized and studied to understand their stability towards ionizing rays. We have studied the effect of irradiation onto amphiphilic bloc copolymer that form micelles in water. Objects were varied by the nature of their hydrophobic bloc and their sensibility to ionizing rays. First, methacrylates were copolymerized by ATRP with a PEG macro-initiator. Secondly, to improve radiation effect, a more radiosensitive polymer, a polyolefinsulfone, was synthetized by a thiol-ene polyaddition. After nanoprecipitation, objects were caracterized before and after irradiation by scattering and chromatography techniques. In parallel we also studied metallic nanoparticles well known for improving irradiation effect. Polymer-grafted gold nanoparticles were synthetized via a “grafting to” technique, after the synthesis of macro-ligands by controlled radical polymerization. After a precise characterization of these objects, irradiation effect has been studied via changes in size and polymer mass. This will permit to determine the nature of induced phenomena
Thèvenot, Caroline. "Synthèses, caractérisations et propriétés électrostimulables d'hydrogels composites polyacrylamide-nanoparticules de polystyrène/polyaniline." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3028.
Full textNew électroactives materials, “composite hydrogels” (HC) have been developed. They are composed of a poly(acrylamide) network crosslinked by N-N'methylenebisacrylamide (BisAM) and may contain two kinds of nanoparticles : (i) of crosslinked polystyrene (PS) or (ii) “core-shell” (CS) made of a core of PS with a conducting polymer shell (polyaniline). These aforementioned nanoparticles were synthesized by water dispersion and well characterized. The chemical compositions as well as particle sizes were controlled. The synthesis of HC was optimized by taking into account of the network and the nanoparticles chemical and experimental condition requirements. The particles dispersion into the hydrogel network was also characterized with electronic microscopy. A kinetic study done by NMR showed the formation of inhomogeneities in the network structure due to the values of the reactivity ratios of the monomers (rAM=0,52, rBISAM=5,2) and a quasi-total conversion. The HC were characterized by rheology: it showed a significant increase of G' with the nanoparticles content. Otherwise, a new simple and original system based on pattern recognition was developed to monitor the swelling kinetics of the HC. Swelling equilibrium and diffusion phenomena showed that nanoparticles are not involved in the process of swelling. Two applications were developed: the electroactives properties of HC containing CS particles i. E. Release of ionic species when an electric field is applied (1V) and a mechano-electric effect for the HC containing PS latexes
Emin, Clélia. "Élaboration d'un réacteur membranaire catalytique par fonctionnalisation de surface de membranes polymères et intégration de nanoparticules métalliques : application à la chimie douce." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2175/.
Full textThe aim of this work is synthesizing polymer-stabilized metallic nanoparticles inside functionalized polymeric membranes in order to develop catalytic membrane reactors and to test these reactors with model catalysed organic chemical reactions. In order to do so, polymeric membrane support (i. E. Polyethersulfone) is first functionalized by UV photo-induced grafting method with ionogenic polymers capable to immobilize nanoparticle precursors and retain nanoparticles. This surface modification was successfully performed with two types of anionic monomers, one cationic monomer and one zwitterionic monomer. During the process, the polymerization kinetic was found to be characterized by 3 steps: an induction time, a high polymerization rate and the total consumption of the monomer present in the solution. After the successful grafting, catalytic membranes were prepared by incorporating, or by generating in situ, metal catalytic nanoparticles. An effective incorporation of 5 nm palladium nanoparticles, well dispersed and mainly confined in the grafted layer without any aggregation, was found. Futhermore, it was possible to observe an impact of the cross-linked network and the polymer gel grafted layer on the final membrane metal loading. Moreover, results showed that nanoparticles are well trapped inside the membrane matrix inducing the development of a clean process. Finally, the catalytic activity of the different loaded membranes was mainly assessed by the reduction of p-nitrophenol into p-aminophenol and a conversion yield of close to 100% was found
Xu, Jiang. "Contribution à la fabrication de nanoparticules en utilisant des techniques microfluidiques et applications à la libération d'actifs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0122/document.
Full textPolymeric nanoparticle (NP) drug carriers present a promising technology for controlled releasesince they are capable of improving the encapsulation efficiency and stability of the drugs inside theNPs and also able to provide effective drug levels over a longer period of time, compared totraditional therapy. However, before the NP drug delivery technology becomes a reality, importantparameters of NPs like size, drug loading ability and sustained release kinetics must be wellinvestigated and optimized in order to minimize the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic compoundsand prolong the drug releasing profile in a controlled manner.In order to accomplish this objective, this thesis proposed two novel methods for synthesis of NPs asdrug delivery carriers, with assistance from bulk and microfluidic technologies, for hydrophobic andhydrophilic drugs, individually.Encapsulation efficiency as high as 80% is reached with a mass loading of 20%. We extend ourapproaches to the encapsulation of iron oxide
Lallart, Adeline. "Ultra propreté : des microgouttes aux nanoparticules." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY019/document.
Full textWith the evolution of microelectronics and the miniaturization of the various components at the nanoscale, the size of the critical particles to be removed during the manufacturing process has been drastically reduced. Indeed, this critical size is currently of the order of 10 nm. Cleaning processes must therefore be able to remove these particles without surfaces damage. In order to answer this challenge, two methods are studied in this work: the use of a spray and the joint application of a polymer layer and a spray.The spray has been used for many years in the microelectronics field. However, the mechanism of particles detachment by this method is still not assimilated. The purpose of this study is to better understand it. Thus, different parameters will be studied leading to the development of a detachment model, showing new variables related to the cleaning process, contamination (nature and particle size) or the storage conditions of surfaces.For its part, the process by using a combination of polymer layer and spray is in full development, but little information is available today. Nevertheless, early studies have demonstrated its ability to clean surfaces with patterns and its effectiveness regardless of the size of the contamination. In this work, different methods of the polymer layer removal will be compared as well as some physicochemical properties specific to it. The objective is to detect key parameters influencing particle removal and to propose a premise of elucidation of the physical mechanisms involved
Chelebaeva, Elena. "Polymères de coordination d-f cyanopontés aux échelles macro et nano-métriques." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20216.
Full textThe goal of the present research is the elaboration of new approaches for the synthesis of multifunctional materials displaying magnetic and luminescent properties both in the bulk and at the nano-level. We will describe some approaches for the elaboration of multifunctional nanoparticles in order to prepare organic and aqueous colloids containing magnetic or luminescent or multifunctional nanoparticles. First, we will propose a new approach for the synthesis of multifunctional cyano-bridged coordination polymers with magnetic and luminescent properties on the basis of transition metals and lanthanides. We will present the synthesis, structure and magnetic and luminescent properties of coordination polymers of general formulas LnM(CN)8 and Ln0. 5Ln0. 5'W(CN)8 (M = Eu, Tb, Sm, Gd, Er). Then, we will present the elaboration and studies of the physical properties of nanoparticles of cyano-bridged coordination polymers Mn+[M'(CN)m]3- (M = Ni, Mn, Cu, Fe, Tb, Sm, Eu, Gd ; M'=Fe, Cr, Mo, W ; m=6 or 8) soluble in organic and aqueous media. These nanoparticles may be stabilise (i) in colloidal organic solutions through the use of stabilising agents or ionic liquids or (ii) in aqueous solutions utilising a soluble matrix of chitosan or soluble organic polymers (PEG, PEG/PPG/PEG). We will describe also multifunctional hybrid nanoparticles obtained through the linkage of coordination polymer nanoparticles Ni2+/[Fe(CN)6]3- on the surface of mesostructured silica nanoparticles containing a biphotonic chromophore
Thomas, Pierre. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules métalliques : application à l'élaboration de nanocomposites." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30175.
Full textLe, Goas Marine. "Nanoparticules d'or à couronne polymère modulable : synthèse, interactions avec les systèmes biologiques et propriétés de radiosensibilisation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS163/document.
Full textThese past twenty years, there has been a great increase in the number of studies concerning the use of nanoparticles for medical applications, especially for cancer treatment. In particular, radiosensitizing effects of metal nanoparticles have been studied a lot in radiotherapy, in order to reduce the side effects created by the irradiation of healthy tissues surrounding the tumor. In this work, we focused on polymer-grafted gold nanoparticles. The polymer corona both ensured a great stability of the objects and allowed to change their physico-chemical properties, in order to study their impact on the nanoparticles behavior. We used polymethacrylates which were obtained through controlled radical polymerization and acted as ligands during the gold nanoparticles synthesis. A library of nano-objects with different properties was established by varying both molar mass and chemical nature of (co)polymers. Thorough characterization, including by small-angle radiation scattering, revealed similar structures for all synthesized objects. Grafting of one chemotherapy agent, doxorubicin, and two proteins was also performed on polymer ligands. Interactions between these various nanoparticles and biological systems were studied in detail. Special attention was given to the impact of polymer corona properties. Four aspects were examined: colloidal stability in biological media, ability to diffuse inside the extracellular matrix, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity. All studied ligands ensured a great stability. Regarding the other aspects, systematic comparison of the results obtained for the whole library highlighted a strong impact of the ligands nature, especially the presence of positive charges or hydrophobic segments. We have also shown that grafted doxorubicin and protein kept their toxic and targeting properties respectively. Lastly, the prospect of using these nanoparticles for radiosensitization led us to study their behavior under radiations. When irradiated, their structure was found stable. Combining them with radioiodine (internal radiotherapy) showed a great radiosensitizing effect, both in vitro and in vivo, but experiments with protontherapy (external radiotherapy) revealed different behaviors depending on the type of radiations. We also investigated the use of particle-induced X-ray emission to detect nanoparticles in situ, during protontherapy treatment
Msolli, Ines. "Nanosystèmes polymères pour la libération contrôlé de la Warfarine : conception et évaluation biologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD033/document.
Full textIn this work we synthesized derivatives of poly((R,S)-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) (PDMMLA).PDMMLA copolymers are mainly composed of two monomers: a hydrophobic monomercontaining a hydroxyl group and a hydrophilic monomer containing an acid group. Due to theproportion of each monomer in the final copolymer, the hydrophilic / hydrophobic balance ismodulated. Thus, six copolymers were obtained: three random copolymers PDMMLAHn-co-Hex100-n and three block copolymers: PDMMLAHn-b-Hex100-n.These copolymers are at the origin of nanoparticles without and with an active principle.Warfarin, which has been successfully encapsulated with both PDMMLAHn-co-Hex100-nand block, copolymer nanoparticles: PDMMLAHn-b-Hex100-n. The formed nanoparticlesshowed fairly high encapsulation efficiency for both types of copolymers.The PDMMLA nanoparticles are characterized in order to determine their shape, size andsurface charge. Thus nanoparticles of spherical shape, having less than 100 nm size andhaving a surface charge of less than -30 mV have been obtained. The PDMMLAH30-co-Hex70nanoparticles were chosen to study the controlled release of warfarin under physiologicaltemperature and pH conditions. Obtained results show a slow and progressive release ofwarfarin. Such nanoparticulate systems based on amphiphilic derivatives of PDMMLA wouldthus offer tools of interest for the encapsulation and controlled release of many hydrophobicactive principles such as the coumarin derivative thrombin inhibitor (DCBC) whoseantithrombin activity in purified system is higher than that of argatroban
Perrin, Elsa. "Caractérisation de composites polymères / nanoparticules de silice : une étude de dynamique moléculaire gros-grains." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE047/document.
Full textPolymer/silica interface is investigated using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, the different behavior of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) on the silica surface is compared. First, we show that the macroscopic behavior of PAAm and of PDMA is correctly represented by a model containing an explicit solvent. Then, the umbrella sampling free energy method is used to probe the detachment of PAAm and of PDMA from a silica surface and to investigate important features that allow - or not - the polymer chain to remain adsorbed on the silica surface. We proved that intramolecular interactions within the polymer and polymer/surface interactions are of first importance for the polymer chain to adsorb on silica. Surprisingly, solvent/polymer as well as solvent/surface interactions are not discriminating criteria. Polymer chains are finally constrained to a particular configuration where one chain is adsorbed on two silica surfaces that are 200 Å apart. This yields interesting insights into the evolution of the monomers lability and of the surface/polymer strength interaction when the two silica surfaces are moved apart
He, Jie. "Étude de nouveaux polymères photoactifs à base de la coumarine du nanogel aux nanoparticules." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5141.
Full textAntoun, Tarek. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanomatériaux hybrides à base d'olygothiophènes." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077115.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the development of new approaches for elaboration of hybrid materials based on oligothiophenes. The first part of this work reports a one-pot method for preparing cds nanoparticles (nps) bound to oligothiophenes. Tem and x-ray diffraction show that the cds-oligothiophenes are monodisperse. The amount of oligothiophene and the nature of surface binding have been studied in detail using xps, ir, uv-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The major advantage of this method is that we use functionalized π-conjugated electroactive systems as ligands to control np growth. The electroactive ligand binds to the np surface and allows intimate contact between the np and the conjugated backbone, leading to better electronic communication between the two components. In the second part of this manuscript we describe the development of a new method for elaborating rod-coil polymers. The raft polymerization of mma and styrene with three different chain transfer agents, generated from oligothiophene dicarboxylate, yields polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. Uv-visible, nmr and maldi-tof were used to confirm the presence of the expected raft agent end-groups. Attempts were made to initiate controlled radical polymerization from the surface of a cds nanoparticle modified with oligothiophenes. The last chapter reports the crystal structures of a series of mof containing oligothiophene dicarboxylate linkers. The influence of the angle of the rigid oligothiophene core is exemplified in the crystal structure of (mop-28) obtained by linking the square planar cu₂(coo)₄ paddle-wheel units with the flexible 2,2':5',2"-terthiophene-5,5"-dicarboxylate
Quievryn, Caroline. "Incorporation de nano particules d'oxyde de terre rare dans un polymère commercial sous forme filamentaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20206.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the main theme of the incorporation of nanoparticles of rare earth oxide (Erbium and Praseodymium) in a commercial polymer, PVC, shaped as filaments. These fibers are made using a apparatus developped in the laboratory. The spinning method used is a wet solvent spinning process. Embedded nanoparticles are first commercial particles (Er203) but they show disadvantages, which leads to a study of synthesis of oxide nanoparticles Erbium and Praseodymium in the laboratory. This study bings to a production a laboratory pilot (KiloLab) in order to obtain 3Kg of nanoparticles composed with 60 wt% of Erbium oxide and 40 wt% of Praseodymium xide. Once these particles obtained, it have been dispersed in a solution of PVC/solvent. This "loaded" solution of nanoparticles is presses through a spinneret for the shaping. The filaments are spun in a coagulation bath in order to remove the solvent from the solution and obtain the PVC filaments (mono or multi) containing the nanoparticles of Erbium or Praseodymium oxide.A second theme is also studied in this thesis, the realization of oxicarbide boron and silicon fibers (SiBOC). This study focuses on the synthesis and conditions to obtain a poly(borosiloxane) polymer. This polymer is obtained by the synthesis of the dimetyldiethoxysilane (DMDES), méthyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and the boric acid which bring the hetero atom of boron in the final ceramic. Once the sol of borosiloxane obtained, it is semi-hydrolysed until obtention af a gel that can be spun by extrusion at ambiant temperature. The filament are wrapped around a graphite bobbin. The shaped polymer is then leaved in a stove at 60°C for a week allowing to complete the hydrolysis.Once the hydrolysis complete and the polymer fully hydrolyses, the fibers are pyrolysed under argon at high temperature to transform the fiber into ceramic fibers of SiBOC
Bouvrée, Audrey. "Développement de composites polymères conducteurs (CPC) en couches minces pour la détection de vapeurs." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIS108.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop new Conductive Polymer Composites in thin layer with chemo-electric properties for solvent sensing. The first chapter is a literature review to introduce and present CPCs. The percolation and vapor sensing principles are discussed. The solvent diffusion in a polymer matrix is also addressed in order to identify what are the phenomena responsible for sensing. Finally, a presentation of different applications for CPCs. The second chapter is a literature review and deals with the structuration of the conductive nanoparticles network in thin layers. The third chapter is devoted to materials and techniques used in the preparation and characterisation of CPCs. The fourth chapter presents the preparation, morphological and chemo-electrical characterisations of thin layers of microstructured CPCs-based carbon nanoparticles. The final chapter presents the preparation and characterization of nanostructured CPCs-based gold nanoparticles
Gam, Sarra. "Chimie de surface des sels de diazonium et photopolymérisation en tandem pour la conception de couche ultraminces de polymères réactifs et fonctionnels." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077070.
Full textThe objective of this Thesis is to develop a new method of designing thin reactive and functional polymer coatings via the combination of interfacial chemistry of diazonium salts and surface-initiated photopolymerization (SIPP). This approach is simple, fast and efficient; it ensures strong polymer-surface bonding. We targeted two types of applications: the first one consists in determining the feasibility to prepare ultrathin, hydrophilic polymers on gold modified by diazonium salts, in order to study their résistance to non-specific protein adsorption. Towards this end, we have prepared the diazonium salt BF₄⁻N₂⁺-C₆H₄-CO-C₆H₆ derived from benzophenone which permits to graft photoinitiators of photopolymerization at the surface and grow chains of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA. We have generalized our concept to various supports (ITO, glassy carbon, stainless steel) and using a range of diazonium salts, monomers and the macromonomer α-tertbutoxy-w-vinylbenzyl-polyglycidol (PGL). PGL yields actually ultrathin grafts that are highly hydrophilic and resitant to protein non specific adsorption but could be functionalized par proteins via cabonyl diimidazole. The second application of SIPP consists in preparing ultrathin molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) grafts on gold using methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimetacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker, and dopamine (neurotransmitter) as the template serving to nanostructure the crosslinked poly(MAA-co-EGDMA). The electrochemical detection limit of dopamine by the electrode-grafted MIP was as low as 0. 9 nM ; it could be lowered to 0. 35 nM (0. 054 ng. ML"1) by embedding gold nanoparticles in the MIP film. This work shows that the paramount importance of diazonium salts in modem polymer and surface sciences; their combination with surface photopolymerization provides within short time high performance, reactive and functional polymer grafts
Durand, Nelly. "Synthèses de nanoparticules fluorées pour application dans les revêtements." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENCM0003.
Full textThis thesis is part of a project of the National Research Agency (ANR) which involved two companies and two university laboratories. The objective of this project is to improve the mechanical properties (abrasion resistance) and thermal (degradation temperature) nonstick fluorinated coatings by incorporating silica nanoparticles. However, silica is a hydrophilic filler which is hardly dispersed in a fluoridated matrix. Therefore, we planned to modify its surface with fluorinated reagents, and the nature of various precursors has an influence on improving the nanoparticles dispersion. Thus, we, as a first chapter, studied the miscibility and compatibility of the fluoropolymers. Fluoropolymers are known for their very attractive properties like chemical inertness, hydrophobicity and thermal. But these very good properties of fluoropolymers sometimes cause difficulties application, we chose to work with two fluorinated copolymers, poly (TFE-co-HFP), a copolymer based on tetrafluoroethylene (TFE,-CF2-CF2-) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP,-CF(CF3)-CF2-) neighbor of PTFE used for coatings, and poly (VDF-co-HFP), a copolymer composed of vinylidene fluoride (VDF, -CH2-CF2) and hexafluoropropylene. They have good properties and are easy to use in blend due to their low melting temperatures (140 and 275° C for poly (VDF-co-HFP) and poly (TFE-co-HFP), respectively). Blends have been realized and characterized between two semi-crystalline copolymers but also with a fluorinated polyether composed of several units of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO,-CF(CF3)CF2O-) which is completely amorphous. The results obtained from these blends indicated that the three types of precursors can be used for fluorinated surface modifications and in function of the fluoropolymer : compounds are based on TFE (-CF2-CF2-), VDF (-CH2-CF2-) and HFPO (-CF(CF3)CF2O-). Thus, in the second chapter, the synthesis of these fluorinated precursors containing VDF and HFPO units are shown for this, two polymerization methods were carried out : 1) The iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) of VDF ; 2) The anionic polymerization by ring opening of HFPO. These products were characterized by 19F and 1H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, GPC, XRD, TGA and DSC. Oligomers of the TFE (CnF2n+1-I or CnF2n+1-C2H4-SH with n = 4 or 6) have not been prepared because of the risks incurred during the handling of TFE (explosive gas). After their synthesis, functionalization and characterization, we have grafted them on the surface of silica nanoparticles. The main method used is the "grafting onto" which allows to modify the surface of inorganic particles with macromolecules (oligomers or polymers) and the third chapter presents three methods of grafting : 1) The radical addition of RFI and/or RFC2H4SH on a double bond (vinyl or allyl) ; 2) The condensation of an oligomer based HFPO functionalized methyl ester on a silica with amine functions ; 3) The most commonly used hydrolysis-condensation, using oligo (HFPO) functionalized alkoxysilane. The analysis methods used to characterize these fluorinated nanohybrids are the 1H and 29Si solid state NMR, FTIR, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. We used these different surface modification to obtain a wide range of modified silica with fluorinated groups. After their characterization, these fluorinated silica are introduced by blend into two fluorinated matrices poly (VDF-co-HFP) and poly (TFE-co-HFP). The fourth is dedicated to the study of nanocomposite poly (VDF-co-HFP) / silica. Initially, a state of the art is presented as this type of composite has been widely discussed in the literature contrary to nanocomposites poly (VDF-co-HFP) or poly (TFE-co-HFP) with fluorinated nanoparticles
Perrier, Marine. "Elaboration de nanoparticules magnétiques à base de polymères de coordination cyano-ponté pour l'imagerie médicale." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20262/document.
Full textThe goal of the present research is to elaborate new magnetic nanoparticles for medical imaging. This manuscript will describe the nanoparticles' synthesis method, their characterization and their evaluation as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional probe for scintigraphy.In a first time, we will propose synthesis processes allowing to obtain cyano-bridged coordination polymer based magnetic nanoparticles elaborated from transition metals or lanthanides molecular precursors using cyano-bridged ligands and stabilizing ligands soluble in water and biocompatible. We will introduce the synthesis, structural and textural characterizations and magnetic properties of these nano-objects with general formula My[M'(CN)6]z @stabilizer with M = Fe, Gd, Tb, Y, Ni, Cu ; M' = Fe, Co and stabilizer = PEG NH2, PEG400, Glu-TEG, D-Mannitol, NADG.In a second time, we will evaluate their potential as nanoprobles for application in medical imaging. For that, we will discuss about their capacity to act as a contrast agent for MRI and as a functional probe for scintigraphy or more specifically single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We will develop discussion about fundamental parameters which must be optimized to obtain contrast agent nano-objects for MRI and to understand nano-object relaxivity mechanisms. Then, we will test these contrast agents and functional probes in vitro and in vivo on mice. Also, we will evaluate the cytotoxicity, the kinetics and way of elimination, the biodistribution, the genotoxicity and the carcinogenesis of the used nanoparticles
Prot-Breton, Odile. "Etude physico-chimique de l'adsorption de principes actifs cationiques sur des nanoparticules polymères : caractérisation diélectrique." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA114816.
Full textGriffete, Nebewia. "Cristaux photoniques et polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour la détection optique de polluants." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077105.
Full textVery recent years have shown great improvements in the field of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), biomimetic Systems able to selectively recognize a target molecule. Another emerging domain in full expansion is the development of photonic crystals based on highly organized colloïdal particle networks, with the possibility to immobilize them within polymer films: the selective etching of the particles provides 3D-ordered interconnected macroporous structure, called inverse opals. In this PhD, we have combined these two promising concepts (molecular imprinting and photonic crystals in order to elaborate an original self-reporting sensing film exhibiting high sensitivity and selectivity. We have adopted the Langmuir-Blodgett method to form colloïdal silica crystals as templates in combination with the molecular-imprinting technique to prepare highly ordered 3D macroporous hydrogel films (of polymethacrylic acid). The resulting porous material contains both specific molecular recognition nanocavities for bisphenol A and a periodic variation of the dielectric constant which generates a readable optical signal directly (self-reporting) upon binding' the target analyte without the need for labeling. We focused particularly on the optimisation of the optical response of the photonic crystals towards external stimuli (such as pH changes or variation of the BPA concentration) by introducing active defect layer within the materials. Two kinds of defect layers were studied: (i) planar defects made of the same material as the host crystal but varying by the particle size; (ii) planar defects made of a chemically different material, consisting in ferric oxide nanoparticles covered by a molecularly imprinted polymer overlayer (NP@MIP)
Sargi, Nayla. "Étude de l'immobilisation d'allergènes sur des particules polymères par adsorption et couplage covalent." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114848.
Full textTrimaille, Thomas. "Élaboration de colloïdes fonctionnalisés par des polymères : nouveaux vecteurs potentiels d'acides nucléiques." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10251.
Full textKohut-Svelko, Nicolas. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanocomposites à base d’un polymère conducteur : la polyaniline." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3041.
Full textPolyaniline (PANi) is an intrinsically conducting polymer which exhibits chemical and environmental stability. However like most of this polymer family, it suffers from poor processability due to its insolubility and infusibility. In order to overcome this obstacle, different strategies were attempted and PANi colloids synthesis is one of them. This work was carried out in order to try to improve the problems of use of this polymer. In a first stage, aniline was polymerized by oxidizing way in the presence of surfactant which can, from their characteristics, to improve the properties of conducting polymer. From the conductive properties and the medium stability, two surfactants have been selected. The first one is a nonylphenolethoxylate and insures a good medium stability. The second one contains an amide group which creates H-bond with the PANi backbone and enhances the conductivity. Another method consists in synthesizing latexes covered by a thin layer with conducting polymer (PC). Various submicron-scale PANi based core/shell have been synthesized mediated by non-ionic surfactants. In this case, the morphology of the particles could be controlled and the mechanical properties were made possible by varying the nature of the core (thermoplastics, elastomers, and water-soluble. ). This simple synthesis allows forming conducting composites under “soft” conditions, easily transposable at the industrial level
Almouazen, Eyad. "Développement de nanoparticules polymères pour le ciblage des macrophages et la modulation des leurs fonctions physiologiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945306.
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