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Academic literature on the topic 'Nanoparticules – Propriétés mécaniques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nanoparticules – Propriétés mécaniques"
Chevry, Loudjy. "Propriétés magnétiques et mécaniques d'agrégats nonostructurés : application à la microraeologie et à la biologie." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077100.
Full textDialysis, under a constant magnetic field, of iron oxide nanoparticles in presence of opposite charged polymers, results in the formation of one-dimensional anisotropic aggregates, called nanowires. These new structures of elongated shape are 1 to 100 microns in length with a diameter of about 400 nanometers. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part describes the study of the magnetic properties of these aggregates on the one hand, and their rigidity on the other hand. After recalling the fundamentals of magnetism in materials, we show that the nanowires are superparamagnetic objects that is to say, they don't retain any significant amount of magnetization in the absence of an externally applied magnetic field, and thus do not form aggregates, but acquire a macroscopic magnetic moment when a magnetic field is applied, giving them an orientation toward the fielddirection. Then we see how to quantify their flexural rigidity from the deflection of rods attached to a glass substrate by one tip and subjected to a constant magnetic field, or to thermal agitation. The second part is devoted to applications of the nanowires in microrheology experiments of complex fluids and intracellular environment. We see how the rods may be used as probes and allow the measurement of fluid maxwellian viscoelastic parameters, from their rotational diffusion or their motion in a rotating magnetic field. Finally, we see how these passive and active microrheology experiments, produced in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, allow to probe the temporal variations of viscosity and elasticity of cells
Ollagnier, Arnaud. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques et de magnétorésistance géante de dépôts multicouches obtenus par électrodéposition." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0020.
Full textMultilayered deposits are industrially employed since many years. Whereas they are used for decorative plating or as (multi)functional deposits, they are ever used in various domains such as mechanics (corrosion resistance, auto-lubrication) or optoelectronics (actuators). They are widely used for many reasons: they lower considerably matter costs, keeping most of bulk materials properties in the meantime, and they are interesting alternatives for miniaturization. It has recently been discovered that when the thickness become extremely weak, new properties may appear, such as change in the crystallization network, supermodulus, superconductivity or even giant, tunnelling or anisotropic magnetoresistance (GMR, TMR and AMR). Such properties appear as opportunities for new applications areas, for example in microelectronics manufacturing. More efficient and high-speed magnetic reading and storing devices have been realized since the advent of "Spintronics" (A. Fert, 1988). This research work aims to prepare these new nanomaterials by means of electrochemical method (electrodeposition in aqueous media) and to study their magnetic and mechanical properties. They were successfully elaborated with the single bath technique (SBT). It is an original electrochemical method related to the behaviour of chromium: an aqueous solution containing high concentration of trivalent chromium (non precious metal) and moderated concentration of cobalt sulphate (precious metal) has made it possible to obtain these original lamellar materials while varying the cathodic potential in a significant manner in the potentiostatic mode. This method also permitted to realize Cr-Co alloys presenting a new structure. Regarding to increasing safety and sustainable development policy, this user- and environment-friendly (toxic hexavalent chromium is substituted by trivalent chromium), low-cost process should be an advantageous alternative to constraining preparation methods (CVD, sputtering or evaporation for multilayers, metallurgical casts for alloys) currently used
Ibanès, Cécile. "Relations structure-propriétés mécaniques de fibres de polyamide 6 renforcées de nanoparticules organiques ou minérales." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0052/these.pdf.
Full textIn this study, polymeric multifunctional systems of polyamide nature or mineral nanofillers (MMT) are added to PA6 to improve the mechanical properties of spun - drawn fibers. Stiffness is notably increased at equivalent residual strain at break for PA6 filled with highly branched molecules. X-ray scattering study of the structure changes brought about by the particles is reported in comparison with neat PA6 yarns, together with an in situ investigation of the structural changes involved by drawing. From the size of the particles and the well-known fibrillar structure of polyamide fibers, it is concluded that the particles are occluded in the inter-fibrillar amorphous phase. Globular particules should thus play the role of interfibrillar anchoring points thanks to the hydrogen bonds that can be established between neighbouring microfibrils. Mineral fillers reduce overlapping the PA6 coils in the MMT-PA6 spun fibers and display a lower entanglement density
Fellah, Farid. "Microstructure et propriétés magnétiques et mécaniques du cobalt nanostructuré consolidé à partir de nanoparticules synthétisées par chimie douce." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132019.
Full textNanostructured materials exhibit physical and mechanical properties significantly different from the corresponding bulk part. In this context, this work is a study of magnetic and mechanical properties of cobalt nanostructured materials. A bottom up approach, combining polyol process and either Hot Isostatic Pressing or Spark Plasma Sintering, was chosen to elaborate nanostructured materials. First, the synthesis of particles resulted in 50 and 240 mn cobalt nanoparticles with a faced centered cubic structure (fcc). Secondly, the consolidation gave mixture of fcc and hexagonal closed packed (hcp) materials with mean grains sized varying from 235 to 340 nm. Grains materials are observed to be subdivided by a lamellar structure corresponding to the fcc and hcp phases. The growth substructure seems to be dependant of the material density. Magnetic properties show an evolution with the grains size whereas mechanical properties show lamellar density dependence. In one hand we measured coercive fields characteristic of soft magnetic materials but still higher than amorphous materials. And in another hand, mechanical stresses reach 1200 MPa which are obviously better than amorphous materials. More over, the elongation to failure is still in a good range compared to nanocrystalline materials
Bernard, Charlotte. "Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leur fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250046.
Full textBernard, Charlotte. "Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leurs fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13455.
Full textDuhamel, Cécilie. "Cuivre nanostructuré et nanopoudres de cuivre dopé avec de l'argent pour l'étude du comportement thermo-mécanique." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002316120204611&vid=upec.
Full textAt room temperature, metallic nanomaterials reveal a near-perfect elasto-plastic behavior. To have a better understanding of the plastic deformation of nanomaterials, the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanostructured copper was studied by strain-rate jump tests under moderate temperatures and by relaxation tests at room temperature. Two parameters are measured from those tests : a high strain-rate sensitivity (m = 0,17) frim which a ductility close to 100% can be predicted and low apparent acitvation volumes (10 to 50 b3) revealing a rate-controlling mechanism based on dislocations interacting with grain boundaries. Besides, modification of grain boundaries structure due to silver segregation could be of particular interest for the study of mechanical properties. The preparation of bulk nanostructured copper doped with silver atoms by powder metallurgy was thus investigated
Maillé, Laurence. "Elaboration par pulvérisation cathodique réactive RF de multicouches nanométriques. Corrélation entre la structure, la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0011.
Full textThe aim of this work consists to performed by reactive sputtering RF nanomaterials : W, W-O, W-N single layers, W-O/W and W-N/W multilayers in order to study the microstructure, the structure and the mechanical properties of these thin films. A study of the growth of the single layers has been necessary to performed the multilayers. Various multilayer mechanical behaviors are obtained: - A Hall-Petch rule is observed for W-N/W multilayer performed with 50 % of nitrogen partial pressure. - For multilayer W-N/W and W-O/W performed with 10 % of nitrogen or oxygen partial pressure, there is no influence of the period thickness on the hardness values and these measurements are higher or lower than the law of mixture
Laanaiya, Majdouline. "Amélioration des propriétés du ciment par insertion des nanoparticules nano-Fe2O3." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I007.
Full textNano-engineering of cement through adding nanosized particles such as nanofibers, nanotubes and nanoparticles offers a great potential for developing new generations of cement based materials with ultra-high performance, superior strength and novel functionalities for smart and durable structural materials. The hybridization of hydrated cement phases by incorporating nano-structured materials in a bottom-up approach allows the manipulation of structural features of cement at the nano-scale that ultimately affect the performance and durability properties at the macro-scale. In particular, the addition of Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been shown to provide cement based materials with intrinsic self-sensing properties. The thesis presents an atomic scale study of nano-modified Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H), the primary binding material in cement based materials, by embedding Fe2O3 nanoparticles. In order to get more insights into the Portland cement main phases (alite and belite) that react with water to form C-S-H, ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the structural, mechanical and electronic properties along with the reactive sites of alite and belite. After examining the C-S-H structure at the atomic scale using molecular dynamics methods, Fe2O3 nanoparticles were inserted and the resulting hybrid material was studied. Different insertion modes of nanoparticles inside the C-S-H matrix were considered in order to elucidate how nanoparticles distribution affects the mechanical response of the hybrid composite Fe2O3/C-S-H. The structure with “well-dispersed” nanoparticles exhibits enhanced mechanical performance in both elastic and plastic regimes. Mechanical properties were enhanced with at least 24% increase compared to pure C-S-H. In addition, the “group effect” of inserted nanoparticles gives rise to a remarkable ductility and great resistance to the crack propagation in response to tensile loading. The necking phenomenon and structural hardening were both observed in response to tensile loading, indicating a ductile failure mode of Fe2O3-reinforced C-S-H. Ultimately, this work reveals the striking potential of Fe2O3 nanoparticles for developing high performance cement based materials with superior mechanical properties and self-sensing abilities
Mrabti, Abdelali. "Propriétés opto-mécaniques dans des matériaux nanostructurés : couplage plasmons-phonons." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10201.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the elastoplasmonic coupling in periodic nanostructured systems. This interaction plasmon/phonon has been studied first for a metal nanowire inserted into a cavity of a two-dimensional crystal, consisting in a periodic array of holes in a dielectric matrix. The second investigated system is a crystal with sustaining local resonances. The crystal is formed by a square array of gold nanocylindres deposited on a non-absorbing dielectric membrane. The interest of such a system is that it can support phonon modes localized in the nanocylindre enabling thus an efficient coupling with plasmon modes. The third system is a crystal constituted by a metal nanoparticles array coupled to a metal film via an ultra thin dielectric spacer (silica). The motivation behind such a study is twofold: first, plasmon modes are sensitive to small local deformations due to their strong confinement; second such a system supports many localized phonons that can provide a local amplification of vibrations. It is then a dual cavity for phonon and plasmon modes. For the three systems studied in this thesis, we have shown that mechanical vibrations can modulate during an acoustic period the wavelength of the plasmon resonance modes supported by the structure
Book chapters on the topic "Nanoparticules – Propriétés mécaniques"
Colomban, Philippe. "Nano-optique, céramiques et verres nano-structurés, des pratiques millénaires." In Regards croisés: quand les sciences archéologiques rencontrent l'innovation, 99–122. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3792.
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