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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanoscience. Nanoparticles. Nanostructured materials'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Di Maria, Francesca, Mattia Zangoli, and Giovanna Barbarella. "Supramolecular Thiophene-Based Materials: A Few Examples of the Interplay between Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties and Applications." Organic Materials 03, no. 02 (April 2021): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730934.

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Supramolecular nanostructured thiophene based materials with optoelectronic functions are of wide current interest and are playing a crucial role in different fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This short review gives a concise report of some particularly interesting examples from our own work concerning thiophene-based supramolecular architectures at multiple length scales, their function and application in devices. We start with some general considerations on the great chemical diversity of thiophene derivatives and their supramolecular architectures. Then we focus on how the supramolecular organization of specific thiophene derivatives may generate nanostructures that enable new functions and applications in devices. For each example, we report the synthesis of the corresponding thiophene derivatives.1. Introduction2. Supramolecular Organization may Impart New Functions to the System3. Supramolecular and Optoelectronic Properties of Oligothiophene-S,S-dioxides4. Colloidal Nanoparticles formed by Self-Assembly of Thiophene-Based Polymers5. Conclusions and Outlook

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Sharma, Rahul, Deepti Sharma, Linda D. Hazlett, and Nikhlesh K. Singh. "Nano-Biomaterials for Retinal Regeneration." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 22, 2021): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081880.

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Nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized key areas of environmental sciences, including biological and physical sciences. Nanoscience is useful in interconnecting these sciences to find new hybrid avenues targeted at improving daily life. Pharmaceuticals, regenerative medicine, and stem cell research are among the prominent segments of biological sciences that will be improved by nanostructure innovations. The present review was written to present a comprehensive insight into various emerging nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, hybrid nanostructures, and nanoscaffolds, that have been useful in mice for ocular tissue engineering and regeneration. Furthermore, the current status, future perspectives, and challenges of nanotechnology in tracking cells or nanostructures in the eye and their use in modified regenerative ophthalmology mechanisms have also been proposed and discussed in detail. In the present review, various research findings on the use of nano-biomaterials in retinal regeneration and retinal remediation are presented, and these findings might be useful for future clinical applications.

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Mallikarjuna, Koduru, Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed, Dunia A. Al-Farraj, Lebaka Veeranjaneya Reddy, Minnam Reddy Vasudeva Reddy, and Arifullah Mohammed. "Facile Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-Microbial and Anti-Oxidant Properties of Alkylamine Functionalized Dumb-Bell Shaped Copper-Silver Nanostructures." Crystals 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10110966.

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Admirable studies have been established on the utilization of ligand-materials as bimetallic nanoparticles in the field of nanoscience and biotechnology. UV-Vis, XRD, HR-TEM, STEM-HAADF, EDS, FTIR, and DPPH analyses characterized the optical, structural, compositional morphological, and antioxidant properties of synthesized Cu-Ag nanostructures. The spectrum of UV-Vis exhibited absorption bands at 590 and 413 nm, which reflects the surface plasmon resonance of copper-silver nanostructures. Herein, our exploration of alkylamine stabilized copper/silver nanostructures while using hexadecylamine as capping material and their primary biomedical investigation on antimicrobial and antioxidant studies is reported. Cu-Ag bimetallic nanostructures were more effective against gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Klebsiella when compared to gram-positive bacteria. The antioxidant activity of Cu-Ag nanoparticles was comparable with Ascorbic acid.

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Selvamani, Thangavel, Abdullah M. Asiri, Abdulrahman O. Al-Youbi, and Sambandam Anandan. "Emergent Synthesis of Bismuth Subcarbonate Nanomaterials with Various Morphologies towards Photocatalytic Activities - An Overview." Materials Science Forum 764 (July 2013): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.764.169.

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The unique properties of bismuth subcarbonate nanomaterials provide benefits in remediation, pollution prevention, and efficient use of resources; however, the greatest contribution to green chemistry is likely to be the new manufacturing strategies available through nanoscience. Thus, the present overview mainly focuses on the synthesis of diverse bismuth subcarbonates nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanoplates, nanosheets, hollow microspheres and microstructures resembles rose, sponge, flower and persimmon-like morphologies; and studied their photocatalytic activities to reveal the morphological features of the precursor. Moreover the wide characterizations of these materials using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques; and the probable catalytic mechanism based on their diverse architectures were discussed.

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Amin, Sidra, Aneela Tahira, Amber Solangi, Ayman Nafady, and Zafar Hussain Ibupoto. "MoSx–Co3O4 Nanocomposite for Selective Determination of Ascorbic Acid." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 2595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19126.

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Designing a nanocomposite with sensitive and selective determination of ascorbic acid is challenging task. It is possible through the exploitation of attractive features of nanoscience and nanotechnology for the synthesis of nanostructured materials. Herein, we report the decoration of nanoparticle of MoSx on the surface of Co3O4 nanowires by hydrothermal method. The MoSx nanoparticles shared the large surface on the Co3O4 nanowires, thus it supported in the development enzyme free ascorbic acid sensor. Non-enzymatic sensor based on MoSx-Co3O4 composite was found very selective for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA) in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4. The MoSx-Co3O4 nanocomposite was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode to measure AA from variety of practical samples. The MoSx-Co3O4 nanocomposite was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode and it has shown the attractive analytical features such as a low working potential +0.3 V, linear range of concentration from 100–7000 μM, low limit of detection 14 μM, and low limit of quantification (LOQ) of 42 μM. The developed sensor is highly selective and stable. Importantly, it was applied successfully for the practical applications such as detection of AA from grapefruit, tomato and lemon juice. The excellent electrochemical properties of fabricated MoSx-Co3O4 nanocomposite can be attributed to the increasing electro active surface area of MoSx. The presented nanocomposite is earth abundant, environment friendly and inexpensive and it holds promising features for the selective and sensitive determination of AA from practical applications. The nanocomposite can be capitalized into the wide range of biomedical applications.

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Rajani, Altaf, Priyanka Chauhan, and Pranav Y. Dave. "Nanocomposites: A New Tendency of Structure in Nanotechnology and Material Science." Journal of Nanoscience and Technology 7, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jnst.315.21070103.

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Nanoscience has become a diverse and unique field of scientific and technical activity. Over the last few years, the research interest in nanomaterials/nanoparticles and their various applications in various electronic devices, effective optoelectronic devices, bio-sensors, photodetectors, solar cells, nanodevices and plasmonic structures have been increasing tremendously. The reasons are-the unique properties of nanostructures and the outstanding performance of nanoscale devices. At the nanoscale, a material’s property can change dramatically, with unique design possibilities and properties; they attract the attention of researchers worldwide. Nano-composites are those materials with a Nano-scale structure which improves the microscopic property of the products. Composite materials have combinations of two or several nanocomponents, which acquire new and unique characteristic properties that the individual constituents, by themselves, cannot obtain. There are number of various methods to synthesis various Nano-composites. Based on the literature survey, this review article explains a brief introduction of nanocomposites and their types, preparation methods and different diverse properties. It also describes the benefits and limitations of it and new challenges/future scope of the nanocomposites for the better future applications in different sectors.

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Nichitus, Simona, Gabriela Calin, Alexandra Burlui, Carmen Stadoleanu, and Vasile Burlui. "Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) Type Materials Used in Water Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.273.

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Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or LDHs matrices used for water treatment have been reviewed in this article. These aggregated nanoparticles can be obtained by sol-gel, hydrothermal or coprecipitation method, therefore their shape, size, properties (such as magnetic, acido-bazic, red-ox, texture and assembly) and applications are tailored as a function of synthesis method and process parameters respectively. Among other materials used in water treatment we chose layered double hydroxides generally named LDHs or in particular case hydrotalcites (MgAlLDHs). During calcination layered structure is destroyed giving rise to new structures like mixed oxides partially crystallized. LDHs and calcined LDHs type materials were able to uptake selected products. An important issue for removal of undesirable species for human health was M2+/M3+ cation ratio. Results show a better uptake of anionic compounds for thermally activated LDHs due to their “memory effect”. A large variety of LDHs was investigated in order to demonstrate their adsorption capacity for anionic compounds, cations, gas compounds even microorganisms. Nowadays one of the atractive issues of nanoscience is both the synthesis of these nanostructures and the assembly and organization way but the interest of scientists is to find new properties and applications in order to protect the environment. These cost effective, eco-friendly materials revealed new opportunities for waste water treatment.

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Ali, Md Eaqub, Mahbub Ullah, Azman Maamor, and Sharifah Bee A. Hamid. "Surfactant Assisted Ball Milling: A Simple Top down Approach for the Synthesis of Controlled Structure Nanoparticle." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.356.

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The unlimited applications of nanoparticles in human life are increasing day by day. Nanoparticles have drawn attention among researchers from academia to industry due to its large specific surface area, high chemical reactivity, physical affinity and interesting optical, electrical and magnetic properties. These properties of nanoparticles stimulate researchers to reduce particle sizes from few sub micrometers to nanometer levels. The successful application of nanoparticles depends on the simplicity of the methods for its cost effective synthesis. Since the very beginning of nanoscience, development of simple, low cost and high yielding methods has been a challenging task. Various approaches were proposed for the commercial production of nanomaterials from solid state. However, chemical method which is complicated and expensive showed limited success in the synthesis of controlled structure nanoparticles from rare-earth solid compounds. Among all the approaches, high energy ball milling with surfactant has been widely exploited for the synthesis of various nanomaterials, nanograins, nanocomposites from solid state. Self-assembled structures of surfactants provide a valuable tool for the controlled formation of nanostructure. In this process, the dispersion and enhanced grinding of particles are achieved in the reaction centers that reside in the microstructure of surfactants. In high-energy ball milling, plastic deformation, cold-welding and fracture are predominant factors which lead to a change in particle shape, size. These result in the formation of fine and dispersed particles. Stirred ball mill grinding is advantageous for nanoparticle production over other fine grinding techniques owing to its easy operation, simple construction, high size reduction rate and relatively low energy consumption. The aim of this systematic review is to represent the basic concept and applications of mechanical milling in the surfactant assisted synthesis of various nanomaterial, nanocomposite and nanocarbon materials.

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Zhang, Haonan, and Amanda S. Barnard. "Impact of atomistic or crystallographic descriptors for classification of gold nanoparticles." Nanoscale 13, no. 27 (2021): 11887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr02258j.

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Nanoscience is multi-disciplinary and nanoparticles can be described in different ways. Using pattern recognition we show that choice of descriptors can influence the amount of detail from machine learning, but not necessarily the underlying trends.

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Borghi, F. F., A. E. Rider, S. Kumar, Z. J. Han, D. Haylock, and K. Ostrikov. "Emerging Stem Cell Controls: Nanomaterials and Plasma Effects." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/329139.

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Stem cells (SC) are among the most promising cell sources for tissue engineering due to their ability to self-renew and differentiate, properties that underpin their clinical application in tissue regeneration. As such, control of SC fate is one of the most crucial issues that needs to be fully understood to realise their tremendous potential in regenerative biology. The use of functionalized nanostructured materials (NM) to control the microscale regulation of SC has offered a number of new features and opportunities for regulating SC. However, fabricating and modifying such NM to induce specific SC response still represent a significant scientific and technological challenge. Due to their versatility, plasmas are particularly attractive for the manufacturing and modification of tailored nanostructured surfaces for stem cell control. In this review, we briefly describe the biological role of SC and the mechanisms by which they are controlled and then highlight the benefits of using a range of nanomaterials to control the fate of SC. We then discuss how plasma nanoscience research can help produce/functionalise these NMs for more effective and specific interaction with SCs. The review concludes with a perspective on the advantages and challenges of research at the intersection between plasma physics, materials science, nanoscience, and SC biology.

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Samyn, Pieter, Ahmed Barhoum, Thomas Öhlund, and Alain Dufresne. "Review: nanoparticles and nanostructured materials in papermaking." Journal of Materials Science 53, no. 1 (September 12, 2017): 146–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1525-4.

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12

Kravchenko, T. P., I. Yu Gorbunova, S. N. Filatov, M. L. Kerber, E. G. Rakov, and V. V. Kireev. "Polypropylene-based Nanostructured Materials." International Polymer Science and Technology 44, no. 4 (April 2017): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704400409.

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The effect of nanosized carbon additives on the properties and crystallisation of polypropylene was investigated. It was shown that the introduction of carbon nanoparticles affects the crystallisation rate and the properties of polypropylene.

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13

Cully, John J., Jacob L. Swett, Kyle Willick, Jonathan Baugh, and Jan A. Mol. "Graphene nanogaps for the directed assembly of single-nanoparticle devices." Nanoscale 13, no. 13 (2021): 6513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr01450a.

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Manipulating matter at the nanoscale has long been a central challenge in the field of nanoscience. Here, we employ graphene nanogaps as a platform for the dielectrophoretic capture of single nanoparticles to form hybrid low-dimensional devices.

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Nanda, Karuna Kar. "Size-dependent density of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials." Physics Letters A 376, no. 45 (October 2012): 3301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2012.10.001.

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15

Madhumitha, G., and Selvaraj Mohana Roopan. "Devastated Crops: Multifunctional Efficacy for the Production of Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/951858.

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Integration of green chemistry principles to nanotechnology is one of the key issues in nanoscience research. Biological methods were used to synthesize metal and metal oxide nanoparticles of specific shape and size since they enhance the properties of nanoparticles in greener route. Plant-mediated methods devoid the use of toxic chemicals in the synthetic protocols which has adverse effects on the environment. Owing to the rich biodiversity of plants and their potential secondary constituents, plants and plant parts have gained attention in recent years as medium for nanoparticles' synthesis. In this review, we present the current status of nanoparticles synthesis using devastated crops.

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SIRGHIE, Alexandru, Mihai OPROESCU, Gabriel Vasile IANA, and Adriana Gabriela PLAIASU. "Nanostructured materials for CBRNdetection." University of Pitesti. Scientific Bulletin - Automotive Series 30, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26825/bup.ar.2020.009.

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Nanomaterials are gaining significance in technological applications due to their chemical, physical, and mechanical properties and enhanced performance when compared with their bulkier counterparts. The synthesis of nanostructured materials has led to a significant increase in properties (thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical) as well as the discovery of materials with new properties due the fact that at the nanoscale the materials have a high surface area Most applications of nanomaterials in sensors are related to their synthesis. In this paper we report recent trends in applications of various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanowires andgraphene to detect CBRN agents.

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Nasimi, Parva, and Maryam Haidari. "Medical Use of Nanoparticles." International Journal of Green Nanotechnology 1 (January 1, 2013): 194308921350697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1943089213506978.

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Researchers today are able to encapsulate medicine in nanoparticles, the size of viruses. The nanoparticles are effective for drug delivery—the delivery of the medicine to the body—because they can very precisely find diseased cells and carry the medicine to them. This means that one can suffice with less dosage and thereby fewer side effects. In addition, nanoscience and nanotechnological methods are spurring the development of more sophisticated tools for detecting diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis, at early stages and performing neurosurgery. Applications of nanotechnology in disease diagnoses are developing rapidly. Their unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of human activity.

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de Jesús Rostro-Alanis, Magdalena, Elena Ivonne Mancera-Andrade, Mayra Beatriz Gómez Patiño, Daniel Arrieta-Baez, Braulio Cardenas, Sergio O. Martinez-Chapa, and Roberto Parra Saldívar. "Nanobiocatalysis: Nanostructured materials – a minireview." Biocatalysis 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/boca-2016-0001.

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AbstractThe field of nanobiocatalysis has experienced a rapid growth due to recent advances in nanotechnology. However, biocatalytic processes are often limited by the lack of stability of the enzymes and their short lifetime. Therefore, immobilization is key to the successful implementation of industrial processes based on enzymes. Immobilization of enzymes on functionalized nanostructured materials could give higher stability to nanobiocatalysts while maintaining free enzyme activity and easy recyclability under various conditions. This review will discuss recent developments in nanobiocatalysis to improve the stability of the enzyme using various nanostructured materials such as mesoporous materials, nanofibers, nanoparticles, nanotubes, and individual nanoparticles enzymes. Also, this review summarizes the recent evolution of nanostructured biocatalysts with an emphasis on those formed with polymers. Based on the synthetic procedures used, established methods fall into two important categories: “grafting onto” and “grafting from”. The fundamentals of each method in enhancing enzyme stability and the use of these new nanobiocatalysts as tools for different applications in different areas are discussed.

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PARK, SOOJIN, and THOMAS P. RUSSELL. "NANOSCALE PATTERNING IN BLOCK COPOLYMER THIN FILMS." Nano 05, no. 01 (February 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292010001822.

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Nanoscale patterning in block copolymer (BCP) thin films is one of the key issues in nanoscience and nanotechnology. To make useful nanoscale patterns in applications such as magnetic media, wire-grid polarizer, and opto-electronics, the control of orientation and lateral ordering of BCP microdomains is required. The generation of highly ordered and oriented cylindrical microdomains in BCP thin films will be discussed. This is followed by a review of applications of nanoscale patterns like fabrication of nanoporous templates, metallic nanowires, and the preparation of nanostructured inorganic materials.

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Gürbüz, Sinem, Muazzam Idris, and Dönüs Tuncel. "Cucurbituril-based supramolecular engineered nanostructured materials." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 2 (2015): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ob02065k.

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Ignjatovic, Nenad, Smilja Markovic, Dragana Jugovic, Vuk Uskokovic, and Dragan Uskokovic. "From molecules to nanoparticles to functional materials." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 11 (2020): 1383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200426035i.

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Functional nanomaterials have held a steady position at the frontier of materials science and engineering in the 21st century. ?Molecular Designing of Nanoparticles with Controlled Morphological and Physicochemical Characteristics and Functional Materials Based on Them? was the title of the research project funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia and performed between 2011 and 2019 in the interdisciplinary area of nanoscience and nanotechnologies. Research activities within this program were divided into five interrelated topics: 1) from molecules to nanoparticles; 2) advanced ceramics with improved functional properties; 3) electrode materials for lithium?ion batteries; 4) nano-calcium phosphate in preventive and regenerative medicine; 5) biodegradable microand nano-particles for the controlled delivery of medicaments. This report gives an insight into this bibliographically most impactful Serbian national project on nanotechnologies executed within the aforementioned nine-year cycle, 2011?2019, focusing here only on the results achieved in the past three years. The project provided an outstanding and internationally recognized contribution to synthesis, characterization and functional design of a number of materials systems, including pure and lanthanide?doped hydroxyapatite, zinc oxides, sodium cobaltates, lithium iron pyrophosphates, lithium iron silicates and a number of polymeric systems.

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Nanda, Karuna Kar. "Anomaly in Thermal Stability of Nanostructured Materials." Materials Science Forum 653 (June 2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.653.23.

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Understanding of the melting temperature of nanostructures is beneficial to exploit phase transitions and their applications at elevated temperatures. The melting temperature of nanostructured materials depends on particle size, shape and dimensionality and has been well established both experimentally and theoretically. The large surface-to-volume ratio is the key for the low melting temperature of nanostructured materials. The melting temperature of almost free nanoparticles decreases with decreasing size although there are anomalies for some cases. Superheating has been reported for some embedded nanoparticles. Local maxima and minima in the melting temperature have been reported for particles with fewer atoms. Another quantity that is influenced by large surface-to-volume ratio and related to the thermal stability, is the vapour pressure. The vapour pressure of nanoparticles is shown to be enhanced for smaller particles. In this article, we have discussed the anomaly in thermal stability of nanostructured materials.

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Quan, Bo, Chaedong Lee, Jung Sun Yoo, and Yuanzhe Piao. "Facile scalable synthesis of highly monodisperse small silica nanoparticles using alkaline buffer solution and their application for efficient sentinel lymph node mapping." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 3 (2017): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb02304e.

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Sahu, Saurabh, and Raj Kumar Dutta. "Novel hybrid nanostructured materials of magnetite nanoparticles and pectin." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 323, no. 7 (April 2011): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.11.085.

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Surendran, Geetarani, Gabriela Apostolescu, Myriam Tokumoto, Eric Prouzet, Laurence Ramos, Patricia Beaunier, Patricia J. Kooyman, Arnaud Etcheberry, and Hynd Remita. "From Self-Assembly of Platinum Nanoparticles to Nanostructured Materials." Small 1, no. 10 (October 2005): 964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.200500011.

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Caldarola, Martín, and Michel Orrit. "Single molecules and single nanoparticles as windows to the nanoscale." Europhysics News 49, no. 2 (March 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2018201.

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Since the first optical detection of single molecules, they have been used as nanometersized optical sensors to explore the physical properties of materials and light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. Understanding nanoscale properties of materials is fundamental for the development of new technology that requires precise control of atoms and molecules when the quantum nature of matter cannot be ignored. In the following lines, we illustrate this journey into nanoscience with some experiments from our group.

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Busatto, S., A. Zendrini, A. Radeghieri, L. Paolini, M. Romano, M. Presta, and P. Bergese. "The nanostructured secretome." Biomaterials Science 8, no. 1 (2020): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9bm01007f.

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The term secretome should be expanded to also include the great variety of nanoparticles secreted by cells into the extracellular space, which ranges from lipoproteins of a few nanometers to extracellular vesicles of hundreds of nanometers.

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Ge, M. Y., H. P. Wu, L. Niu, J. F. Liu, S. Y. Chen, P. Y. Shen, Y. W. Zeng, Y. W. Wang, G. Q. Zhang, and J. Z. Jiang. "Nanostructured ZnO: From monodisperse nanoparticles to nanorods." Journal of Crystal Growth 305, no. 1 (July 2007): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.03.016.

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Arruebo, Manuel, Mónica Valladares, and África González-Fernández. "Antibody-Conjugated Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2009 (2009): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/439389.

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Nanoscience and Nanotechnology have found their way into the fields of Biotechnology and Medicine. Nanoparticles by themselves offer specific physicochemical properties that they do not exhibit in bulk form, where materials show constant physical properties regardless of size. Antibodies are nanosize biological products that are part of the specific immune system. In addition to their own properties as pathogens or toxin neutralizers, as well as in the recruitment of immune elements (complement, improving phagocytosis, cytotoxicity antibody dependent by natural killer cells, etc.), they could carry several elements (toxins, drugs, fluorochroms, or even nanoparticles, etc.) and be used in several diagnostic procedures, or even in therapy to destroy a specific target. The conjugation of antibodies to nanoparticles can generate a product that combines the properties of both. For example, they can combine the small size of nanoparticles and their special thermal, imaging, drug carrier, or magnetic characteristics with the abilities of antibodies, such as specific and selective recognition. The hybrid product will show versatility and specificity. In this review, we analyse both antibodies and nanoparticles, focusing especially on the recent developments for antibody-conjugated nanoparticles, offering the researcher an overview of the different applications and possibilities of these hybrid carriers.

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Ling, Min, and Christopher S. Blackman. "Gas-phase synthesis of hybrid nanostructured materials." Nanoscale 10, no. 48 (2018): 22981–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06257a.

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A chemical vapour deposition route is introduced to construct nano-heterostructured thin film of noble metal or their oxide nanoparticles decorating on 1D WO₃ nanorods. The size of nanoparticle is able to be easily tuned by controlling the deposition time showing enhanced photocatalytic property.

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Pal, Sukanta, Sourav Mondal, Prasanta Pal, and Jayanta Maity. "Green Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of ZnO Nanoparticles—A Review." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1009–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2019.2532.

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Nanoscience and nanotechnology manage the creation, running, and utilization of the materials having the nanoscale measurement. In this audit, for the most part, centers on the green amalgamation of zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing diverse plants parts (leaf, bloom, natural products, root and stem bark), microscopic organisms, and growth with logical name, family name, regular name and its portrayal, size, and state of the nanoparticles, and different applications. Different significances and utilization of the green incorporated ZnO nanoparticles in the photocatalyst and antibacterial movements were also examined.

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Solairajan, A. Saravanapandi, S. Alexraj, P. Ganesh Kumar, and P. Vijaya Rajan. "Review on Nano Fabrication and Application." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.508.

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Nanoscience is primarily deals with synthesis, exploration, exploitation and of nanostructured materials. Those materials are characterized by at least one dimension in the nanometer range. Particles of “nano” size have been shown to exhibit enhanced or novel properties including reactivity, thermal properties, greater sensing capability, electrical conductivity and increased mechanical strength. These nanotechnique offers clean, simple, fast, economic, and efficient for the synthesis of a variety of organic molecules, have provided the momentum for many chemists to switch from traditional method. In this article an attempt was made to focus on what is nanomaterials, how is it generated and what all the importance it may have are and the important applications.

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Xia, Xin, Ezzeldin Metwalli, Matthias A. Ruderer, Volker Körstgens, Peter Busch, Peter Böni, and Peter Müller-Buschbaum. "Nanostructured diblock copolymer films with embedded magnetic nanoparticles." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 23, no. 25 (June 8, 2011): 254203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/23/25/254203.

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Krinke, Thomas J, Knut Deppert, Martin H Magnusson, and Heinz Fissan. "Nanostructured Deposition of Nanoparticles from the Gas Phase." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 19, no. 5 (November 2002): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4117(200211)19:5<321::aid-ppsc321>3.0.co;2-i.

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35

Zamora-Justo, José Alberto, Paulina Abrica-González, Guillermo Rocael Vázquez-Martínez, Alejandro Muñoz-Diosdado, José Abraham Balderas-López, and Miguel Ibáñez-Hernández. "Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as DNA and Atorvastatin Delivery Systems and Cytotoxicity Evaluation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (October 13, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5982047.

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The application of nanoscience and nanotechnology in medicine has been useful in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of many diseases. Gold nanoparticles are commonly used for medical imaging studies, biosensors, drug delivery systems, and gene therapy. It has been reported that nanoparticles coated with specific polymers improve the biocompatibility and stability and decrease the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles. In this work, we performed transfection studies of gold nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol, synthetized by two different methods, in a human embryonic kidney cell culture (HEK 293), by using plasmids pSV-β-Gal and pIRES2-EGFP. In addition, we also evaluated the cell uptake of a fluorescent drug (atorvastatin) using the synthetized gold nanoparticles as carriers. Furthermore, the study of cell viability after the interaction between these cells and the nanoparticles was performed. It was shown that the polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles presented transfection efficiency and cell uptake greater than 45% in each case. These results suggest that the synthetized gold nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol could be used successfully and safely as DNA and drug delivery systems.

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Seo, Hyuk-Seong, Seong-Eun Kim, Jin-Seung Park, Jong-Hwan Lee, Ki-Yeon Yang, Heon Lee, Kyung Eun Lee, Sung-Sik Han, and Jeewon Lee. "A Three-Dimensional Nanostructured Array of Protein Nanoparticles." Advanced Functional Materials 20, no. 23 (September 8, 2010): 4055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201001144.

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37

Jeevanandam, Jaison, Ahmed Barhoum, Yen S. Chan, Alain Dufresne, and Michael K. Danquah. "Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (April 3, 2018): 1050–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.98.

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Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.

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GOPALAN, PUSHPA R. "CYCLODEXTRIN-STABILIZED METAL NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION." International Journal of Nanoscience 09, no. 05 (October 2010): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10007204.

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A simple and novel method of synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from their salt solutions by amino acid reduction in the presence of β-Cyclodextrin as capping and stabilizing agent has been successfully carried out. Characterization is done by UV spectroscopy and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Micrograph (HRTEM) imaging. The size of the nanomaterials is found to lie in the range 5–100 nm. The aqueous solutions of metal nanomaterials are stable for months, indicating the encapsulation of them in the nanocavity of β-Cyclodextrin. This report is new and novel as it is a combination of nanoscience with Supramolecular Chemistry. Cyclodextrin-capped metal nanoparticles will exhibit selectivity in properties derived from host–guest phenomena on their surfaces and are novel nanocatalysts for catalytic organic reactions in aqueous solution. Cyclodextrins are found to be very effective and eco-friendly alternatives to surfactants and polymer matrices as stabilizers.

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Taglietti, Angelo, Piersandro Pallavicini, and Giacomo Dacarro. "Prussian Blue and Its Analogs as Novel Nanostructured Antibacterial Materials." Applied Nano 2, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applnano2020008.

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Prussian blue is an ancient artificial pigment. Its biocompatibility and the possibility of synthesizing it in nanometric size stimulated the interest of the scientific community. Many uses of Prussian blue nanoparticles have been reported in the field of nanomedicine. More recently, interest into the potential application of Prussian blue nanoparticles as antibacterial agents has spread. Literature regarding Prussian blue and its analogs as antibacterial materials is still limited, but the number of papers has grown quickly over the last 2–3 years.

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Bouafia, Abderrhmane, Salah Eddine Laouini, Abdelaal S. A. Ahmed, Alexander V. Soldatov, Hamed Algarni, Kwok Feng Chong, and Gomaa A. M. Ali. "The Recent Progress on Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Electronic Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092318.

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Nanoscience enables researchers to develop new and cost-effective nanomaterials for energy, healthcare, and medical applications. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are currently increasingly synthesized for their superior physicochemical and electronic properties. Good knowledge of these characteristics allows the development of applications in all sensitive and essential fields in the service of humans and the environment. This review aims to summarize the Ag NPs synthesis methods, properties, applications, and future challenges. Generally, Ag NPs can be synthesized using physical, chemical, and biological routes. Due to the great and increasing demand for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, researchers have invented a new, environmentally friendly, inexpensive synthetic method that replaces other methods with many defects. Studies of Ag NPs have increased after clear and substantial support from governments to develop nanotechnology. Ag NPs are the most widely due to their various potent properties. Thus, this comprehensive review discusses the different synthesis procedures and electronic applications of Ag NPs.

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Park, Yushin, and Rigoberto C. Advincula. "Hybrid Semiconductor Nanoparticles: π-Conjugated Ligands and Nanostructured Films." Chemistry of Materials 23, no. 19 (October 11, 2011): 4273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm201199u.

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42

Shen, Jia-Yan, Ting Dong, Liang Fang, Jian-Jun Ma, and Li-Hong Zeng. "Study on Multifunctional Composite Nanomaterials for Controlled Drug Release in Biomedicine." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18685.

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Nanoscience is a highly comprehensive, interdisciplinary discipline based on many advanced science and technology, and has developed very rapidly in the past few decades. Nanoscience and technology has been widely used in many fields such as biomedicine, materials science, chemistry, physics, and electronic information engineering. Nanomaterials are widely used due to their many excellent properties such as quantum size effects, small size effects, surface effects, and tunneling effects, and have become hot research areas. It is very suitable as a carrier for antitumor drug molecules, which is conducive to improving drug efficacy and reducing drugs side effects. After selective functionalization, it is highly possible to achieve the loading and release of multiple drug molecules. Based on the magnetic mesoporous Fe3O4-MSNs composite nanoparticles, we have modified a series of organosilane coupling agents on its surface. The most commonly used antitumor drug (adriamycin) in clinical was selected as a model to evaluate the loading and release behavior of modified composite nanoparticles Fe3O4-MSNs on this drug. The results indicate that Fe3O4 is selectively modified after appropriate modification of the silane coupling agent. MSNs carrier can effectively regulate the adsorption and release rate of hydrophilic DOX and hydrophobic PTX, and shows a good drug control ability.

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Barberio, M., and P. Antici. "Nanostructured target fabrication with metal and semiconductor nanoparticles." Materials Research Express 2, no. 10 (October 2, 2015): 105005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/2/10/105005.

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Tanaka, Shun-Ichiro. "Control and Modification of Nanostructured Materials by Electron Beam Irradiation." Quantum Beam Science 5, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/qubs5030023.

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I have proposed a bottom-up technology utilising irradiation with active beams, such as electrons and ions, to achieve nanostructures with a size of 3–40 nm. This can be used as a nanotechnology that provides the desired structures, materials, and phases at desired positions. Electron beam irradiation of metastable θ-Al2O3, more than 1019 e/cm2s in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), enables the production of oxide-free Al nanoparticles, which can be manipulated to undergo migration, bonding, rotation, revolution, and embedding. The manipulations are facilitated by momentum transfer from electrons to nanoparticles, which takes advantage of the spiral trajectory of the electron beam in the magnetic field of the TEM pole piece. Furthermore, onion-like fullerenes and intercalated structures on amorphous carbon films are induced through catalytic reactions. δ-, θ-Al2O3 ball/wire hybrid nanostructures were obtained in a short time using an electron irradiation flashing mode that switches between 1019 and 1022 e/cm2s. Various α-Al2O3 nanostructures, such as encapsulated nanoballs or nanorods, are also produced. In addition, the preparation or control of Pt, W, and Cu nanoparticles can be achieved by electron beam irradiation with a higher intensity.

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Tokarev, Alexander, Jeremy Yatvin, Oleksandr Trotsenko, Jason Locklin, and Sergiy Minko. "Magnetic Nanoparticles: Nanostructured Soft Matter with Magnetic Nanoparticles (Adv. Funct. Mater. 22/2016)." Advanced Functional Materials 26, no. 22 (June 2016): 3749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201670137.

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46

Kuzminova, Anna, Pavel Solař, Peter Kúš, and Ondřej Kylián. "Double Plasmon Resonance Nanostructured Silver Coatings with Tunable Properties." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1592621.

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Plasmonic materials that exhibit dual or multiple localised surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) due to their high application potential in biosensing and biodetection are gaining increasing attention. Here, we report on the novel strategy suitable for the production of silver nanostructured dual-LSPR coatings. This fully vacuum-based technique uses a magnetron sputtering of Ag and a gas aggregation source of silver nanoparticles. It is shown that when combined, produced Ag nano-islands and nanoparticles exhibit due to their different sizes and shapes two independent LSPRs in the visible part of spectra. Furthermore, the intensities and positions of individual LSPR may be precisely controlled by the amount of sputter-deposited nano-islands and a number of Ag nanoparticles, which opens new possibilities for the tailor-made production of novel platforms for surface-enhanced spectroscopic biodetection.

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WHITFIELD, PAMELA, and LYNDON MITCHELL. "X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS, POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AND SOME SOLUTIONS." International Journal of Nanoscience 03, no. 06 (December 2004): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x04002620.

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Powder X-ray diffraction has become a cornerstone technique for deriving crystallite size in nanoscience due to speed and "simplicity". Unfortunately, this apparently simple technique commonly has unexpected problems. Anisotropic peak broadening related to crystallite shape, defects, and microstrain occurs frequently in nanomaterials and can significantly complicate the analysis. In some instances, the usage of the conventional single peak approach would give erroneous results, and in others, this type of analysis is not even possible. A number of different nanocrystalline oxides have been examined to determine their crystallite sizes by different techniques. They differ in terms of crystal symmetry, crystallinity, density, and present different challenges with regard to size analysis.

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48

Purcar, Violeta, Valentin Rădiţoiu, Cornelia Nichita, Adriana Bălan, Alina Rădiţoiu, Simona Căprărescu, Florentina Monica Raduly, et al. "Preparation and Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles and of Silica-Gentamicin Nanostructured Solution Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Synthesis." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14082086.

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In this research work, silica nanoparticles and silica-gentamicin nanostructured solution were synthesized by using the microwave-assisted synthesis, in basic medium, using two silane precursors (tetraethylorthosilicate and octyltriethoxysilane) and the antibiotic (gentamicin sulfate). The prepared materials were characterized through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, TGA analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the morphology and structure. Antimicrobial studies of the silica-gentamicin nanostructured solution versus silica nanoparticles were performed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. FTIR spectra showed that the gentamicin has been loaded to the silica nanoparticles. AFM analysis showed that the morphology of the silica-gentamicin nanostructured solution has changed, and agglomerations of particles are present at the surface. Antimicrobial testing, performed using the diffusion method through spot inoculation, indicates that the silica-gentamicin nanostructured solution exhibited activity against the resistant strain. The obtained silica-gentamicin solution can be used as biochemical agent for the prevention and treatment of microorganisms which are deposited on different surfaces (e.g., glass, plastic, ceramic).

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Ignjatovic, Nenad, Smilja Markovic, Dragana Jugovic, and Dragan Uskokovic. "Molecular designing of nanoparticles and functional materials." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 82, no. 6 (2017): 607–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc1612070011i.

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The interdisciplinary research team implemented the program titled ?Molecular designing of nanoparticles with controlled morphological and physicochemical characteristics and functional materials based on them? (MODENAFUNA), between 2011 and 2016, gaining new knowledge significant to the further improvement of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies. It gathered under its umbrella six main interrelated topics pertaining to the design and control of morphological and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and functional material based on them using new methods of synthesis and processing: 1) inorganic nanoparticles, 2) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, 3) functional ceramics with improved electrical and optical properties, 4) full density nanostructured calcium phosphate and functionally-graded materials, 5) nano-calcium phosphate in bone tissue engineering and 6) biodegradable micro- and nano-particles for the controlled delivery of medicaments.

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Woudenberg, Fiona C. M., Wiebke F. C. Sager, Johan E. Elshof, and Henk Verweij. "Nanostructured Dense ZrO2Thin Films from Nanoparticles Obtained by Emulsion Precipitation." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87, no. 8 (August 2004): 1430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.01430.x.

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