Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanosondes'
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Bahhaj, Fatima El. "Nanosondes épigénétiques." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2289/document.
Full textEpigenetic targets like histone deacetylases (HDAC) are studied as new anticancer treatments, their dysfunctioning being associated to cancer mechanisms. Several epigenetic target inhibitors have been developed like SAHA or CI-994. Our group has developed a new trichostatin A analogue called NODH. Despite their promising in vitro anticancer effect, these inhibitors suffer from lack of solubility, toxic effects and rapid clearance. These constrains make the HDACi good candidates for ligation to vectors able to carry them in the body and to release them when the tumor is reached. The first part of this thesis work has focused on the development of acid sensitive prodrugs able to release an active substance after cellular internalization by endocytosis. These systems were applied to three HDACi SAHA, CI-994 and NODH. These prodrugs were then conjugated to polymeric nanoparticles known for their biocompatibility and their accumulation in tumors exploiting the EPR effect. The anticancer activity of some nanoparticles has been validated by in vitro and in vivo tests. The second part of this work was carried out in order to prepare pH sensitive fluorescent prodrugs able to release the active molecule and to modulate the fluorescent effect by pH changes. The last part of this work was dedicated for the development of a new synthesis in suparacid potentially stereoselective of several benzofuranones required for the preparation of NODH analogs
Vũ, Xuân Hòa. "Nanosondes plasmoniques pour les applications biomédicales." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077107.
Full textGold nanoparticles have remarkable optical properties due to their plasmon resonance. At resonance, their absorption and scattering cross-sections can be larger than their geometric section. This opens the way to many applications especially in the biomedical field. For example it is possible to track a single nanoparticle by its scattered signal, or use it as a source efficient photothermal transducer. In the first part, we have developed gold nanoparticles with half-sphere shaped, called nanocrescents, by nanosphere lithography. This reproducible technique allows the production of monodisperse nanocrescents, possibly incorporating other additional properties. In particular, we designed hybrid nanoprobes combining magnetic properties or fluorescence plasmonic properties. The anisotropic shape of nanocrescents gives them anisotropic optical properties that have the signature of their orientation. In a second part, we have developed a technique to measure local temperature from corrélations of the scattered light from an individual nanocrescent under dark field microscopy. The rotational Brownian motion of the nanoparticle gives access to the temperature of the immediate environment. Finally, in the third part, we have developed a photothermic setup using a laser that coincides with one of the plasmon resonances of the nanocroissants. These latter behave as nano-heater. The local increase of temperature was measured remotely, with an accuracy of approximately one degree, using the scattering correlation spectroscopy
Loumaigne, Matthieu. "Spectroscopie de nanosondes hybrides à coeur métallique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841260.
Full textBouraleh, Hoch Farhan. "Nanosondes multimodales pour l'imagerie simultanée IRM / TEP." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD032.
Full textMedical imaging has become a cornerstone of the fight against various diseases (cancer, cardiovascular diseases) since it allows to detect and monitor the development of disease and to guide therapy. The current trend is to combine several complementary imaging techniques to exploit the advantages of each while overcoming their limitations. Among the numerous possibilities, the combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) appears very attractive because it allies the high resolution of MRI to the exceptional sensitivity of PET. If the development of this imaging device is in itself a significant challenge, the design of multimodal probes also constitutes an essential step for exploiting MRI/PET fused technology. For achieving the development of multimodal probes for integrated MRI/PET, two strategies based on the multifunctional character of the nanoparticles have been explored, keeping in mind that these nanostructured imaging agents must be removed by renal clearance (Dh< 10 nm). The first one consists in the synthesis of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles coated by two different types of chelator for a selective complexation of gadolinium ions (for MRI) and of positron emitters (for PET). The second strategy allowed to reduce gold salt in presence of dithiolated molecules containing two specific complexation sites.The reduction of gold salt in presence of a mixture of two different dithiolated chelators or in presence of dithiolated molecules containing two specific complexation sites provides ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (core size (TEM): 2-3 nm and hydrodynamic diameter (DLS): 6-8 nm) which are able to immobilize both gadolinium ions and 64-copper (II) ions as it was shown by the characterization after radiolabeling. As a result, the biodistribution of these nanoparticles can be monitored by T1-weighted MRI and by PET on a same animal with the same imaging device integrating PET and MRI modalities after a single intravenous injection.This study confirmed also a free circulation and a renal excretion without any indesirable accumulation within the healthy organs.This work has shown that ultrasmall gold nanoparticles coated by two different types of chelator or molecules containing two specific complexation sites have a high potential for bimodal imaging MRI/PET
Parent, Manuel. "Nanosondes pour l'imagerie multiphotonique : design, synthèse et caractérisation." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S056.
Full textMultiphotonic excitation methods have attracted increased attention in relation to their convenient advantages regarding selectivity, 3‑D localisation and penetration depth. Non‑linear microscopies are one of the most promising techniques which allow a softer and higher‑performance biological imaging, only if high-performance adequate markers and probes are developed. In the first part of this work we present different existing probes and general concepts about two‑photon absorption induced fluorescence and second harmonic generation. Secondly, we present our work about the strategy used to create new molecular tools in order to probe, in real time, three important biological local parameters: pH, membrane potential, and microenvironment. The molecular engineering which has been developed allowed synthesis and study of several families of probes that show, besides a large non linear response, a great dependence of their photophysical characteristics to the probed parameter
Mangeolle, Tristan. "Nanosondes multimodales pour guider la chirurgie des carcinomatoses péritonéales d'origine ovarienne." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0280/document.
Full textOvarian cancers have a low incidence but a high mortality rate, making them the fifth cause of death by cancer for female population. This high mortality rate is associated with the absence of symptom at the early stage of ovarian cancer, often delaying the diagnosis to advanced stages, mainly peritoneal carcinomatosis. At this stage, metastases have already invaded the abdominal cavity. The reference treatment combines a complete cytoreduction surgery and intravenous chemotherapy. During the cytoreduction, the surgeon must inspect the whole peritoneal surface, and remove all of all sizes, even sub-millimetric. Because of the difficulty to detect and to remove every cancerous tissue, cytoreduction is frequently incomplete, thus reducing the recovery rate. To guide the surgeon and to increase the percentage of complete cytoreduction, fluorescent probes have been developed to target tumors specifically. Despite encouraging results, these probes suffer from many limitations such as low brightness, weak stability and cumbersome modularity. In this context, nanoparticles, that are able to outpass these limitations, have generated a growing interest. Among these nanoparticles, semiconductor nanocristals, called quantum dots, display an exceptional brightness. We investigated these quantum dots, associated with folate, a reference targeting agent for ovarian cancers. Firstly investigated on in vitro cellular and tumor model, folate targeted nanoparticles show encouraging imaging capabilities. These capabilites were also experimented on peritoneal carcinomatosis murine model. Finally, the main obstacle to quantum dot clinical application remains their bioaccumulation, therefore, different alternatives were explored to achieve excretion
Montferrand, Caroline de. "Elaboration, caractérisation de nouvelles nanosondes superparamagnétiques pour les immunoessais magnétiques mutliparamétriques." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_de_montferrand.pdf.
Full textThis work is the elaboration and the optimization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles as biolabels for an innovative technology, the MIAplex®, developed by Magnisense for the high-sensitive detection of biological molecules implied in magnetic immunoassays. By directly measuring the second derivative of magnetization, the MIAplex® can assess the weak-field magnetic behaviour. The original as-obtained signature opens the prospect of multiparametric testing. As primary users of MIAplex®, we start this work by the establishment of conditions and measurement parameters for optimal and reproducible measurement. To link the MIAplex® signature to the conventional measurement of the magnetization, a comparative study was conducted. We show thereby that the MIAplex® signature corresponds to the second derivative of the SQUID magnetization measured at weak field [-15 kA. M-1; 15 kA. M-1] with a very low increment step (0. 4 kA. M-1). The experimental curves of diluted ferrofluids are modeled with the Langevin function weighted by the size distribution of the nanocristals. Two behaviours are observed: in the case of nanoparticles of small size or low polydispersity, a single size distribution close to the cristal size is sufficient to model the weak-field magnetization curve. For nanoparticles of larger polydispersity and with a median size greater than10 nm simulations involve additional size distributions. A core-shell model allows us to assign the largest size population to the magnetization of the superparamagnetic core and the second population to the lower magnetization of the shell. Through the study of the influence of chemical composition, surface condition and crystal shape, different nanomarkers are selected as candidates for multiparametric immunoassays. The final part presents the first multiparametric tests performed with the MIAplex® technology. We so introduce a promising technology for multiparametric magnetic immunoassays based on a novel measurement of the weak-field magnetic behaviour and we connect this signature to the physico-chemical properties of superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Rouxel, Cédric. "Des nanosondes bio- et éco-compatibles pour l'imagerie multifonctionnelle du vivant." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S012.
Full textQuantums dots are very popular luminescent nanoparticles, made from semi-conductors (such as CdSe), which can be used both in classical fluorescence imaging and in multiphotonics, but which contain toxic heavy metals such as cadmium. Our approach, which aims at substituting these toxic components with organic biocompatible elements, relies on the confinement of a large number of organic fluorophores within spherical nano-objects of controlled size and structure, by grafting them on the surface of a non-toxic dendrimeric architecture. This strategy is highly modular and a large variety of organic nanodots of various sizes, colors and kinds (neutral, charged…) can be prepared for specific applications. As compared to “hard” nanoparticles such as quantum dots, nanodots are “soft” objects with discrete, fully controlled and reproducible structures. Their emission color does not depend on their size, but only on the nature of their constituting chromophores. Several series of nanodots have been synthesized, and exceptionally bright “soft” nanoparticles of few nanometers in diameter have been obtained, with quantum yields larger than 50%, molar extinction coefficients up to 7 106 M-1 cm-1 and two-photon absorption cross-sections up to 6 104 GM, often outperforming the best quantum dots. The modularity of the concept was exemplified by tuning the fluorescence color, by varying the core geometry, and by synthesizing water-soluble nanodots, the efficiency of which was demonstrated in multiphoton imaging on living animal
Gagnon, Joanie. "Développement de nanosondes plasmoniques d'indium pour l'exaltation de la fluorescence dans l'UV." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25194.
Full textUntil recently, most of the work done on metal-enhanced fluorescence of molecular fluorophores employed silver and gold nanoparticles as the substrate. However, these metals are not perfectly suit for fluorescence enhancement in the UV region of the spectrum as their maximum plasmonic bands are centered at approximately 400 nm and 530 nm for silver and gold, respectively. The interest in the UV region is mostly due to biomedical studies as most of the biomolecules absorb and emit in this region. In this project, the focus is on DNA, which is fluorescent via the nucleobases, en even more so on proteins which owe their intrinsic fluorescence to the three aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine. The main goal of this project is to develop a nanostructure able to support metal-enhanced fluorescence in the UV. Indium seems to be the perfect metal to work with as it is part of the boron group (Al, Ga, In, Tl) which is characterized by low absorption losses, but also by its strong plasmonic band centered at approximately 300 nm making it suitable for metal-enhanced fluorescence studies in the UV. In this project, indium nanoparticles with a size ranging from 60 to 80 nm were developed with a plasmon approximately centered at 310 nm. Then, a protective dielectric layer of silica was synthesized on the indium core. The thickness of the silica layer is easily tunable; it is used to find the optimal distance to observe a maximal fluorescence enhancement. Silica shells between 5 and 50 nm were used. Different strategies were considered for the grafting of the fluorophores on the surface of indium-silica nanoparticles. Incorporation of the fluorophore into a silica layer was chosen as it allows for covalent bonding between the fluorophore and the silica layer. Two different fluorophores were used. The first one is Carbostyril 124, acting as a model fluorophore, and the second one is tryptophan as it is the most fluorescent amino acid. Enhancement factors of up to 3 and 7 were obtained for Carbostyril 124 and tryptophan, respectively. Others preliminary tests have been made on tyrosine and phenylalanine, the two other fluorescent amino acids, and on DNA.
Hajjaji, Hamza. "Nanosondes fluorescentes pour l'exploration des pressions et des températures dans les films lubrifiants." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0076/document.
Full textThe goal of this study is the use of Si and SiC nanoparticles (NPs) as fluorescent temperature nanoprobes particularly in lubricating films. The development of these nanoprobes requires the determination of their thermal sensitivity in order to select the best prospects NPs. To achieve this goal, we presented two preparation methods used for the synthesis of 3C-SiC based nanostructures : (i) anodic etching method and (ii) chemical etching method. In the first case, the FTIR, Raman and TEM analysis of final NPs showed that the chemical nature of these NPs is formed predominantly of graphitic carbon. The detailed photoluminescence study of these NPs showed that the emission process depends on the surface chemistry of the NPs, the dispersion medium and its viscosity, the suspension concentration and temperature of the environment.. In the second case, coherent TEM, DLS and PL analyzes showed an average size of 1.8 nm in diameter with a dispersion of ±0.5 nm. The external quantum efficiency of these NPs is 4%. NPs dispersed in ethanol, did not show an exploitable fluorescence dependence on temperature for our application. On the other hand, 3C-SiC NPs produced by this way, given the narrow size distribution and the reasonably high quantum yield for an indirect bandgap material, are promising for applications such as luminophores in particular in the biology field thanks to nontoxicity of SiC. In the case of Si we studied also two different types of NPs. (i) NPs obtained by anodic etching and functionalized by alkyl groups (decene, octadecene). We have demonstrated for the first time an important red-shift in the emission energy dEg/dT with temperature from 300 to 400K. The PL lifetime measurement(T) lead to a thermal sensitivity of 0.75% /°C very interesting compared to II-VI NPs. Furthermore it has been shown that t is not depending on the concentration. (ii) NPs obtained by wet-chemical process and functionalized with n-butyl. For this type of NPs we have identified for the first time a blue-shift behavior of dEg dT in the order of -0.75 meV/K in squalane. The thermal sensitivity for the PL lifetime of these NPs is 0.2%/°C, which is lower than that of NPs obtained by anodic etching method, but much greater than that of CdSe NPs with 4 nm of diameter (0.08%/°C). Quantification of the temperature sensitivity by the position of emission peak dEg/dT and the PL lifetime dτ/dT allows us to consider the realization of temperature nanoprobes based on Si NPs with recommendations to use Si NPs obtained by anodic etching method and PL lifetime as an indicator of temperature changes
Mayer, Ludovic. "Etude de nanocristaux de KTiOPO4 émettant un signal de seconde harmonique pour l'élaboration de nanosondes." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPXX0126.
Full textBernard, Charlotte. "Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leur fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250046.
Full textBernard, Charlotte. "Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leurs fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13455.
Full textChappaz, Baptiste. "Imagerie moléculaire corrélative de nanosondes fonctionnalisées pour l’étude de l’hétérogénéité physico-chimique spatiale de microorganismes associés aux surfaces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS125/document.
Full textAll solid-liquid interfaces are potentially conducive to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Understanding the mechanisms of this life organization on surfaces (bioadhesion) is an exciting scientific challenge; it is also imperative to provide relevant answers to questions of society and industry on how to minimize the deleterious effects of biofilms but also exploit their potential for different applications. Studying bioadhesion requires to dissect all the physico-chemical and biological parameters, at the molecular level, that control cell adhesion to surfaces, their proliferation, the interactions between them to form a 3D structure. It is the purpose of this thesis: physical (fluorescence imaging, electronic imaging) and chemical tools (polystyrene fluorescent nanoparticles functionalized with quaternary ammonium or carboxylate groups, conferring a cationic or anionic character respectively) were combined to visualize and quantify the adhesion of two bacterial strains of interest in the food industry, Lactococcus lactis and Listeria innocua, a non-pathogenic model of Listeria monocytogenes. The results highlight a positive charge microheterogeneity on the bacteria surface that plays a significant role both in cell adhesion to the substrate as in the biofilm formation.les in order to modulate them. Besides the impact on adhesion to glass, the effect on the resulting biofilm growth were also controlled, showing the importance of surface properties of bacteria in the process of bio-contamination of substrates
Basti, henda. "Mise au point de nanosondes magnétiques chauffantes pour l'hyperthermie : synthèse, fonctionnalisation et évaluation de la puissance de pertes spécifiques." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077258.
Full textMagnetic nanoparticles are increasingly winning Nanobiotechnology area as being nowadays used in several biomedical applications such as MRI imaging, drug vectorization and hyperthermia. Among theses materials, ferrite nanoparticles are known to be very promising, particularly, for heating magnetic fluids. Yet, some technical difficulties have to be overcome, for example: the necessity of assuring the biocompatibility of the heating agents with the physiological environment and addressing them specifically to the targeted cells. However, the most important problem is to control their temperature of heating into the tissues. Actually, the use of magnetic nanoparticles with a Curie temperature (Te) close to the therapeutic temperature range would solve this problem in as much as particles warm up only when there is some magnetic order within them. With this aim on mind, we synthesized via the so-called polyol process quasi-isotropic in shape, highly crystalline monodisperse spinel ferrite nanoparticles with the following chemical composition Znl-xMxFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn and Ni; x=0,l or x=0,2). After their preparation, nanoparticles were characterized, suitably functionalized and eventually transferred in an aqueous medium to form stable colloids for evaluation of their Specific Adsorption Rate (SAR)
Truillet, Charles. "Nanosondes AGuIX® pour le théragnostic : étude des marquages par des radionucléides et émetteurs pour de la thérapie photodynamique (PDT)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10294.
Full textNanoparticles research has become one of the most promising way for biological applications. They present alternative solutions to the traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods thanks to (i) their appropriate size and surface which can enhance circulation time in the blood, (ii) their large compartments able to contain considerable amounts of imaging or drugs agents, (iii) their multimodality which makes them potential multifunctional nanoplatforms for both diagnosis and therapy (theranostic), (iv) their capacity to target disease by their appropriate size and surface of by specific targeting moieties grafted on their surface. We propose a new sub-5 nanometer nanoparticles multimodal nanoparticle (called AGuIX®), composed of a polysiloxane network surrounded by gadolinium chelates and free chelates. They have previously demonstrated their efficiency for multimodal imaging and theranostic applications, especially MRI, scintigraphy and fluorescence imaging and radiotherapy. The aim of the thesis was to characterize the synthesis and the nanoparticles in order then to explore the multi-possibilities of therapy and imaging of these nanoparticles AGuIX®. Original characterizations technics were developed. The intrinsic measured properties of AGuIX® solutions fulfill the conditions for potential clinical applications, a wide series of biological tests have been performed. Then first, the coupling of the AGuIX® with another therapy method was explored: PDT effect with photosensitizers grafting on the surface of the nanoparticles. A good understanding of the mechanism was studied. The multimodality of imaging was tested by the labeling with radioactive elements on the surface of the nanoparticles. It was necessary to use a specific ligand in order to obtain high labeling yield. The coupling MRI/scintigraphy is one of the major field in order to have an imaging agent with high resolution and high sensitivity. This study was the opportunities to try to couple another therapy technic: brachytherapy
Gaceur, Meriem. "Nanosondes bimodales pour l'imagerie médicale par résonance magnétique et par fluorescence optique : synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation de leur toxicité in vitro." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077020.
Full textSemi-conductive nanomaterials have become of great interest lately in biotechnology area especially in medical imaging. Typically, magnetically diluted luminescent nanoparticles offer a real profit as potentially being bimodal probes in magnetic resonance imaging (RMI) and optical fluorescence imaging (OFI). The present work, firstly deals with the optimization through a polyol process of the synthesis of paramagnetic and fluorescent Zn!. XMnxS (x < 0,4) nanoparticles, secondly their functionalization with mercapto-acetic acid and eventually the preparation of their aqueous based colloids. The magnetic characterization and MRI measurements performed on post functionalized nanoparticles respectively before and after their dispersion as stable colloids both confirm the paramagnetic behavior of Zni_xMnxS (x < 0,4) nanomaterials. Indeed, regarding MRI, longitudinal relaxivity r₁ at room temperature and at 3. 0 T is of 20 and 74 mM⁻¹. S⁻¹ for a Mn²+ amount of respectively 10 and 30 %. Moreover, these colloids emit in the visible light range (blue) when excited at 405 nm. The use of these probes in any possible medical application is not conceivable unless their cyto- and genotoxicities are evaluated. Therefore, a serious study was carried out on chinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO) and evidenced the absence of any cyto- or genotoxic effects on these latter in the range of the nanoparticle studied concentrations (1-100 Hg/mL). These results make us seriously consider the ZnMnS hybrids as potential bimodal probes for dual MRI and OFI imaging
Kaja, Khaled. "Développement de techniques nano-sondes pour la meusre du travail de sortie et application aux matériaux en microélectronique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00515370.
Full textZamarion, Vitor de Moraes. "Estudos e aplicações de ressonância plasmônica superficial em nanosondas SERS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46134/tde-28032008-092022/.
Full textSurface modification of gold nanoparticles with a molecule exhibiting several coordination points, allowed to elaborate an interesting concept for quantitative sensing conjugated with the SERS effect. In such systems it is important to know how the molecule binds to the surface, since, based on those informations one can elaborate sensors displaying high sensibility.. However, in dealing with the interaction of nanoparticles with light, the electrodynamic-quantum theories related to the interactions of the surface plasmons are not yet completely developed. In this way, in this t dissertation we made use of the current theories to understand the origin of the plasmons and of how they interact with the the nanoparticles. We have synthesized gold nanoparticles stabilized with 2,4,6-trimercapto-1,3,5-triazine and studied the ligand chemistry at the particles surface.. The influence of acid-base equilibria was studied based on the changes of the SERS spectra SERS with the pH, and interpreted in terms of the several equilibria of the species in solution. Finally, a new sensing concept, based on the observed changes in the SERS spectra in the presence of metal ions, was successfully demonstrated.
Devès, Guillaume. "Analyse chimique quantitative à haute résolution spatiale par microsonde et nanosonde nucléaires." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14084/document.
Full textThe study of the role of trace elements at cellular level requires the use of state-of-the-art analytical tools that could achieve enough sensitivity and spatial resolution. We developed a new methodology for the accurate quantification of chemical element distribution in single cells based on a combination of ion beam analysis techniques STIM, PIXE and RBS. The quantification procedure relies on the development of a STIM data analysis software (Paparamborde). Validity of this methodology and limits are discussed here. The method allows the quantification of trace elements (µg/g) with a 19.8 % uncertainty in cellular compartments with mass below 0.1 ng.The main limit of the method lies in the poor number of samples that can be analyzed, due to long irradiation times required and limited access to ion beam analysis facilities. This is the reason why we developed a database for cellular chemical composition capitalization (BDC4). BDC4 has been designed in order to use cellular chemical composition as a tracer for biological activities and is expected to provide in the future reference chemical compositions for any cellular type or compartment.Application of the STIM-PIXE-RBS methodology to the study of nuclear toxicology of cobalt compounds is presented here showing that STIM analysis is absolutely needed when organic mass loss appears during PIXE-RBS irradiation
Grausem, Jérôme. "Analyse du champ proche optique inélastique : réalisation et applications d'une nanosonde pour la spectrométrie Raman." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10290.
Full textReinert, Tilo. "Focussed MeV-Ion Micro- and Nano-Beams in the Life Sciences." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-197802.
Full textDie vorliegende Arbeit etabliert für Anwendungen in den Lebenswissenschaften den Einsatz hochfokussierter MeV-Ionenstrahlen für nuklear-mikroskopische Methoden der quantitativen Spurenelementanalyse, der 2D- und 3D-Dichtemikroskopie sowie für die gezielte Bestrahlung einzelner lebender Zellen für radiobiologische Experimente. Zur Anwendung kamen die Methoden ortsaufgelöste Protonen induzierte Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (particle induced X-ray emission - PIXE), Spektrometrie rückgestreuter Ionen (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry - RBS) und Rastertransmissionsionenmikroskopie (scanning transmission ion microscopy - STIM). Durch eine gezielte Weiterentwicklung des bestehenden Ionenstrahlmikroskops, der Hochenergie Ionennanosonde LIPSION, konnte die Ortsauflösung für Spurenelementanalyse auf unter 300 nm verbessert werden, beziehungsweise die Sensitivität für Metallionen in biologischen Proben auf unter 200 ng/g (3 µmol/l) bei einer Ortsauflösung von 1 µm verbessert werden. Die Habilitationsschrift umfasst eine kurze allgemeine Einleitung einschließlich der Motivation für den Einsatz fokussierter MeV-Ionenstrahlen sowie einen Überblick über die Anwendungsgebiete und aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte. Danach werden kurz die Grundlagen der Technik und Methoden vorgestellt, gefolgt von einer Abschätzung der Auflösungsgrenzen für Elementanalysen und Einzelionentechniken. Danach werden ausgewählte Anwendungen aus verschiedenen Forschungsgebieten vorgestellt. Das erstes Beispiel ist aus der Umweltforschung. Es wird dargestellt, wie mittels ortsaufgelöster Elementspektroskopie eine Abschätzung der Feinstaubbelastung nach Beiträgen einzelner Verursacherquellen erfolgen kann. Dann folgt als Beispiel eine ortsaufgelöste Analyse der Verteilung von Nanopartikeln aus Sonnencremes in Hautquerschnitten zur Risikoabschätzung der Anwendungen von Nanotechnologie in kosmetischen Produkten. Desweiteren werden Studien der Spurenelementverteilung, speziell der von gebundenen Metallionen, in Hirnschnitten auf zellulärer und subzellulärer Ebene erläutert. Das anschließende Beispiel erläutert die Anwendung niedriger Energiedosen in der Radiobiologie anhand des Beschusses einzelner lebender Zellen mit abgezählten einzelnen Ionen. Als letztes Beispiel wird die Anwendung hochfokussierter Ionenstrahlen für die Mikrotomographie gezeigt. Abschließend folgt eine zusammenfassende Bewertung der vorgestellten Anwendungen mit einem Ausblick auf weitere Anwendungen und methodische Entwicklungen. Der Arbeit sind die relevanten Veröffentlichungen mit Beteiligung des Autors als Anhang beigefügt
Le, Nader Victor. "Approche expérimentale et théorique de la diffusion Raman exaltée : résonance des plasmons de surface et effet de pointe." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559365.
Full textAl-Kattan, Ahmed. "Développement de nano-systèmes hybrides à base d'apatites biomimétiques en vue d'applications biomédicales en cancérologie." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0042/document.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of hybrid nanoparticles based on biomimetic calcium phosphate apatites close to bone mineral, in view of applications in the field of cancer diagnosis, or therapeutics. In this study, a colloidal formulation has been developed in aqueous medium, from easily-handled salts and in the presence of a phospholipid moiety (2-aminoethylphosphate, AEP) acting as dispersing agent and allowing the control of the mean nanoparticle size (in the range 30-100 nm). The effect of major experimental parameters (pH, concentrations, temperature) has been determined. Complementary analytical data (chemical analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, dynamic light scattering, TEM, zeta potential measurements) enabled us to propose a descriptive model for the colloidal nanoparticles, involving the presence of complexes between Ca2+ and AEP- on the surface of apatite nanocrystals. The possibility to confer luminescence properties was demonstrated by way of ionic substitutions of some Ca2+ ions by europium Eu3+ ions, allowed us to envision the study of biological material. The additional adsorption of folic acid was also addressed, with the final aim to target cancer cell. Other aspects linked to a potential future use of these nano-systems in the biomedical field were also examined, such as the purification of these suspensions by dialysis, the possibility to resuspend the nanoparticles after freeze-drying, the evaluation of their cytotoxicity, the study of the pro-inflammatory potential by following interactions with human macrophages, and a preliminary study of their internalization by cancer cells. This work enabled us to develop a « proof of concept » allowing one to envision the future use of such colloidal nano-systems in the biomedical field, and in particular in oncology
Coustets, Mathilde. "La lectine de Xerocomellus Chrysenteron, un nano-objet théranostique pour l’imagerie et le traitement des cancers épithéliaux : preuve de concept appliquée aux carcinoses péritonéales d’origine ovarienne." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30102.
Full textThe development of targeted therapy and imaging tools is a major challenge in human health, particularly in cancer pathologies. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is usually caused by scattering of cancer cells within the abdominal cavity, which is the case for 85% of ovarian cancer patients and more than 10% of colorectal cancer patients. In both cases treatments include a cytoreductive surgery, as complete as possible, and chemotherapies. Patients overall survival improvement can be reach with the development of parallel technologies such as new diagnostic tools to detect early implantations in the peritoneal cavity, agents to block the spreading of cancer cells detached during the surgical procedure, or combining chemotherapies and intraperitoneal targeted drug delivery.This project involves reaching all those aspects by using a unique multifunctional nanocontainer protein. The aim is to maximize this protein, which belongs to the lectin family, to consider its development as a theranostic tool as part of epithelial cancers diagnostic and treatment. Xerocomellus chrysenteron lectin, originally extracted from an edible higher mushroom, has a strong affinity for a carcinoma glycan biomarker, the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF antigen). Furthermore, a large hydrated inner cavity located in the middle of the tetrameric assembly of the protein led us to consider the containment and specific addressing of therapeutic molecules to epithelial cancerous cells expressing TF antigen. We first established the proof of concept for the targeted drug delivery of therapeutic molecules in several human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, IGROV-1). The labelling of the lectin in near infrared allowed us to confirm the mechanism implicated in the delivery and prove that the uptake of the molecule within the cells was due to its containment in the nanocontainer. The labelled protein was also used also to validate it as a nanoprobe for the detection of submillimeter nodules in the peritoneal cavity. This detection was made by in vivo fluorescence imaging in preclinical models of ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis developed beforehand using established cell lines. The combination of these two properties of the protein (probe and container) permits to consider its use in intraperitoneal nanotheranostic. To confirm this promising development, it will be necessary to establish the proof of concept for theranostic aspects in mice models closer to clinic situations developed from patients’ tumors (patient derived xenografts, PDX)
Gaspar, Nuno André da Silva. "Desenvolvimento de uma Nanosonda Biodegradável." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/28108.
Full textActualmente, há uma grande procura por nanopartículas magnéticas de alta qualidade para uso como nanosonda magnética em técnicas de imagiologia médica e no tratamaneto de cancro por hipertermia. Por outro lado, óleos oriundos da floresta Amazónica têm despertado cada vez maior interesse em possíveis tratamentos médicos devido às suas qualidade fitoterapêuticas. O objectivo principal deste trabalho será desenvolver uma nanosonda magnética biodegradável que alie a versatilidade associada ao superparamagnetismo das nanopartículas de óxidos de ferro com os benefícios associados aos óleos de Copaiba e de Andiroba. De modo a melhorar as capacidades desta nanosonda biomagnética, o método de síntese que origina estas nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxidos de ferro (SPIONs) foi estudado e certos caminhos foram testados de forma a melhorar o produto da reacção. Também, a citotoxicidade das SPIONs foi estudada, assim como a viablilidade e os efeitos da incorporação das SPIONs nos óleos essenciais da Amazónia. O tamanho de partícula obtido para as SPIONs é cerca de 6 nm. Análises recorrendo a espectroscopia de Mössbauer e XRD revelam que a maghemite é o principal óxido de ferro presente nas nossas amostras. Contudo, pequenas quantidades de magnetite podem ser encontradas em certas amostras. Os resultados obtidos por VSM deram uma saturação de magnetização de 42 emu/g, a 300 K, e de 57 emu/g, a 7 K. Após incorporação do óleo de Copaíba e do óleo de Andiroba estes valores baixaram significativamente, indicando a presença de um efeito de bloqueio devido aos óleos Amazónicos. Todos os resultados obtidos da caracterização feita às várias amostras parecem promissores na obtenção de uma nanosonda magnética biodegradável que incorpore óleos essenciais da Amazónia com as SPIONs. No entanto, alguns resultados inesperados que foram obtidos ao longo do decurso deste trabalho irão requerer um trabalho futuro mais aprofundado
Melezínková, Pavla. "Měření nanoviskozity polymerních roztoků pomocí nanosond metodou DLS." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297982.
Full textReinert, Tilo. "Focussed MeV-Ion Micro- and Nano-Beams in the Life Sciences: Selected Applications." Doctoral thesis, 2008. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14510.
Full textDie vorliegende Arbeit etabliert für Anwendungen in den Lebenswissenschaften den Einsatz hochfokussierter MeV-Ionenstrahlen für nuklear-mikroskopische Methoden der quantitativen Spurenelementanalyse, der 2D- und 3D-Dichtemikroskopie sowie für die gezielte Bestrahlung einzelner lebender Zellen für radiobiologische Experimente. Zur Anwendung kamen die Methoden ortsaufgelöste Protonen induzierte Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (particle induced X-ray emission - PIXE), Spektrometrie rückgestreuter Ionen (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry - RBS) und Rastertransmissionsionenmikroskopie (scanning transmission ion microscopy - STIM). Durch eine gezielte Weiterentwicklung des bestehenden Ionenstrahlmikroskops, der Hochenergie Ionennanosonde LIPSION, konnte die Ortsauflösung für Spurenelementanalyse auf unter 300 nm verbessert werden, beziehungsweise die Sensitivität für Metallionen in biologischen Proben auf unter 200 ng/g (3 µmol/l) bei einer Ortsauflösung von 1 µm verbessert werden. Die Habilitationsschrift umfasst eine kurze allgemeine Einleitung einschließlich der Motivation für den Einsatz fokussierter MeV-Ionenstrahlen sowie einen Überblick über die Anwendungsgebiete und aktuellen Forschungsschwerpunkte. Danach werden kurz die Grundlagen der Technik und Methoden vorgestellt, gefolgt von einer Abschätzung der Auflösungsgrenzen für Elementanalysen und Einzelionentechniken. Danach werden ausgewählte Anwendungen aus verschiedenen Forschungsgebieten vorgestellt. Das erstes Beispiel ist aus der Umweltforschung. Es wird dargestellt, wie mittels ortsaufgelöster Elementspektroskopie eine Abschätzung der Feinstaubbelastung nach Beiträgen einzelner Verursacherquellen erfolgen kann. Dann folgt als Beispiel eine ortsaufgelöste Analyse der Verteilung von Nanopartikeln aus Sonnencremes in Hautquerschnitten zur Risikoabschätzung der Anwendungen von Nanotechnologie in kosmetischen Produkten. Desweiteren werden Studien der Spurenelementverteilung, speziell der von gebundenen Metallionen, in Hirnschnitten auf zellulärer und subzellulärer Ebene erläutert. Das anschließende Beispiel erläutert die Anwendung niedriger Energiedosen in der Radiobiologie anhand des Beschusses einzelner lebender Zellen mit abgezählten einzelnen Ionen. Als letztes Beispiel wird die Anwendung hochfokussierter Ionenstrahlen für die Mikrotomographie gezeigt. Abschließend folgt eine zusammenfassende Bewertung der vorgestellten Anwendungen mit einem Ausblick auf weitere Anwendungen und methodische Entwicklungen. Der Arbeit sind die relevanten Veröffentlichungen mit Beteiligung des Autors als Anhang beigefügt.
Ptáčková, Renata. "Aplikační potenciál modifikačních metod (chemická činidla, foto-nanosondy) a hmotnostní spektrometrie pro studium struktury proteinů a jejich vzájemných interakcí." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336161.
Full textHavlík, Jan. "Design a syntéza povrchových architektur na fluorescenčních nanodiamantech." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-373934.
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