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Patil, Deepak, Seema Pattewar, Sarvesh Palival, Gargi Patil, and Swapnil Sharma. "Nanostructured lipid carriers: A platform to lipophilic drug for oral bioavailability enhancement." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2750.
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Lipid based drug delivery system such as Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are among the most promising drug delivery system used in many industries such as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries. Over the last few years, new constituents of lipids have developed and investigated for enhancement of bioavailability. The present manuscript is an attempt on solving the concerned uncertainty with efficacious peroral administration of hydrophobic drugs through fabricating new lipid formulations, NLC. NLC, the second-generation lipid carrier is usually composed of solid lipids and liquid lipids together in a system. This mixing causes depression in melting point of substrates and converts the mixture into solid form at body temperature and termed as NLC. NLC shows a high drug loading with minimum drug expulsion. The unique advantages of NLC over SLN and Lipid-drug conjugates (LDC) are increased capacity of drug loading, avoidance of drug expulsion. This manuscript gives detailed information on definitions and simple way of production methods, new approaches in formulation of NLC and it also highlights how NLC improves bioavailability of bioactive molecules through peroral route and its future perspective as a pharmaceutical carrier. It also gives idea about the supremacy of NLC over other lipid-based system. Keywords: Bioavailability; Lipids; Lipophilic drugs; Nanostructured lipid carriers; Solid lipid nanoparticle.
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RAJ, BRITO. "Investigating the influence of lipids on Nano-structured lipid carrier formulation." Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 12, no. 6 (2023): 6147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v12i6.5220.
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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different lipids on the properties of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations. The particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and drug release at 24 hours were analyzed for formulations containing various lipid matrices. Among the formulations tested, N3 (Compritol 888 ATO and Softigen) exhibited the most favourable characteristics, including the smallest particle size, highest entrapment efficiency, sustained drug release, and good stability, as indicated by a high zeta potential. Other lipids, such as Witepsol H 32 and Beeswax, also showed desirable properties. The formulations containing Dynasan 114 and Acconon-C-44 EP/NF resulted in larger particle sizes, lower entrapment efficiencies, and slower drug release. Cholesterol exhibited distinct properties, with a lower zeta potential and moderate drug release. The findings highlight the importance of lipid selection in determining the performance and functionality of NLC formulations. Compritol 888 ATO and Softigen were identified as suitable lipids for further optimization of NLC formulations. These lipids contribute to the formation of stable and uniform NLC particles, which are desirable for efficient drug delivery systems. The study provides valuable insights for formulating NLCs with optimized characteristics, facilitating the development of effective drug delivery systems. Future research can focus on optimizing other factors to enhance the performance and therapeutic effectiveness of NLC formulations.
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Widiyana, Anita Puspa. "Computation Design: Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formula of Pinostrobin." Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 21, no. 1 (2024): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v21i1.8378.
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Nano lipid carriers (NLC) function by increasing the solubility and oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. This study was conducted to estimate the solubility of pinostrobin in various types of solid and liquid lipid carriers through computational design and to select the optimal NLC formula with the best candidate lipid carriers. Pinostrobin and all lipid carriers were determined for their interactions with the AutoDockTools program. The values of the free energy binding (ΔG), the inhibition constant (Ki), and the type of interaction visibility were recorded as a result of the molecular docking. The interaction type of visualization was determined by the BIOVIA Discovery Studio program. The results showed that apocarotenal was the best liquid lipid carrier with a ΔG value of -3.57 kcal/mol and a Ki value of 2.40 mM. Cetosteryl alcohol was the best carrier for solid lipids, with a ΔG value of -2.18 kcal/mol and a Ki value of 25.35 mM. Apocarotenal and cetostearyl alcohol as lipid carrier candidates for the NLC formula of pinostrobin.
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Rajshri.R.Dusane, Yogeeta.S.Agrawal Sonia.M.Goyal Kalyani.A.Chaudhari. "A REVIEW ARTICLE ON NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS (NLCS) FOR DRUG DELIVERY AND TARGETING SYSTEM." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 05 (2019): 9568–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2819849.
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<em>During the past decade, the number of studies describing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)-based formulations has been dramatically increased. The raise in NLC exploitation is essentially due to defeated barriers within the technological process of lipid-based nanoparticles’ formulation and increased knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of transport of NLC via different routes of administration. This review article aims to give an overview on the current state of the art of nanostructured lipid carriers as controlled drug delivery systems for future clinics through novel NLC applications providing examples of successful outcomes. The reported data clearly illustrate the promise of these nanoparticles for novel treatments in the near future. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC), have been studied for their capability as biodegradable, biocompatible, and physiological lipids are generally used to prepare these nanoparticles. Hence, toxicity problems related with the polymeric nanoparticles can be minimized. Furthermore, stability of the formulations might increase than other liquid nano-carriers due to the solid matrix of these lipid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can be produced by different formulation techniques. Scaling up of the production process from lab scale to industrial scale can be easily achieved. Reasonably high drug encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles was documented.</em> <strong>Keywords:</strong> <em>Nanostructured Lipid Carriers, NLC, SLN, lipid nanoparticles.</em>
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Khasanah, Usrifatul, and M. Fatchur Rochman. "STABILITAS NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER COENZYME Q10 DENGAN VARIASI WAKTU PENGADUKAN." Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik 18, no. 2 (2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v18i2.5958.
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ABSTRACTCoenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) or Ubiquinone is an antioxidant that is unstable to light and is highly lipophilic causing instability during storage, so a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) delivery system is needed that can improve stability. The manufacture of NLC uses the emulsification method by melting two types of lipids, namely solid lipid cetyl palmitate and liquid lipid alpha tocopherol with the help of stirring using a magnetic stirrer. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and stability of NLC Co-Q10 at various stirring times. The results of testing the characteristics NLC Co-Q10, that stirring for 6 and 9 minutes, obtained pH values of 6,64 and 6,62 with particle sizes of 215.03 nm and 188.25 nm, the entrapment efficiency values were 75.57% and 77.96%, respectively. Increasing the speed and duration of stirring in the manufacture of the NLC Co-Q10 system will obtain high trapping efficiency values and be more stable in storage at room temperature for 28 days.Keywords: coenzyme Q10, emulsification, nanostructured lipid carriers, stability.
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Jaswinder, Singh *. "LIPID NANOPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS." Journal of Pharma Research 8, no. 8 (2019): 557–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3374087.
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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>C</em></strong><em>olloidal particles of size range between 10 and 1000 nm are known as nanoparticles. Over the last few years, lipid based drug delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) and lipid drug conjugate (LDC) have become the most promising drug delivery systems. Each preparation of the lipid based nanoparticles has advantages and disadvantages with respect to specific characteristics. The SLN is an excellent drug delivery system and has extensive prospects in the pharmaceutical field. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), the second-generation lipid carrier is usually composed of solid lipids and liquid lipids together in a system. This mixing of solid lipids and liquid lipids causes depression in melting point of substrates and converts the mixture into solid form at body temperature. NLC exhibit a high drug loading with minimum expulsion of drug from matrix. Lipid–drug conjugates (LDC) are drug molecules that have been covalently modified with lipids. The conjugation of lipids to drug molecules increases lipophilicity and also changes other properties of drugs. The aim of present review is the most recent development of the lipid based nanocarriers according to the latest relevant literatures<strong>.</strong></em> <strong><em>KEYWORDS: </em></strong><em>Lipids, Nanocarriers, Lipophilic drugs, Nanostructured lipid carriers, Solid lipid nanoparticle.</em>
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Latifah, Luluk, Esti Hendradi, and Dewi Isadiartuti. "Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) as a Topical Drug Delivery System : A Review." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Community 21, no. 2 (2024): 178–89. https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.006789.
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Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) appears as the next generation of lipid nanoparticles which overcomes the weaknesses of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN). NLC is a delivery system that offers several advantages, such as significantly improved entrapment efficiency, reduced drug expulsion during long-term storage, and increased contact between the drug and the stratum corneum, thereby enhancing drug penetration. The methods used to manufacture NLC have high energy-required such as high-pressure homogenization and high shear homogenization, low energy-required such as microemulsification and phase inversion, and very low or no energy-required such as solvent evaporation and solvent injection. The basic components of an NLC are solid lipids, liquid lipids, and surfactants or mixtures of surfactants. This narrative review refers to several previously published databases on the types, preparation methods, and physical properties of NLC. This review focuses on descriptions related to the NLC as a topical drug delivery system.
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Wang, Jian Min, Yan Li, Hong Xia Wang, et al. "Antioxidative Activity Evaluation of CoQ10-Nanostructured Lipid Carrier." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.989.
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The CoQ10-NLC aqueous dispersion has been produced and its antioxidative properties have been explored. Several employed methods such as scavenging effect on DPPH radical and inhibition of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion generation exhibited CoQ10-NLC aqueous dispersion potent antioxidative property. Antioxidative activity analysis demonstrated that CoQ10- NLC aqueous dispersion formulation expressed antioxidative property.
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Rochman, M. Fatchur, Aditya Darmawan, and Pramudya Wardhana. "Nanostructured Lipid Carriers System Solid Lipid Poloxamer and Stearic Acid with Liquid Lipid Soybean Oil." Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v8i1.3161.
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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) are lipid-based carrier system that use a matrix combination in the form of solid and liquid which are stabilized with the addition of surfactant. This NLC was developed to facilitate the dispersion of hydrophobic bioactive compound in a hydrophilic system. This research aims to get the right formulation and can develop stable characterization, using solid lipids Poloxamer and Stearic Acid with liquid lipids Soybeans Oil using surfactant Tween 80 and co-surfactant Propyleneglycol.. The to make the formulation of NLC with a ratio of poloxamer and stearic acid as solid lipid: soybeans oil asliquid lipid is 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 ,surfactant tween 80 and co surfactant propyleneglycol. Test the NLC characterization including PH value, viscosity, particle size, and polydispersity index. Data analysis used to evaluate the characteristics of the obtained NLC using descriptive. The result of the research showed that NLC had good characteistics at a solid lipid poloxamer and stearic acid with Soybean oil liquid lipid ,pH in the range 4-6; good viscosity; good particles have a range of 1000nm; and polydispersity index which shows the results of monodispersion. Nanostructured Llipid Carriers with solid lipid poloxamer and stearic acid and liquid lipid soybean oil obtained good characteristics.
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Chime, Salome. "Application of Cyperus esculentus oil in the development of sustained release diclofenac sodium-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier." Journal of Current Biomedical Research 2, no. 3, May-June (2022): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/jcbr.v2i3.23.
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The aim of the work was to develop sustained release diclofenac sodium nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) using tigernut oil (TNO), solid lipids and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and to evaluate the properties of the formulations. Structured lipids containing tiger nut oil, Softisan®154 and Phospholipon® 90H at varying ratios were prepared by fusion and used as the lipid carrier in formulating the NLC. PEGylated lipid carriers were also employed and the physicochemical properties of these formulations were studied using standard methods including particle size and polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and drug release. The results revealed some monodispersed nano-sized formulations that were stable over time. Particle size ranged from 75.22 ± 22.72 nm to 78.11 ± 32.73 nm. High encapsulation efficiency of about 92 % was obtained confirming the suitability of the TNO based carrier. In vitro drug release in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.2) revealed that PEGylated diclofenac sodium-loaded NLC exhibited significantly higher sustained release properties than the non-PEGylated formulations (p <0.05). The results of the drug release kinetics models revealed that the NLC followed a mixed order release kinetic. Hence, the findings in this work showed that TNO could be used as a lipid carrier matrix in combination with other solid lipids for the development of sustained release diclofenac sodium-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier.
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Sriarumtias, Framesti Frisma, Sasanti Tarini Darijanto, and Sophi Damayanti. "FORMULASI DAN UJI POTENSI ANTIOKSIDAN NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER (NLC) RETINIL PALMITAT." Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia 42, no. 1 (2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/api.v42i1.4563.
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ABSTRAK Retinil palmitat (RP) merupakan golongan retinioid, yaitu ester vitamin A (Retinol) yang memiliki gugus palmitat pada ujung rantainya. Retinil palmitat banyak digunakan sebagai antioksidan dan anti kerut dalam industri kosmetika. Hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam formulasi RP yaitu menjaga stabilitas dari panas, cahaya dan oksigen, sehingga perlu dicari sistem yang mampu melindungi RP dari degradasi. Salah satunya dibuat dalam sistem Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), sebagaimana diketahui bahwa NLC merupakan sistem penghantaran obat yang bisa meminimalisir degradasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan sistem penghantaran NLC untuk meningkatkan stabilitas serta potensi antioksidan dan meningkatkan difusi RP melalui kulit. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan untuk pembuatan NLC dengan metode teknik mikroemulsi yaitu 4% PEG-8 beeswax dan 4% Isopropil miristat sebagai lipid padat dan lipid cair, 13% Polisorbat 80 sebagai surfaktan, dan 10% Sukrosa stearat sebagai kosurfaktan. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan yaitu pengukuran ukuran partikel dan polidisperistas indeks, efisiensi penjerapan, uji difusi dengan Franz diffusion cell, karakterisasi morfologi dengan Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan DPPH. NLC-RP memiliki ukuran partikel 65,63±1,09 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,32±0,07, efisiensi penjerapan 94,55±0,76%, hasil uji difusi tertinggi yaitu pada NLC-RP 52,58±4,37%, diikuti krim NLC-RP 36,36±1,46%, krim RP 18,70±2,13% dan emulsi RP 18,22±1,50%. Uji stabilitas fisika dan kimia NLC-RP disimpan selama 60 hari pada suhu 25°C RH 65% dan 40°C RH 75% menunjukan bahwa tidak ada perubahan pada kondisi tersebut. Dari penelitian ini didapat kesimpulan bahwa NLC-RP mampu menjaga stabilitas retinil palmitat. Sedangkan NLC-RP yang dimasukan kedalam krim mengalami penurunan kadar sebanyak 58,15% pada suhu ruang dan 70,05% pada suhu 40°C serta penurunan potensi antioksidan akibat keberadaan basis krim.Kata kunci: antioksidan, DPPH, nanostructured lipid carrier, retinil palmitatRETINYL PALMITATE NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER (NLC) FORMULATION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL TEST ABSTRACT Retinyl palmitate (RP), member of retinoid family is an ester of retinol with palmitate functional group at the end of the chain. RP is commonly used as antioxidants and anti-wrinkle component in cosmetic industry. RP instability requires a formulation system which makes it stable against heat, light and oxygen, such as Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC). NLC is known as notable drug delivery system to minimize degradation. The aim of this research is to develop NLC delivery system to improve stability and antioxidant activity and increase RP diffusion through the skin. Materials used in NLC formulation were obtained using microemulsion technique are 4% PEG-8 beeswax and 4% isopropyl myristate as lipids in solid and liquid form, respectively; 13% polysorbate 80 as surfactant and 10% sucrose stearate as cosurfactant. Characterization NLC were evaluated using particle size measurement, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, in vitro diffusion testing using Franz diffusion cell, morphological characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and antioxidant activity using DPPH. Particle size of NLC-RP was 65,63±1,09 nm, polydispersity index of 0,32±0,07, entrapment efficiency of 94,55±0,76%. Penetration result showed liquid NLC-RP difusion the highest 52,58±4,37%, followed by NLC-RP in cream 36,36±1,46%, RP in cream 18,70±2,13% and RP in emulsion 18,22±1,50%. Physical and chemical stability testing NLC-RP were stored for 60 days at 25°C RH 65% and 40°C RH 75%, the results shown there are no changed in these condition. Research results showed NLC-RP is able to maintain stability of RP, meanwhile NLC RP in cream formulation shows 58.15% amount decrease in room temperature and 70.05% amount decrease at 400C, and antioxidant activity decrease due to cream formulation.Keywords: antioxidant, DPPH, nanostructured lipid carrier, retinyl palmitate
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N. Resa Nurul Pazrian, Hanifa Rahma, and Gita Cahya Eka Darma. "Sistem Penghantaran Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Mengandung Senyawa Antioksidan." Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 4, no. 2 (2024): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v4i2.13648.
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Abstract. Free radicals are unstable atoms or molecules with a high level of reactivity caused by the existence of one or more unpaired electrons in their outermost structure. Antioxidants are required to reduce free radical activity because antioxidant compounds can donate electrons to stabilise free radicals. However, because antioxidants are rapidly hydrolyzed and have low stability, the use of the relatively new "lipid-based delivery system" technology can protect and preserve antioxidant stability. Lipid carriers can boost antioxidant penetration in the skin, providing adequate activity, due to their capacity to precisely control the release of drugs or active substances on the target. Systematics Literature Review (SLR) reviewed publications from reliable databases that carried out the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The research found several studies on antioxidant chemicals were included in NLC systems. The NLC system formulation comprises both solid and liquid lipids that have been stabilised using surfactants. The creation of the NLC system has demonstrated that it is still capable of providing antioxidant activity for active chemicals, as seen by the IC50 values. Abstrak. Radikal bebas adalah atom atau molekul yang tidak stabil dan memiliki tingkat reaktivitas tinggi karena memiliki satu atau lebih elektron yang tidak berpasangan pada kulit terluarnya sehingga diperlukan antioksidan untuk dapat meredam aktivitas radikal bebas, karena senyawa antioksidan dapat mendonorkan elektronnya untuk menstabilkan radikal bebas. Namun antioksidan mudah terhidrolisis dan memiliki stabilitas yang buruk sehingga dilakukan Penerapan teknologi “sistem penghantaran berbasis lipid” yang relatif baru dapat melindungi dan menjaga stabilitas antioksidan. Pembawa lipid dapat meningkatkan penetrasi antioksidan pada kulit, sehingga aktivitas yang diinginkan dapat terjamin, karena kemampuannya dalam mengontrol pelepasan obat atau senyawa aktif secara tepat pada target. Kajian dilakukan dengan Systematics Literature Review (SLR) terhadap artikel yang diperoleh pada database bereputasi yang memenuhi kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi. Hasil kajian menunjukan banyak penelitian senyawa antioksidan yang dikembangkan kedalam sistem NLC. Formulasi sistem NLC menggunakan solid lipid dan likuid lipid yang distabilkan dengan penambahan surfaktan. Pengembangan sistem NLC terbukti masih dapat memberikan aktivitas antioksidan senyawa aktif dilihat dari nilai IC50.
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Rahayu, Asti, Astrid Kusuma Putri, Nadya Ambarwati, Fithri Farchah Frischah Sari, and Rizky Anugrah Dirgantara Putra. "FORMULATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER (NLC) CONTAINING QUERCETIN." Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian 8, no. 4 (2023): 1423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37874/ms.v8i4.1009.
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Quercetin, like triterpenoids, decreases blood glucose levels. Quercetin has several limitations including low solubility, low percutaneous permeability, and low bioavailability. The formulation of quercetin preparations in a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) system is one solution to increase its solubility. The quercetin NLC system was successfully formulated by the high shear homogenization method at a speed of 6000 rpm. The solid lipid glyceryl monostearate and sunflower oil play important roles in the formation of NLC. The physicochemical characteristics examined in this study included the particle size, dispersion, viscosity, pH, and entrapment efficiency. The particle size of NLC quercetin ranges from 22.98 ± 0.008 nm to 41.04 ± 0.082 nm, with p-values < 0.05. The dispersion power of quercetin NLC ranges from 5.12 ± 0.11 cm to 7.01 ± 0.28 cm, p values < 0.05. The resulting pH range is 7.3 ± 0.01 to 7.4 ± 0.01, and the resulting viscosity is 223.7 ± 9.8 cps to 492.0 ± 0.0 cps. Entrapment efficiency range of (62.20 ± 0.245)% to (86.17 ± 0.287)% ( p < 0.05). The ratio of solid lipid concentration to liquid lipid concentration in NLC quercetin has a significant effect on particle size, dispersion, and entrapment efficiency. Keywords: Nanostructured Lipid Carrier, Quercetin, Lipid, Glyceryl Monosterate, Sunflower Oil
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F, Rahman, Hendradi E, and Purwanti T. "DLipids Selection and Methods of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Topical Use." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 03 (2024): 1880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.3.87.
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Background: The utilization of nanoparticle systems presents a promising means for enhancing the efficacy of specific therapeutic interventions, particularly in topical applications. One of the nanoparticle systems that possesses several advantages is the nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). It is comprised of solid and liquid lipids that form a lipid matrix with the addition of a surfactant. The utilization of lipids in NLC could impact various physical characteristics and drug release. Objective: This study aims to ascertain the considerations involved in selecting solid and liquid lipids. Method: The research approach to be undertaken is a systematic literature review, which refers to an investigation conducted through the process of identifying, evaluating, and interpreting all pertinent findings related to a study, topic, or phenomenon associated with NLC. Results: the obtained results reveal that various NLC-related articles indicate that polymorphism, the solubility of active compounds, and the ratio of solid and liquid lipids may exert a significant influence on the physical characteristics and release of active compounds. Conclusion: Consideration of the choice between solid and liquid lipids can be made to optimize topical therapeutic efficacy.
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Rahmadita Sopyanti, Hanifa Rahma, and Farendina Suarantika. "Sistem Penghantaran Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Minyak Almond (oleum amygdalae) dan Asam Glikolat sebagai Antioksidan." Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 4, no. 2 (2024): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v4i2.14308.
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Abstract. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) is the second generation of lipid nanocarriers developed to increase stability and effectiveness in drug delivery. The general formulation of NLC consists of a combination of solid lipids and liquid lipids. The additional components in the NLC formulation are surfactants which can reduce surface tension. The group of non-ionic surfactants most commonly used for NLC development, for example Poloxamer, Tween, Span, PEG-40 stearate because they have an ionic charge so they do not cause irritation. The use of non-ionic surfactants with a large HLB such as Poloxamer can make the system more hydrophilic and increasing the concentration of non-ionic surfactants can also affect the adsorption of active ingredients. The study was carried out using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on articles obtained from reputable databases that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study show that many studies of NLC preparation formulations using poloxamer surfactants produce smaller particle size characteristics. Abstrak. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) merupakan generasi kedua dari nanokarier lipid yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan dan efektivitas dalam penghantaran obat. Formulasi umum NLC terdiri dari kombinasi antara lipid padat dan lipid cair. Adapun komponen tambahan dalam formulasi NLC, yaitu surfaktan yang mampu menurunkan tegangan permukaan. Golongan surfaktan non ionik paling umum digunakan untuk pengembangan NLC contohnya Poloxamer, Tween, Span, PEG-40 stearat sebab memiliki muatan ion sehingga tidak menyebabkan iritasi. Penggunaan surfaktan non ionik dengan HLB besar seperti Poloxamer dapat membuat sistem menjadi lebih hidrofilik dan peningkatan konsentrasi surfaktan non ionik juga dapat mempengaruhi penjerapan bahan aktif. Kajian dilakukan dengan Systematics Literature Review (SLR) terhadap artikel yang diperoleh pada database bereputasi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan banyak penelitian formulasi sediaan NLC menggunakan surfaktan poloxamer menghasilkan karakteristik ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil.
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Aisiyah, Siti, Reslely Harjanti, and Vivin Nopiyanti. "Pengaruh Panjang Rantai Karbon Lipid Padat terhadap Karakteristik Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Resveratrol." JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research 4, no. 2 (2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v4i2.34408.
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Karakteristik kritis <em>nano-structured lipid carrier</em> (NLC) sangat dipengaruhi oleh komponen lipid padat dan lipid cair dalam sistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh panjang rantai karbon dalam lipid padat terhadap karakteristik NLC. Resveratrol sebagai senyawa antioksidan digunakan sebagai model obat. Sebanyak 3 formula NLC dibuat dengan variasi tipe lemak padat yaitu asam stearat, asam palmitat, dan asam miristat. Lemak padat dengan <em>loading</em> 5%, lemak cair dengan <em>loading</em> 2%, dan <em>Tween</em> 80 dengan <em>loading</em> 4,2% sebagai surfaktan. NLC dibuat dengan metode emulsi diikuti dengan sonikasi untuk memperkecil ukuran partikel. NLC resveratrol dikarakterisasi dengan parameter ukuran partikel, zeta potensial, efisiensi penjerapan, kecepatan pelepasan obat (fluks), dan stabilitas aktivitas antioksidan. Ketiga NLC resveratrol yang diperoleh memiliki karakteristik ukuran partikel 150-280 nm, potensial zeta (-4 mV) – (-15mV), efisiensi penjerapan &gt;80%, nilai fluks 0,02-0,12 mg.cm<sup>-2</sup>.menit<sup>-1</sup>, dan penurunan aktivitas antioksidan 5-8% selama penyimpanan 30 hari. Panjang rantai karbon mempengaruhi pembentukan partikel nano dari NLC dengan hubungan parabola dan panjang rantai karbon optimum akan menghasilkan partikel dengan ukuran minimum. Zeta potensial dari ketiga formula menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p&gt;0,05). Panjang rantai karbon memberikan pengaruh terhadap efisiensi penjerapan secara bermakna (p&lt;0,05). Formula NLC asam palmitat memiliki fluks paling tinggi. Aktivitas antioksidan ketiga formula tidak berbeda bermakna (p&gt;0,05).
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Roshan K Pawar, Kalaiselvan S, and Balamurugan K. "Invivo Pharmacokinetic studies to investigate the enhancement of bioavailability of Lovastatin." International Journal of Pharmacometrics and Integrated Biosciences 3, no. 2 (2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijpib.v3i2.1245.
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The main aim of this study is to intensify the bioavailability of drug which is having lower bioavailability (<5 %) like Lovastatin in the form of Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) carrier and Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) and also to choose the best carrier molecule among this two by performing the invivo pharmacokinetic studies. The NLC (N3) and SLN (S6) was formulated by homogenization technique by using various formulation variable like lipid concentration (Witepsol) and surfactant concentration (span 80) and process variables like homogenization time (5000 Revolutions Per Minute) and albino wistar rats were used for the evaluation of invivo pharmacokinetic studies. From the obtained outcome, it was winded up that the formulation of Nanostructured Lipid Carried and SLN was carried out by a optimized hot homogenization technique. The optimized preparation N3 and S6 evaluated for invivo pharmacokinetic studies and compare the enhancing efficiency of bioavailability between the SLN and NLC. From the invivo pharmacokinetic data, NLC confirms enhancement of bioavailability by 10.56% when compared to SLN and conventional dosage form that have bioavailability 7.5% and 5.6%. From the outcome data of the research and in-vivo pharmacokinetic data, it came to an conclusion that the Lovastatin encapsulated Nanostructured Lipid Carrier presented an increased bioavailability than SLN, by intensifying the Area Under Curve and Mean Residence Time in plasma drug concentration profile. Hence using Nanostructured lipid carrier in the formulation of drugs in Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II, like Lovastatin which have low bioavailability will assure a better drug delivery system.
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Nordin, Noraini, Swee Keong Yeap, Nur Rizi Zamberi, et al. "Characterization and toxicity of citral incorporated with nanostructured lipid carrier." PeerJ 6 (January 4, 2018): e3916. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3916.
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The nanoparticle as a cancer drug delivery vehicle is rapidly under investigation due to its promising applicability as a novel drug delivery system for anticancer agents. This study describes the development, characterization and toxicity studies of a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system for citral. Citral was loaded into the NLC using high pressure homogenization methods. The characterizations of NLC-citral were then determined through various methods. Based on Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis, NLC-Citral showed a spherical shape with an average diameter size of 54.12 ± 0.30 nm and a polydipersity index of 0.224 ± 0.005. The zeta potential of NLC-Citral was −12.73 ± 0.34 mV with an entrapment efficiency of 98.9 ± 0.124%, and drug loading of 9.84 ± 0.041%. Safety profile of the formulation was examined viain vitroandin vivoroutes to study its effects toward normal cells. NLC-Citral exhibited no toxic effects towards the proliferation of mice splenocytes. Moreover, no mortality and toxic signs were observed in the treated groups after 28 days of treatment. There were also no significant alterations in serum biochemical analysis for all treatments. Increase in immunomodulatory effects of treated NLC-Citral and Citral groups was verified from the increase in CD4/CD3 and CD8/CD3 T cell population in both NLC-citral and citral treated splenocytes. This study suggests that NLC is a promising drug delivery system for citral as it has the potential in sustaining drug release without inducing any toxicity.
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Rajveer, Bhaskar Monika Ola S.S. Chalikwar and Iqbal Ahmad. "ROLE AND MECHANISM OF STABILIZERS IN NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 02 (2019): 4591–615. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2580222.
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<em>Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are second generation lipid nano carriers. that is one of the promising nano-carriers that develop the effective targeted therapies. Solid lipid and liquid lipid which is bio-compatible and/or bio degradable used as a core matrix dispersed in stabilizer solution. However, despite the considerably simple structure, the assortment of good stabilizer for a certain drug is a challenging task because they are maintaining the nanosized particle size as long as possible after the formation of NLC. The bioavailability is also affected in the final formulation by cells and cell layers interactions that are maintained by stabilizers. This review describe the types of NLC, techniques to prepare NLCs and their advantages with limitation, Application of Stabilizers in different dosage form, classification of stabilizers, practical consideration for the selection of stabilizers and mechanism of stabilizer which is steric, electrostatic and electrosteric</em> <strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Nanostructured lipid carrier, stabilizers, mechanism, electrosteric, application</em>
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Sahoo, L., G. K. Jena, and C. S. Patro. "Impact of Parameter on Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formulation and Approach of the Carrier for Cancer Treatment: a Brief Study." Drug development & registration 11, no. 4 (2022): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-4-95-107.
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Introduction. For the last decade, nanotechnology has been studied extensively in the pharmaceutical field. Among all the nanotechnology formulation areas, nanostructured lipid carrier is enormously researched by formulation scientists as it is one of the focused areas of lipid carrier for the effective formulation.Materials and methods. The nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) consists of solid lipid, liquid lipid & surfactant for fabrication of formulation. Methods such as high energy methods, low energy methods and organic solvent-based methods are used for the preparation of NLC. As per literature study the High pressure homogenization is the most efficient method for fabrication of formulation.Results and discussion. This carrier system has significant advantages such as high drug entrapment, improved bioavailability, stability during storage, and targeting the site with a better-controlled release making it a prominent area for the formulator to emphasize on it. Although many drugs are formulated with a nanostructured lipid carrier, it is a concern for researchers to find out the effectiveness of formulation by studying the process parameter and safety.Conclusion. The present review was focused to study the impact of various parameters such as Lipid, surfactant, homogenization rate, preservative, Crystallinity, and surface charge on the formulation. The study also extended towards toxicity and biocompatibility, topical targeting & cancer treatment of the Nanostructured lipid carrier.
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kaur, Sarabjot, Ujjwal Nautyal, Ramandeep Singh, Satvinder Singh, and Anita Devi. "Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC): the new generation of lipid nanoparticles." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (2015): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2015.2.2.14.
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Bang, Ki-Hyun, Young-Guk Na, Hyun Wook Huh, et al. "The Delivery Strategy of Paclitaxel Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Coated with Platelet Membrane." Cancers 11, no. 6 (2019): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060807.
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Strategies for the development of anticancer drug delivery systems have undergone a dramatic transformation in the last few decades. Lipid-based drug delivery systems, such as a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC), are one of the systems emerging to improve the outcomes of tumor treatments. However, NLC can act as an intruder and cause an immune response. To overcome this limitation, biomimicry technology was introduced to decorate the surface of the nanoparticles with various cell membrane proteins. Here, we designed paclitaxel (PT)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (PT-NLC) with platelet (PLT) membrane protein because PLT is involved with angiogenesis and interaction of circulating tumor cells. After PLT was isolated from blood using the gravity-gradient method and it was used for coating PT-NLC. Spherical PT-NLC and platelet membrane coated PT-NLC (P-PT-NLC) were successfully fabricated with high encapsulation efficiency (EE) (99.98%) and small particle size (less than 200 nm). The successful coating of PT-NLC with a PLT membrane was confirmed by the identification of CD41 based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) data. Moreover, the stronger affinity of P-PT-NLC than that of PT-NLC toward tumor cells was observed. In vitro cell study, the PLT coated nanoparticles successfully displayed the anti-tumor effect to SK-OV-3 cells. In summary, the biomimicry carrier system P-PT-NLC has an affinity and targeting ability for tumor cells.
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Kumar Sahoo, Prabhat, Neha S.L, and Arzoo Pannu. "An Overview of Second Generation Nanoparticles− Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 13, no. 6 (2020): 5181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2020.13.6.2.
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Lipids are used as vehicles for the preparation of various formulations prescribed for administrations, including emulsions, ointments, suspension, tablets, and suppositories. The first parental nano-emulsion was discovered from the 1950s when it was added to the intravenous administration of lipid and lipid-soluble substances. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are important nowadays. Solid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are very proficient due to the ease of production process, scale-up capability, bio-compatibility, the biodegradability of formulation components and other specific features of the proposed route. The administration or nature of the materials must be loaded into these delivery systems. The main objectives of this review are to discuss an overview of second-generation nanoparticles, their limitations, structures, and route of administration, with emphasis on the effectiveness of such formulations. NLC is the second generation of lipid nanoparticles having a structure like nanoemulsion. The first generation of nanoparticles was SLN. The difference between both of them is at its core. Both of them are a colloidal carrier in submicron size in the range of 40-1000 nm. NLC is the most promising novel drug delivery system over the SLN due to solving the problem of drug loading and drug crystallinity. Solid and liquid lipids combination in NLC formation, improve its quality as compare to SLN. NLC has three types of structures: random, amorphous, and multiple. The random structure containing solid-liquid lipids and consisting crystal and the liquid lipid irregular in shape; thereby enhance the ability of the lipid layer to pass through the membrane. The second is the amorphous structure. It is less crystalline in nature and can prevent the leakage of the loaded drug. The third type is multiple structures, which have higher liquid lipid concentrations than other types. The excipients used to form the NLC are bio-compatible, biodegradable and non-irritating, most of which can be detected using GRAS. NLC is a promising delivery system to deliver the drug through pulmonary, ocular, CNS, and oral route of administration. Various methods of preparation and composition of NLC influence its stability Parameters. In recent years at the educational level, the potential of NLC as a delivery mechanism targeting various organs has been investigated in detail.
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Salvi, Vedanti R., and Pravin Pawar. "Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) system: A novel drug targeting carrier." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 51 (June 2019): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.017.
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Efendi, Z., A. Ardhi, U. Santoso, Supriyadi, M. Ulfah, and S. Raharjo. "Characteristic and storage stability of nanostructured lipid carriers containing red palm oil." Food Research 8, no. 3 (2024): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(3).375.
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Red palm oil (RPO) is a potential carotenoid source mostly containing β-carotene. RPO instability requires a delivery system such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). This research aimed to develop an NLC delivery system and study the characteristics of NLCRPO. The melting-emulsification-ultrasonication method was employed to produce the NLC-RPO based on 6% (w/w) lipids, with solid lipid to RPO ratio (SRR) varied 6:4, 7:3, and 8:2. Tween 80 (24% w/w) to lipids ratio of 4:1, and distilled water 70% (w/w). The solid lipids employed in this investigation were palm stearin (PS), and palm kernel stearin (PKS), while the liquid lipid was RPO. The stability of NLC-RPO was evaluated using βcarotene entrapment efficiency (EE), centrifugation, cooling, heating test, color, and pH for 90 days of storage. The NLC-RPO was characterized by particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and viscosity before and after 90 days. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between the storage and stability parameters. The highest encapsulation efficiency of β-carotene in NLC-RPO as a carrier β-carotene from the RPO was achieved when solid lipid to RPO ratio (SRR) of 6:4 and there was no significant difference in the type of solid lipid (PS and PKS) used. Generally, NLC-RPO stored for 90 days at room temperature showed good stability after centrifugation, cooling and heating tests with greenish-yellow color (-a*;+b*), and pH of 6.38-6.54. The particle size (38-87 nm), PDI (0.01-0.54), and zeta potential (-10.17 to -22.67 mV) did not significantly change over 90 days of storage, while the viscosity (8.36-9.11cP) was significantly different. The NLC-RPO with SRR of 6:4 had the highest β-carotene entrapment efficiency and remained stable after 90 days of storage at room temperature.
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Shradha, G. Kandalkar*1 Kajal A. Choursiya2 Saba Shaikh3 Pradnya Gangurde4 S. B. Gondkar5 Rishikesh Bachhav6. "Nanostructured lipid carrier:A Review." International Journal in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 5 (2024): 852–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11208409.
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Solid lipid nanoparticles were developed as an alternative carrier system to emulsion, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles because they have advantages such as good release profile and objective drug delivery with excellent physical strength. They are binary systems which contain both solid and liquid lipids. It was found to have superior characteristics over other lipid formulations. As a novel type of lipid nanoparticles with solid matrix, the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are presented. This paper reviews the types of NLCs, various excipients used in NLCs, method of preparation, characterization and applications of NLCs. Due to their biologically non-toxic, non-immunogenic and compatible nature, NLCs are going to be the widely used lipid nanocarrier systems.
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Masri, Masneli, Deni Rahmat, and Agung Eru Wibowo. "Pengembangan Sediaan Emulgel dari Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Tetrahydrocurcumin Sebagai Pencerah." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 3, no. 3 (2021): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v3i3.580.
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Kosmetik digunakan untuk berbagai tujuan misalnya untuk membuat penampilan menarik. Dari sekian banyak jenis kosmetik yang digunakan, krim pencerah kulit banyak diminati terutama oleh para wanita di Asia, termasuk Indonesia, agar diperoleh tampilan kulit wajah yang putih dan bersih. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan formulasi sediaan emulgel pencerah kulit yang mengandung THC-NLC untuk penggunaan topikal. THC-NLC dibuat dengan menggunakan metode emulsifikasi dengan menggunaan campuran antara PEG-8 beexwax (Apifil) sebagai lemak padat, Grapeseed Oil sebagai lemak cair, plantacare sebagai surfaktan dan tween 80 sebagai kosurfaktan. Karakterisasi THC-NLC dilakukan dengan menentukan ukuran partikel, zeta potensial, morfologi dan mengukur aktivitas hambatan enzim tyrosinase. Selanjutnya THC-NLC diformulasi dalam bentuk Emulgel dan dilakukan analisis parameter sediaan dan uji iritasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakterisasi morfologi pada pemeriksaan Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), THC-NLC memiliki bentuk bola dengan diameter 100 nm. Ukuran partikel THC-NLC rata-rata adalah 78,26 nm. Hasil uji inhibisi enzim tirosinase menunjukkan bahwa THC-NLC memiliki nilai IC50 1,1050 mcg/ml, lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Asam kojic sebagai kontrol positif (IC50 51,6663 mcg/ml). Studi in vivo sediaan emulgel THC-NLC menunjukkan tidak ada efek iritasi pada kulit punggung kelinci. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan emulgel THC-NLC memiliki aktivitas sebagai pencerah dan aman untuk digunakan secara topikal.
 Cosmetics are used for various purposes for example to make attractive appearance. Of the many types of cosmetics used, skin lightening creams are in great demand, especially by women in Asia, including Indonesia, in order to obtain the appearance of white skin and clean. The objective of this research is to develop a skin lightening formulation that has THC-NLCs and THC-NLCs based emulgel for topical use. THC-NLCs is made using an emulsification method using a mixture of PEG-8 beexwax (apifil) as solid fat, grapeseed Oil as liquid fat, plantacare as surfactant and tween 80 as cosurfactan. THC-NLCs characterization was carried out by determining particle size, zeta potential, morphology and measuring the inhibitory activity of the tyrosinase enzyme. Furthermore, THC-NLCs is formulated in the form of Emulgel and analysis of the preparation parameters and irritation tests. The results showed that the morphological characterization of the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), THC-NLC has a round shape with a diameter of 100 nm. The average THC-NLC particle size is 78.26 nm. The results of tyrosinase inhibition test showed that THC-NLC had an IC50 value of 1.1050 mcg / ml, better than kojic acid as a positive control (IC50 51.66663 mcg / ml). In vivo studies of THC-NLC emulgel preparations showed no irritating effect on the rabbit's back skin. It can be concluded that THC-NLC emulgel preparations have a lightening activity and are safe for topical use.
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Anwar, Walid, Hamdy Dawaba, Mohsen Afouna, Ahmed Samy, Mohammed Rashed, and Abdelaziz Abdelaziz. "Enhancing the Oral Bioavailability of Candesartan Cilexetil Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: In Vitro Characterization and Absorption in Rats after Oral Administration." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111047.
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Candesartan Cilexetil (CC) is a prodrug widely used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, but it has some limitations, such as very poor aqueous solubility, high affinity to P-glycoprotein efflux mechanism, and hepatic first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it has very low oral bioavailability. In this study, glyceryl monostearate (GMS) and Capryol™ 90 were selected as solid and liquid lipids, respectively, to develop CC-NLC (nanostructured lipid carrier). CC was successfully encapsulated into NLP (CC-NLC) to enhance its oral bioavailability. CC-NLC was formulated using a hot homogenization-ultrasonication technique, and the physicochemical properties were characterized. The developed CC-NLC formulation was showed in nanometric size (121.6 ± 6.2 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency (96.23 ± 3.14%). Furthermore, it appeared almost spherical in morphology under a transmission electron microscope. The surgical experiment of the designed CC-NLC for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract revealed that CC-NLC absorption in the stomach was only 15.26% of that in the intestine. Otherwise, cellular uptake study exhibit that CC-NLCs should be internalized through the enterocytes after that transported through the systemic circulation. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that the oral bioavailability of CC was remarkably improved above 2-fold after encapsulation into nanostructured lipid carriers. These results ensured that nanostructured lipid carriers have a highly beneficial effect on improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as CC.
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Foong, Jia Ning, Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah, Abdullah Rasedee, et al. "Zerumbone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Induces Apoptosis of Canine Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 15, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8691569.
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Canine mammary gland tumor (CMT) is the most common tumor in intact female dog. Zerumbone (ZER) has promising anticancer properties, but plagued with poor water solubility, poor absorption, bioavailability, and delivery to target tissues. To solubilize, ZER was loaded into nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) to produce ZER-loaded NLC (ZER-NLC). The objectives of this study were to determine the antiproliferative effect and the mode of cell death induced by ZER-NLC and ZER on a canine mammary gland tumor (CMT) adenocarcinoma primary cell line. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between ZER-NLC and ZER treatments in the inhibition of CMT cell proliferation; thus, the loading of ZER into NLC did not compromise the cytotoxic effect of ZER. Microscopically, ZER-NLC- and ZER-treated CMT cells showed apoptotic cell morphology. ZER-NLC and ZER treatments significantly downregulated the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and upregulated the proapoptotic Bax gene expressions in CMT cells. Both ZER-NLC and ZER-treated CMT cells showed significant (p<0.0001) increases in caspase-8, -9, and -3/7 protein activities. In conclusion, ZER-NLC induced CMT cell death via regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax gene expressions and caspase activations, indicating the involvement of both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. This study provided evidences for the potential of ZER-NLC as an anticanine mammary gland adenocarcinoma chemotherapy.
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Elmowafy, Mohammed, Khaled Shalaby, Mohamed M. Badran, Hazim M. Ali, Mohamed S. Abdel-Bakky, and Hussein M. Ibrahim. "Multifunctional carbamazepine loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 550, no. 1-2 (2018): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.062.
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Joshi, Medha, and Vandana Patravale. "Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) based gel of celecoxib." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 346, no. 1-2 (2008): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.05.060.
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Huang, Wei, Huating Dou, Houjiu Wu, Zhigao Sun, Hua Wang, and Linhua Huang. "Preparation and Characterisation of Nobiletin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2898342.
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The objective of this manuscript was to investigate and optimise the potential of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a carrier system for nobiletin (NOB), which was prepared by high-pressure homogenisation method. Additionally, this study was focused on the application of NOB-loaded NLC (NOB-NLC) in functional food. Response surface method with a three-level Box–Behnken design was validated through analysis of variance, and the robustness of the design was confirmed through the correspondence between the values measured in the experiments and the predicted ones. Properties of the prepared NOB-NLC, such as Z-average, polydispersity, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, morphology, and crystallinity, were investigated. NOB-NLC exhibited a spherical shape with a diameter of 112.27 ± 5.33 nm, zeta potential of −35.1 ± 2.94 mV, a polydispersity index of 0.251 ± 0.058, and an EE of 81.06% ± 6.02%. Results from X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry of NOB-NLC reviewed that the NOB crystal might be converted to an amorphous state. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that chemical interaction was absent between the compound and lipid mixture in NOB-NLC.
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Wang, Jian Min, and Qiang Xia. "Prolonged Release and Cytocompatibility on Immortalized Keratinocytes of CoQ10-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier." Journal of Nano Research 30 (March 2015): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.30.128.
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The objective was to manufacture a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) for Coenzyme Q10, and to investigate its prolonged release and cytocompatibility of CoQ10-NLC incubated with HaCaT cells. CoQ10-NLC was prepared by hot high-pressure homogenization technique. The characterization of the CoQ10-NLC was determined by size analysis, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential assay, in vitro release and cytocompatibility. To analyze the cytocompatibility of CoQ10-NLC, cell viability was investigated by MTT measurement. Morphology of cells was evaluated by HE staining. Cells were exposed to CoQ10-NLC and nuclear morphology were determined using Hoechst 33342 staining. Time-lapse imaging was used to illustrate the dynamics of cell movements. Release investigation exhibited a prolonged release of CoQ10-NLC. MTT measurement, HE and Hoechst 33342 staining corroborated that CoQ10-NLC possessed good cytocompatibility on HaCaT cells. Observation with time-lapse images further confirmed that CoQ10-NLC showed good cytocompatibility. The results demonstrated that CoQ10-NLC with prolonged release had good cytocompatibility.
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Mittal, Ayush Nandkishore, Awate Shyam Suryakant, Sanjay R. Arote, and Varun Satish Pawar. "Nanostructured Lipid Carriers As A Drug Delivery System." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 14, no. 7 (2025): 904–11. https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i7.6456.
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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (Nlcs) Are Drug Delivery System Comprising A Mixture Of Solid And Liquid Lipids As A Core Matrix. Furthermore, Nlcs Are Second-Generation Lipid Nanoparticles That Have An Unstructured Matrix With High Drug Loading Capacity, Which Are Suitable For Drug Delivery System. Due To These Unique Characteristics, Several Studies Have Investigated Nlcs As Alternate Carriers For The Dermal Delivery Of Pharmaceuticals, Particularly Natural Active Ingredients. Among The Associated Benefits Discovered Include Biocompatible Ingredients, Drug Release Modification, And Adhesion To The Skin, Film-Forming Ability With Hydration Of The Superficial Skin Layers, As Well As Increased Penetration And Permeation Into Deeper Skin Layers. Nlc It Can Be Easily Used As A Carrier For Drugs Via Different Routes Of Administration Such As Oral, Parenteral, Ocular, And Nasal. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (Nlcs) Have Been Reported To Be An Alternative System And Are Considered Superior To Many Other Traditional Lipid-Based Nanocarriers Such As Emulsions, Nanoemulsion, Liposome, Microparticle, And Solid Lipid Nanoparticle (Slns). It Imparts Many Advantages Over Sln’s Such As Increased Solubility And Stability, Improved Permeability And Bioavailability, Enhanced Drug Loading Capacity, Drug Release Modulation Flexibility, Reduced Adverse Effects, Prolonged Half-Life, And Tissue-Targeted Delivery. This Review Highlights The Nlc With A Focus On The Structure ,Pharmaceutical And Therapeutic Applications Towards Targeted Drug Delivery Of Nlc In Delivery Systems
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Putranti, Astridani Rizky, Esti Hendradi, and Riesta Primaharinastiti. "EFFECTIVITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL STABILITY OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER COENZYME Q10 IN DIFFERENT RATIO of LIPID ALFA CETYL PALMITATE AND ALPHA TOCOPHERYL ACETATE AS CARRIER." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.14835.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate physical characteristics of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) mixture of alpha tocopheryl acetate, cetyl palmitate, Tween 80 and propylene glycol using high shear homogenization technique on NLC preparation to predict the optimum ratio of alpha tocopheryl acetate-cetyl palmitate to produce good characteristics of NLC loaded coenzyme, higher % EE, good penetration, controlled release, and stable.Methods: Lipid characterizations were conducted by diffraction scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometry. Coenzyme Q10 concentration was measured by spectrophotometer at 275 nm. NLC characteristics based on their morphology was determined using transmission electron microscope, particle size, and its polydispersity index which were measured with Delsa Nano™ particle size analyzer. Percentage of coenzyme Q10 entrapped in NLC was determined by dialysis bag method. Coenzyme Q10 release profile was measured using with Franz cell for 12 hrs. The penetration depth of NLC coenzyme Q10 in abdominal skin of Wistar rat was determined with fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine B as marker. NLC physical stability based on minimum of particle size variation, pH and viscosity during 90 days storage.Results: The result showed that formula with ratio of cetyl palmitate-alpha tocopheryl acetate 70:30 (% w/w) produce good characteristics of NLCloaded coenzyme, higher % EE, good penetration, controlled release, and stable in 90 days storage.Conclusion: The coenzyme Q10 NLC system with cetyl palmitate and alpha tocopherol acetate as lipid matrixare characterized by small particle size, low crystallinity, spherical morphology of particle and high coenzyme Q10 entrapment efficiency. Crystal modification led to the formation of a more amorphous thereby increasing the drug entrapmentKeywords: Coenzyme Q10, Nanostructured lipid carrier, Cetyl palmitate, Alpha tocopheryl acetate, High shear homogenization.
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Wu, Jia Ying, and Qiang Xia. "Preparation and Characterization of Azithromycin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2917.
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To function lipophilic drug Azithromycin (AZM) as ophthalmic preparation, Azithromycin-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (AZM-NLC) were prepared by High Pressure Homogenization (HPH), and its stability was analyzed afterwards. Well-dissolved lipids of Azithromycin were selected, how the ratio of surfactants to lipids influenced the preparation of AZM-NLC was studied, and mature surfactant system was chosen. The optimized ratio of lipid carriers to emulsifiers [ polyoxyethylene (40) stearate - Poloxamer188 (7:3)] in this study was 1:6, and the final drug-capacity rate was 0.5%. Obtained by photon correlation spectroscopy, the mean particle size of AZM-NLC was 76±2 nm. The results showed that AZM-NLC had kept stable for 15 days, and mean particle size increased to 83 nm after four months.
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Lokhande, Karan K., Pranali P. Malusare, Dhanashree P. Sanap, and Kisan R. Jadhav. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS BASED CAPSULE." INDIAN DRUGS 61, no. 07 (2024): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.61.07.14547.
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The objective of this investigation was to formulate an ideal nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) for glibenclamide in oral capsules. Employing factorial design, the NLC formulation was achieved through high-pressure homogenization using Design-Expert® software, optimized using a 32 -factor experimental design and response surface analysis. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to characterize NLCs and determine the optimal formulation. Rigorous evaluations, including drug content, in vitro diffusion and stability studies, were performed. Safety assessments, efficacy studies and optimization led to the identification of an optimal NLC formulation with specific lipid and surfactant percentages, resulting in a desirable particle size (nm) and a robust zeta potential indicative of strong physical stability.
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Alavi, Seyed Ebrahim, Urooj Bakht, Maedeh Koohi Moftakhari Esfahani, et al. "A PEGylated Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Antibiotics." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 8 (2022): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081668.
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Antimicrobial resistance is a major concern for public health throughout the world that severely restricts available treatments. In this context, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for a high percentage of S. aureus infections and mortality. To overcome this challenge, nanoparticles are appropriate tools as drug carriers to improve the therapeutic efficacy and decrease the toxicity of drugs. In this study, a polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated nanostructured lipid carrier (PEG-NLC) was synthesized to improve the oral delivery of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) for the treatment of MRSA skin infection in vitro and in vivo. The nanoformulation (PEG-TMP/SMZ-NLC) was synthesized with size and drug encapsulation efficiencies of 187 ± 9 nm and 93.3%, respectively, which could release the drugs in a controlled manner at intestinal pH. PEG-TMP/SMZ-NLC was found efficient in decreasing the drugs’ toxicity by 2.4-fold in vitro. In addition, the intestinal permeability of TMP/SMZ was enhanced by 54%, and the antibacterial effects of the drugs were enhanced by 8-fold in vitro. The results of the stability study demonstrated that PEG-TMP/SMZ-NLC was stable for three months. In addition, the results demonstrated that PEG-TMP/SMZ-NLC after oral administration could decrease the drugs’ side-effects such as renal and hepatic toxicity by ~5-fold in MRSA skin infection in Balb/c mice, while it could improve the antibacterial effects of TMP/SMZ by 3 orders of magnitude. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the application of PEGylated NLC nanoparticles is a promising approach to improving the oral delivery of TMP/SMZ for the treatment of MRSA skin infection.
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Mohamad, Nurul Elyani, Nadiah Abu, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman, et al. "Nanostructured lipid carrier improved in vivo anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effect of Zerumbone in 4T1 challenged mice." RSC Advances 5, no. 28 (2015): 22066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00144g.
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Arief Al Rasyid, Ridho, Diah Mardiana, Ridho Firmansyah, and Zubaidah Ningsih. "Effects of Preparation Temperature and Liquid-Solid Lipid Composition to Curcumin-Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Characteristics Fabricated by Microfluidic Technique." Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 12, no. 2 (2023): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2023.012.02.3317.
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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) are lipid-based carrier that uses a combination of liquid and solid lipids which is believed to deliver a higher amount of active substance to the human body. This study aimed to obtain the best formulation and evaluate the stability of curcuminloaded NLC (C-NLC) using microfluidic technique at temperature of 40o C and 60o C with the ratios of liquid:solid lipids were 2 : 1 ; 3.5 : 1 ; 4 : 1 ; 6 : 1% w/w. Our results showed that the increase of process temperature and liquid lipid concentration reduced particle size. There was a non-linear relationship between lipid ratio and temperature to encapsulation percentage. At ratio of soybean oil:stearic acid 6 : 1 and, at 40°C, particles size (PS) obtained was 143.87 ± 3.36 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) obtained was 0.44 ± 0.01, zeta potential (ZP) obtained was -33.3 ± 6.53 mV with encapsulation percentage of 20.62%. At the same ratio at 60°C, the PS obtained was 60.21 ± 2.55 nm, PDI obtained was 0.72 ± 0.03, ZP obtained was -26.10 ± 1.83 mV and encapsulation percentage of 31.45%. Stability test showed that C-NLC produced at 60°C was more stable since the change of particle size and pH were lower than C-NLC produced at 40°C.
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Listiyana, Anik, Roihatul Mutiah, Arief Suyadinata, and Farida Rahma Salsabilla. "PENGAMBANGAN SISTEM NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIER (NLC) DAUN Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI LIPID." Journal of Islamic Medicine 4, no. 2 (2020): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jim.v4i2.9787.
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Ethanol extract 96% of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis leaves are proven to have anticancer activity. However, these compounds have low solubility in water and fat. To improve the bioavailability of preparations, the development of drug design in the form of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) is carried out.The aim this study was to determine the effect of differences in lipid concentration of Monostearin and Oleic Acid in the formulation of the NLC system of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis leaves, which produced good physicochemical characteristics including organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, particle size, and drug entrapment efficiency. Making is done using the High Shear Homogenization method. Organoleptic tests showed ideal results for the Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) system, the resulting pH values in formula 1 (7.0 ± 0.12), formula 2 (6.7 ± 0.17) and formula 3 (6.8 ± 0.2)), the viscosity value of formula 1 (55.66 ± 2.84 cPs), formula 2 (28.86 ± 3.91 cPs), and formula 3 (28.57 ± 16.85 cPs). Particle size of formula 1 (5530 ± 320.47 nm), formula 2 (5337 ± 671.44 nm) and formula 3 (4676 ± 2215.75 nm)). The entrapment efficiency value of formula 1 drugs (33.55%), formula 2 (38.77%), formula 3 (83.75%). Based on the characterization result, the best formula was obtained at a lipid concentration of 10%, which was used for the formula of the NLC system of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis leaves for oral anticancer preparations
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C, Sankar, Abirami V, Lavanyaa E, and Manikandan V. "Preparation and Evaluation of Itraconazole Nanoparticle Lipid Carrier Gel for Dermatophytosis." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 09 (2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37580.
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Fungal infection is one of the common dermatological diseases. Drug delivery systems for topical use have shown significant advantages in targeting the drug to the action site in the body and also reduces the systemic side effects. Itraconazole was chosen as a model drug with low aqueous solubility. In the present study an attempt was made to prepare itraconazole loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). Different formulations were prepared by hot homogenization technique using solid lipid and liquid lipid (Compritol 888 & Caprol PGE 860) and surfactants (Poloxamer 188, tween 80). All the Formulations were characterized for drug content, entrapment efficiency, particle size, poly dispersity index, zeta potential &in vitro drug release and FTIR was done to study any interaction between excipients. The best formulation shows better drug release and entrapment efficiency 83.2%. the best formulation F3 showed better in-vitro drug release 55.46% at the end of 8th hour. The F3 was made into gel using Carbopol as a gelling agent. SEM study revealed that the NLC gel shows the particle size was found to be 500 nm in size smooth surfaces. NLC gel shows Drug release of NLC gel followed non- Fickian diffusion. NLC gel were stable at 40 ± 2ֹ°C and 75 ± 5% RH. Thus, the prepared NLC gel proved to be a potential candidate as a topical nanoparticulate sustained drug delivery system for itraconazole (BCS class II drug). keywords: Itraconazole, Nanoparticle Lipid Carrier, Lipids.
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Sarifuddin, Nurhidayah, Widji Soerarti, and Noorma Rosita. "Preparation and Characteristics of NLC Coenzym Q10 with A Combination of Hyaluronic Acid." Health Notions 3, no. 1 (2019): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/hn.v3i1.250.
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Coenzyme Q10, often also known as ubiquinone, coenzyme Q10 or Q10, is soluble in lipids and is naturally present in plants, animals and in mitochondria. Coenzyme Q10 functions as an antioxidant that can protect the body from damage caused by free radicals. Hyaluronic acid is known as a hydrophilic polymer derived from polysaccharides which has the ability to increase percutaneous penetration by changing the composition of tightly arranged stratum corneum cells to increase the permeability of the skin. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier is a modification of the SLN system, consisting of a mixture of solid and liquid lipids (oil), stabilized by aqueous surfactant solution, is one method to increase drug penetration through the stratum corneum because it has several advantages. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of adding hyaluronic acid to the characteristics of the Nanostructure Lipid Carrier (NLC) as anti aging. Examination of characteristics including organoletis, pH, particle size and polidispersity index was carried out. The results of organoleptic NLC coenzym Q10-HA examination obtained dark orange color, liquid consistency, lipid efficacy odor and soft texture. The pH measurement results of the preparation ranged from 5.05-5.23. The results of the particle size examination ranged from 267-128 nm and the particle size distribution ranged between 0.308-0.200 
 
 Keywords: Coenzym Q10, Hyaluronic acid , NLC
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Fitriani, Endang Wahyu, Christina Avanti, Yeva Rosana, and Silvia Surini. "Development of nanostructured lipid carrier containing tea tree oil: Physicochemical properties and stability." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 11, no. 3 (2023): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres23.1581_11.3.391.
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Context: Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil derived from Melaleuca alternifolia, with high antimicrobial and antifungal potential. Unfortunately, its topical antifungal efficacy is limited because it is volatile, thermolabile and easily oxidized. A formulation has been developed to overcome this problem by encapsulating TTO in a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). Aims: To determine the effect of the liquid to solid lipid ratio on the physicochemical properties and the stability of TTO-loaded NLC. Methods: Five formula of TTO-loaded NLCs were produced by high shear homogenization method and characterized according to their particle size, size distribution, polydispersity, zeta potential, thermal characteristics, X-ray diffraction, and terpinen-4-ol concentration. In addition, a stability study was conducted by observing its physical and chemical characteristics during storage in the refrigerator (4 ± 2°C) and at room temperature (27 ± 2°C) for six months. Results: The resulting TTO-loaded NLC had an average droplet size under 400 nm. The particle size increases with increasing amount of liquid lipid in the formula. There were insignificant changes in organoleptic properties, polydispersity index, zeta potential and terpinene-4-ol concentration during stability study for six months. However, the particle size slightly increased during the six months of storage. Furthermore, the NLC 3, which formulated with a 25:95 ratio liquid to solid lipid, was be chosen as the best formula, since it demonstrated the best physicochemical characteristic and stability. Conclusions: TTO-loaded NLC with good physicochemical characteristics and stability has been successfully developed. In addition, NLC 3 is considered as the best NLC formula, which exhibits characteristics and stability that meet the requirements.
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Zahrotunisa, Zahrotunisa, and Silvia Surini. "Advance in transdermal delivery of calcitonin using nanostructured lipid carrier-based emulgel." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 11, no. 1 (2023): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres22.1538_11.1.198.
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Context: Peptide-protein drugs have a very important role as therapeutic agents for various diseases. However, their therapeutic use has many barriers to delivery, such as large molecular weight, reduced stability during the manufacturing process and storage, and poor absorption when administered orally. One of peptide-protein drugs is calcitonin, a polypeptide of 32 amino acids used to overcome high levels of calcium in the blood, such as hyperparathyroidism. Nevertheless, drug delivery is still challenging to develop. Aims: To evaluate a calcitonin nanostructured lipid carrier-based emulgel, which could penetrate through the stratum corneum, and meet the stability requirements. Methods: Four formulas of calcitonin nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) were prepared by the double emulsion-evaporation method, then all formulas were characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and particle morphology. Calcitonin NLCs were then formulated into NLC-based emulgel. Further, in vitro penetration and stability of NLC calcitonin emulgel studies were conducted. Results: The 75:1 ratio of total lipid to the drug (F2) was optimal for calcitonin-loaded NLC with a particle size of 135.6 nm, an index polydispersity of 0.1, the zeta potential of 34.7 mV, and an entrapment efficiency of 99.6%. According to the percutaneous penetration study, the calcitonin NLC-based-emulgel resulted in a fivefold enhancement compared to the non-NLC calcitonin emulgel. Moreover, the stability study illustrated calcitonin levels after six months were 46.09-60.95% and 43.45-68.59% at storage conditions of 5 ± 3ºC and 25 ± 2ºC/RH 60 ±5 %, respectively. Conclusions: The calcitonin NLC-based-emulgel produced a fivefold enhancement permeation through the stratum corneum.
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Rodrigues da Silva, Gustavo Henrique, Ludmilla David de Moura, Fabíola Vieira de Carvalho, et al. "Antineoplastics Encapsulated in Nanostructured Lipid Carriers." Molecules 26, no. 22 (2021): 6929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226929.
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Ideally, antineoplastic treatment aims to selectively eradicate cancer cells without causing systemic toxicity. A great number of antineoplastic agents (AAs) are available nowadays, with well-defined therapeutic protocols. The poor bioavailability, non-selective action, high systemic toxicity, and lack of effectiveness of most AAs have stimulated the search for novel chemotherapy protocols, including technological approaches that provide drug delivery systems (DDS) for gold standard medicines. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are DDS that contain a core of solid and lipid liquids stabilised by surfactants. NLC have high upload capacity for lipophilic drugs, such as the majority of AAs. These nanoparticles can be prepared with a diversity of biocompatible (synthetic or natural) lipid blends, administered by different routes and functionalised for targeting purposes. This review focused on the research carried out from 2000 to now, regarding NLC formulations for AAs (antimetabolites, antimitotics, alkylating agents, and antibiotics) encapsulation, with special emphasis on studies carried out in vivo. NLC systems for codelivery of AAs were also considered, as well as those for non-classical drugs and therapies (natural products and photosensitisers). NLC have emerged as powerful DDS to improve the bioavailability, targeting and efficacy of antineoplastics, while decreasing their toxic effect in the treatment of different types of cancer.
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Wang, Jian Min, Yan Li, Hong Xia Wang, et al. "Evaluation of Antioxidative Activity between CoQ10-Nanostructured Lipid Carrier and CoQ10 Cosmetic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.799.
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Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a poorly water-soluble active ingredient with intrinsic chemical instability, but holds strongly antioxidative capacity. The CoQ10-NLC aqueous dispersion has been prepared, the antioxidative activity between CoQ10-NLC and CoQ10 cosmetic have been investigated, and several employed methods such as scavenging efficiency on DPPH radical and inhibition of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical generation illustrated its potentially antioxidative activity. The test results displayed that CoQ10-NLC aqueous dispersion indicated higher antioxidative activity than commercially available CoQ10 cosmetic.
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Elsewedy, Heba S., Tamer M. Shehata, Mervt M. Almostafa, and Wafaa E. Soliman. "Hypolipidemic Activity of Olive Oil-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Containing Atorvastatin." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (2022): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132160.
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Currently, hyperlipidemia is a growing health issue that is considered a risk factor for obesity. Controlling body weight and modifying life style in most of cases are not adequate and the condition requires medical treatment. Statin drugs (mainly Atorvastatin (ATO)), have been used broadly and for long time as medications for handling higher levels of lipid, especially bad cholesterol, which accordingly controls the prevalence of obesity. Still, the obstacle that stands in front of any formulation is the poor solubility of the drug. Low solubility of ATO came up with poor absorption as well as poor bioavailability. This paved the way for the present study, which aimed to exploit nanotechnology and develop certain nanolipid carriers that could accommodate hydrophobic drugs, such as ATO. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing ATO was fabricated using olive oil. Olive oil is natural plant oil possessing confirmed hypolipidemic activity that would help in improving the efficacy of the formulation. Via applying the Quality by Design (QbD) approach, one NLC formula was selected to be optimized based on appropriate size and higher entrapment. Optimized ATO-NLC was scrutinized for zeta potential, in vitro study and kinetic profile. Moreover, stability testing and in vivo hypolipidemic behavior was conducted. The optimized NLC formulation seemed to show particle size (254.23 nm) with neutral zeta potential (−1.77 mV) and entrapment efficiency (69.56%). The formulation could be prolonged for 12 h and provided higher % of release (97.17%). Stability testing confirmed the role of modifying the surface of the formulation with PEG-DSPE in providing a highly stable formulation that could withstand three months storage in two altered conditions. Ultimately, optimized ATO-NLC could successfully lower total cholesterol level in rats induced with obesity and fed a high-fat diet. Remarkably, ATO-NLC prepared with olive oil, in addition to shielding its surface, would provide a stable formulation that holds up the synergistic action between olive oil and ATO.
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Altuwaijri, Njoud, and Eman Atef. "Transferrin-Conjugated Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Targeting Artemisone to Melanoma Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16 (2024): 9119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169119.
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We report a successful formulation of Artemisone (ATM) in transferrin (Tf)-conjugated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), achieving nearly a five-times increase in cell toxicity. The escalating cost of new drug discoveries led to the repurposing of approved drugs for new indications. This study incorporated Artemisone, an antimalarial drug, into a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) and tested for possible anticancer effects. The aim was to develop NLCs, and transferrin-conjugated NLCs (NLC-Tf) encapsulating Artemisone to enhance its delivery and anticancer activity. NLC formulations were prepared using high-pressure homogenization followed by ultrasonication and were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and PDI. The conjugation of (Tf) to (NLC) was confirmed using IR, and the anticancer activity was tested using MTS assay. All formulations were in the nanometer size range (140–167 nm) with different zeta potential values. IR spectroscopy confirmed the successful conjugation of transferrin to NLC. Upon testing the formulations on melanoma cell lines using MTS assay, there was a significant decrease in viability and an increase in the encapsulated ATM-Tf toxicity compared to positive control ATM. The NLCs presented a promising potential carrier for delivering ATM to melanoma cells, and further conjugation with Tf significantly improved the ATM cytotoxicity.
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Wu, Bi, Yang Li, Yuan Y. Li, Zhi H. Shi, Xiao H. Bian, and Qiang Xia. "Nanostructured-lipid carriers-Chitosan hydrogel beads carrier system for loading of resveratrol: A new method of topical application." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 36, no. 8 (2022): 1444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08853282211053923.
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The aim of this study was to develop nanostructured-lipid carriers (NLC) encapsulated by Chitosan hydrogel beads for the efficient topical carrier. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were conducted to study the influence of the encapsulation on the characteristic of resveratrol-loaded NLC, and the results showed that there was no impact on resveratrol-loaded NLC. Chitosan hydrogel beads could significantly improve the physical stability of resveratrol-loaded NLC. In vitro release study revealed that resveratrol-loaded NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads had a more significant sustained-release effect on resveratrol. In vitro transdermal studies suggested that the skin permeation of resveratrol was promoted by the effect of Chitosan hydrogel beads and increased resveratrol distribution in the skin. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that resveratrol-loaded NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads did not exert a hazardous effect on L929 cells. Hence, NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads might be a promising method for topical applications of resveratrol.