Journal articles: 'Nanostructured materials'

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Chen, Huige, Run Shi, and Tierui Zhang. "Nanostructured Photothermal Materials for Environmental and Catalytic Applications." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 7552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247552.

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Solar energy is a green and sustainable clean energy source. Its rational use can alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. Directly converting solar energy into heat energy is the most efficient method among all solar conversion strategies. Recently, various environmental and energy applications based on nanostructured photothermal materials stimulated the re-examination of the interfacial solar energy conversion process. The design of photothermal nanomaterials is demonstrated to be critical to promote the solar-to-heat energy conversion and the following physical and chemical processes. This review introduces the latest photothermal nanomaterials and their nanostructure modulation strategies for environmental (seawater evaporation) and catalytic (C1 conversion) applications. We present the research progress of photothermal seawater evaporation based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous materials. Then, we describe the progress of photothermal catalysis based on layered double hydroxide derived nanostructures, hydroxylated indium oxide nanostructures, and metal plasmonic nanostructures. Finally, we present our insights concerning the future development of this field.

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Yang, Ming, Xiaohua Chen, Zidong Wang, Yuzhi Zhu, Shiwei Pan, Kaixuan Chen, Yanlin Wang, and Jiaqi Zheng. "Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11081895.

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Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.

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Ramadan, Rehab, and Raúl J. Martín-Palma. "The Impact of Nanostructured Silicon and Hybrid Materials on the Thermoelectric Performance of Thermoelectric Devices: Review." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 5363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155363.

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Nanostructured materials remarkably improve the overall properties of thermoelectric devices, mainly due to the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. This behavior is attributed to an increased number of scattered phonons at the interfaces and boundaries of the nanostructures. Among many other materials, nanostructured Si was used to expand the power generation compared to bulk crystalline Si, which leads to a reduction in thermal conductivity. However, the use of nanostructured Si leads to a reduction in the electrical conductivity due to the formation of low dimensional features in the heavily doped Si regions. Accordingly, the fabrication of hybrid nanostructures based on nanostructured Si and other different nanostructured materials constitutes another strategy to combine a reduction in the thermal conductivity while keeping the good electrical conduction properties. This review deals with the properties of Si-based thermoelectric devices modified by different nanostructures and hybrid nanostructured materials.

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Han, Yang, and Zhien Zhang. "Nanostructured Membrane Materials for CO2 Capture: A Critical Review." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 3173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16584.

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To mitigate carbon emission from the combustion of fossil fuels, membrane is advantageous due to the fact that membrane is a thin interphase acting as a selective barrier separating two phases. This thinness, typically in the range of 100 nm to a few micrometers, provides an almost natural platform to implement functional nanostructures. In this review, the recent progress in nanostructured membrane materials for CO2 capture will be discussed, including applications in flue gas decarbonizing (CO2/N2 separation) and syngas purification (CO2/H2 separation). In addition, the fundamentals of membrane technologies are also introduced. The reviewed nanostructure formation is confined to solid state materials, including polymer with intrinsic microporosity, carbon-based membranes, zeolite, and metal organic framework.

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Matteazzi, Paolo. "Nanostructured Titanium Based Materials." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 2878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2878.

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Assembling Nanostructures in 3D objects is actually the most relevant challenge in nanomanufacturing, opening the route to full industrial impact of nanomaterials. Titanium based systems are of great interest in several applications due to combination of strength, density, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Nanostructured Titanium alloys can be synthesized by high energy milling and assembled in 3D products by different routes.

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Afshar, Elham N., Georgi Xosrovashvili, Rasoul Rouhi, and Nima E. Gorji. "Review on the application of nanostructure materials in solar cells." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 21 (August 10, 2015): 1550118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915501183.

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In recent years, nanostructure materials have opened a promising route to future of the renewable sources, especially in the solar cells. This paper considers the advantages of nanostructure materials in improving the performance and stability of the solar cell structures. These structures have been employed for various performance/energy conversion enhancement strategies. Here, we have investigated four types of nanostructures applied in solar cells, where all of them are named as quantum solar cells. We have also discussed recent development of quantum dot nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes enabling quantum solar cells to be competitive with the conventional solar cells. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages and industrializing challenges of nanostructured solar cells have been investigated.

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Hu, Zeyi, Wenliang Liu, and Caihe Fan. "Micro-Nanostructure Formation Mechanism of High-Mg Al Alloy." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 11, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2019.3016.

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Micro-nanostructured materials have superior mechanical properties compared with coarse-grained materials. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) can effectively refine grains, resulting in the formation of typical micro-nanostructures. Fine grains improve alloy strength and toughness. This review summarizes the application of several typical SPD methods for high-Mg Al alloy. The effects of different SPD methods on the microstructure evolution, micro-nanostructure formation mechanism, and mechanical properties of the high-Mg Al alloy are analyzed in sequence. Finally, the development and future of the high-Mg Al alloy micro/nanostructure regulation are described.

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Helal, Hicham, Mohammadi Ahrouch, Abdelaziz Rabehi, Dario Zappa, and Elisabetta Comini. "Nanostructured Materials for Enhanced Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review." Crystals 14, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040306.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as promising candidates for efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion technologies. Their high energy conversion efficiency and fuel flexibility make them particularly attractive for various applications, ranging from stationary power generation to portable electronic devices. Recently, research has focused on utilizing nanostructured materials to enhance the performance of SOFCs. This comprehensive review summarizes the latest advancements in the design, fabrication, and characterization of nanostructured materials integrated in SOFC. The review begins by elucidating the fundamental principles underlying SOFC operation, emphasizing the critical role of electrode materials, electrolytes, and interfacial interactions in overall cell performance, and the importance of nanostructured materials in addressing key challenges. It provides an in-depth analysis of various types of nanostructures, highlighting their roles in improving the electrochemical performance, stability, and durability of SOFCs. Furthermore, this review delves into the fabrication techniques that enable precise control over nanostructure morphology, composition, and architecture. The influence of nanoscale effects on ionic and electronic transport within the electrolyte and electrodes is thoroughly explored, shedding light on the mechanisms behind enhanced performance. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on nanostructured materials for SOFCs, this review aims to guide researchers, engineers, and policymakers toward the development of high-performance, cost-effective, and sustainable energy conversion systems.

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Zhang, Shiying, Huizhao Zhuang, Chengshan Xue, and Baoli Li. "Effect of Annealing on Morphology and Photoluminescence of β-Ga2O3 Nanostructures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 3454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.138.

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A novel method was applied to prepare one-dimensional β-Ga2O3 nanostructure films. In this method, β-Ga2O3 nanostructures have been successfully synthesized on Si(111) substrates through annealing sputtered Ga2O3/Mo films for differernt time under flowing ammonia. The as-synthesized β-Ga2O3 nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The results show that the formed nanostructures are single-crystalline Ga2O3 with monoclinic structure. The annealing time of the samples has an evident influence on the morphology and optical property of the nanostructured β-Ga2O3 synthesized. The representative photoluminescence spectrum at room temperature exhibits a strong and broad emission band centered at 411.5 nm and a relatively weak emission peak located at 437.6 nm. The growth mechanism of the β-Ga2O3 nanostructured materials is also discussed briefly.

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Terashima, Kazuo, Takaaki Tomai, Daisuke Ishihara, Yoshiki Shimizu, Takeshi Sasaki, Naoto Koshizaki, and Takeki Sakurai. "Microplasma Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructured Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 48 (October 2006): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.48.9.

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In this study, we present our recent work on microplasma synthesis in liquid (or liquid solution) and supercritical fluid (SCF) for carbon nanostructured materials. For microplasma synthesis in liquid (or liquid solution), we easily fabricated graphites, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and distinctive self-organized carbon nanostructures. On the other hand, for microplasma synthesis in supercritical CO2 (scCO2), carbon nanostructured materials, such as CNTs and carbon nanopolyhedrons, were synthesized with the arc plasma using sc CO2 as a processing medium and raw starting material. Additionally, we showed the film deposition of carbon nanostructured materials by using a dielectric barrier discharge under scCO2 environments.

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Chen, Yusi, Yangsen Kang, Jieyang Jia, Yijie Huo, Muyu Xue, Zheng Lyu, Dong Liang, Li Zhao, and James S. Harris. "Nanostructured Dielectric Layer for Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7153640.

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Nanostructures have been widely used in solar cells due to their extraordinary photon management properties. However, due to poor pn junction quality and high surface recombination velocity, typical nanostructured solar cells are not efficient compared with the traditional commercial solar cells. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to design, simulate, and fabricate whole-wafer nanostructures on dielectric layer on thin c-Si for solar cell light trapping. The optical simulation results show that the periodic nanostructure arrays on dielectric materials could suppress the reflection loss over a wide spectral range. In addition, by applying the nanostructured dielectric layer on 40 μm thin c-Si, the reflection loss is suppressed to below 5% over a wide spectra and angular range. Moreover, a c-Si solar cell with 2.9 μm ultrathin absorber layer demonstrates 32% improvement in short circuit current and 44% relative improvement in energy conversion efficiency. Our results suggest that nanostructured dielectric layer has the potential to significantly improve solar cell performance and avoid typical problems of defects and surface recombination for nanostructured solar cells, thus providing a new pathway towards realizing high-efficiency and low-cost c-Si solar cells.

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Saraeva, I. N., D. A. Zayarny, E. R. Tolordava, A. A. Nastulyavichus, L. F. Khaertdinova, S. I. Kudryashov, Y. S. Zhizhimova, A. A. Ionin, and S. A. Gonchukov. "Electroactive nanostructured antibacterial materials." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 8 (June 17, 2022): 085601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac772d.

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Abstract Thin nanostructured metal (Au, Ag) films, magnetron-sputtered on semiconductor (n-type Si) substrate under 6 V voltage exposure for 15 min, exhibit high antibacterial effect against the food pathogens S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Nanostructures were formed by femtosecond laser ablation, resulting in an array of microspots. The observed effect is caused by the emergence of submicron, laterally periodical static electric and magnetic fields, adjacent to the metal film, causing the abrupt voltage drops, which induce the hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and increase its permeability, resulting in the formation of pores (electroporation) in the membrane and the subsequent apoptosis of the bacterial cell. Additional factors, which enhance the antibacterial effect of the studied materials, are the volume convection in the liquid drop with bacterial culture, caused by the moderate heating of the substrate to 45 °C–50 °C during the electric current flow and electro-taxis of bacteria to the charged nanostructured metal film.

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Bechelany, Mikhael, Sebastien Balme, and Philippe Miele. "Atomic layer deposition of biobased nanostructured interfaces for energy, environmental and health applications." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0102.

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AbstractThe most fundamental phenomena in the immobilising of biomolecules on the nanostructured materials for energy, environmental and health applications are the control of interfaces between the nanostructures/nanopores and the immobilized biomaterials. Thus, the throughput of all those biobased nanostructured materials and devices can be improved or controlled by the enhanced geometric area of the nanostructured interfaces if an efficient immobilization of the biomolecules is warranted. In this respect, an accurate control of the geometry (size, porosity, etc.) and interfaces is primordial to finding the delicate balance between large/control interface areas and good immobilization conditions. Here, we will show how the atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used as a tool for the creation of controlled nanostructured interfaces in which the geometry can be tuned accurately and the dependence of the physical-chemical properties on the geometric parameters can be studied systematically in order to immobilize biomolecules. We will show mainly examples of how these methods can be used to create single nanopores for mass spectroscopy and DNA sequencing, and membrane for gas separation and water treatment in which the performance varies with the nanostructure morphologies/interfaces and the immobilization conditions.

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Liu, Yi, and David J. Sellmyer. "Selected Reflection Imaging of Nanostructured Materials." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 752–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600023886.

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Nanostructured materials are finding increasing applications. In characterizing the nanostructured materials, we have developed a technique using a conventional TEM to characterize the nanostructure. The technique is named selected reflection imaging and could be used for measuring the grain size, measuring the volume fraction of a second phase in a dual phase material, measuring the texture and identifying the crystal structure in multiphase materials.The technique is evolved from dark field imaging which is known to generate strong contrast. In conventional materials with a grain size larger than 1 μm, selected area diffraction pattern is from a single crystal. Dark field image could be formed by allowing one of the diffracted beam to go through the objective aperture. In nanostructured materials, however, the diffraction pattern becomes a ring pattern. Ordinary dark field image could be formed by allowing one of the spot in the ring to go through the aperture. However, only a limited number of grains are differentiated from the rest.

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WANG, BAOMIN, TONGCHUAN GAO, and PAUL W. LEU. "COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURED SOLAR CELLS." Nano LIFE 02, no. 02 (June 2012): 1230007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984411000517.

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Simulation methods are vital to the development of next-generation solar cells such as plasmonic, organic, nanophotonic, and semiconductor nanostructure solar cells. Simulations are predictive of material properties such that they may be used to rapidly screen new materials and understand the physical mechanisms of enhanced performance. They can be used to guide experiments or to help understand results obtained in experiments. In this paper, we review simulation methods for modeling the classical optical and electronic transport properties of nanostructured solar cells. We discuss different techniques for light trapping with an emphasis on silicon nanostructures and silicon thin films integrated with nanophotonics and plasmonics.

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Zhang, Ling, Yuan-Cheng Zhu, and Wei-Wei Zhao. "Recent Advances of Nanostructured Materials for Photoelectrochemical Bioanalysis." Chemosensors 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10010014.

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Nowadays, the emerging photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis has drawn intensive interest due to its numerous merits. As one of its core elements, functional nanostructured materials play a crucial role during the construction of PEC biosensors, which can not only be employed as transducers but also act as signal probes. Although both chemical composition and morphology control of nanostructured materials contribute to the excellent analytical performance of PEC bioassay, surveys addressing nanostructures with different dimensionality have rarely been reported. In this review, according to classification based on dimensionality, zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional nanostructures used in PEC bioanalysis are evaluated, with an emphasis on the effect of morphology on the detection performances. Furthermore, using the illustration of recent works, related novel PEC biosensing patterns with promising applications are also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and some future perspectives in this field are addressed based on our opinions.

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Maciulis, Vincentas, Almira Ramanaviciene, and Ieva Plikusiene. "Recent Advances in Synthesis and Application of Metal Oxide Nanostructures in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors." Nanomaterials 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 4413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244413.

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Nanostructured materials formed from metal oxides offer a number of advantages, such as large surface area, improved mechanical and other physical properties, as well as adjustable electronic properties that are important in the development and application of chemical sensors and biosensor design. Nanostructures are classified using the dimensions of the nanostructure itself and their components. In this review, various types of nanostructures classified as 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D that were successfully applied in chemical sensors and biosensors, and formed from metal oxides using different synthesis methods, are discussed. In particular, significant attention is paid to detailed analysis and future prospects of the synthesis methods of metal oxide nanostructures and their integration in chemical sensors and biosensor design.

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Moriarty, Philip. "Nanostructured materials." Reports on Progress in Physics 64, no. 3 (February 23, 2001): 297–381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/64/3/201.

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Casuscelli, Sandra, Mónica Crivello, and Griselda Eimer. "Nanostructured materials." Molecular Catalysis 481 (February 2020): 110646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110646.

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Cahn, Robert W. "Nanostructured materials." Nature 348, no. 6300 (November 1990): 389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/348389a0.

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Gleiter, Herbert. "Nanostructured Materials." Advanced Materials 4, no. 7-8 (July 1992): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19920040704.

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Höppel, Heinz Werner, Reinhard Pippan, Christian Motz, and Eric Le Bourhis. "Nanostructured Materials." Advanced Engineering Materials 14, no. 11 (October 26, 2012): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201200306.

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Gleiter, H. "Nanostructured materials." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 50, no. 1 (October 1991): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19910500117.

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Jortner, Joshua, and C. N. R. Rao. "Nanostructured advanced materials. Perspectives and directions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 9 (January 1, 2002): 1491–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274091491.

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A focus of frontline interdisciplinary research today is the development of the conceptual framework and the experimental background of the science of nanostructured materials and the perspectives of its technological applications. We consider some current directions in the preparation, characterization, manipulation, and interrogation of nanomaterials, in conjunction with the modeling of the unique structuredynamicsfunction relations of nanostructures and their assemblies. The implications of quantum size and shape effects on the energetics, nuclearelectronic level structure, electric-optical response and dynamics, reveal new unique physical phenomena that qualitatively differ from those of the bulk matter and provide avenues for the control of the function of nanostructures. Current applications in the realm of nanoelectronics, nanooptoelectronics, and information nanoprocessing are addressed, and other directions highlighted. Chemical sciences make a central contribution to this novel and exciting scientifictechnological area.

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Nocua, José E., Fabrice Piazza, Brad R. Weiner, and Gerardo Morell. "High-Yield Synthesis of Stoichiometric Boron Nitride Nanostructures." Journal of Nanomaterials 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/429360.

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Boron nitride (BN) nanostructures are structural analogues of carbon nanostructures but have completely different bonding character and structural defects. They are chemically inert, electrically insulating, and potentially important in mechanical applications that include the strengthening of light structural materials. These applications require the reliable production of bulk amounts of pure BN nanostructures in order to be able to reinforce large quantities of structural materials, hence the need for the development of high-yield synthesis methods of pure BN nanostructures. Using borazine (B3N3H6) as chemical precursor and the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique, pure BN nanostructures with cross-sectional sizes ranging between 20 and 50 nm were obtained, including nanoparticles and nanofibers. Their crystalline structure was characterized by (XRD), their morphology and nanostructure was examined by (SEM) and (TEM), while their chemical composition was studied by (EDS), (FTIR), (EELS), and (XPS). Taken altogether, the results indicate that all the material obtained is stoichiometric nanostructured BN with hexagonal and rhombohedral crystalline structure.

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Nanda, Karuna Kar. "Anomaly in Thermal Stability of Nanostructured Materials." Materials Science Forum 653 (June 2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.653.23.

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Understanding of the melting temperature of nanostructures is beneficial to exploit phase transitions and their applications at elevated temperatures. The melting temperature of nanostructured materials depends on particle size, shape and dimensionality and has been well established both experimentally and theoretically. The large surface-to-volume ratio is the key for the low melting temperature of nanostructured materials. The melting temperature of almost free nanoparticles decreases with decreasing size although there are anomalies for some cases. Superheating has been reported for some embedded nanoparticles. Local maxima and minima in the melting temperature have been reported for particles with fewer atoms. Another quantity that is influenced by large surface-to-volume ratio and related to the thermal stability, is the vapour pressure. The vapour pressure of nanoparticles is shown to be enhanced for smaller particles. In this article, we have discussed the anomaly in thermal stability of nanostructured materials.

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Chandra Ray, Sekhar. "Possible magnetic performances of graphene-oxide and it's composites: A brief review." AIMS Materials Science 10, no. 5 (2023): 767–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023043.

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<abstract> <p>Carbon-based nanostructured materials are very promising for spintronic applications due to their weak spin-orbit coupling and potentially providing a long spin lifetime. Nanostructured carbons are not magnetic materials, but intrinsic magnetic behavioral nanostructure carbon materials could be fabricated through qualitative alterations. On alterations of carbon nanostructured materials, it changes their critical temperature and magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy that could be useful as favorable magnetic materials for different magnetic/electromagnetic device-based applications. Different processes are used for the alteration of nanostructure carbon materials like chemical doping, introducing defects, changing the density of states, functionalization, intercalation, forming heterostructure and fabricating nanocomposites layered semiconductor materials. Among the carbon-based derived nanostructured materials, the graphene oxide (GO) gets attracted towards the magnet forming in the spin-like structure across the area of the magnet. Due to its magnetic behaviour, it is used for the adsorption of metals and radionuclides and to make nonconductive oxide-metal. In this review article, the basics of magnetic behavioral change of the carbon-based GO/GO-nanocomposites nanostructured materials are described by gathering information from the literature that were/are reported by different researchers/research groups worldwide.</p> </abstract>

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Silvestre, Clara. "Coordination Action: NMP3-CA-2008-218331-NaPolyNet Setting up Research-Intensive Clusters across the EU on Characterization of Polymer Nanostructures." Solid State Phenomena 151 (April 2009): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.151.101.

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NaPolyNet is a 36 month project involving 15 partners from 10 European countries. The objectives are: 1) to network at regional, national and international level with experts on the characterization of polymer nanostructured materials in the field of packaging, textiles and membranes, bridging the gap between scientific and engineering approaches for the improved understanding of the structure-performance correlation in polymer devices; 2) to facilitate transnational access to important and unique equipment and to train young scientists and SMEs technologists; 3) to harmonize the work necessary for new standards in the field of characterization of polymer nanostructures for packaging, textiles and membranes. NaPolyNet will also focus on latest findings for managing the safety implications of polymer nanostructure along the life-cycle of those products. The activities are grouped into 7 work-packages (WP). After setting up the procedures for managing the project, the team will map the competences in the different field of characterization of polymer nanostructures and will set up an European Open Laboratory (EOL) open to outside the consortium partners incorporating the best and novel characterization methodologies and expertises. The EOL will allow average trained users of equipment for thermal, structural, morphological, mechanical characterization to produce reliable data on nanostructured materials and correctly interpret them. An international Workshop is planned on processing-structure-dynamics-and-properties of polymer nanostructures in order to further support development and design of intrinsically safe nanomaterials. The last part of the project will be dedicated to harmonize the work for preparation of new standards for polymeric nanomaterials characterization and to overcome barriers to the industrial application of polymer nanostructured materials especially in SMEs.

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Stolbovsky, Alexey V., and Elena Farafontova. "Statistical Analysis of Histograms of Grain Size Distribution in Nanostructured Materials Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.431.

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Analysis of histograms of grain size distribution of materials nanostructured by severe plastic deformation has been carried out using statistical analysis methods. It has been established that in materials with quite homogeneous nanostructure, the fitting of histograms of grain size distribution by using a logarithmic standard distribution is not accurate enough. It is proposed to compensate for the observed imprecision by including into the model the additional component – normal distribution. It is shown that this approach is applicable to nanostructured materials with both the deformation-origin nanostructure and the grain structure formed during annealing.

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Ngiam, Michelle, Luong TH Nguyen, Susan Liao, Casey K. Chan, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "Biomimetic Nanostructured Materials — Potential Regulators for Osteogenesis?" Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 40, no. 5 (May 15, 2011): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v40n5p213.

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Nanostructured materials are gaining new impetus owing to the advancements in material fabrication techniques and their unique properties (their nanosize, high surface area-to-volume ratio, and high porosity). Such nanostructured materials mimic the subtleties of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, creating artificial microenvironments which resemble the native niches in the body. On the other hand, the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various tissue sources has resulted in the interest to study the multiple differentiation lineages for various therapeutic treatments. In this review, our focus is tailored towards the potential of biomimetic nanostructured materials as osteoinductive scaffolds for bone regeneration to differentiate MSCs towards osteoblastic cell types without the presence of soluble factors. In addition to mimicking the nanostructure of native bone, the supplement of collagen and hydroxyapatite which mimic the main components of the ECM also brings significant advantages to these materials. Key words: Biomaterials, Biomimetic, Bone, Hydroxyapatites, Nanomaterials, Stem cells, Tissue engineering

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Termentzidis, Konstantinos. "Thermal conductivity anisotropy in nanostructures and nanostructured materials." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 51, no. 9 (February 13, 2018): 094003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aaa82e.

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Wang, Lifeng, and Zhiwei Li. "Smart Nanostructured Materials for SARS-CoV-2 and Variants Prevention, Biosensing and Vaccination." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121129.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised great concerns about human health globally. At the current stage, prevention and vaccination are still the most efficient ways to slow down the pandemic and to treat SARS-CoV-2 in various aspects. In this review, we summarize current progress and research activities in developing smart nanostructured materials for COVID-19 prevention, sensing, and vaccination. A few established concepts to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and the variants of concerns (VOCs) are firstly reviewed, which emphasizes the importance of smart nanostructures in cutting the virus spreading chains. In the second part, we focus our discussion on the development of stimuli-responsive nanostructures for high-performance biosensing and detection of SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs. The use of nanostructures in developing effective and reliable vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs will be introduced in the following section. In the conclusion, we summarize the current research focus on smart nanostructured materials for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Some existing challenges are also provided, which need continuous efforts in creating smart nanostructured materials for coronavirus biosensing, treatment, and vaccination.

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Sen, Dipanjan, and Markus J. Buehler. "Shock Loading of Bone-Inspired Metallic Nanocomposites." Solid State Phenomena 139 (April 2008): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.139.11.

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Nanostructured composites inspired by structural biomaterials such as bone and nacre form intriguing design templates for biomimetic materials. Here we use large scale molecular dynamics to study the shock response of nanocomposites with similar nanoscopic structural features as bone, to determine whether bioinspired nanostructures provide an improved shock mitigating performance. The utilization of these nanostructures is motivated by the toughness of bone under tensile load, which is far greater than its constituent phases and greater than most synthetic materials. To facilitate the computational experiments, we develop a modified version of an Embedded Atom Method (EAM) alloy multi-body interatomic potential to model the mechanical and physical properties of dissimilar phases of the biomimetic bone nanostructure. We find that the geometric arrangement and the specific length scales of design elements at nanoscale does not have a significant effect on shock dissipation, in contrast to the case of tensile loading where the nanostructural length scales strongly influence the mechanical properties. We find that interfacial sliding between the composite’s constituents is a major source of plasticity under shock loading. Based on this finding, we conclude that controlling the interfacial strength can be used to design a material with larger shock absorption. These observations provide valuable insight towards improving the design of nanostructures in shock-absorbing applications, and suggest that by tuning the interfacial properties in the nanocomposite may provide a path to design materials with enhanced shock absorbing capability.

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Alahmadi, Nadiyah. "Recent Progress in Photocatalytic Removal of Environmental Pollution Hazards in Water Using Nanostructured Materials." Separations 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9100264.

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Water pollution has become a critical issue because of the Industrial Revolution, growing populations, extended droughts, and climate change. Therefore, advanced technologies for wastewater remediation are urgently needed. Water contaminants are generally classified as microorganisms and inorganic/organic pollutants. Inorganic pollutants are toxic and some of them are carcinogenic materials, such as cadmium, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, and mercury. Organic pollutants are contained in various materials, including organic dyes, pesticides, personal care products, detergents, and industrial organic wastes. Nanostructured materials could be potential candidates for photocatalytic reduction and for photodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater since they have unique physical, chemical, and optical properties. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of nanostructured semiconductors can be achieved using numerous techniques; nanostructured semiconductors can be doped with different species, transition metals, noble metals or nonmetals, or a luminescence agent. Furthermore, another technique to enhance the photocatalytic performance of nanostructured semiconductors is doping with materials that have a narrow band gap. Nanostructure modification, surface engineering, and heterojunction/homojunction production all take significant time and effort. In this review, I report on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials, and we discuss the photocatalytic performance of these nanostructured materials in reducing environmental pollutants.

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Franco, Alfredo, Jorge A. García-Macedo, I. G. Marino, and P. P. Lottici. "Photoinduced Birefringence in Nanostructured SiO2:DR1 Sol–Gel Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 6576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18428.

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Pump-probe photoinduced birefringence measurements were carried out in amorphous and in nanostructured sol–gel films with Disperse Red 1 (DR1) azochromophores embedded in a SiO2 matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns determine the long-range nanostructure order of the films, exhibiting a lamellar nanostructure, with two different d-spacings, due to the presence during the sol–gel process of the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) or of the Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) ionic surfactants. The photoinduced birefringence measurements were performed on fresh and on heat treated films as a function of the pumping time. The measurements give us information about the effect of the nanostructures on the azochromophores orientation dynamics. As a result, for the same azochromophores concentration, annealed nanostructured films exhibited the largest azochromophore mobilities but by the other side, amorphous films had the largest signal intensities. Besides, we established a phenomenological model for the analysis of the azochromophores orientation in the films as a function of the pumping time.

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Vysikaylo, P. I. "Quantum Size Effects Arising from Nanocomposites Physical Doping with Nanostructures Having High Electron Affinit." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 3 (96) (June 2021): 150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2021-3-150-175.

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This article considers main problems in application of nanostructured materials in high technologies. Theoretical development and experimental verification of methods for creating and studying the properties of physically doped materials with spatially inhomogeneous structure on micro and nanometer scale are proposed. Results of studying 11 quantum size effects exposed to nanocomposites physical doping with nanostructures with high electron affinity are presented. Theoretical and available experimental data were compared in regard to creation of nanostructured materials, including those with increased strength and wear resistance, inhomogeneous at the nanoscale and physically doped with nanostructures, i.e., quantum traps for free electrons. Solving these problems makes it possible to create new nanostructured materials, investigate their varying physical properties, design, manufacture and operate devices and instruments with new technical and functional capabilities, including those used in the nuclear industry. Nanocrystalline structures, as well as composite multiphase materials and coatings properties could be controlled by changing concentrations of the free carbon nanostructures there. It was found out that carbon nanostructures in the composite material significantly improve impact strength, microhardness, luminescence characteristics, temperature resistance and conductivity up to 10 orders of magnitude, and expand the range of such components’ possible applications in comparison with pure materials, for example, copper, aluminum, transition metal carbides, luminophores, semiconductors (thermoelectric) and silicone (siloxane, polysiloxane, organosilicon) compounds

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Horbatenko, Yu V., V. V. Sagan, O. A. Korolyuk, O. O. Romantsova, and A. I. Krivchikov. "Temperature dependences of thermal conductivity of solid heterogeneous crystalline and amorphous materials: An empirical approach to the description in the high-temperature region." Low Temperature Physics 50, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0025621.

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This paper presents a detailed analysis of the thermal conductivity behaviors exhibited by a diverse array of nanostructured materials, ranging from multilayer graphene nanocomposites to semiconductor-based nanostructures such as Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and In0.53Ga0.47As composites. The investigation extends to superlattices, nanowires, and hybrid nanostructures, encompassing materials like hexagonal boron nitride flakes, iron oxide nanoporous films, and organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The thermal conductivity of these materials is characterized by distinct trends, with some showcasing crystal-like behavior and others demonstrating glass-like characteristics. The analysis employs empirical expressions to discern the contributions of phonons and diffusons in crystal-like materials and incorporates Peierls contributions and Arrhenius-type terms for glass-like behavior. Noteworthy observations include deviations in fitting certain materials at lower temperatures and the identification of negative diffuson contributions in specific cases. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of thermal transport in nanostructured materials and have implications for applications in advanced thermal management systems and thermoelectric devices. The extracted parameters provide valuable insights for researchers exploring the thermal conductivity of diverse nanostructured materials.

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Jakubinek, Michael B., Champika J. Samarasekera, and Mary Anne White. "Elephant ivory: A low thermal conductivity, high strength nanocomposite." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0029.

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There has been much recent interest in heat transport in nanostructures, and alsoin the structure, properties, and growth of biological materials. Here we present measurements of thermal properties of a nanostructured biomineral, ivory. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of ivory is anomalously low in comparison with its constituent components. Low-temperature (2–300 K) measurements ofthermal conductivity and heat capacity reveal a glass-like temperature dependenceof the thermal conductivity and phonon mean free path, consistent with increased phonon-boundary scattering associated with nanostructure. These results suggest that biomineral-like nanocomposite structures could be useful in the design of novel high-strength materials for low thermal conductivity applications.

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Su, Jian-Qing, Tracy W. Nelson, and Colin J. Sterling. "A new route to bulk nanocrystalline materials." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 8 (August 2003): 1757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0243.

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Despite their interesting properties, nanostructured materials have found limited use as a result of the cost of preparation and the difficulty in scaling up. Herein, the authors report a technique, friction stir processing (FSP), to refine grain sizes to a nanoscale. Nanocrystalline 7075 Al with an average grain size of 100 nm was successfully obtained using FSP. It may be possible to further control the microstructure of the processed material by changing the processing parameters and the cooling rate. In principle, by applying multiple overlapping passes, it should be possible to produce any desired size thin sheet to nanostructure using this technique. We expect that the FSP technique may pave the way to large-scale structural applications of nanostructured metals and alloys.

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Swathi, Baswaraju, K. Praveena, Neeraj Chahuan, Niti Sharma, Hazim Y. Saeed, and Alok Jain. "Thermal Modulation in Nanostructured Materials for Advanced Applications." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001138.

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Due to their remarkable thermal characteristics and the potential they hold to revolutionise a number of cutting-edge applications, nanostructured materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this review, the topic of thermal modulation in nanostructured materials is explored, along with those materials' distinctive thermal behaviours and their revolutionary effects on several technological fields. The creation of innovative materials with customised thermal conductivity, expansion coefficients, and heat capacities has been made possible by the manipulation of thermal characteristics at the nanoscale. Researchers have discovered a way to alter the arrangement, composition, and shape of nanostructures, enabling unprecedented control over heat transfer processes. This ability has significant effects on the thermoelectric, photonic, electrical, and catalytic areas. Nanostructured materials have demonstrated the potential to effectively transform waste heat into useable electrical energy in the thermoelectrics field, addressing issues with energy sustainability. In order to shed light on how these materials might spur creativity across disciplines and open the door for a new age of technological growth, this review attempts to provide a thorough grasp of the mechanisms influencing thermal characteristics at the nanoscale.

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Wang, Lixue, Chuandong Zhu, Qin Zheng, and Xia He. "Preparation of Homogeneous Nanostructures in 5 Minutes for Cancer Cells Capture." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/391850.

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Grafting aptamers on nanostructured substrates has shown ultrasensitivity in isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Here, we report that over 80 cm2of homogenous nanostructured surface on glass substrates can be prepared in 5 min after one-step dry etching. The surface area was doubled; the average diameter of nanostructures is approximately 374 nm, which is more close to the nanostructures of natural extracellular matrix. Antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule aptamers grafted nanostructured glass substrates captured over 76% of PC3 cells compared to 30% of planar substrates. Bispecific aptamers cofunctionalized nanostructured substrates, however, fail to capture cancer cells probably due to the formation of heterodimers. This limitation reveals that multispecific aptamers, when applied to cell isolation, must be analyzed to exclude any potential formation of heterodimers due to complementary sequence matching.

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Ji, Xiu Jie, Bin Wang, Chao Liu, Bo Wen Cheng, Jun Song, Dong Xia Ma, Guo Feng Zhang, Bo Wei Li, Zhi Xiong Yang, and Zhi Yong Fang. "Surfactant-Templated Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Ordered Nanostructured Fe₃O₄." Advanced Materials Research 427 (January 2012): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.427.169.

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Surfactant-templated synthesis of ordered nanostructured materials attracts more and more attention. In this paper, ordered nanostructured Fe3O4powder was synthesized via a facile reflux method in ethanol-water media using sodium dodecyl sulphonate (SDS, C12H25SO3Na) as template. XRD and VSM were used to characterize the ordered nanostructure, inorganic phase and magnetic properties. Results show that Fe3O4powder is of an ordered nanostructure of 7.6 nm which was detected by SAXRD and the inorganic phase is composed of cubic Fe3O4nanocrystals. VSM analysis shows that the ordered nanostructured Fe3O4exhibits a two-phase structure and a soft magnetic property with a saturation magnetization of 40emu/g.

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Cho, Seong J., Se Yeong Seok, Jin Young Kim, Geunbae Lim, and Hoon Lim. "One-Step Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured Silicon Surfaces and Modification of Their Morphologies Using Sacrificial Layers." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/289256.

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Fabrication of one-dimensional nanostructures is a key issue for optical devices, fluidic devices, and solar cells because of their unique functionalities such as antireflection and superhydrophobicity. Here, we report a novel one-step process to fabricate patternable hierarchical structures consisting of microstructures and one-dimensional nanostructures using a sacrificial layer. The layer plays a role as not only a micromask for producing microstructures but also as a nanomask for nanostructures according to the etching time. Using this method, we fabricated patterned hierarchical structures, with the ability to control the shape and density of the nanostructure. The various architectures provided unique functionalities. For example, our sacrificial-layer etching method allowed nanostructures denser than what would be attainable with conventional processes to form. The dense nanostructure resulted in a very low reflectance of the silicon surface (less than 1%). The nanostructured surface and hierarchically structured surface also exhibited excellent antiwetting properties, with a high contact angle (>165°) and low sliding angle (<1°). We believe that our fabrication approach will provide new insight into functional surfaces, such as those used for antiwetting and antireflection surface applications.

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Spontak, R. J., H. Jinnai, M. B. Braunfeld, and D. A. Agard. "Quantitative Transmission Electron Microtomography of Complex Bicontinuous Polymer Nanostructures." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 1128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038137.

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Nanostructured polymers constitute an increasingly important class of materials. Investigations into the formation of nanostructural elements in microphase-ordered block copolymers have elucidated universal mechanisms of self-organization in soft-condensed matter, since topologically comparable nanostructures develop in biological and surfactant systems. Emerging applications of such polymers include nanotemplates for inorganic materials, optical switches and nanoreactors. Despite all the efforts that have focused on these materials in previous years, basic questions regarding the characteristics of these nanostructures, especially those exhibiting bicontinuity, persist. While most attempts to address these questions have relied on small-angle scattering, a real-space approach to this problem compares slices of simulated nanostructures to 2-D transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. An alternate strategy is transmission electron microtomography (TEMT), which utilizes 3-D images (reconstructed from a series of 2-D images collected at sequential tilt angles) for detailed structural analysis. Using this method, we have, for instance, recently confirmed that packing frustration,

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Yoon, Sang-Hyeok, and Kyo-Seon Kim. "Preparation of 1-D Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Thin Film on Wire Mesh by Flame Vapor Deposition Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17552.

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Flame vapor deposition (FVD) process can be used to prepare the tungsten oxide thin film which has photocatalytic activity at visible light. The FVD process is fast and economical to prepare thin film on substrate comparing to other processes. Various nanostructured thin films could be easily prepared by controlling several process parameters in FVD. One-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures with high surface area also can be prepared reproducibly. The tungsten wire precursor was oxidized and vaporized in flame to be deposited onto the substrate. The nanostructure shapes can be adjusted by controlling nucleation and growth rates of tungsten oxide vapor on substrate. In this study, nanostructured tungsten oxide thin film was fabricated on stainless steel mesh by FVD process changing the process variables of FVD. We found that proper selection of suitable process conditions in FVD was quite important for the 1-D nanostructure growth on stainless steel wire mesh with high surface area, which is quite important for photocatalytic application.

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Paul, Sourav, Md Arafat Rahman, Sazzad Bin Sharif, Jin-Hyuk Kim, Safina-E.-Tahura Siddiqui, and Md Abu Mowazzem Hossain. "TiO2 as an Anode of High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review towards Practical Application." Nanomaterials 12, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12122034.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are undeniably the most promising system for storing electric energy for both portable and stationary devices. A wide range of materials for anodes is being investigated to mitigate the issues with conventional graphite anodes. Among them, TiO2 has attracted extensive focus as an anode candidate due to its green technology, low volume fluctuations (<4%), safety, and durability. In this review, the fabrication of different TiO2 nanostructures along with their electrochemical performance are presented. Different nanostructured TiO2 materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D are thoroughly discussed as well. More precisely, the breakthroughs and recent developments in different anodic oxidation processes have been explored to identify in detail the effects of anodization parameters on nanostructure morphology. Clear guidelines on the interconnected nature of electrochemical behaviors, nanostructure morphology, and tunable anodic constraints are provided in this review.

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Tian, Yongjun. "Nanostructured superhard materials." Chinese Science Bulletin 63, no. 14 (May 1, 2018): 1320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972018-00300.

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Carotenuto, G. "Column: Nanostructured Materials." Polymer News 29, no. 1 (January 2004): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323910490980570.

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Carotenuto, G. "Column: Nanostructured Materials." Polymer News 29, no. 3 (March 2004): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323910490980769.

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Carotenuto, G., and L. Nicolais. "Column: Nanostructured Materials." Polymer News 29, no. 6 (June 2004): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323910490981065.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nanostructured materials'

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