Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanostructures – Oxydation'
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Floresyona, Dita. "Synthèse des nanostructures métalliques et de polymères dans des mésophases hexagonales pour des applications en piles à combustible et le traitement de l'eau." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS206/document.
Full textSoft hexagonal mesophases, which consist of quaternary systems (surfactants, brine, oil, and co-surfactant) are used as templates for the synthesis of different nanomaterials such as metal nanostructures, conjugated polymer nanostructures, and metal-polymer nanocomposites. Unlike hard templates, which need a harsh chemical reagent to extract nanomaterials after the synthesis, in soft template hexagonal mesophases, the extraction process of nanomaterials is simple, only by washing with ethanol or 2-propanol. Another interesting property of this class of template lies on its ability to be swollen by controlling the ratio of oil to water.This thesis is divided into three parts: 1) Radiolytic synthesis of metal nanostructures in the aqueous phase of hexagonal mesophases and their application in fuel cells (ethanol oxidation), 2) Synthesis of conjugated polymer nanostructures in the oil phase of hexagonal mesophases for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, 3) Combined synthesis in the oil and water phases of hexagonal mesophases of metal-polymer nanocomposites.Several metal nanostructures such as PdPt nanoballs with controlled composition and porosity, AuPd and AuPt core shell, bimetallic PtNi and trimetallic AuPdPt porous nanoballs were synthesized by radiolysis in the aqueous phase of hexagonal mesophases. PdPt nanoballs with controlled porosity and composition were used as electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation. The effect of the pore size on their electro active surface and their electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation were studied. AuPd and AuPt core-shell, and trimetallic AuPdPt porous nanoballs were used for ethanol and glucose oxidation. PtNi porous nanoballs were used for H2 evolution and oxygen reduction reaction. Conjugated polymer nanostructures namely P3HT (poly(3-hexylthiophene)) were synthesized in the oil phase of hexagonal mesophases. These polymer nanostructures are highly active for photocatalysis under UV and visible light. Phenol and rhodamine B were used as model pollutants. These photocatalysts are very stable even after repeated cycling. Addition of scavengers and mechanistic studies show that O2.− is the main radical responsible for degradation of phenol. Most interestingly, the photocatalytic activity of these P3HT nanostructures is highly enhanced when they are supported on a solid surface opening new perspectives in photocatalytic reactors and self-cleaning surfaces. Premiminary results on the synthesis of Pt-PDPB (polydiphenylbutadiyne) nanocomposites are also presented in this thesis
Salou, Laëtitia. "New bioactive surfaces for titanium implants : Research, characterisation and industrial development." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ac38020b-e6ab-4197-a22a-9e712c35762c.
Full textBiocompatible et résistant à la corrosion des fluides biologiques, le titane reste cependant un matériau inerte : il ne favorise pas de manière active l'intégration osseuse autour de l'implant. La modification de surface du titane à l'échelle nanométrique permet de moduler l'expression des gènes favorisant l'adhésion et la différentiation cellulaire par un mécanisme de mécanotransduction. Dans ces travaux de thèse, nous nous sommes donc attachés développer, caractériser et appliquer une surface nanostructurée directement sur des dispositifs médicaux. Dans un premier temps, notre étude s'est concentrée sur la préparation et la caractérisation physicochimique. Après l'obtention de surface reproductible sur petits échantillons, nos recherches se sont axées sur la caractérisation biologique de la surface. Des études invivo réalisées chez le lapin ont permis de montrer une accroche osseuse renforcée et bonne ostéointégration de la surface nanostructurée en comparaison avec des surfaces couramment utilisées sur le marché. L'application de cette nouvelle surface sur pièce plus complexe comme les prothèses de trachée, nous a permis de rendre compte d'un phénomène de délamination de la couche de nanostructure. Nos recherches se sont donc orientées vers la problématique de tenue mécanique de la surface avec la réalisation de nano scratch-test et tribologie. Un sujet dans l'air du temps, puisqu'une nouvelle règlementation européenne concernant l'incorporation de nanomatériaux dans les dispositifs médicaux rentrera en vigueur en 2017. En conclusion, ces travaux nous permettent de proposer une nouvelle surface améliorant l'intégration tissulaire intéressante pour une application médicale
Stanescu, Stefan. "Structure and morphology of NiO / Cu(111) and NiO / FeNi / Cu(111) ultra-thin layers and nanostructures." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13099.
Full textThe very first stages of the growth of NiO/Cu(111) interface, were characterized on a microscopic scale including chemical, morphological, and structural aspects. Different elaboration procedures were used and we combined in-situ laboratory and synchrotron radiation techniques. Complete exchange coupled NiO/FeNi/Cu(111) bilayer system have also been investigated. The metallic Ni/Cu(111) interface has been studied, evidencing the close relationship between morphology, structure and magnetic properties. The reduced spin magnetic moments were correlated with the Ni-Cu 3d hybridization and with the Cu capping. The in-plane orbital moment anisotropy, related with the Ni tetragonalization, confirms that the easy axis of magnetization is in the plane for all measured thin nickel films. Ultra-thin NiO films, obtained through MBE evaporation of NiO nuggets, were grown at room temperature and at 250ʿC. The resulting system can globally be described in terms of a spontaneous NiO/Ni/Cu(111) layering. Confirming the STM real-space observations, GISAXS experiments and calculations allowed evidencing the self-organized nature of the NiO islands obtained at room temperature. Due to the poor oxidizing efficiency of the molecular oxygen, the NiO films deposited from metallic Ni at 250ʿC, exhibit several differences with respect to those obtained by NiO nuggets evaporation at room temperature. A cluster nucleation/aggregation mechanism was proposed, based on the STM observations. Formation of a-Ni2O3 hexagonal phase, or structural distortion of the NiO(111)( )R30ʿ structure could both explain the LEED and GIXD results. Exchange coupled NiO/FeNi/Cu(111) bilayer was elaborated using both, NiO nuggets and metallic Ni in oxygen partial pressure evaporation. Sharp NiO/FeNi interfaces were obtained, with textured NiO. Structural analysis of the NiO films deposited on FeNi/Cu(111) films evidenced twinned NiO(111), in much better epitaxy than the oxides deposited on the Cu(111) substrate
Agache, Vincent. "Intégration, et caractérisation physique de nanostructures pour les technologies de l'information et de la communication : application au filtrage électromécanique dans la gamme des radiofréquences (0,8-2,4 GHz)." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-171.pdf.
Full textPavlova, Anastasia. "Préparation et études des propriétés des films magnétiques nanostructures pour des applications en dispositifs magnéto-acoustiques et spintroniques." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0010/document.
Full textNowadays, structures based on ferromagnetic materials are largely used for different applications: random access magneto-resistive memories, magnetic sensors, and also new electronic components and spintronic devices. The general trend of modern electronic is the reduction of dimensions down to submicronic scales. Therefore, the magnetic nanostructures are of great interest and their methods of fabrication and properties largely studied.The main goal of this work is the preparation and experimental and theoretical research on properties of magnetic nanostructures for applications in magnetoresistive and photonic devices. The Scanning Probe Lithography (SPL) and Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) were used for the nanostructures fabrications. First steps were also achieved in fabrication of phononic cristals sensitive the magnetic field
Vert, Romain. "Elaboration par projection plasma d’un revêtement céramique sur un substrat métallique mince et de faible rugosité : usage d’une sous-couche d’adhérence nanostructuréeCo-encadrée par Erick Meillot et Gilles Mariaux." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ad42416f-2bf9-4745-8e76-b4c77462f0aa/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4044.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work is to show the feasibility of manufacturing a thick ceramic coating on a thin metal substrate with a low surface roughness. The system will operate under severe conditions of temperatures (850°C) and mechanical constraints imposed by gas flow at 70 bars. The application lies within the framework of the nuclear reactor Allegro, a gas-cool fast reactor, developped by CEA. The solution suggested is a double-layer deposit made up of a nanostructure layer (approximately 450-μm thick) of the same composition, by conventional plasma spraying. This manuscript presents the methodology of the study and successively deals with the elaboration of the nanostructure layer and that of the double-layer coating. A particular attention was turned to the adhesion of the nanostructured layer, to that of the double-layer coating and to the link between the two layers
Coffin, Hubert. "Etude de l'oxydation de nanocristaux de Si fabriqués par implantation ionique à basse énergie dans des couches minces de SiO2 : application aux mémoires non volatiles à base de nanocristaux." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30257.
Full textGherrab, Mehdi. "Étude du carbure de titane nano- et micro-structuré : élaboration et comportement en conditions extrêmes d'irradiation aux ions 40Ar+." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958369.
Full textSimões, Mário da Silva Correia. "Développement d'électrocatalyseurs anodiques plurimétalliques nanostructurés pour une application en pile à combustible à membrane alcaline solide (SAMFC)." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b019adc2-f6df-4414-a842-7e161cb5227f.
Full textSolid Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells are feasible alternatives to PEMFCs, allowing a wider choice of catalytic materials and fuels other than hydrogen, like small organic molecules and borohydrides. Several nanocatalysts were synthesized by a colloidal method and their activity and selectivity were studied toward the glycerol and NaBH4 electrooxidation in alkaline medium. Those catalysts are palladium based. Its interaction with Au, Ni and Bi were also evaluated. A Pt/C catalyst was also studied as well as its interaction with bismuth. PdAu/C catalysts presented a higher activity toward the glycerol electrooxidation than monometallic Au/C and Pd/C. This fact is explained by a synergetic effect between both metals that form ordered alloys. A bifunctional mechanism seems more appropriate to explain the increased activity of palladium rich PdNi/C catalysts. PdBi/C and PtBi/C are the most active catalysts for the glycerol oxidation due to adatom and bifunctional effects. The primary alcohol functions of the glycerol molecule are preferentially oxidized on Pd and Pt based catalysts. The production of hydroxypyruvate ion species was evidenced on Au/C catalyst. A mechanism was proposed for the NaBH4 oxidation on palladium, involving hydrolysis, hydrogen and borohydride oxidation steps. Pd0,5Au0,5/C and Pd0,5Ni0,5/C catalyst activities are similar to that of Pd/C. NaBH4 direct oxidation occurs on Pt0,9Bi0,1/C at low potentials without hydrogen evolution. Glycerol oxidation in alkaline fuel cell allows the cogeneration of electricity and high value added chemicals while NaBH4 oxidation allows for high energy and power density systems
Zhang, Feifei. "Fabrication of Aluminium Nanostructure for Visible to Ultraviolet Plasmonics." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0011.
Full textAluminum (Al) is now widely regarded as one of the most promising metals for pushing the spectral limits of plasmonics towards the ultraviolet range. Additionally, Al is cheap, abundant, non-toxic, and compatible with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. In this thesis, we investigate numerically and experimentally the influence of various key parameters on the optical properties of Al nanostructures. Firstly, we study the natural stability of Al nanoparticles, which show about 90-days stability when totally exposed to the ambient air. Secondly, we study the influence of rapid thermal annealing on the plasmonic properties of Al nanostructures. Due to the reduction of the number of grain boundaries inside the metal, an improvement of the plasmonic resonances quality factor is found with annealing at optimal conditions. Thirdly, we unveil the crucial effect of the surface roughness of Al lithographed nanostructures. The surface roughness is found to cause the disappearance of the substrate-induced quadrupolar mode and the weakening of the plasmonic dipolar mode. Finally, we investigate the effect of three kinds of uniform disorder (displacement disorder, size disorder, and rotation disorder) on the plasmonic resonances of Al nanoparticle arrays. The possibility to tune their plasmonic properties in the visible and near ultraviolet range by controlling the disorder is studied
Barakat, Tarek. "Oxydation des composés organiques volatils en présence de catalyseurs Au et/ou Pd déposé sur TiO₂ nanostructuré dopé." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916578.
Full textBen, Afia Souhail. "Influence d'un traitement mécanique de nanocristallisation superficielle (SMAT) sur l'oxydation à hautes températures de l'acier 316L." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0007/document.
Full textThis work aims at highlighting the impact of the SMA process (Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment) on the oxidation resistance of steels of type AISI 316L. This study compares the composition and morphology of the oxide layers, the oxidation kinetics, the growth mechanisms and the residual stresses on the surface of treated and oxidized samples at different temperatures. These observations show a beneficial effect of the SMA process on the oxidation resistance of the 316L steel for high temperatures. Indeed, the oxidation kinetics of the treated samples is shown to be related to a preferential growth of chromia starting at 700°C. This led us to conclude that the SMAT used on the 316L reverses the main oxide phase, inhibiting the growth of the hematite and promoting the chromia. An oxidation scenario for untreated and SMATed steel samples is proposed, demonstrating the role of the density of the grain boundaries introduced by the mechanical treatment. During this work, a comprehensive numerical chaining process is proposed. It takes into account the process parameters and mechanical properties of the material, in order to predict the characteristics of the nanostructure generated by SMAT, that could influence the oxidation of this stainless steel at high temperatures
Kodom, Tomkouani. "Études et caractérisations de couches minces de semi-conducteurs nanostructurés dopés et non dopés en vue de leur utilisation pour la dépollution des eaux." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d1077143-48b1-41ed-8658-dcdd75168235.
Full textThis work reports on the study and the characterization of thin layers of titanium dioxide un-doped and doped either with nitrogen and/or with fluorine or sulphur. Titanium dioxide possesses a large band gap 3. 2 eV. The reduction of the optical threshold energy of TiO2 and the consequent possibility of using economical and ecological sunlight instead of UV irradiation in photocatalysis is expected to have tremendous applications. Doping was made by hydrothermal method with regard to titanium dioxide (P25) (TiO2 and TiO2-N). Titanium dioxide was also synthesized by sol gel method. Ammonium chloride was used as nitrogen precursor. The synthesis by precipitation was also used for other photocatalysts (TiOXNyFZ). Thin layers were prepared by electrophoresis or "doctor blade" techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that both samples were anatase phase. The UV-Visible spectroscopy and action spectra showed that doped materials absorb visible light until 500 nm. Thermal analysis shows that doped nitrogen in TiO2 could prevent phase transition of anatase to rutile and then stabilize the anatase phase. FTIR analysis indicates that some nitrogen atoms in N-doped materials existed in the form of N-H or N-O. The photoelectrochemical studies via voltammetry and chronoamperometry, were used to show the photoactivity of these materials. The increase of doping precursor reduces the photocurrent. The mechanism by which doping induces a shift in the visible spectrum was studied via the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the change of the open circuit potential. The flat band potential as well as the density of donors is calculated. Doping induces a positive shift of the flat band potential as well as an increase of majority carriers’ density. This shift means that the impurities would create energy levels close to the valence band and would be responsible of visible light absorption. However, these states also act as recombination centers and decrease the photocurrent. The photoactivity of TiO2 (P25), TiO2-N (P25), TiO2 sol gel and of TiO2-xNx-1 sol gel (TiO1,86N0,14) deposited on stainless steel 304L was studied towards photooxidation of Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Orange 16 as model pollutants using a flow loop reactor equipped with UV lamp (BLB) or visible lamp (Cool Daylight) as sources of light. The dye photooxidation is similar for TiO2 (P25) and TiO2-N (P25), also for TiO2 sol gel and TiO2-xNx-1 sol gel under UV light. However, under visible light, N-doped photocatalyst allows a better photodegradation and this behavior is in agreement with photo-electrochemical and physico-chemical studies. The pH range 2. 1 to 6 is favorable for the photooxidation in our working conditions. In the same way the addition of hydrogen peroxide to the dye solution accelerates the degradation processes. During the photodegradation test, the measurements of the surfaces potential of photocatalysts show also a positive shift for N-doped photocatalyst
Pu, Peng. "Etude électrochimique et photo-électrochimique des modes de conduction dans les films de TiO2 nanostructurés." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066319.
Full textTwo types of TiO2 nano-tubular arrays with nanotubes (NT) aligned perpendicular to the titanium substrate were obtained by anodization of a titanium foil, in two different solutions (TiO2-NT(TB), TiO2-NT(EG)). In the dark, in the Na2SO4 solution, the EIS study of TiO2-NT (TB) anatase showed that a presence of a localized energy state in the gap which is the signature of the adsorption of molecular water. After UV exposure, the quasi irreversible disappearance of the localized energy states is related to photo-induced adsorbed water dissociation. Furthermore, the increase by a factor 112 of the capacity of the space charge layer was observed after UV exposure. This increase can be explained by the photo activation of the surface of NT, which was inactive before UV exposure. This activation is related to the dissociation of adsorbed molecular water and the insertion of hydrogen into the walls of NT. With a geometric model proposed, a carrier density of about 1018 cm-3 and 1020 cm-3 respectively before and after UV illumination were determined, confirming that the photo-induced activation of the wall of NT is linked to the phenomenon of doping due to hydrogen insertion. In the case of TiO2 –NT(EG), the contribution of adsorption of molecular water was not observed. The carrier density is about 1020cm-3 before and after illumination. In other words, these tubes of TiO2–NT(EG), are already activated before illumination. For a better identification of the chemical nature of the surface state in the case of TiO2–NT(TB), EIS measurements were performed in the same manner, but in acidic and basic media, in order to compare the behaviour to that observed in the Na2SO4 solution
Raspal, Vincent. "Élaboration de surfaces nanostructurées d'alumine, caractérisation et modélisation de la mouillabilité." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF1PP02/document.
Full textIn this work, we have described and carried out the fabrication of nanostructured alumina surfaces by anodizing highly pure aluminum foils. The pore diameter, depth and spacing are finely controled through experimental parameters. These nanotextured surfaces allowed a thorough study of the solid-liquid interactions within the pores and of the contact-line constrained by the surface nanoasperities. Equilibrium contact-angle and wetting hysteresis measurements were helpful to apprehend them. Modeling the results has revealed the inability of classical CASSIE, WENZEL and capillarity models to properly match the situation. Adding the controversial line-tension term solves the problem and provides good predictions. Anyway, this interpretation is not unique. A lower surface energy within the pores due to their strong curvature yields the same modeling quality. This case has been theoretically investigated through the integration of VAN DER WAALS’ forces. A surface-energy decrease has been calculated but it is not as strong as required. The model still can be improved. Hysteresis measurements have highlighted the nanoporous surfaces are strongly adhesive. Because of the pore size, the capillarity is very marked and keeps the contact line from receding. The advancing contact angles have shown that the contact-line thickness is negligible with respect of ten nanometres. In addition, it can circumvent the pore openings which involves strong liquid–gas interface curvatures at the drop base. The three-dimensional liquid–gas interface shape has been studied with a numerical model that still has to be enhanced
Quet, Aurélie. "Composites de friction à matrice céramique : relation composition / structure / comportement tribologique." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13512.
Full textC/C composites are nowadays the most suitable materials for needs of aircraft braking. However, they show a high wear during taxiing. SiC matrix composites are characterised by a smoothing of the wear peak noticed at low temperatures but they don't meet requirements of rejected take-off (RTO). The aim of this work is to put another carbide than SiC in the matrix of friction composites and to assess its influence on tribological properties of materials. C/C-ZrC and C/C-TiC composites were manufactured using RMI processing route (Reactive Melt Infiltration). Materials were characterised with mophological, chemical and structural analysis which reveal especially a decohesion between carbon phase and carbide phase. This gap can be limited using alloys as Zr-Si and Ti-Si alloys. Triboligical behaviour of the resulting materials was then investigated with an inertial dynamometer simulating brake stops. C/C-ZrC and C/C-TiC composites meet RTO requirements. Neverless, ZrC matrix composites have a high wear for high temperature brake stops linked to their oxidation behaviour. TiC matrix composites present moderate wear at high temperature and a lower wear at low temperature compared to C/C composites in relation to low friction coefficients
Salou, Matthieu. "Étude de l'interdiffusion et de l'oxydation dans des systèmes magnétiques." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2027.
Full textWithin the framework of this PhD work, we developed a XPS depth profile experiment in order to analyse the physico-chemical properties of the surfaces and interfaces of magnetic nanostructures elaborated in the LMB laboratory. To gain more insight into capabilities of this technique which is complementary to those in current use in our laboratory, we carried out two different types of investigations. We thus focused on the interdifflision phenomenon in Al/Ni multilayers. This phenomenon is hable to take place during deposition process and/or heat treatment. We showed that interdiffusion starts from multilayers deposition and results in the formation of an amorphous Al3Ni phase. The heat treatment leads to the formation of Ni-richer and richer nickel aluminides. In parallel, we studied the Permalloy oxidation (i) under vacuum at room temperature, and (ii) in air at high temperature. Under vacuum and at room temperature, the oxidation of a Permalloy film starts with the dissociative oxygen chemisorption on the surface; finally, a nano-oxide layer of less than 1 nm in thickness is formed. The nature of the produced oxides was determined ; no preferential oxidation of one of the elements was shown. The heat treatment in air of Permalloy thin film or Permalloy bulk leads to preferential oxidation and iron segregation at the surface
Mege-Revil, Alexandre. "Comportement à l'oxydation haute température de films nanocomposites du sytème Me-Si-N(Me=Ti, Cr) déposés par procédés sous vide sur acier." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0079/these.pdf.
Full textCoatings in the Me-Al-Si-N system were deposited on M2 steel using different vapour deposition process. SEM, TEM and XRD studies indicated in most cases that a nanocomposite structure in which Me(Al)N nanograins are embedded in an amorphous SiNx matrix was actually synthesized. A strong increase in the hardness, the oxidation resistance and the wear resistance of the coatings was then observed. Adding aluminium further improved the oxidation resistance. Environmental SEM observations allowed us to suggest a mechanism for the oxidation of PVD-deposited nanocomposite coatings. Thermal cycling tests showed the synergy between the hard, resilient TiN phase and the chemically inert but fragile SiNx phase. Finally, tribo-oxidation experiments combining wear and high temperature oxidation showed that adding Si in CrN allowed an increase of the wear resistance of a coated ball inversely related with the temperature
Gentil, Solène. "Enzymes et catalyseurs bio-inspirés immobilisés sur électrodes nanostructurées pour l'élaboration de piles H2/air sans métaux nobles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV058/document.
Full textNew energy technologies alternative to fossil fuels utilization is a key issue to mitigate greenhouse gases emission and develop a sustainable economy. In this context, platinum-based proton exchange membrane fuel cells use oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. In nature multicopper oxidases and hydrogenases catalyze these two reactions, respectively. These enzymes and corresponding bioinspired catalysts have been used as alternatives to the rare and expensive platinum metal. First, a mononuclear bis-diphosphine nickel complex surrounded by arginine residues was immobilized onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and demonstrated excellent performances for HOR developing high current densities over a wide range of pH. This anode was integrated in a PEMFC, which achieved high power densities (15 mW cm-2), only five times lower as compared to classical PEMFC prepared under similar conditions. Regarding ORR catalysis, we covalently grafted LLaccases from Trametes sp C30 multicopper oxidases onto NTCs electrodes and achieved direct electron transfer. Using, bilirubin oxidase deposited on CNTs at the cathode side, we proposed a new concept of hybrid enzymatic/bio-inspired H2/air fuel cell. This hydrogen fuel cell delivered 1.8 mW.cm-2 and a high open circuit voltage of 1V. Finally, various copper complexes inspired from the active sites of copper enzymes were assessed for ORR and the first H2/air fuel cell containing noble metal-free molecular catalysts at both electrodes is reported, achieving 160 µW.cm-2 power density
Zhang, Hailong. "Study on non-catalytic and catalytic reactivity of Biodiesel and model soot." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS438.
Full textDiesel has been widely applied in the vehicle field due to its high efficiency, durability and low costs. However, the high emissions of particulate matter (PM) from Diesel exhaust gas have led to severe environmental pollution and human health threat. DPF aftertreatment system that combines the catalytic reactions is considered to be an efficient solution to meet the restrictive emission standards. MnOx-CeO2 mixed oxides have high redox ability and oxygen storage capacity, thus they as promising catalysts have been widely studied and employed in soot oxidation reactions. In the present research, it was found that NO adsorption/desorption on MnOx-CeO2 catalyst promoted the low-temperature reactivity of soot due to the changes in the surface Ce/Mn states and an increase of oxygen vacancies. Moreover, the active oxygen species generated from nitrates decomposition played an important role during the promoted soot oxidation. It was revealed that non-catalytic and catalytic reactivities of real Biodiesel and model soot samples were furthermore correlated with soot structural properties. In the presence of the MnOx-CeO2 catalyst, soot reactivity also depended both on reactant gas composition and on soot-catalyst contact. Besides, the activation of soot under O2 showed a positive role on its structural and surface properties and thereby enhanced its reactivity. In the end, a real Biodiesel soot was impregnated by Na, K or P, reactivity results evidenced that alkali metals Na and K exhibited a positive effect on soot oxidation but phosphorus showed an inhibition under both O2 and NOx + O2
Drouelle, Elodie. "Relations microstructure, propriétés mécaniques et résistance à l'oxydation de la phase MAX Ti3AlC2." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2277/document.
Full textThe lightening of structures has become a major challenge for transport industries. New materials with, at least, equivalent specific properties to currently used materials have been designed in order to cope with this challenge. In this regard, Ti3AlC2 MAX phase has been studied. The high temperature (800-1000°C) oxidation resistance and tension and tensile creep properties were assessed for Ti3AlC2 samples elaborated using a powder metallurgy process (pressureless sintering + spark plasma sintering). The various oxidation tests pointed out two different behaviors (protective oxidation or catastrophic one depending on the grown oxides nature) mainly controlled by samples microstructural features (grains size, elements on A site, roughness and porosity). The first tensile creep tests ever performed on Ti3AlC2 MAX phase indicates the high ductility of these materials whose specific properties reach or surpass those of polycrystalline superalloys and titanium aluminides. A multi-scale study highlights deformation mechanisms occurring through intergranular sliding at 900 and 1000°C and through dislocations glide at 800°C. Damage mechanisms occurring through cavitation supported by crack oxidation phenomena on gauge length surface were also underlined
Schmitt, Thomas. "Mécanismes de dégradation de revêtements base CrN élaborés par arc-PVD : Intérêt d'une nano-architecture." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633784.
Full textKyeremateng, Nana Amponsah. "Advanced materials based on titania nanotubes for the fabrication of high performance 3D li-ion microbatteries." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4772/document.
Full textThe advent of modern microelectronic devices has necessitated the search for high-performance all-solid-state (rechargeable) microbatteries. So far, only lithium-based systems fulfill the voltage and energy density requirements of microbatteries. Presently, there is a need to move from 2D to 3D configurations, and also a necessity to adopt the “Li-ion” or the “rocking-chair” concept in designing these lithium-based (thin-film) microbatteries. This implies the combination of cathode materials such as LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 or LiFePO4 with the wide range of possible anode materials that can react reversibly with lithium. Among all the potential anode materials, TiO2 nanotubes possess a spectacular characteristic for designing 3D Li-ion microbatteries. Besides the self-organized nano-architecture, TiO2 is non-toxic and inexpensive, and the nanotubes have been demonstrated to exhibit very good capacity retention particularly at moderate kinetic rates. The use of TiO2 as anode provides cells with low self-discharge and eliminates the risk of overcharging due to its higher operating voltage (ca. 1.72 V vs. Li+/Li). Moreover, their overall performance can be improved. Hence, TiO2 nanotubes and their derivatives were synthesized and characterized, and their electrochemical behaviour versus lithium was evaluated in lithium test cells. As a first step towards the fabrication of a 3D microbattery based on TiO2 nanotubes, electrodeposition of polymer electrolytes into the synthesized TiO2 nanotubes was also studied; the inter-phase morphology and the electrochemical behaviour of the resulting material were studied
Raciulete, Monica. "Synthèse de matériaux nano structurés dans des solvants non aqueux." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809196.
Full textLaassiri, Said. "Synthèse et caractérisation des oxydes-mixtes nanocristallins de type hexaaluminate : propriétés en mobilité d'oxygène et en catalyse d'oxydation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2314/document.
Full textSince the beginning of the 1970's, hexaaluminate mixed oxides gained were studied as active materials for catalytic reaction at high temperature, e.g. catalytic combustion. Their abilities to maintain phase stability and high surface area are considered of a great interest. Unfortunately, most of the reported chemical synthesis methods for hexaaluminate preparation involve at least one calcination step at high temperature (> 1100 °C) to crystallize the desired pure phase, which leads to crystal growth and unavoidable surface reduction.The catalytic performance of hexaaluminate materials depends essentially to the structural and textural properties i.e. surface area, crystal size, and phase purity. Thus the first part of this study was dedicated to the development of an original synthesis route, the "Activated Reactive Synthesis" process that is evidenced as a promising top down approach to generate nanostructured hexaaluminate with high surface area. Values of surface areas obtained were largely higher (>77 m2 g-1) to those reported for hexaaluminates prepared by conventional routes (~ 20 m2 g-1). The nature of the transition metal Mn+ inserted in the hexaaluminate structure, as well as its concentration, plays a key role on the redox behaviours and the oxygen transfer properties. Nevertheless, for a same chemical composition, the redox properties and oxygen mobility was found to be dependent to the structural and textural properties. Activities of hexaaluminate materials in oxidation reaction of CO and CH4 is reported to depend on a complex balance between structural and textural properties, surface state, reducibility, and oxygen mobility in the bulk
Laforet, Adrien. "Rupture différée en fatigue statique aux très hautes températures (800° - 1300°) des fils Hi-Nicalon, des composites Hi-Nicalon/Type PyC/SiC et des composites Hi-Nicalon/Type PyC/B4C." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13783/document.
Full textDelayed failure of SiC Hi-Nicalon multifilament tows (500 fibers), minicomposites Hi-Nicalon/type PyC/SiC and Hi-Nicalon/type PyC/B4C was investigated in static fatigue, in air, at high temperatures (900°C – 1300°C) using specific and innovative devices. Static fatigue tests with measure of strain were performed on these materials. The experimental results (lifetime, strain, tensile behavior) have helped to understand and model the mechanisms responsible for the delayed failure at the different scales: - Hi-Nicalon tows rupture is caused by subcritical crack growth mechanism activated by oxidation of free carbon in the fibres. This phenomenon is disrupted by fast oxide SiO2 formation over 900°C: subcritical crack growth kinetic slows down for low stresses because of protective oxide formation which prevents the cracks from oxygen; For high stresses, the lifetime of Hi-Nicalon tows is weaker because of fibers interactions (fiber-oxide-fiber). At last, creep seems to cause the rupture of the tows for stresses over 200 MPa at 1200°C. - Hi-Nicalon/type PyC/SiC minicomposites break by subcritical crack growth slowed down by the SiC matrix and by the SiO2 formation which limit the access of the oxygen to the fibers. Creep occurs at 1200°C but it isn’t responsible of the rupture. - Hi-Nicalon/type PyC/B4C minicomposites break by subcritical crack growth slowed down by the formation of B2O3 oxide at 900°C for high stresses. The rupture is caused by the fast decrease of the diameter of the fibers at the other temperatures and for low stresses at 900°C. The oxidation kinetic of the fibers increases because of the dissolution of silica coating by B2O3 oxide. Analytical modeling was performed to schedule the lifetime of these materials and the variability of the experimental results is studied
Ionica, Irina. "Effet de champ et blocage de Coulomb dans des nanostructures de silicium élaborées par microscopie à force atomique." Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00097465.
Full textLes nanostructures sont réalisées par oxydation localisée sous la pointe d'un microscope à force atomique (AFM), sur des substrats silicium sur isolant (SOI) ultra-minces. Cette technique a été choisie pour sa souplesse, sa résolution (10nm), l'absence d'effet de proximité. Elle permet d'obtenir des nanostructures de quelques centaines de nm2 de section.
Tandis qu'à température ambiante le comportement électronique est semblable à celui d'un dispositif MOS/SOI, à basse température des oscillations de courant se superposent à l'effet de champ, pour dominer le transport en dessous de 70K. Ainsi, le transport électronique est dominé par le blocage de Coulomb, qui se traduit par des oscillations de courant, une loi d'activation en température de la conductance et des structures de type « diamant de Coulomb » dans la carte de courant en fonction des tensions de grille et de drain. Nous associons le blocage de Coulomb dans ces structures aux puits de potentiel créés par la présence de dopants à l'intérieur du nanofil. Pour les faibles dopages les nanofils se comportent comme de chaînes unidimensionnelles d'îlots en série, alors que pour les forts dopages leur comportement se modélise par des chaînes bidimensionnelles.
La technique originale de nanofabrication utilisée permet la réalisation de nanostructures de test en vue d'explorer les mécanismes de conduction dans le silicium nanostructuré.