Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nanotubes de carbone individuels'
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Michel, Thierry. "Propriétés physiques des nanotubes de carbone individuels." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20215.
Full textGandil, Morgane. "Propriétés magnéto-optiques de nanotubes de carbone individuels suspendus." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0647/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the experimental study of the intrinsic magneto-optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes through time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Measurements are performed on suspended nanotubes samples at the single-object level using a home-built confocal optical microscope with a large numerical aperture (NA = 0.95) operating at cryogenic temperature (down to 2K) and high magnetic field (up to 7T). The evolution of the photoluminescence spectra and decay signals with increasing magnetic fields shows the influence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect on the two lowest-energy singlet excitons, namely the ground exciton which is optically inactive (dark exciton) and an exciton lying a few millielectron volts higher in energy which is optically active (bright exciton). A model of these results based on rate equations and including the Aharonov-Bohm coupling between these two excitons enables to determine separately the excitons lifetimes and to derive quantitative information on the energy relaxation from the photo-excited higher levels. The energy relaxation following the photo-excitation of the S22 transition leads to a bright state population efficiency four times lower than that of the dark state, but it significantly increases when energy relaxation occurs from the KK’ excitonic levels. Thanks to a good signal to noise ratio, the photoluminescence spectra also reveal the presence of an intrinsic zero-field coupling between the dark and the brightexcitons, as well as an excitonic mobility preserved at liquid helium temperature in suspended nanotubes
Paillet, Matthieu. "Synthèse et propriétés physiques de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets individuels." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20023.
Full textSalem, Diana. "Synthèse de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets individuels et composites modèles polymères - nanotubes de carbone : application à l'effet photovoltaïque." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719414.
Full textSalem, Diana. "Synthèse de nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets individuels et composites modèles polymères - nanotubes de carbone : application à l’effet photovoltaïque." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE001/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop composite materials carbon nanotubes/polymers to take advantage of properties of carbon nanotubes at macroscopic scale. To get such materials, homogeneous functionalization between carbon nanotubes and polymers is required, carbon nanotubes must be individual with the same chemical reactivity, therefore the same diameter. Thus, they must be synthesized by CVD from monodispersed and supported catalyst nanoparticles. In the first part, we developed a new universal method for the synthesis of metal oxide supported nanoparticles. We mainly detailed the synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles with size distribution of 1.1 ± 0.3 nm. In the second part, after studying the thermal stability of these nanoparticles, we used them to catalyze the growth of individual single wall carbon nanotubes by CVD. The caracterisation of the obtained nanotubes by Raman show exceptionally narrow diameter distribution of 1.27 ± 0.15 nm. In the third section, we first studied the dispersion of carbon nanotubes by noncovalent functionalization withhydro-soluble polymer POE with pyrene as end group and revealed depletion phenomena that limit the solubilization of nanotubes. Then we developed composite materials carbon nanotubes/rrP3HT by covalent and noncovalent functionalisation and we studied the efficiency of charge separation in both cases of functionalization
Caillier, Christophe. "Transport électronique dans les nanotubes de carbone individuels sous conditions extrêmes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454234.
Full textThan, Xuan Tinh. "Croissance catalytique et étude de nanotubes de carbone multi-feuillets produits en masse et de nanotubes de carbone ultra-long individuels à quelques feuillets." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20110/document.
Full textCatalytic growth and study of mass-produced multi-walled carbon nanotubes and ultralong individual few-walled carbon nanotubesAbstract: This experimental work deals with the growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ultralong carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD), and the study of their physical properties. In the first part of the manuscript is described the parameter optimization of the CCVD growth of MWCNTs for a large-scale production at low cost. By using acetylene as a carbon source, Fe(NO3)3.9H2O as a precursor catalyst and CaCO3 as a catalyst support, we report on optimized growth conditions allowing the production of 525 g of MWCNTs per day at an estimated cost of 0.6 $ per gramme. The purification of the as-grown MWCNTs by oxygen or carbon dioxide treatments is also presented. In the second part is presented the synthesis of ultralong individual CNTs. The influence of the growth parameters is investigated and based on the experimental observations, the possible growth mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the last part of the thesis is dedicated to the preparation and to the study of the physical properties of ultralong individual carbon nanotubes. From the know-how developed in the previous part, we prepared well-aligned ultralong CNTs, cross junction of CNTs (on a substrate or suspended) and suspended CNTs over different supports. Electronic and electron transport properties of the individual ultralong CNTs on silicon substrate are then studied by atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and transport measurements. Finally, the Raman-active phonons of suspended individual CNTs were investigated in combined experiments by transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Keywords: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, ultralong carbon nanotubes, catalytic chemical vapor deposition, growth mechanism, lithography, resonant Raman spectroscopy, electronic transport
Marchand, Mickaël. "Synthèse in-situ et caractérisation de nanotubes de carbone individuels sous émission de champ." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466604.
Full textJaffiol, Rodolphe. "Spectroscopie optique de nano-objets individuels." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112223.
Full textSingle nanoobjects were studied by hyperspectral optical imaging, which associates a scanning confocal microscope with an optical spectroscopy unit. We choose to perform fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. At room temperature, such spectroscopic approach has proven to be well adapted to study two different nanoobjects, as single molecules and carbon nanotubes. Our Raman imaging set-up is an efficient tool to localize different chemical species in a sample. Thus, we recorded the first Raman spectra of new carbon species, single wall carbon nanotubes which encapsulated several perylene molecules or dimetallofullernes (peapods). For peapods, we demonstrate from Raman spectre a charge transfer process between the nanotubes and the metallofullerenes, and in many cases their polymerization inside the tubes. Metallic nanostructured surfaces are usually required in this kind of experiments. In fact, we observed an enhancement of the Raman scattering with these surfaces, high enough to record the Raman scattering from a single nanoobject in few seconds. Also, they improve the spatial selection of the confocal microscope, that permit the selection of single nanoobjects. In this way, we studied single molecules and single carbone nanotubes. Then, I bring out some characteristics of the enhancement process. In particular, this enhancement is only efficient at the vicinity of the nanostructure. The surface morphology of the nanostructure must also exhibit some protrusions, or interstices
Berciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absoption de nano-objets individuels: nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123471.
Full textHétérodyne (PHI). Cette nouvelle méthode optique en champ lointain permet de détecter une
grande variété de nano-objets individuels absorbants (nanoparticules métalliques jusqu'à 1.4 nm
de diamètre, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, nanotubes de carbone métalliques et semiconducteurs,.
. .), sur un fond « noir », avec un très bon rapport signal à bruit. Le signal photothermique
a été caractérisé expérimentalement sur des nanoparticules d'or individuelles. Les mesures obtenues
sont comparées à des calculs analytiques issus d'un modèle électrodynamique. Etant donné
que ce signal est directement proportionnel à la puissance absorbée, la méthode PHI ouvre la
voie à des expériences de spectroscopie d'absorption à l'échelle du nano-objet individuel. Dans
un premier temps, nous avons sondé la résonance plasmon de surface de nanoparticules d'or
individuelles de 5 à 33 nm de diamètre. Cette étude a abouti à l'observation d'effets de taille
intrinsèques, analysés dans le cadre de la théorie de Mie. Nous avons ensuite mesuré les spectres
d'absorption de nanocristaux individuels de CdSe en régime multiexcitonique. Pour un même
nanocristal, la comparaison des spectres d'absorption photothermique et d'émission permet de
discuter l'origine physique du signal photothermique. Enfin, nous avons caractérisé la structure
de nanotubes de carbone semiconducteurs et métalliques individuels en analysant leurs spectres
d'absorption autour de leurs premières résonances optiques.
Berciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absorption de nano-objets individuels : nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13278.
Full textOudjedi, Laura. "Méthodes d’absorption pour la microscopie de nano-objets Individuels." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14729/document.
Full textAbsorption methods can overcome the limited photostability of luminescent nano-objects and allow for detection of non-luminescent ones, making it a desirable alternative to commonly used fluorescence microscopy for single particle detection. During this project, we optimized the sensitivity of existing absorption based methods and developed their use for quantitative applications. Photothermal heterodyne microscopy is a highly sensitive, “background-free” detection method that can be applied to a large variety of individual absorbing nano-objects. We implement a new version of this technique that enhances the photothermal response of single gold nanoparticles by using a phase transition in their surrounding environment. Compared to a standard medium, we demonstrate a 10 fold enhancement of the signal to noise ratio. On the other hand, for measurement of the absorption cross section of small, and high aspect ratio nano-objects, such as carbon nanotubes, direct detection is more quantitative. In pursuit of this goal, we developed an optimized modulated absorption method and used it to directly measure the absolute absorption cross section of (6,5) carbon nanotubes for the first time. Finally, we set up a protocol to prepare ultrashort carbon nanotubes and sort them by length. As they exhibit strong optical resonances in the near infrared corresponding to a transparency window in biological tissues, they will be useful as photothermally detected biological probes. These nanotubes were characterized spectroscopically, and by optical and atomic force microscopy
Levshov, Dmitry. "Raman modes in index-identified individual single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023001.
Full textBlancon, Jean-Christophe. "Optical absorption and electronic properties of individual carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10164/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we report on the experimental investigation of the optical properties of single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. Despite numerous studies performed using photoluminescence or Raman and Rayleigh scattering, knowledge of their optical response is still partial. In particular direct quantitative measurement of their absorption cross-section has not been achieved yet. Using spatial modulation spectroscopy we have determined, over a broad optical spectral range, the spectrum and amplitude of the absorption cross-section of identified individual single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. These quantitative measurements permit the determination of the oscillator strength of the different excitonic resonances. Furthermore, investigation of the same nanotube, either a single-wall or double-wall nanotube, freestanding or deposited on a substrate shows large broadening with increase of oscillator strength of the excitonic resonances, as well as stark weakening of polarization dependent antenna effects, due to nanotube-substrate interaction. Similar study on nanotube bundles and double-wall nanotubes demonstrate the importance of inter-tube and inter-wall exciton coupling effects which seem to be of different nature in these two types of sample. The second part of this thesis studies electrical transport in carbon nanotube bundles under high pressure condition and low temperature. The behavior of nanotubebased field-effect transistors has been investigated, in the classical and Coulomb blockade regime, under gas-pressure up to 0.9 GPa. Overall, this dissertation communicates on the quantitative analysis of the absorption and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and how they are influenced by various environmental effects such as dielectric screening, stress induced strain, hydrostatic pressure, or chemical doping. The novelty of this work is to address these issues at the single nanotube level
Tran, Huy Nam. "Raman scattering and optical spectroscopies of individual pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS150/document.
Full textThis work concerns the study of mono- and double-walled carbon nanotubes. It contains two distinct parts: (i) the first part is devoted to the understanding of the intrinsic optical and phonon properties of individual carbon nanotubes; (ii) the second part reports an experimental investigation of the properties of covalently and non-covalently functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes. Concerning the study of the intrinsic properties of the individual carbon nanotubes, new information was obtained by coupling Raman spectroscopy data, including the measurement of the excitation profiles of different Raman-active modes, with optical absorption and electronic diffraction data. From a general point of view, our approach put in evidence the complementarity of the Raman spectroscopy and electronic diffraction for “the most probable” assignment of the structure of the nanotubes.Among the results obtained on individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), one can underline the confirmation of the excitonic character of the optical transitions by combining optical absorption and Raman excitation profiles on the same nanotubes, and the evidence of an unexpected behavior of the relative intensities of the LO and TO components of the G-modes. The study of the index-identified individual double-walled carbon nanotubes has permitted to understand the role of the inter-walls distance in the frequency shifts of the radial breathing-like modes (RBLM) and G-modes, by associating a given inter-walls distance to a negative (positive) internal pressure when this distance is larger (smaller) than 0.34 nm. On the other hand, the role of quantum interferences in the evolution with the excitation energy of the intensities of the LO and TO components of the G-modes was clearly identified. Finally, the assignment of the optical transitions, measured by absorption spectroscopy, of index-identified DWNTs was proposed.The study of the properties of functionalized DWNTs was performed by combining Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible-NIR absorption and photoluminescence (PL), including maps of photoluminescence excitation (PLE), on suspensions of DWNTs before and after functionalization: (i) covalently by using diazonium, (ii) covalently and non-covalently (pi-stacking) by using dye molecules. This work is a contribution to the debate on an essential question for the use of the DWNTs in opto-electronic devices, namely: “Do the DWNTs they luminesce? And if yes, what is the origin of the luminescence?". The presence of photoluminescence in our samples of DWNTs was established, and the study of its evolution with various kinds and degrees of functionalization states that PL can only result from inner tubes (intrinsic PL of DWNTs), or from SWNTs generated by the extrusion of the internal tubes of DWNTs during the preparation of the suspensions. On the other hand, one must emphasize the evidence of an energy transfer from the dye molecules towards the internal tube when such molecules are covalently grafted on the outer tube
Danné, Noémie. "Etude de la structure nanométrique et de la viscosité locale de l’espace extracellulaire du cerveau par microscopie de fluorescence de nanotubes de carbone uniques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0199/document.
Full textThe brain is mainly composed of neurons which ensure neuronal communication and glialcells which play a role in supporting and protecting the neural network. The extracellular space corresponds to the space that exists between all these cells and represents around 20 %of the whole brain volume. In this space, neurotransmitters and other molecules circulate into ensure optimal neuronal functioning and communication. Its complex organization whichis important to ensure proper functioning of the brain changes during aging, learning or neurodegenerative diseases. However, its local dimensions and viscosity are still poorly known.To understand these key parameters, in this thesis, we developed a strategy based on the tracking of single luminescent carbon nanotubes. We applied this strategy to measure the structural and viscous properties of the extracellular space of living rodent brains slices at the nanoscale. The organization of the manuscript is as follows. After an introduction of the photoluminescence properties of carbon nanotubes, we present the study that allowed us to select the optimal nanotube encapsulation protocol to achieve our biological applications. We also present a quantitative study describing the temperature increase of the sample when laser irradiations at different wavelengths are used to detect single nanotubes in a brain slice.Thanks to a fine analysis of the singular diffusion properties of carbon nanotubes in complex environments, we then present the strategy set up to reconstruct super-resolved maps (i.e. with resolution below the diffraction limit) of the brain extracellular space morphology.We also show that two local properties of this space can be extracted : a structural complexity parameter (tortuosity) and the fluid’s in situ viscosity seen by the nanotubes. This led us to propose a methodology allowing to model the viscosity in situ that would be seen, not by the nanotubes,but by any molecule of arbitrary sizes to simulate those intrinsically present or administered in the brain for pharmacological treatments. Finally, we present a strategy to make luminescent ultra-short carbon nanotubes that are not intrinsically luminescent and whose use could be a complementary approach to measure the local viscosity of the extracellular space of the brain
Eberhardt, Oliver, and Thomas Wallmersperger. "Molecular mechanics methods for individual carbon nanotubes and nanotube assemblies." SPIE, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35032.
Full textOhno, Yutaka, Shigeru Kishimoto, Takashi Mizutani, Toshiya Okazaki, and Hisanori Shinohara. "Chirality assignment of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors by micro-photocurrent spectroscopy." American Institute of Physics, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7002.
Full textKim, Soohyung. "Transplanting assembly of individual carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46623.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 185-192).
Handling and assembling individual nanostructures to bigger scale systems such as MEMS have been the biggest challenge. A deterministic assembly of individual carbon nanotubes by transplanting them to MEMS structures is demonstrated with a new assembly method, "transplanting assembly." This thesis describes development of a novel assembly technique by transforming individual CNTs assemblable, which enables manual, parallel or automated assembly of individual CNTs in a deterministic way. The key idea of transplanting assembly is to grow individual CNT strands on a substrate at optimal growth conditions, to encapsulate individual CNTs into micro-scale carrier blocks and to transplant them to the target locations. This new assembly method enables products such as CNT-tipped AFM probes in a predictable and repeatable manner. The major research topics discussed in this thesis are: (1) the methods to grow vertically aligned single strand CNTs at predefined locations, (2) the encapsulation method to preserve/control the orientation/exposed length of an individual CNT during transplanting, and (3) the assembly scheme to locate/release an individual CNT at the target location. An array of CNTs was grown from the nickel nano-dots, which were defined on Si substrates using electron-beam lithography followed by metal deposition and lift-off processes. Each CNT strand was embedded into a MEMS scale polymer block which serves as a CNT carrier. A double polymeric layer encapsulation was designed and implemented: the top SU-8 forms the body of the carrier while the bottom PMGI layer holds the body until the release of the carrier from the substrate and then is going to be removed to expose the CNT tip with a predefined length. A model was developed to predict mechanical behavior of individual CNTs under the flow of liquid polymers. Manual assembly of a polymer block to the end of a tipless AFM cantilever forms a CNT-tipped AFM probe, which can be accomplished in minutes without laborious weeding, trimming and welding process. The AFM scanning results confirmed the CNTtipped AFM probe's much improved imaging performance and potential for scanning soft biological samples at nanometer resolutions.
by Soohyimg Kim.
Ph.D.
Wong, Chi-yan. "Electronic characterization of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557042.
Full textWong, Chi-yan, and 王志仁. "Electronic characterization of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557042.
Full textYang, Yang. "Electronic devices based on individual single wall carbon nanotubes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708116.
Full textStrain, Kirsten Margaret. "Nanodeposition and plasmonically enhanced Raman spectroscopy on individual carbon nanotubes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8991.
Full textVoisin, Christophe. "Propriétés Optiques des Nanotubes de Carbone." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430590.
Full textNoury, Adrien. "Photonique hybride des nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112199/document.
Full textOn-chip optical communication may increase drastically performances and consumption of communication systems. Indeed, optical channels do not face limitations that metallics interconnects do. Even better would be the achievable data rate due to the multiplexing possibility in optics. In order to keep compatibility with electronic devices, optical components and interconnects should be built in silicon. However, this material is not suitable for some optical function, such as laser sources. Thus, there is a need to integrate alternative materials to compensate for silicon weaknesses. My PhD work focuses on integration of carbon nanotube on silicon for photonics applications. In this work, potential use of carbon nanotube for light emission function is investigated. First, I will propose clue to understand the appearance of optical gain in semiconducting carbon nanotube. Such investigation is done by mean of pump-probe experiments, where the excitons lifetimes are measured. Those lifetimes slightly increase while centrifugation time and speed is increased, during the extraction process. A possible explanation is that defect-free carbon nanotubes are selected by the centrifugation process. In parallel, I worked on designing an efficient method to couple nanotubes photoluminescence with silicon waveguides. This method appears to be quite robust, and allows to observe coupling between the nanotube photoluminescence and the optical mode of the waveguide. In order to obtain a more intense interaction between the optical mode and carbon nanotubes, I investigated the coupling between carbon nanotubes and several photonic cavities, including microdisks, Fabry-Pérot cavities and ring resonators. Specifically, ring resonators allow to measure the photoluminescence of carbon nanotube structured by the resonant modes. Several configurations are studied to understand more in-depth the coupling mechanisms: micro-photoluminescence, guided photoluminescence and integrated photoluminescence
Donck, Simon. "Catalyse supportée sur nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS042/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the catalysis supported on carbon nanotubes. Several aspects have been studied such as electrocatalysis for hydrogen production form water, catalysis for organic synthesis and electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction. Many different catalysts have been synthesized based on supramolecular assembly of amphiphilic molecules around carbon nanotubes or assembly of polyaromatic molecules at the surface of the nanotubes. These catalysts are made of metallic complexes or metallic nanoparticles. These catalysts have been successfully used to perform the reactions mentioned above
Baillergeau, Matthieu. "Dynamique térahertz des nanotubes de carbone." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066464/document.
Full textIn the last ten years, research has been devoted to the development of hybrid architecture mesoscopic circuit to study the ligh-matter interaction in the microwaves range. These improvements allow us to study this interaction in the terahertz range extending from 0.1 THz to 10 THz (0.4 meV - 41.3 meV). Moreover, new efficient sources and new spectroscopy schemes like time domain spectroscopy set-up are some tools that can be used to study the light-matter interaction in this range. In this work, we developed a paradigm to study the interaction in the fundamental aspect composed of a carbon nanotube in a quantum dot regime embedded in a terahertz cavity. Carbon nanotube quantum dot is well adapted because of its electronic levels which are separated by energy in the terahertz range. The cavity used for the study is a "split ring resonator". This thesis is decomposed in two parts. Firstly, we built an ultrabroadband terahertz time domain spectroscopy set-up (0.3 THz -20 THz) to study the terahertz resonators. We demonstrated that the terahertz field is focused at the diffraction limit by exciting the antenna with an original scheme based on a control wavefront. Then, electronic transport measurements have been done to highlight the coupling between the cavity and the quantum dot. A coupling with a bosonic mode is observed. The conductance of these states is modified by the source that we used in this work. However, the energy of the observed mode is lower than the fundamental energy mode of the cavity that do not allow us to conclude about the origin of this mode
Gaufrès, Etienne. "Photonique des nanotubes de carbone sur silicium." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112215.
Full textSemiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNT) have recently attracted a lot of interest due to their tunable direct band gap, making them first-rate candidate for new optoelectronic and photonic applications at telecom wavelengths. Ln this focus, the thesis main objective was the semiconducting carbon nanotubes optical properties study as a function of environment, especially the presence of metallic nanotubes. The selective extraction of semiconducting nanotubes, performed in collaboration with AIST Tsukuba in Japan, leads to an enhancement of nanotubes' light emission and reduce optical losses. Moreover, evidences of optical gain in (8,6) et (8,7) s-SWNT were observed in highly purified semiconducting carbon nanotubes sample. Ln a second time, the optical interaction between silicon based nanostructures and carbon nanotubes as an active material was studied and the coupling of the photoluminescence into a waveguide was experimentally demonstrated. This work paves the way towards the realization of an integrated ligth source based on carbon nanotubes and on the long run, towards carbon nanotube photonics
Gaufrès, Étienne. "Photonique des nanotubes de carbone sur silicium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769727.
Full textWang, Zhao. "Propriétés Electro-mécaniques des Nanotubes de Carbone." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352725.
Full textNous modélisons ensuite, de façon atomistique, la distribution surfacique de charge électrique sur des nanotubes de carbone possédant une charge nette. Nous retrouvons notamment l'effet de pointe classique avec un très bon accord quantitatif avec des résultats expérimentaux obtenus par microscopie à force électrostatique.
Par combinaison des méthodes utilisées dans les études précédentes, nous simulons la déflection de nanotubes semi-conducteurs et métalliques par un champ électrique extérieur, dans une configuration de type interrupteur moléculaire. L'effet des caractéristiques géométriques des tubes et du champ sur cette déflection ont été systématiquement étudiés.
En outre, nous avons vu que des simulations de dynamique moléculaire avec le potentiel AIREBO permettent de retrouver quantitativement les énergies expérimentales d'adsorption du benzène, du naphtalène et d'anthracène sur le graphite. Ce type de simulation nous permet d'avancer sur la voie de la compréhension de la sélectivité de l'adsorption de certaines molécules surfactantes à plusieurs cycles benzéniques sur des nanotubes de chiralité donnée.
Lefevre, Roland. "Propriétés électromécaniques des nanotubes de carbone multiparois." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012207.
Full textNous avons développé un modèle théorique pour décrire la déflexion d'un nanotube de carbone suspendu soumis à une force d'attraction électrostatique. Notre modèle montre qu'il existe une loi d'échelle reliant la déflexion électrostatique aux paramètres géométriques, électriques, et physiques des NEMS à base de NTC. Ce résultat constitue, en soi, un outil de dimensionnement pour la conception de ces dispositifs, car il permet de prédire leur comportement électromécanique sur une « large » gamme de paramètres opérationnels.
Parallèlement, nous avons mis au point des procédés de fabrication pour réaliser des nanostructures intégrant un NTC suspendu actionnable électrostatiquement. Parmi ces différentes structures, la plus simple a été utilisée pour sonder les propriétés électromécaniques des NTC multiparois. Nous avons développé une méthode basée sur l'utilisation d'un microscope à force atomique pour mesurer la déflexion en fonction de la tension électrique d'actionnement. Les résultats de ces mesures, pour différents NTC (différents diamètre et longueur), montrent clairement, et sans paramètre ajustable, l'existence de la loi d'échelle prédite par notre modèle théorique. À partir de ces mesures, nous avons extrait le module d'Young des NTC. Pour des diamètres inférieurs à 30 nm, celui-ci est constant et vaut en moyenne 400 GPa. Au-delà, nous observons une forte diminution qui pourrait s'expliquer par l'entrée dans un régime de déformation non-linéaire.
Enfin, nous montrons la réalisation d'un interrupteur électromécanique à base de NTC qui présente de bonnes caractéristiques de commutation.
Chauveau, Vanessa. "Le pouvoir lubrifiant des nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601121.
Full textWang, Zhao. "Propriétés électro-mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2066.
Full textThis thesis aimed at modeling the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in electric fields. We first used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the AIREBO potential to study the non- linear elasticity and the torsion strength of CNTs as a function of their length, radius and helicity. We find for example, that the effective Young's modulus of a CNT decreases with a steeper slope for smaller helicities. Also, the ultimate value of the deformation energy that can be stored in CNTs is found to increase with smaller radii. Then, we modeled the distribution of electric charges on carbon nanotubes carrying a net charge. An atomic charge-dipole model regularized by convolution with a Gaussian is used. Extrapolation of our theoretical results agree quantitatively with experimental results from electrostatic force microscopy experiments. We also combined the methods used in both previous parts to simulate the deformation of nanotubes in electric fields. We demonstrate the influence of the external field, the geometry of the tube and the property of electronic transport of the tube on the electrostatic deformation. Finally, we checked that MD simulations with the AIREBO potential agree quantitatively with experiment results for the absorption of benzene, naphthalene or anthracene on graphite. We then studied the physisorption of surfactants with several benzene rings on CNTs in order to assess their efficiency for the select ion of CNTs according to their diameter or chirality
Jourdain, Vincent. "Croissance catalytique séquentielle de nanotubes de carbone." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20146.
Full textJOUGUELET, ERIC. "Proprietes electroniques des nanotubes de carbone monofeuillets." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13223.
Full textLefèvre, Roland. "Propriétés électromécaniques des nanotubes de carbone multiparois." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012207.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we tackled theoretically and experimentally the problem of designing nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Furthermore, we applied our know-how to perform components like switches. We developed a theoretical model to describe the deflection of a suspended MWCNT stressed by an attractive electrostatic force. Our model highlights a scaling law linking up the electrostatic deflection, geometrical, electrical and physical parameters of MWCNTs based NEMS. This result constitutes a practical designing tool because it predicts their electromechanical behaviour on a "large" range of operational parameters. At the same time, we developed several processes to fabricate nanostructures incorporating a suspended MWCNT electrostatically Actuated. Among these different structures, the simplest was used to develop a method for probing electromechanical properties of MWCNTs. Our method is based on atomic force microscopy measurements on a doubly clamped suspended MWCNT electrostatically deflected by a drive voltage. These measurements show clearly for different MWCNTs (different diameter and length) the existence of such scaling law in agreement with the continuum model prediction. From these results, we extracted the Young's modulus of MWCNTs. For diameters smaller than 30 nm it is constant and its average value equals 400 GPa. Above, we observed a strong decrease that could be explained by the entry in a non-linear regime of deformation. Finally, we show the realization of an electromechanical switch based on a suspended MWCNT which presents good switching behaviour
Elgrabli, Dan. "Toxicité et pharmacocinétique des nanotubes de carbone." Paris 7, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347713.
Full textConstituted only by carbon atoms, carnon nanotubes (CNT) are hydrophobic and hardly détectable in biological tissues. These properties make biokinetics and toxicology studies more complex. In this work, we propose to study the toxicological effect of a multi walled CNT (MWCNT) and a method to investigate the biopersistance of CNT in organism, based on detection of nickel, a metallic impurity present in the MWCNT we investigated. Our results, in rats that received 100 fig of MWCNT by a unique intratracheal instillation, reveal mat MWCNT do not induce histopathological lesions, modifications of physiological pulmonary parameters and inflammation. Moreover, MWCNT do not significantly cross the pulmonary barrier and can be eliminated by a slow mechanism. Using electonic macroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, we showed that MWCNT may be cleaved and chemically modified in the lung. Analyses of MWCNT hing clearance mechanism lead us to propose a hypothesis based on the phagocytosis, apoptosis of alveolar macrophages, possible degradation of MWCNT by alveolar macrophages, and elimination of apoptotic cells
Benoit, Jean-Michel. "Transport et propriétés vibrationnelles des nanotubes de carbone et composites polymère - nanotubes." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2045.
Full textSchild, Jérémy. "Catalyseurs supportés sur nanotubes de carbone pour la production d’énergies bas carbone." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF021.
Full textThis thesis deals with the immobilization of molecular catalysts on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Different means have been used, using amphiphilic molecules containing a diacetylenic moiety and using polyaromatic amphiphilic molecules containing a pyrene moiety. These assemblies have been characterized by electrochemistry under different conditions in order to characterize the performances in hydrogen oxidation. The assembly using a polyaromatic moiety was then introduced as a complete fuel cell device with electrolyte to characterize the performance of it, with and without platinum. The results obtained are promising and allow a new vision of electrode optimization
Chai, Guangyu. "INDIVIDUAL CARBON NANOTUBE PROBES AND FIELD EMITTERS FABRICATION AND T." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3267.
Full textPh.D.
Department of Physics
Arts and Sciences
Physics
Vieux, Florent. "Qualité nutritionnelle et impact carbone des choix alimentaires individuels : le cas Français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5056.
Full textHealth and environment are, with economy and social concerns, two pillars of food sustainability whose compatibility is discussed. They can be estimated through nutritional quality and carbon footprint respectively. In this thesis, we propose to analyze the convergence between nutrition and environment by adopting two different approaches. First, we have estimated the effect of modifying individual food choices on diet-related carbon footprint. Second, by classifying the individuals based on the nutritional quality of their diet, we compared the diet-related carbon footprint among the classes of individuals. First, we have shown that changes in food choices may not be an efficient strategy for reducing the diet-related carbon footprint. Second, the level of carbon footprint did not differ much according to the nutritional quality of diets. A high quality diet even seems associated with a higher carbon footprint.The results lead to question the idea commonly found in the food and nutrition literature that there is a “natural” convergence between promotion of public health and environmental protection. Our approach is original because we have taken into account the variability of realistic individual food consumptions and we estimated the nutritional quality of diets with precision. This topic is a vast field of researches which has to be explored urgently
Elgrabli, Dan. "Toxicité et clairance pulmonaires des nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347713.
Full textBourlon, Bertrand. "Physique Interfeuillet dans les Nanotubes de Carbone Multifeuillets." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011132.
Full textizard, nicolas. "Nanotubes de Carbone : Systèmes pour la limitation optique." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007769.
Full textvers les hautes fréquences est mis en évidence lors de la mise en suspension. Ce décalage est attribué à une modification des interactions nanotubes-environnement.
L'étude des propriétés de limitation optique des suspensions de nanotubes constitue le coeur de ce travail de thèse. Nous avons étudié l'influence de la structure des nano-objets sur les performances de limitation optique, démontrant l'importance du diamètre des nano-objets, ainsi que l'effet de la structure
électronique des nanotubes. Nous avons amélioré les performances des suspensions en proposant et validant un nouveau concept : la combinaison de deux matériaux non-linéaires, nanotubes et absorbeurs à deux photons au sein de la même cellule. Le système ainsi conçu présente des propriétés de limitation optique
large bande, spectrale et temporelle, fortement améliorées dans le régime nanoseconde, se rapprochant des performances requises pour une application opérationnelle.
Lauret, Jean-Sébastien. "Etude des propriétés optiques des nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004218.
Full textDans un premier temps, la spectroscopie d'absorption a été utilisée comme un outil de caractérisation des différents échantillons. En effet, l'énergie de la transition entre la première paire de singularités de Van-Hove étant proportionnelle à l'inverse du diamètre, la spectroscopie d'absorption donne une mesure du diamètre moyen ainsi que de la largeur de la distribution en diamètre.
Nous avons étudié les conditions d'observation d'un signal de photoluminescence au niveau du gap des nanotubes semi-conducteurs. Pour observer ce signal, les nanotubes doivent être isolés, en les mettant convenablement en suspension par exemple. Les expériences de photoluminescence sélective en longueur d'onde ont montré que les structures observées dans les spectres peuvent être attribuées aux différentes chiralités présentes dans l'échantillon. Elles ont également permis d'évaluer la largeur homogène de la transition fondamentale (environ 20 meV). Enfin, la spectroscopie d'excitation de la photoluminescence a permis de déterminer la chiralité des différents nanotubes présents dans nos échantillons.
Dans un deuxième temps, la dynamique des porteurs de charge dans les nanotubes de carbone a été étudiée à l'aide d'expériences de type pompe-sonde. Cette étude réalisée sur des nanotubes déposés sur un substrat et agrégés en corde a montré l'existence d'un couplage tunnel entre les nanotubes semi-conducteurs et les nanotubes métalliques au sein d'une corde. L'existence de ce couplage ainsi que la brièveté des temps de relaxation (picoseconde) expliquent l'absence de signal de photoluminescence sur ce type d'échantillon. La comparaison faite avec les données obtenues sur les échantillons de nanotubes isolés montre une augmentation d'un ordre de grandeur des temps de relaxation, ce qui est en accord avec l'apparition d'un signal de photoluminescence observable sur ces échantillons. L'étude de la réponse non-linéaire hors résonance a mis en évidence la dynamique du plasmon de surface des nanotubes. Elle a également permis d'interpréter le fond d'absorption sur lequel sont superposées les raies dues aux transitions inter-bandes comme la queue basse énergie de la résonance plasmon de surface. Enfin, la susceptibilité non-linéaire d'ordre trois des nanotubes a pu être évaluée. La comparaison entre le facteur de mérite des nanotubes et celui d'autres matériaux étudiés en vue d'une application en optique non-linéaire a montré que les nanotubes de carbone semblent posséder des propriétés intéressantes pour ce type d'applications.
Michardière, Anne-Sophie. "Microélectrodes de nanotubes de carbone pour conversion d'énergie." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998377.
Full textMichardière, Anne-Sophie. "Microélectrodes de nanotubes de carbone pour conversion d’énergie." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14890/document.
Full textThis PhD work presents a new class of carbon nanotubes (NT) fibers microelectrodes. These fibers are produced by a wet spinning process which enables the inclusion of additives within the fibers in order to adapt their formulation. Thus, new microelectrodes for enzymatic biofuel cells that comprise bilirubin oxidase (BOD) have been realized in a one step process and enable a direct electron transfer process between the enzyme and NT at a high potential with a high reduction current. Furthermore, we also developed new NT microfibers including a small quantity of chemically crosslinked PVA for electrochemical actuators. They generate a large stress and a short response time when stimulated by a low voltage in an aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, the CNT mobility within these fibers is greatly reduced. The latter is present in any CNT actuator and induces creep and stress relaxation of these material prohibiting the possibility to obtain high actuating performances. The present results open routes towards the development of novel technologies for energy conversion potentially useful in micro-devices, biomedical applications and micro-robotics
Banoukepa, Gilles de Roméo. "Electrodes en nanotubes de carbone pour l’optoélectronique organique." Limoges, 2010. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a3c331df-e597-4150-8b2c-71d539f4c041/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4073.pdf.
Full textIn this work, we have investigated the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a potential replacement for the ITO (indium tin oxide) electrode in organic optoelectronic devices namely organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and solar cells. We used different electrode preparation techniques depending on the type of characterization to be performed. In the first method, the CNT solution was filtered then used to fabricate films which were dried and annealed in a vacuum oven. The resulting films exhibit good optical and electrical characteristics. For morphological studies, we have developed a new characterization method using Raman spectroscopy which allowed us to quantify the metallic CNTs into the transparent film. Our study has shown that CNT-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite films yield the best optoelectronic performance. Room temperature DC conductivity (σdc) of the single wall nanotube (SWNT)-based composite is 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of pristine PEDOT:PSS. To assess the performance of our optimized electrodes, with respect to electrical and optical characteristics in optoelectronic devices, we fabricated and characterized OLEDs. We demonstrated that the luminous efficiency is better than that of ITO-based devices and more suitable for flexible devices, which thus far proved to be a challenge with ITO
Bendiab, Nedjma. "Structure et vibrations des nanotubes de carbone intercalés." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20050.
Full textChancolon, Jérôme. "Remplissage des nanotubes de carbone : effet du confinement." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2068.
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