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1
KARA, SUKRAN. "Effects of wetting and compression/recovering time on the compressionalbehaviour of sanitary napkin layers." Industria Textila 72, no. 04 (September 1, 2021): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.04.1795.
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Sanitary napkins are technical textile products which are used by women. They are designed as layered structures to fulfil several end–use properties at the same time. One of the most important properties of sanitary napkins is absorption property and this is widely studied in the literature. On the other hand, formability and sensorial comfort of sanitary napkins are of great importance but they are ignored during scientific researches. During daily life, women sit or sleep for certain time intervals and their sanitary napkins are exposed to compressional forces. If the sanitary napkin will squeeze and not recover, this can result with poor sensorial comfort and low formability. Also, wetting of sanitary napkins during usage can worsen the compressional properties. Therefore in this study, effect of wetting and compression/recovering time on the compressional behaviours of sanitary napkins was evaluated. Study was focused on separate sanitary napkin layers in order to detect the most problematic layers. Two compression times and four recovering times were applied to samples for compression tests. Also, sanitary napkin layers were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, unit mass, thickness and bending measurements. According to results, top sheet layer was the most compressible layer in dry and wet states. This is expected to give a soft and resilience sense to the sanitary napkin. Absorbent layer was responsible for low compressibility of sanitary napkins under different compression/recovering times. Bending rigidity of absorbent layer was the highest in dry state but it exhibited a dramatic decrement after wetting
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Tendulkar, Mamata, Sushama Ambadekar, and K. J. Somaiya. "Profiling of Sanitary Napkin Materials for Effective Menstrual Waste Management." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2023): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2023.1210.004.
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Menstruation plays a crucial role in health and reproductive cycles of females. However, Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) poses significant challenges to many developing emerged in women's menstrual health and the environmental factors that influence it. This report represents the profiling of materials used during manufacturing of sanitary napkins to optimized practices required to manage and dispose menstrual waste effectively. Methodology: Various sanitary napkin brands were chosen based on popularity, affordability, and biodegradability. The selected brands were tested in accordance with the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) guidelines, using optimized procedures recommended by the textile committee. Around twenty-eight (n=28) napkins were tested for the same. Result: - The materials used for the top sheet, core absorbent material, and bottom sheet of each napkin were examined. Out of the 27 napkins tested, 12 napkins (35.71%) had natural fibre top sheets, 26 napkins (92.85%) had natural fiber absorbent materials, and all 27 napkins (100%) had synthetic bottoms. Conclusion: The majority of commonly used sanitary napkins are made of synthetic materials, and their absorbent gel components are not biodegradable. It is essential to explore alternative solutions for effectively managing this waste and promoting sustainable menstrual hygiene practices.
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Singh, Pratibha. "Exploration of Various Issues Associated with Sustainable use of Sanitary Napkins." Journal of Applied Science and Education (JASE) 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jase.v3i1.26.
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Sanitary napkins are layered designs, as they need to satisfy different end-use properties simultaneously. The most common issues with current napkins include leakage, odor, and the need for frequent change. To address these problems, a comprehensive survey was conducted among 500 women residing in two selected villages within the study area. The survey covered women's expectations of sanitary napkins, their perceptions of these products, performance characteristics, and the challenges encountered with existing sanitary napkins. In the initial segments of the overview, the expectations from sanitary napkins, perception of sanitary napkins, performance characteristics and the problems in current sanitary napkins were addressed. The findings indicated that women prioritize absorption properties such as leak-proofing and dryness, as well as an odorless and soft surface. The most desirable functional characteristic was antibacterial activity. There were notable differences in the expectations, selection factors, and issues reported by women across different age groups. The collected data was used to design a cost-effective sanitary napkin made up of more than 80% biodegradable materials, promoting sustainability in the production of sanitary napkins.
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Shaikh, Zakirhusain, Meely Panda, and Diksha Gaur. "Acceptability of low-priced, socially-marketed sanitary napkins amongst non-users of sanitary napkins in a slum population of Delhi." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191417.
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Background: Access to menstrual hygiene resources is a basic human and healthcare right. A substantial number of women in rural areas and urban slums do not use sanitary napkins due to its prohibitive cost and difficult access, leading to consequences like infections and the subsequent morbidity, school absenteeism and decreased social participation. The study explored the reasons for non-usage of sanitary napkins in an urban slum of Delhi. It was further studied if there would be a high acceptance if low-cost product was made available at health-centre.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done to assess the magnitude and reasons for not using sanitary napkins and acceptability of low-priced sanitary napkins provided through RHTC.Results: Most women (47%) do not use sanitary napkins because its price was perceived as high as against the benefit that can be accrued. Difficult in access to product purchase was the second important reason for non-usage. A low-priced sanitary napkin provided through RHTC was an acceptable solution to them.Conclusions: Increasing the accessibility of affordable sanitary napkins through health centers can increase in usage of sanitary napkins.
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Daulay, Anny Sartika, Minda Sari Lubis, and M. Teguh Sandika. "PENETAPAN KADAR KLORIN PADA BEBERAPA MERK PEMBALUT WANITA YANG ADA DI PASARAN DENGAN METODE IODOMETRI." JURNAL FARMANESIA 4, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jf.v4i2.2706.
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Sanitary napkin is a device product used by women during menstruation, sanitary napkins function to absorb blood from the vagina so that the blood that comes out does not interfere. Currently, there are many problems that arise in sanitary napkins, due to the presence of chlorine additives which function as an ingredient in the initial bleaching process of sanitary napkins. The purpose of this study was to identify the color reaction test, and to determine the chlorine content by iodometry method in sanitary napkins on the market. This research is an experimental study using a sample of sanitary napkins on the market. Sampling by random sampling (random). Determination of chlorine in sanitary napkins by testing qualitatively with a color reaction and quantitatively using the iodometric method.Based on the results of the study, it was found that of the 5 (five) samples used, 3 (three) positive samples contained chlorine, namely samples A, B and sample C. The chlorine content obtained in sample A was 0.0035%, sample B was 0.0014 % and sample C is 0.0027%. According to YLKI, the normal threshold for the use of chlorine in sanitary napkins is 5-55 ppm, so the samples tested still meet the stipulated conditions.
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Jaisar, Sachin, and Saurabh Agrawal. "Suitable Selection of Napkins in Hotel Industry for Sustainable Development." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 7, no. 3 (2019): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.731912.
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This paper deals with the greenhouse gases (GHG) estimated emission from the napkins used in a hotel industry along with the selection of transportation mode vehicle (diesel or petrol vehicle). This study helps us to find whether a reusable or disposable napkin should be used to make a lesser GHG impact on environment. In the present scenario, most hotels are using paper napkins because they are light weighted, cheap and hygienic. The fact, that the relevant data is scattered, and is not available in literature and databases, compelled the data, to be acquired from various sources like journal articles and online blogs with few assumptions. Some critical data that has been collected is mainly from U.S and may vary when applied in India. A hypothetical assumption is used to derive the final conclusion. Cost is calculated for both the napkins associated with their mode of transportation per year. Finally, this paper suggests that reusable napkins should be used to deplete the rate of GHG emission.
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Puspita, Ayu, Septian Mugi Rahayu, and Amelia Excoelsa. "Hubungan Pengetahuan Siswi dengan Minat dalam Pemilihan Pembalut Kain." Jurnal Surya Medika 7, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i1.2629.
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Sanitary napkins during menstruation are the main requirement. According to research, disposable sanitary napkins currently used are carcinogenic and contain harmful substances that can cause dangerous diseases for the reproductive organs. The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between student knowledge and interest in the selection of cloth sanitary napkins. The design of this study used a literature review design. Articles are collected using search engines such as EBSCO, Sciencedirect, Proquest, and Google Scholar. The criteria for the articles used were those published in 2019 and 2020. Based on the articles collected, it was found that there was a relationship between knowledge and interest. According to the researchers, this happened because these three studies had the same subject characteristics. The research respondents were women who had experienced menstruation and the similarity of research in choosing the right and safe, sanitary napkins for women's reproductive health. A woman is expected to be able to choose the right sanitary napkin. Mistakes in choosing pads can result in skin irritation, allergies, skin diseases, and infections. The choice of sanitary napkins is also adjusted to the activities a woman will do.
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Sinha, Smita. "Adolescent Health-Tackling Menstrual Hygiene Issue through Social Marketing of Sanitary Napkins Scheme: An Evaluation Study from Haryana." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 47, no. 3 (2013): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1069.
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ABSTRACT Background and objectives Menstrual hygiene is far from satisfactory among a large proportion of Indian women. To overcome the barriers for using sanitary napkins among rural women in Haryana, a social marketing scheme was launched. As the program is in nascent stage of implementation the factors influencing it need to be evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the stakeholder's perspectives and factors influencing this scheme. Materials and methods We carried out a qualitative study during April’ 2011 in Lalpur, Naraingarh, Ambala, Northern India. The experience and opinion of rural girls, women, ANM, ASHA and Sakshar Mahila Samooh (SMS) members were elicited during 10 in-depth interviews and four FGDs. Results Majority of women were motivated to use sanitary napkins. They perceived that use of sanitary napkin was beneficial for them. The grass root workers involved in production work of sanitary napkins were disappointed with irregular flow of funds. The other stakeholders in the community were not actively involved in the implementation of this scheme. Conclusion To conclude, there is a huge marketing potential of low cost sanitary napkins in this rural area of Haryana. The program needs to actively involve various stakeholders and to ensure regular flow of fund. How to cite this article Sinha S, Singh A. Adolescent Health-Tackling Menstrual Hygiene Issue through Social Marketing of Sanitary Napkins Scheme: An Evaluation study from Haryana J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(3):127-130.
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CULFA, Gizem, Esin SARIOĞLU, Mehmet DAŞDEMİR, Ebru ÇELİKTEN, and Tülin KAYA NACARKAHYA. "INVESTIGATION OF FLUID DISTRIBUTION AND REWET PERFORMANCE WITH THE USE OF DIFFERENT INNER LAYER DESIGN AND TOP SHEETS IN SANITARY NAPKINS." Tekstil ve Mühendis 29, no. 128 (December 30, 2022): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7216/teksmuh.1222535.
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Disposable hygienic products are classified as technical textile products and are used intensively in the field of medical textiles. As a hygienic textile product, a sanitary napkin consists of a top sheet, an inner layer (Acquisition Distribution Layer (ADL) and a core of Pulp/Superabsorbent mixture), and a back sheet. Nonwovens are commonly used in the production of these components. The most important factors to consider in new product design are rapid absorption of menstrual fluid, comfort, and also price. In this context, although there is a cost restriction on sanitary napkins, it is clear that the use of different new raw materials and methods will improve their performance characteristics. In this study, a new designed airlaid composite nonwoven combined with synthetic fiber and wood pulp was used as the inner layer of a sanitary napkin without the core. In addition, four different top sheet types were used in the sanitary napkin design. Liquid strike through time, rewet, and menstrual fluid diffusion of the samples were determined, to compare the performance of sanitary napkins with core and without the core. It was concluded that the inner layer design has a significant effect on the liquid strike through time and menstrual fluid diffusion properties. It has been revealed that the menstrual fluid diffusion value of airlaid composite nonwoven sanitary napkins is higher than the ADL+core inner layer. In addition, it was concluded that the top sheet type did not have a statistically significant effect on liquid strike through and rewet properties.
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Devianti, Vika Ayu, and Cicik Herlina Yulianti. "Identifikasi dan Penetapan Kadar Klorin Dalam Pembalut Wanita yang Beredar di Kelurahan Ketintang dengan Metode Titrasi Iodimetri." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 3, no. 1 (January 7, 2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v3i1.67.
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ABSTRAKPembalut wanita adalah produk yang berbentuk lembaran/pad terbuat dari bahan selulosa/sintetik yang digunakan untuk menyerap cairan menstruasi atau cairan dari vagina, namun terdapat pembalut yang menggunakan bubur kertas dalam proses pembuatannya. Bubur kertas merupakan hasil limbah kertas, karton dan kardus melalui proses daur ulang yang mengalami proses pemutihan menggunakan klorin (Cl2). Pembalut yang mengandung klorin beresiko tinggi terhadap kesehatan reproduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan kadar klorin pada beberapa merk pembalut wanita yang beredar di Kelurahan Ketintang, Kota Surabaya menggunakan metode titrasi iodimetri. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental. Sampel penelitian adalah 5 (lima) pembalut wanita lalu diuji di laboratorium Kimia Akademi Farmasi Surabaya dengan metode Titrasi Iodimetri. Hasil uji kualitatif dari 5 sampel hanya terdapat 1 sampel yang positif mengandung klorin. Sampel yang positif dilanjutkan dengan uji kuantitatif dan diperoleh kadar klorin sebesar 0,37 ppm.Kata kunci: Pembalut, Klorin, Titrasi IodimetriABSTRACTThe sanitary napkin is made from pulp as its main ingredient, which in the production process using bleach pads, one of which is chlorine. Chlorine is high chemical which has a high oxide potential that can be used as a bleaching agent and disinfectant (eliminating germ). Chlorine in sanitary napkins is at high risk for reproductive health. This research was conducted to analyze and determine chlorine level in sanitary napkin with color reaction test and iodometry titration method. According to the minister of Health RI Regulation No. 492 / MENKES / PER / IV / 2010 regarding drinking water quality requirement that is maximum drinking water chlorine 5 ppm. The result of this study indicate that there is a sanitary napkins containing chlorine with a content of 0,37 ppm. As a result, indicate that chlorine levels in sanitary napkins are below the safe limits of the allowed chlorine content in drinking water quality requirement.Key Words: Sanitary Napkins, Chlorine, Iodimetry Titration.
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Kattimani, Vivekanand, Donipudi Lakshmi Durga Alekhya, Sahithi Pathralapati, Shilpa Susan Sojin, Shikha Patel, Chinmayi Prabhakar, and Heena Dixit. "Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Practices towards Disposal of Sanitary Napkins among Young Females: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 1 (February 2024): S637—S640. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_908_23.
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ABSTRACT Background: Almost 70% of women residing in urban areas and 48% of women in rural areas use sanitary napkins in India. According to menstrual health alliance India (MHAI), single sanitary pad will take about 500-800 years to decompose as the plastic used in manufacturing is nonbiodegradable and causes severe noxious effects contributing to global warming through the production of planet warming fuels which eventually have severe impact on environment sustainability. Hence, the study was undertaken to contribute the evidence for the “Clean and Green India”. Aim: To know the perception and practice of disposal of sanitary napkins among young college-going females in India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted throughout the country employing a self-administered questionnaire using a survey link sent through social media. Data collected were analyzed and interpreted using SPSS version 20.0. Result: The study population comprised 484 young college girls with a mean age of 20.92 ± 1.86 years and 96.9% of them are using sanitary napkins as menstrual absorbent aids. The most common method employed for the disposal of sanitary napkins was dumping them in the bin (87.4%). About 63.2% of them had no knowledge about sanitary napkin-burning machines. Around 92% think that improper disposal of sanitary napkins can cause health problems. Conclusion: The findings from the study revealed that a significant number of women were practicing noneco-friendly disposal methods and menstrual hygiene aids which are a bane to the ecosystem. Study warrants the education and training of females to achieve a green and clean sustainable India.
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Yuliana, Frida, and Happy Dwi Aprilina. "The CENAME (Menstrual Panties)." Proceedings Series on Health & Medical Sciences 2 (January 26, 2022): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pshms.v2i.251.
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Indonesia is the first country in its highest cases of cervical cancer in the world, and 62% of them was due to the use of a poor-quality sanitary napkins. There are 400 additional cervical cancer patients annually. Menstrual problems are also triggered by a poor quality sanitary napkins while menstruating and wearing regular sanitary napkins that have been mixed with chemicals and mixed with non-sterile materials from common sanitary napkins. Aim this research is to create a good quality of menstrual panties (named as CENAME). This research applied a research and development (R&D) method. A questionnaire trial on the panties to fertile women who were at menstruation period; they were 18 to 45 years old. The location was in Toyareka Village, Kemangkon District, Purbalingga. This research was carried out in December 2020. Most respondents were 18-20 and 21-30 years old (each with 2 persons), most of them had a high level of education (3 people). The product has passed a product testing of the health experts. The testing was to determine three aspects of comfort, capacity and hygiene. Its comfort level had an average score of 33.8, meaning very comfortable/excellent category. The producst has passed the testing of health experts. It has been proved to overcome an irritation which was usually caused by a regular disposable sanitary napkin and it surely minimizes the waste. The selection of the materials must be highly-considered.
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Jannah, Nur, and Yurilla Endah Muliatie. "HOW TO GREEN PRODUCT AND ETHICAL LIVING FOR ZILENIAL GENERATION LADYNABILITY IN SURABAYA CITY ?" International Journal of Global Accounting, Management, Education, and Entrepreneurship 4, no. 1 (November 22, 2023): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48024/ijgame2.v4i1.111.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze green products, ethical living of sanitary napkins for the zillennial generation and the impact of using sanitary napkins when women of the zilenil generation buy environmentally friendly products. A descriptive qualitative research approach using the case study method. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation using 3 informants. Based on the results of the research, it shows that not all Green products in sanitary napkins in the era of the Zillennial generation can be consumed and Ethical living in the life of the Zillennial Generation is still lacking and there is a need for education about environmental hazards, good green products will provide good environmental value . The application of green products and also green marketing in running a business has proven to have an impact on competitive advantage and also on the surrounding business environment. With so many sanitary napkin products, it is hoped that Zillennials will be more aware of, health and the surrounding environment are maintained and it is time for business people to produce green products and implement promotions among Zillennials in stages.
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Ismaeilimoghadam, Saeed, Mehdi Sheikh, Pouyan Taheri, Sadegh Maleki, Hossien Resalati, Mehdi Jonoobi, Bahareh Azimi, and Serena Danti. "Manufacturing of Fluff Pulp Using Different Pulp Sources and Bentonite on an Industrial Scale for Absorbent Hygienic Products." Molecules 27, no. 15 (August 7, 2022): 5022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27155022.
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In this study, for the first time, a composite fluff pulp was produced based on the combination of softwood (i.e., long-length fiber), hardwood (i.e., short-length fiber), non-wooden pulps (i.e., bagasse) and bentonite, with specific amounts to be used in hygienic pads (e.g., baby diapers and sanitary napkins). After the defibration process, the manufactured fluff pulp was placed as an absorbent mass in diapers and sanitary napkins. Therefore, tests related to the fluff pulp, such as grammage, thickness, density, ash content, humidity percentage, pH and brightness, tests related to the manufactured baby diapers, such as absorption capacity, retention rate, retention capacity, absorption time and rewet, and tests related to the sanitary napkin, such as absorption capacity and rewet, were performed according to the related standards. The results demonstrated that increasing the amount of bagasse pulp led to increasing the ash content, pH and density of fluff pulp and decreasing the brightness. The addition of bentonite as a filler also increased ash content and pH of fluff pulp. The results also demonstrated that increasing of bagasse pulp up to 30% in combination with softwood pulp led to increasing absorption capacity, retention rate, retention capacity, absorption time and rewet of baby diapers and of sanitary napkins.
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Dhesinghraja, J., K. Mayandi, N. Rajini, C. Prakash, Nadir Ayrilmis, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, and SikiruOluwarotimi Ismail. "Investigation of Properties and Product Development from the Industrial Fiber Crops (Musa acuminata) Biowaste." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 18, no. 2 (March 1, 2024): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2359.
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One of the most common concerns worlds over is negating the harmful effects of human-generated waste through the RRR principle–reduce, reuse and recycle. One of the methods of achieving this is by the use of biodegradable materials for producing products for our daily use. One such product that contributes to huge waste generation is sanitary napkins and synthetic fabrics. This research deals with fibers derived from natural sources can be used for manufacturing sanitary napkins, yarn, fabrics. The Musa acuminata wild species H2O treated and alkali treated (4% NaOH) banana fibers were taken to develop a biodegradable sanitary napkin and fabrics, which is one of the big industrial crops biomass. These fibres were machine extracted only from the pseudo-banana stem. The biomass level was measured and physical (166.2–220.4 µ m), chemical (Cellulose 57–66%), and structural analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX) of alkali (NaOH) and water-treated (H2O) fibers were identified. The antibacterial, antifungal property, moisture regain (12%) and fibre absorbency (43–64%) were discussed as per the standard of CTL/SOP/MICRO/004. The napkin test report has been taken as per IS 5405-1980 & 1390-1961 standards that was to be compared with the standard values. The napkin test parameters such as absorbency level, disposable, pH value, cost analysis, biodegradability level, and consumer perception were found. Finally, the basic yarn (20 s & 5 s) and fabric (C/B blend & weft banana) tests were carried out.
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Leni, Imbuh Nur, Retno Heru Setyorini, Teguh Budi Prasetya, and Pri Hastuti. "Correlation Between Knowledge Level About Cloth Sanitary Napkins and Interest in Using Cloth Sanitary Napkins for Young Women." JETISH: Journal of Education Technology Information Social Sciences and Health 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 738–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/jetish.v2i2.1007.
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Long-term use of disposable sanitary napkins can cause reproductive health problems and have an impact on the environment. In the modern era, rewashable cloth pads appeared. Based on the data obtained on young women aged 12-15 years, it was found that 23 young women were still using disposable pads. 82.6% of young women did not know what cloth sanitary napkins were and how useful they were, while 17.4% of young women already knew what cloth sanitary napkins were and did not know the benefits of cloth sanitary napkins. Knowledge about the use of cloth sanitary napkins is still low regarding management in dealing with menstruation which in turn impacts on the use of inappropriate sanitary napkins. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge about cloth sanitary napkins and interest in the use of cloth sanitary napkins for young women at SMP Negeri 2 Sewon, Bantul Yogyakarta. This type of research is quantitative with a survey method and a cross sectional research design. The population of this study were eighth grade girls at SMP Negeri 2 Sewon. A sample of 57 young women. The sampling technique in this study was using proportional stratified random sampling. Data collection was carried out using a data questionnaire using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results showed that the level of knowledge about cloth sanitary napkins which was lacking was 4 people (7%), 7 people (12.3%) were sufficient, and good were 46 people (80.7%) and interest in using cloth sanitary napkins for young women with the category low interest amounted to 9 people (15.8%), moderate interest 42 people (73.7%), high interest 6 people (10.6%). The results of the bivariate analysis obtained a p value of 0.009 so that the p value 0.05. The conclusion of this study is that young women have a good level of knowledge and have a moderate interest in using cloth sanitary napkins and there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and interest in using cloth sanitary napkins.
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Kido, Kumiko, Ayana Hirai, Yuka Kasai, and Yuko Uemura. "Menstruation, Hygiene Practice and Menstrual Distress in Female Undergraduate Students." Women, Midwives and Midwifery 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2022): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36749/wmm.2.1.29-39.2022.
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Background: Currently, there is no up-to-date survey on actual menstruation, including recent changes in the amount of menstrual blood loss in women as the age of the first menstruation decreases in Japan. Also, few study has examined whether temperature in clothing reflecting with basal body temperature and other factors are related to menstruation-associated symptoms. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the actual menstruation, the change in the number of sanitary napkins and menstrual distress during one menstrual cycle, and the predictive factors of menstrual distress. Methods: The samples were eight university students over the age of 20. This study was conducted from the end of June to the end of September 2020. They were asked to undertake the following: menstrual cycle, length of menstruation; the amount of menstrual blood loss; changing sanitary napkins; the Japanese version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (J-MDQ). The J-MDQ consists of 47 questions answered on a scale of 0 to 3, with a higher score indicating more severe menstruation-related symptoms, within a week before, during and a week after menstruation. Multiple liner regression and Friedman test were conducted as statistical analysis. Results: The volume of menstrual blood loss increased drastically on the second day of the menstruation, and rapidly decreased from the third day. Napkin changing was also most frequent on the second day, however there is no correlation between the volume of menstrual blood and the number of times changing sanitary napkins after the second day of menstruation. The total J-MDQ during menstruation was significantly higher than pre and after menstruation (P<0.05). The duration of blood flow were associated with J-MDQ. Conclusions: Appropriate changing sanitary napkins needs to be recommended to improve for vulvar hygiene. The menstrual distress was highest during menstruation.
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Suhanti, Indah Yasminum. "Cultural Aspects of Disposable Diaper Waste and Sanitary Napkins in Indonesia." Biokultur 10, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bk.v10i1.27409.
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The cultural aspect of managing disposable diapers and sanitary napkins in Indonesia is very important. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the cultural aspects of the waste management process. The method used literature review. The data analysis used thematic analysis. The articles obtained from the selection were 18 titles. The results of the review show that the culture that is most discussed in the issue of disposable diapers and sanitary napkin waste management is the culture of industrial society, then Javanese society, and the last one is colonial. Culture is discussed in the realm of practice and reasons for use as well as practices and reasons for waste management. Things that need to be deepened are culture in the form of (1) cultural engineering and cultural environment and (2) the realm of the impact of using and managing disposable diapers and sanitary napkins. Another suggestion is to expand database searches and perform SLRs for more detailed results.
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Mahajan, Tanya. "Imperfect Information in Menstrual Health and the Role of Informed Choice." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 1-2 (January 18, 2019): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521518811169.
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This article explores how imperfect information and the culture of silence around menstruation have shaped the menstrual hygiene product market. It is generally considered that the use of sanitary napkins is equivalent to hygiene. This view is critically evaluated in light of evidence. In a highly competitive market, materials used in sanitary napkin products have evolved significantly. Policymakers and regulators need to be informed about the nature of products entering the Indian market and their implications on women’s health and cost to the environment. The menstrual hygiene market now offers some less-known innovations such as menstrual cups, reusable cloth pads and compostable sanitary napkins that could offer a more sustainable direction to the industry. However, they also have their own barriers to access and use. Given the increasing choice available in the market and potential for accessing information, it has become pertinent that relevant stakeholders—such as women, government officials and the media—are made aware of the basket of options for menstrual hygiene management. Field experiments done to this end indicate that informed choice will automatically ensure that cost to women’s health and the environment is minimised.
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Mayasari, Windatania, Nety Taribuka, Zubaedah Zubaedah, and Hawa Warhangan. "Penggunaan Jenis Pembalut Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Keputihan." Jurnal Kebidanan Malakbi 2, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33490/b.v2i1.372.
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The use of pantyliner is one of the causes of vaginal discharge because pads use dangerous chemicals for the bleaching process, which produce dioxins that can trigger vaginal discharge. This study aims to determine the relationship between the use of sanitary napkins during menstruation in SMA. This study used a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were 144 high school students, the sample in this study were 105 female students. The sampling technique used was proposive sampling. Data collection was done by using questionnaires and forms related to data recording. Bivariate analysis using the chi squre statistical test. 105 respondents using herbal sanitary napkins in the highest normal incidence was 35 (70%) and the lowest normal use of abnormal sanitary napkins was 12 (21.8%). The incidence of abnormal vaginal discharge in ordinary sanitary napkins 55 (100%) and the incidence of vaginal discharge in 50 (100%) herbs napkins. There was a relationship between the use of this type of pantyliner and the incidence of flour albus in SMA, Waplau Subdistrict, Buru Regency.
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Månsson-Lindström, Ann, Ove Dehlin, and Åke Isacsson. "Urinary Incontinence and Napkins." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 6, no. 4 (December 1992): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.1992.tb00275.x.
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Anbalagan, Srikavi, and Mekala M. "An Overview of the Plant Fibres in the Development of Ecologically Sustainable Sanitary Napkins for the Green Economy." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (August 4, 2021): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08362.
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The issue of biodegradability must be addressed when considering the protection of our environment. Plastic materials are used in commercially accessible sanitary napkins. One of the primary issues with sanitary napkins is that they are non-biodegradable and can be found in landfills for up to 800 years. Increased menstrual waste has sparked calls for a revolution and the development of innovative techniques for addressing the global issue of commercial sanitary pads’ non-biodegradability. Plant fibres are a more environmentally friendly alternative to commercially supplied pads. Plant fibres are lignocellulosic fibres composed primarily of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, pectin, and other polymers. In terms of abundance, biodegradability, non-irritant and chemical-free, easily renewable and environmental friendliness, plant fibres represent a suitable alternative to commercial sanitary napkins. The current review focuses on plant fibres such as jute, bamboo, bananas, and kenaf as an alternative raw material in the manufacture of sanitary napkins.
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Agbaku, Comfort Afi, Alimatu Sadia Yahaya, Feng Junhua, Shi Chengqi, and Wangkung Linda. "Jute Plant- A Bio-Degradable Material in Making Sanitary Pad for Sustainable Development." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 06 (June 5, 2020): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i06.fe01.
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This Purpose: Achieving Environmental Sustainability by increasing access to affordable, bio-degradable, and healthy sanitary napkins, the paper aims to shed light on the use of the Jute Plant in place of the chlorine-bleached wood pulp or cotton and packaging.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is developed based on results drawn from a survey on women (both workers and student) and secondary data collected from researches, papers written on female hygiene, Sustainable development goals, and Research Institute on Jute Plant.
Findings: The jute plant can be used to replace the non-biodegradable materials used in making sanitary napkins and that many women are ready to change their napkins for many cost-effective and biodegradable ones.
Value: Creating a platform for women to have access to affordable sanitary napkins and conserve the environment. Contributing to sustainable development by positioning the environment in its original state after use.
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Mukhtar, Rabia, Aman-Ur Rehman, Anum Ilyas, Momina Jahangir, Rajia Liaqat, and Gohar Ali Khan. "Contraceptive Use and Sanitary Napkin’s Types in Relation to Bacterial Vaginosis among Reproductive Age Females." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2022): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22163100.
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Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been proposed as the most common vaginal disease among women of childbearing age as an adjunct to the development of cervical cancer. Previous studies of the relationship between BV and contraceptive use with sanitary practices as determinants have provided inconsistent and conflicting results. Aim: To determine the frequency of Bacterial vaginosis & find its association with contraceptive use and sanitary practices along marital status. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study Place and duration of study: Department of Gynaecology, Sh. Zayed Hospital Lahore from 01-01-2016 to 31-10- 2016. Methodology: Two hundred and ninety six women of reproductive age group with complaint of vaginal discharge attending were enrolled. Proper history regarding age, marital status, use of contraceptive methods and sanitary practices was taken. Results: Disease prevalence was found to be 18.9%. Bacterial vaginosis was associated with age, type of sanitary napkins, and method of contraception, with adjusted odds ratios of 47.45, 279.9 and 172.0. However no association was found between the disease and marital status (as independent risk factor). Conclusion: Not using contraception and type of sanitary napkins are strongly related to occurrence of bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age group with vaginal discharge. Key words: Bacterial vaginosis, Pap smear, Contraceptive methods, Sanitary napkin use
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Warashinta, Dewi, Asti Astari, and Ayut Merdikawati. "ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF MENSTRUAL PAD, TAMPONS, AND MENSTRUAL CUP DURING MENARCHE." Journal of Community Health and Preventive Medicine 1, no. 2 (August 7, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jochapm.2021.001.02.4.
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Various kinds of alternative product innovations have been to substitute disposable sanitary napkins for reducing the increasing waste of disposable sanitary napkins and reduce environmental pollution. The products in question include, among others, menstrual cups, tampons. Tampons and menstrual cups are still rarely used by Indonesian women because there is little knowledge about menstrual hygiene and how to use them are still considered taboo. The objective of the study is to compare the analysis of the use of sanitary napkins, tampons, and menstrual cups during menarche. The method used in this study is a literature study from the journal published in 2015-2020. The database was from Ebsco, ProQuest, and Science Direct database, and 231 articles were obtained and filtered so that the final result were 12 articles that matched. The results of the comparison of the use of sanitary napkins, tampons, and menstrual cups in terms of hygiene and safety, environmental impact, and effectiveness showed that menstrual cups were superior to the other two products. In conclusion, the alternatives menstrual sanitation tools besides sanitary napkins are tampons and menstrual cups.  This paper can be the basis for further research using different research designs to obtain more complete data.
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Yulianti, Cicik Herlina, Vika Ayu Devianti, and M. A. Hanny Ferry Fernanda. "Validasi Metode Spektrofotometri Visible Untuk Penentuan Kadar Formaldehida Pada Pembalut Wanita Yang Beredar Di Pasaran." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 2, no. 1 (January 7, 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v2i1.60.
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ABSTRAKPembalut menjadi kebutuhan wanita yang sangat penting karena digunakan untuk menyerap cairan darah ketika mengalami menstruasi. Pada pembuatan pembalut wanita dimungkinkan adanya pemakaian formaldehida. Oleh karena itu, pembalut wanita termasuk salah satu alat kesehatan yang kandungan dan bahan penyusunnya diatur oleh pemerintah. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode spektrofotometri visibel untuk penentuan kadar formaldehida dalam pembalut wanita sekali pakai. Sebelum digunakan, maka metode spektrofotometri visibel ini harus divalidasi terlebih dahulu untuk memastikan bahwa metode spektrofotometri yang digunakan dapat memberikan hasil yang akurat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan validasi metode spektrofotometri visibel untuk penetapan kadar formaldehida dalam pembalut wanita sekali pakai menggunakan pereaksi nash sebagai reagen spesifik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pembuatan dan pembakuan larutan baku formaldehida, menentukan panjang gelombang maksimal, pembuatan kurva kalibrasi, melakukan uji linieritas, uji LOD dan LOQ, serta uji kesesuaian dan kecermatan, dan menentukan kadar formaldehida pada pembalut wanita. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa metode spektrofotometri visibel memiliki selektifitas, linieritas,batas deteksi dan kuantitasi, presisi dan akurasi yang baik. Kadar rata-rata formaldehida pada ke lima sampel pembalut sebesar 2,88 mg/kg - 4,05 mg/kg.Kata kunci: pembalut, formaldehida, validasi, spektrofotometri visibelABSTRACTSanitary napkins are a very important woman’s need to absorb blood fluids when menstruating. In the manufacture of sanitary napkins may contain formaldehyde additives. Therefore, sanitary napkins are one of the medical devices whose composition is regulated by the government. In this study to identify the use of formaldehyde in sanitary napkins was carried out by visible spectrophotometry using nash reagent. This method should be validated in advance to ensure that the method used can provide accurate data. The aim of this research is to validate visible spectrophotometry method for determination of formaldehyde content indisposable sanitary napkins using nash reagent as specific reagent. Validation of UV – Vis spectrophotometry method for determination of formaldehyde showed that Nash reagent was suitable to determine formaldehyde. This method is linear with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0,99967. The validation characteristics include accuracy and precision, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation. The acceptance validation criteria were found in all case. Qualitative determination in five sanitary napkins samples showed positive results and the quantitative analysis confirmed that the average content of formaldehyde in five sanitary napkins samples was 2,88 mg/kg – 4,05 mg/kg.Keywords: sanitary napkins, formaldehyde, validation, visible spectrophotometry
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Chauhan, Shekhar, Pradeep Kumar, Strong Pillar Marbaniang, Shobhit Srivastava, Ratna Patel, and Preeti Dhillon. "Examining the predictors of use of sanitary napkins among adolescent girls: A multi-level approach." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): e0250788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250788.
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Background This paper aimed to explore various factors associated with the use of sanitary napkins among adolescent girls in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Methods The study uses information from the Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) project survey conducted in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in 2016. The study sample consisted of 14,625 adolescent girls aged 10–19 years. The study sample was selected using a multi-stage systematic sampling design. Multilevel logistic regression (MLR) was used to identify the individual and community level factors associated with the use of sanitary napkins. Results The results revealed a wide variation in sanitary napkins’ use across the socio-economic and demographic factors. The use of sanitary napkins was significantly higher among girls with 8–9 (53.2%) and 10 and more (75.4%) years of schooling compared to those who had no formal education (26.4%). The use of sanitary napkins was higher among adolescent girls who were not engaged in paid work (54.7%) than those who did any paid job (40.8%). Adolescent girls reporting frequent exposure to mass media (OR = 2.10), belonging to the richest wealth quintile (OR = 3.76), and whose mothers had 10 or more years of education (OR = 2.29) had a higher propensity to use sanitary napkins than their counterparts. We did not find a significant role of community-level education of mothers on the menstrual hygiene practices of adolescents. Conclusion Ensuring that adolescent girls have access to hygienic means to manage their menses is critical from a public health perspective and in enabling them to realize their full potential. Programs to enhance menstrual hygiene are warranted. These programs should involve mothers, who are an important source of knowledge about menstrual hygiene. Facilitating girls’ access to education may also produce tangible menstrual hygiene benefits.
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Basri, Anindita Imam, Siti Nur Utaminingsih, and Valsa Ayunda Tisya. "Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu Posyandu Sentolo Lor Melalui Edukasi Bahaya Pembalut dan Ecoliteracy: Upaya Preventif Permasalahan Kesehatan Reproduksi & Lingkungan." To Maega : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 3 (October 10, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v4i3.851.
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AbstrakPembalut merupakan kebutuhan primer bagi setiap perempuan yang telah mengalami masa pubertas. Namun, banyak kalangan wanita yang tidak terlalu memperdulikan personal hygiene pada saat penggunaan pembalut sekali pakai, sehingga berisiko terhadap kesehatan organ reproduksi. Berdasarkan hasil observasi di Dusun Sentolo Lor, Kecamatan Sentolo, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. masih banyak remaja dan ibu-ibu yang utamanya belum mengetahui dan memahami bahaya pemakaian pembalut sekali pakai. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran bahaya pembalut sekali pakai, cara menjaga personal hygiene, dan mengajak mitra untuk beralih ke pembalut ramah lingkungan. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan yaitu penyuluhan (ceramah), diskusi, tanya jawab, serta evaluasi program. Hasil evaluasi program menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dari setiap indikator setelah edukasi dilaksanakan. Dengan demikian, kegiatan pengabdian ini telah berhasil meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia di Dusun Sentolo Lor. Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, Posyandu, Pembalut, Personal Hygiene. AbstractSanitary napkins are a primary need for every woman who has experienced puberty. However, many women do not really care about personal hygiene when using disposable sanitary napkins, so it poses a risk to the health of the reproductive organs. Based on the results of observations in Sentolo Lor Hamlet, Sentolo District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. there are still many teenagers and mothers who mainly do not know and understand the dangers of using disposable sanitary napkins. This activity aims to raise awareness of the dangers of single-use sanitary napkins, how to maintain personal hygiene, and invite partners to switch to environmentally friendly sanitary napkins. The implementation method used is counseling (lecture), discussion, question and answer, and program evaluation. The results of the program evaluation showed a significant increase in each indicator after the education was implemented. Thus, this service activity has succeeded in improving the quality of human resources in Dusun Sentolo Lor.Key Word: Empowerment, Posyandu, Sanitary Napkins, Personal Hygiene.
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Rusdiana, Mira, and Achmad Fauzi. "Perbandingan Hygiene Menstruasi Pada Wanita Usia Reproduksi Antara yang menggunakan Pembalut Dengan Menstrual Cup." Risenologi 7, no. 1a (August 19, 2022): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2022.71a.338.
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Hygiene is a component of hygiene that has a significant influence in defining a person's health state, particularly in preventing infection of the reproductive organs. During menstruation, women utilize menstrual products to absorb the blood that is expelled. The most prevalent period products include disposable pads, tampons, cloth pads, and menstrual cups. Inadequate personal cleanliness and infrequent changes of sanitary napkins result in prolonged blood contact with the vagina, making it susceptible to bacterial infection. The alternative to the menstrual cup is regarded as the most effective method for collecting menstrual blood due to its ability to reduce fishy odors and the occurrence of infection, irritation, and rashes. Determine whether or not there is comparison hygiene between those who use sanitary napkins and menstrual cups. This research is included in the type of non-experimental research and comparative research design which aims to compare one group with another group. Based on the results of the study the average value of hygiene in sanitary napkin users was 38.80, and the average value of hygiene using menstrual cups was 41.00, statistical test results p-value 0.021<0.05. The conclusion show there are differences in results hygiene on the use of sanitary pad with menstrual cups, where the average results obtained hygiene menstrual menstrual cups are better than hygiene on those using sanitary pad.
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Holmes, David R., and Mohamad Alkhouli. "Imagination, Creativity, Napkins, and Persistence." JACC: Advances 1, no. 3 (August 2022): 100056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2022.100056.
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Soukupová, Věra. "Permanently sustainable development and napkins." Kontakt 9, no. 1 (June 15, 2007): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2007.018.
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Heisey, Daniel J. "Bede's Pepper, Napkins, and Incense." Downside Review 129, no. 454 (January 2011): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001258061112945402.
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Kumar, Mr Hemanth. "SMART SANITARY NAPKINS VENDING MACHINE." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 12, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33703.
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Our project, the Smart Sanitary Napkins vending machine, is an innovative solution that combines the functionalities of dispensing sanitary pads and medicines while incorporating advanced features for user convenience. Utilizing Arduino, LCD display, keypad, RFID technology, DC motor, and Node MCU, we've developed a robust system that enhances accessibility and usability. At its core, our vending machine boasts a user-friendly interface, featuring an LCD display and keypad for seamless interaction. Users can easily navigate through the menu to select and purchase either sanitary pads or medicines according to their specific needs. The integration of RFID technology ensures secure user authentication, granting access only to authorized individuals. The dispensing mechanism is driven by a precise DC motor, guaranteeing accurate and controlled distribution of sanitary pads and medicines. Additionally, we've incorporated a disposal unit to promote environmental sustainability by facilitating proper disposal of used sanitary pads. Keywords--- Arduino, LCD display, keypad, RFID technology, DC motor,
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Ritika, M., A. Neha, and K. Dixita. "Study of Menstrual Hygiene Practices among the Women of Reproductive Age Group in Sangrur Village, Pune-Maharashtra." CARDIOMETRY, no. 25 (February 14, 2023): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.25.422425.
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Menstrual hygiene is a concept of deep concern as; unhygienic practices can lead to health problems like reproductive tract infections and their complications. There is a definite difference between the menstrual hygiene practices among urban and rural women, influenced by literacy, awareness, accessibility, and exposure. This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Sangrur village, Pune using a questionnaire and personal interview method. It was observed that 70% of the population used cloth during menstruation; irrespective of that 83% were aware of sanitary napkins. The women’s attitude of resistance to change and lack of information about the importance of using sanitary napkins were found to be the reasons for not shifting to sanitary napkins. Sanitary product used and period hygiene practices adopted by the women of Sangrur village, Pune is unsatisfactory. Improving the level of health education can go a long way in enhancing menstrual hygiene practices.
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Mindell, Rachel. "Because we are not animals, napkins." Cream City Review 38, no. 2 (2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ccr.2014.0060.
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Sitohang, Nur Asnah, Dewi Elizadiani Suza, and Cut Adeya Adella. "Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Manajemen Kesehatan Menstruasi Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Amal Saleh." Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.34008/jurhesti.v5i2.208.
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Menstruation is periodic bleeding occurring repeatedly every month in women that starts about 14 days after ovulation and is released through the vagina. Menstruation is a characteristic feature of a woman's maturity where there is a change in the uterus in preparation for pregnancy. Menstrual health management (MHM) is a term that is often used in relation to cleanliness during menstruation. Menstrual health management includes facilities used during menstruation including clean water, soap used for bathing and cleaning all parts of the body as well as cleaning sanitary napkins that have been used. MHM is also related to the access they have to safe and comfortable facilities to dispose of used sanitary napkins. Young women must understand knowledge about menstruation and how to manage it appropriately without shame or fear. Health education is a form of independent nursing action to help clients, both individuals, groups and communities in overcoming their health problems through learning activities in which the nurse acts as a nurse educator. This study aims to increase students' knowledge and attitudes about menstrual health management by providing health education. The method used was to socialize activities to the school, identify the condition of menstrual health service facilities in schools such as bathrooms, clean water supply, provide educational media for menstrual health management in the form of videos, leaflets and modules; conduct health education about menstrual health management and post tests. The data analysis used was univariate. The number of samples was 36 people, namely grade VII students. The results of the study that the majority of respondents were 12 years (77.8%), had menstruation (58.3%), age at first menstruation was 11 years (52.3%), experienced menstrual pain (66.7%), information sources regarding: (1) hygiene during menstruation is the mother (38.5%), (2) sanitary napkins from TV commercials (25%), menstruation from mothers (45.5%), (3) types of sanitary napkins currently used modern sanitary napkins (65.9%), (4) the current brand of sanitary napkins from mothers (36.5%). The majority of knowledge adolescents category is 88.9% good and the attitude of the adolescents is 100% positive. Research proves that there are still students with sufficient knowledge (10.1%) and considering the importance of MHM as an effort to prevent infection in the female reproductive system and minimize the occurrence of cervical cancer in women in the future. Researchers suggest that schools include this topic in subject matter so that reproductive health can be maintained.
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Syahfitrah Umamity. "Hubungan Personal Hygiene Saat Menstruasi dengan Kejadian Keputihan pada Remaja Putri Kelas X di SMA Negeri 3 Ambon." Journal Pharma Saintika 7, no. 1 (October 30, 2023): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51225/jps.v7i1.39.
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The cleanliness of the feminine area (personal hygiene), especially during menstruation, is often ignored by teenagers. If you don't maintain proper genital hygiene, then in damp conditions, fungi and bacteria in the feminine area will thrive. Using underwear that uses thin material and does not absorb sweat can also make the feminine area damp and smelly, making it easier for fungi and bacteria to nest and using sanitary napkins for more than 2-3 hours can make it easier for fungi and bacteria to nest in the feminine area. Aims to analyze the relationship between personal hygiene during menstruation and the incidence of vaginal discharge in class X teenage girls at SMA Negeri 3 Ambon. This study used quantitative research using a cross-sectional design. The sample in the study was 150 people. Data analysis using the Chi-Squere test research shows that the use of underwear has a p value = (0.720), the length of use of sanitary napkins has a p value of sanitary napkins = (0.000) and how to clean female organs has a p value = (0.523). there is only a significant relationship between the length of use of sanitary napkins and how to clean the female organs and the incidence of vaginal discharge in class X teenage girls at SMA Negeri 3 Ambon. Meanwhile, what is not significant is the use of underwear and how to clean the female organs with the incidence of vaginal discharge in class X teenage girls at SMA Negeri 3 Ambon.
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BIRGERSSON, A.-M. BJURBRANT, V. HAMMAR, G. WIDERFORS, I. R. HALLBERG, and E. ATHLIN. "Elderly women's feelings about being urinary incontinent, using napkins and being helped by nurses to change napkins." Journal of Clinical Nursing 2, no. 3 (May 1993): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.1993.tb00156.x.
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Alfathy, Ragil Meita, Mahardika Prasetya Aji, and Sulhadi Sulhadi. "Analisis Variasi Warna Terhadap Kualitas Daya Serap dan Kuat Tarik Tissue Napkin Paper." JIPF (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Fisika) 2, no. 1 (October 29, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jipf.v2i1.201.
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<p>Tisu telah menjadi kebutuhan sehari–hari masyarakat dunia karena tisu merupakan benda pembersih praktis yang dapat dibawa kemana–mana. Inovasi yang dilakukan oleh para produsen adalah dengan memberikan corak motif bahkan warna untuk menambah nilai estetika dari tisu terutama pada <em>tissue napkin paper</em> atau kertas tisu serbet. Seiring berjalannya waktu, nilai estetika pada <em>tissue napkin paper</em> menjadi pertimbangan utama konsumen dalam pemilihan tisu dibandingkan fungsi utama kertas <em>tissue napkin paper</em> sebagai alat pembersih sehingga konsumen melupakan kualitas fisik dari <em>tissue napkin paper</em>. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi potensi perbedaan kuat tarik dan daya serap <em>tissue napkin paper</em> dengan dan tanpa <em>colourant</em>. <em>Tissue napkin paper</em> dihitung volume air yang terserap secara radial dan gaya yang dibutuhkan tisu dengan luas permukaan 0,042m<sup>2</sup> untuk merobeknya, sehingga diketahui bahwa <em>tissue napkin</em> berwana merah, hijau, kuning dan putih memiliki persentase kualitas daya serap secara berturut-turut 38,89%, 42,78%, 41,67%, 46,67% dan daya kuat tarik 78,3N/m<sup>2</sup>; 103,3N/m<sup>2</sup>; 140,4N/m<sup>2</sup>; 141,5N/m<sup>2</sup>. <em>Colourant</em> mengubah struktur pore menjadi lebih sempit dan jarak permukaan serat selulosa menjadi semakin panjang. Sehingga terjadi penurunan daya serap dan kuat tarik tissue napkins paper dengan <em>colourant</em> meskipun tidak dalam taraf yang signifikan.</p>
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Ranga, Mukesh, and Kanika . "Awareness among Rural Women for Sanitary Napkins." Health Economics and Management Review 3, no. 3 (2022): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/hem.2022.3-07.
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Menstruation is a natural biological process through which every female has to go through during her life. It is part of reproduction of life. Most of the females menstruate two to seven days every month. Unawareness about menstruation creates the discrimination and misconception among the females mainly during teenage. Taboos, stigma and myths thwart adolescent girls and boys to gain knowledge about menstruation and take it as a positive part of life. 40 % of the world’s population, or 3 billion people, do not have a handwashing facility with water and soap at home. 43 % of schools lacked a handwashing facility with water and soap affecting 818 million school-age children. As per World Bank indicator 65% of population is residing in rural areas of India. National Family Health Survey, India highlights that 41% of women with 10 or more years of schooling and in rural areas it is 33.7%. In India women are playing a vital role in rural economy but their contribution in agriculture and allied services is almost equal but it is unpaid and unaccounted only considered as their support in the family. Still there is gender inequality in rural areas; they have limited access in finance management, decisions related to education and healthcare issues. Most women are unskilled and no control on land and other productive assets of the family. Still traditions dominate in the issues related with women. In the present study awareness and behavioral pattern of rural women during menstruation is assessed in the study area. Structured questionnaire is used to get the response for awareness, availability, preference, purchase behavior of the women in the Bhogwar village of Uttar Pradesh. In the present study descriptive survey research design was applied and target respondents were selected through stratified random sampling. Consciousness among women on menstrual hygiene and uses of sanitary napkins is also explored. It is identified that the price plays a vital role in purchase behavior and maximum women are getting awareness through females of the family and school is major source of free napkins in study area.
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Varon, Jacob. "FEMININE HYGIENE SANITARY NAPKINS FOR WOUND DRESSINGS." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 103, no. 5 (April 1999): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199904020-00048.
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Varon, Jacob. "FEMININE HYGIENE SANITARY NAPKINS FOR WOUND DRESSINGS." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 103, no. 5 (April 1999): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199904050-00047.
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Pambudi, Dwi Bagus, Mahdanya Puteri, Indah Aulia, Khoerurrohim Khoerurrohim, Imroatul Maghfiroh, and Gigih Setianto. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Pembalut Kain di Desa Proto Barat, Kecamatan Kedungwuni, Kabupaten Pekalongan." Jurnal ABDIMAS-HIP Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37402/abdimaship.vol4.iss2.260.
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Cloth pads are a necessity during menstruation. According to research, disposable sanitary napkins currently in use are carcinogenic and contain harmful substances that have the potential to cause dangerous diseases for the reproductive organs. This training aims to find out how to manufacture, use and advantages of eco-friendly cloth sanitary napkins. These innovative cloth pads are made of fleece, diadora, cotton, waterproof, thread, sewing needle, ruler, scissors, pencil/ballpoint pen/marker, and adhesive. The method used with several steps, such as the presentation of material on how to make cloth pads and the advantages and disadvantages of cloth pads, product making begins with pattern making to the sewing stage, and the conclusion of the activity. The result is a product in the form of eco-friendly cloth pads.
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Park, Mi-Kyong, and Shigeki Watanuki. "Unpleasantness and Physiological Responses in Using Sanitary Napkins." Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science 24, no. 1 (2005): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2114/jpa.24.7.
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Chourasia Sandhya Bhagawat et al.,, Chourasia Sandhya Bhagawat et al ,. "Manufacturing of Cost Efficient Sanitary Napkins Incinerator Machine." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 9, no. 3 (2019): 803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun201989.
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Laurier, Eric, and Chris Philo. "Cold shoulders and napkins handed: gestures of responsibility." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 31, no. 2 (June 2006): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2006.00205.x.
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Dovhanych, V. V. "Research of paper napkins by flexographic printing method." Book Qualilogy 2, no. 42 (2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32403/2411-3611-2022-2-42-48-53.
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Heni Purwaningsih, Nurul Istiqomah, Sulastri Sulastri, Yuli Widyastuti, Ika Kusuma Wardani, and Suyatno Suyatno. "Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) Education in Elementary School Students as the Implementation of Personal Hygiene Behavior during Menstruation." Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Indonesia 1, no. 11 (December 12, 2021): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59247/jppmi.v1i11.54.
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Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) is the management of hygiene and health when women are menstruating. MHM components include the use and selection of sanitary napkins, frequency of changing sanitary napkins, management of single-use sanitary napkins, and access to toilets, soap, and water for cleaning. The purpose of this activity is to provide education on menstrual hygiene management as the application of behavior to maintain personal and environmental hygiene during menstruation. This community service method is carried out online (online) using the Zoom application, by providing pre and post questionnaires to measure students' knowledge about MHM at SDIT Nur Hidayah Surakarta students. The results of community service activities (PkM) showed that the number of respondents were young women who were already menstruating at the age of 11-12 years as many as 36 students and most of them had experienced menstruation. Education is done using power point media (PPT) and animated videos. The results of the pre-test showed that the majority of young women's knowledge about MHM was in the less category of 63.9%, while the category was sufficient 22.2% and the good category was 13.9%. After the education was carried out, the level of knowledge of students increased. Most of them had good categories of 83.3% and 16.7% had sufficient category knowledge and no students had poor category knowledge. It is necessary to increase the role of teachers and parents to support the improvement of reproductive health at a young age as well as the provision of communicative information media for elementary school students.
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Galimzyanova, Leysan R., Tatiana V. Vdovina, Yoldyz V. Kobeleva, and Natalia V. Galkina. "Assessment of the biodegradability of polymer based on polyacrylates." Butlerov Communications 58, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-5-44.
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The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the assessment of biodegradability of polymer based on acrylic acid and its copolymers, used as an impregnation of paper napkins, by microorganisms of soil and activated sludge biocenosis. Experimental studies were carried out with 10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.0001% aqueous solutions of polymer based on acrylic acid. The assessment of the biodegradation ability of polyacrylates by microorganisms of soil biocenosis and activated sludge was carried out on the basis of changes in the respiratory activity of microbiocenoses under conditions of introduction into the soil and waste water, respectively, of the analyzed polymer samples based on acrylic acid and its derivatives. Based on the changes in the respiratory activity of microorganisms in the presence of polymers, it was revealed that polyacrylates are biodegradable and can be used by soil microbiocenosis and activated sludge microbiocenosis as a substrate. The results of quantitative counting of microorganisms of activated sludge by the method of limiting dilutions in the process of long-term cultivation in the presence of polymer samples correlate with the results of determining the respiratory activity of microbiocenoses and indicate the possibility of using polyacrylates by microorganisms as a substrate. In the process of experimental studies, it was proved that in the aquatic environment both large respiratory activity of microorganisms at low concentrations of the polymer and a higher inhibitory activity of the polymer at its high concentrations than in the soil are observed. The results indicate the promise of using solutions of polyacrylates as impregnation of paper napkins, since the methods of processing and disposal of used napkins meet the requirements of environmental friendliness.
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Yahil Zaban. "“Folded White Napkins”: The Etiquette Discourse in Haskalah Literature." Prooftexts 35, no. 2-3 (2015): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/prooftexts.35.2-3.07.
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