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Dahlin, Brittany. "Caroline Murat: Powerful Patron of Napoleonic France and Italy." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4224.
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Caroline Bonaparte Murat created an identity for herself through the art that she collected during the time of her reign as queen of Naples as directed by her brother, Napoleon, from 1808-1814. Through the art that she both commissioned and purchased, she developed an identity as powerful politically, nurturing, educated, fashionable, and Italianate. Through this patronage, Caroline became influential on stylish, female patronage in both Italy and France. Caroline purchased and commissioned works from artists such as Jean-August-Domonique Ingres, François Gérard, Elizabeth Vigée LeBrun, Antonio Canova and other lesser-known artists of the nineteenth century. Many of these works varied in style and content, but all helped in creating an ideal identity for Caroline. In all of the works she is portrayed as a powerful woman. She is either powerful by her settings (in the drawing room, or with Vesuvius in the background), her vast knowledge in the arts and fashion, her motherhood, her sensuality, or the way in which she is positioned and how she is staring back at the viewer within the works. The creation of this identity was uniquely Caroline's, mimicking Marie de Medici, Marie Antoinette and Josephine and Napoleon Bonaparte, while adding her own tastes and agendas to the creation. Through this identity she proved herself to be as equally French as Italianate through dress and surroundings. She even created a hybrid of fashion, wedding the styles together, by adding black velvet and lace to a simple empire-waisted silhouette. Caroline proved herself as politician, mother, educated and refined woman, pioneer in fashion, and Queen through the art that she purchased and commissioned.
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Buscemi, Francesco. ""Io giuro". Storia della fedeltà politica dai Lumi a Napoleone." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H045.
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Le recours fréquent aux serments pendant la décennie révolutionnaire a déjà attiré l’attention de nombre d’historiens. Le serment civique a été surtout considéré en tant qu’acte significatif autour duquel semble s’être joué la légitimité révolutionnaire. Effectivement, du serment du roi et des députés de février 1790, à celui des prêtres adhérents à la Constitution civile du clergé, ou encore à celui que la troupe doit prêter après la fuite du roi, des formules constitutionnelles de 1791 et 1792 à celles de haine à la royauté de l’âge du Directoire, jusqu’aux variations apportées par Napoléon, le serment est un élément fondamental de la grammaire politique révolutionnaire. Mon projet de recherche se propose de considérer le serment dans une perspective plus vaste, en comparant la situation française aux expériences des Républiques Sœurs, en élargissant mon propos jusqu’à l’âge de la Restauration pour révéler l’importance du serment dans la culture politique contemporaineThis thesis aims to study the characteristics of political trust and loyalty during the eighteenth century and the French Revolution. These characteristics are essential to understand the revolutionary culture, as they involve one of the most divisive issues of that time : civic oath. My thesis is aimed to clarify how the experience of oaths shaped the relationship between citizens and power during the revolutionary decade (1789-1799) in France and in Italy, and how this relationship is empowered by narratives taken from religion, the culture of honor, and ideology. From a wider, transnational viewpoint, my primary goal was to provide a deeper look into this key topic of the historiography of French Revolution
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Piperno, Martina. "Temporalities and fractures in post-Napoleonic Italy : Leopardi and Vico's legacy." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79412/.
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This dissertation discusses whether Giacomo Leopardi (1798-1837) can be considered a philosophical heir of Giambattista Vico (1668-1744), as some scholars retain, despite the fact that there is no evidence that Leopardi read Vico’s New Science or other works until late (1828); too late to demonstrate a direct influence of the philosopher’s thought on the deepest nexuses of Leopardi’s reflection. This dissertation clarifies how Leopardi responded to Vico-related questions characterizing the culture of his time through an innovative methodology that looks at the diffraction of Vico’s ideas in Bourbon Restoration Italian culture. This work aims to paint a dynamic picture of Italian nineteenth-century polycentric culture through a geographical organization of the material; it in fact tackles the diffusion of Vico’s works and ideas from Naples to Venice (Chapter 1), to Milan (Chapter 2), to Leopardi’s hometown Recanati (Chapter 3), to Florence (Chapter 4), and again to Naples (Chapter 5). Not only does this work shed new light on the existence of a Vico-Leopardi philosophical lineage, but it also present an original study of perceptions of time and history and of the dichotomy ancient/modern in Post-Napoleonic Italian culture.
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Leech, John Patrick. "Peasants and politics : rural society and discontent in the Dipartimento del Reno (1802-1817)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262597.
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SALVI, GRETA. "CULTURA TEATRALE E SCENARI URBANI NELLA MILANO DEL TRIENNIO CISALPINO (1796 - 1799): TRA IMPIANTI TRADIZIONALI E INFLUENZE FRANCESI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2030.
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Nel Triennio 1796-1799, si svolge la breve parabola della Repubblica Cisalpina, una delle unità politiche fondate da Napoleone Bonaparte nel corso della Campagna d’Italia.
Il presente lavoro studia la cultura teatrale e gli aspetti performativi che caratterizzano la Cisalpina e soprattutto la sua capitale, Milano, in questa congiuntura storica.
La tesi che si vuole sostenere riguarda l’uso delle pratiche performative come strumento di educazione popolare e di diffusione dei principi della Rivoluzione del 1789. Un intento perseguito, con differenti finalità, tanto dalle autorità francesi quanto dai patrioti italiani filo-rivoluzionari.
La trattazione si articola intorno a tre nuclei fondamentali: i mutamenti urbanistici e architettonici intervenuti a Milano durante il Triennio, la teoria e la pratica teatrale, la forma para-performativa delle feste pubbliche. Le relazioni culturali tra Italia e Francia sono state oggetto di particolare attenzione.
La documentazione su cui lo studio si basa è costituita da edizioni a stampa di testi teatrali, descrizioni di feste, editti, corrispondenza e periodici dell’epoca conservati presso biblioteche e archivi milanesi e parigini.In the Triennium 1796-1799 took place the short life of the Cisalpine Republic, one of the political units founded by Napoleon Bonaparte during the Italian Campaign. This work studies the theatrical culture and the performing aspects which characterized the Cisalpine Republic and particularly its capital, Milan, in that historical juncture. The thesis asserted here is about the use of performing practices as an instrument of popular education and spreading of the principles of the 1789 Revolution. This aim was pursued by both French authorities and Italian pro-Revolution patriots. This work tackles three main points: the architectural and urban changes which affected Milan during the Triennium, the theory and practice of theatre, the public celebrations. The cultural relations between Italy and France have been investigated with special attention. This study is based on some documents kept in archives and libraries of Milan and Paris, such as printed editions of theatrical plays, records of celebrations, correspondence and periodicals from the age of the Cisalpine Republic.
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Hanley, Wayne. "The genesis of Napoleonic propaganda, 1796 to 1799 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9924886.
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Dunne, John. "Notables and society in Napoleonic France : the Seine-Inferieure, 1799-1815." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320715.
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Jorgenson, Christer Ivar Ole. "The common cause : the life and death of the Anglo-Swedish Alliance against France,1805-1809." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317901/.
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This thesis will view the Napoleonic War from three distinct angles. Firstly, as a world war that was fought beyond the narrow confines of Europe where events on other continents were as important as those taking place in Europe. Secondly, the thesis will view the war from an Anglo-Swedish angle with an emphasis upon the northern and Baltic regions of Europe. This region of Europe is often forgotten when the Napoleonic War is written about despite the fact it was of vital economic and strategic importance to Britain. Thirdly, this military contest between the Great Powers will be viewed from 'below' or in other words from the perspective of a minor power unable to influence events as much as these powers. One good reason for Anglo-Swedish friendship was the strong trade links between the two countries, which led to their successful but neglected economic sabotage of Napoleon's Continental system. Yet economic factors, though vital, did not primarily account for the creation and continued life of the 'common cause'. Instead geopolitical and ideological factors gave rise to the 'common cause'. Firstly, although seeing themselves as nations apart from the continent Sweden and Britain's independence and strategic security depended upon no one power being able to upset or usurp the European balance of power. Secondly, in the eyes of Swedish and British conservatives (they ruled both countries for most of the alliance's life) Napoleonic France was not only a direct threat to their external security but Napoleon also came to symbolise everything they disliked about the new European order. To the architect of the alliance, Gustavus IV , and his fellow conservatives, Napoleon had to be defeated at all costs if Sweden, Britain and all of Europe was to survive. But the conservatives had a monopoly on neither political power nor the truth, for powerful groups in both countries opposed the war with Napoleon. These groups, in opposition during most of the war in both countries,believed an accommodation with Napoleon was possible. In 1806 the British Whigs tried and failed to find a peaceful accommodation with Napoleon. Following defeat at Russian hands and the diversion of British interest to the Iberian peninsula, the Anglo-Swedish alliance was almost dead when in early 1809 the Swedish opposition took power through a coup. They managed, unlike their British colleagues, to get peace with Napoleon, but at a high price. Defeat, despair and domestic turmoil the following year led to the election of marshal Bernadotte as ruler of Sweden. Within two years Bernadotte had begun rebuilding the 'common cause' with Britain, and in 1814 Sweden finally saw its great protagonist Napoleon defeated. The pro-war line had showed itself to be the only realistic and viable long-term option for either country.
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Palayret, Jean Marie. "L'alliance impossible diplomatie et outil militaire dans les relations franco-italiennes /." [Vincennes] : Service historique de la marine, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58467873.html.
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Cox, Devon. "Stages of captivity : Napoleonic prisoners of war & their theatricals, 1808-1814." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/103472/.
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In 2011, the Performance and Theatre Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London acquired an archive of materials relating to the French prisoners of war held at Portchester Castle from 1810 to 1814. This archive consisted of scripts, playbills, and abstracts from the prisoners’ Théâtre des Variétés built and operated in the basement of the castle’s keep. These materials have provided new and unique insights into the experiences of Napoleonic prisoners of war and have served as a catalyst for this first major critical study of Napoleonic prisoners-of-war theatricals. The majority of the theatre’s sociétaires were captured in the French defeat at the Battle of Bailen in July 1808. This study will be charting the journey of these French prisoners through their captivity in Spain, the Baeleric Islands, and Britain. While this particular group of prisoners has been the subject of previous historic surveys, their theatrical endeavours have been sidelined or relegated to footnotes or dismissed as a way to pass the time. In this study I will draw the prisoners’ theatricals to the centre of critical discussion examining their repertoire in greater detail underlining the vital role that theatre served in the prisoners’ emotional and psychological survival in captivity.
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Gietz, Nora. "The effects of revolutionary and Napoleonic policy on the artistic patrimony of Venice (1797 and 1806-1814)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58572/.
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This dissertation investigates the effects of Revolutionary (1797) and Napoleonic (1806-14) rule on the artistic patrimony of the city of Venice. Its aim is to explore just how far-reaching the spoliation of Venetian buildings was during the short lived Provisional Municipality, as well as in the wake of the suppressions and closures of parish churches, convents, monasteries, and confraternities during the eight years that Venice was part of the Italian Kingdom. Dealing with a vast amount of hitherto unpublished evidence, the dissertation sheds light on the motivations for, and the logistics of, the appropriation, transfer, and disposal of artworks and liturgical furnishings. It investigates the various government bodies involved, and their hierarchies and responsibilities, while a number of case studies detail how the suppressions themselves were carried out, and how the buildings and their contents were treated and affected in their aftermath. The two distinct periods in the history of Venice saw great differences in approaches to artistic patrimony: in 1797, a limited number of artworks had been allocated to France in a peace treaty, while, later on, the sheer quantities of objects made it close to impossible to achieve a systematic method. Using archival materials such as official correspondence, and inventories and valuations drawn up by government delegates, alongside published eighteenth- and nineteenth-century guidebooks of Venice, the thesis provides a detailed account of the effects of Revolutionary and Napoleonic rule on the city’s artistic heritage. In order to do so, it is divided into four chapters. The first two are more general in scope, the first tracing the events of 1797, and the activity of the Committee of Public Instruction and Commission Temporaire des Arts during this time, the second exploring the Demanio administration of state property, and the roles of delegates Pietro Edwards and Giuseppe Baldassini, as well as private sales and auctions, and the removal and transportation of objects from suppressed institutions. Case studies of two diocesan churches, Santa Marina and San Nicolò di Castello, and two monastic foundations, Santa Maria dei Frari and Santa Maria dei Servi, as well as eight scuole grandi follow. Venetian buildings and their patrimony have not yet been studied as much in detail for the period in question as this dissertation endeavours to do. These microcosmic studies will contribute greatly to the understanding of the effects of Revolutionary and Napoleonic France on the artistic patrimony of Europe.
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Magoni, Clizia. "I gigli d'oro e l'aquila bianca gli Estensi e la corte francese tra '400 e '500: un secolo di rapporti /." Ferrara : Deputazione provinciale ferrarese di storia patria, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51877590.html.
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Gale, Caitlin Maria. "Beyond Corsairs : the British-Barbary relationship during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1cdea6da-7ca9-4728-bef5-59e6850dbb73.
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The North African Barbary States are usually dismissed as an unimportant, though bothersome, pirate base of little consequence in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. This thesis challenges that idea by providing qualitative and quantitative evidence of Barbary's role in trade and diplomacy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, especially as it affected Britain and how the British were able to carry out their military and political goals in the Mediterranean. The study is based on the correspondence between the British government and its military leaders in the region, the correspondence and reports generated by British consuls working in Barbary, import/export records, and a database tracking British shipping to and from North Africa during the conflict. To the British, Barbary was not an irritation but an asset. Britain was able to manage Barbary's trade and foreign policy over the course of the twenty-three-year conflict. This was accomplished in two key ways: as a source of supplies for British forces and through the diplomatic role provided by Britain's extensive consul network. Though the North African states were neutral for the majority of both wars, Britain worked strenuously to maintain and increase its trade and diplomacy with Barbary for the benefit of the British armed forces. British trade with Barbary, supported by the British-Barbary diplomatic relationship, directly contributed to British successes in the Mediterranean and Iberian Peninsula.
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Bartlett, Keith John. "The development of the British army during the wars with France, 1793-1815." Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/699/.
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The British Army that fought the engagement at Waterloo in 1815, was outwardly little changed from that which was engaged in the initial campaigns of the Wars, twenty-two years previously. Line upon line of red-coated, musket-armed infantry, manoeuvred as chess pieces across open fields, deciding the issue by volley and bayonet, having spent a hungry night exposed to rain and cold. The cavalry were still beautifully and often impractically clad, and were always seeking the decisive charge, on their unfed and often sickly mounts. The Army's commander still viewed his troops as 'the scum of the earth', who were rarely paid, and predominantly enlisted for life. It would therefore appear that little had altered from 1793 to 1815, and that this will be a study of continuity rather than change. However, this thesis will show that despite outward appearances, the Army that took the field at Waterloo was intrinsically different from the one that entered the conflict in 1793, being modernised in line with other institutions of state, and other European armies. This thesis is first and foremost intended to be a contribution to the history of the British Army from the outbreak of war with Revolutionary France in 1793, to the reduction of the forces after the battle of Waterloo in 1815. It proceeds from an assumption that the understanding of not only that history, but the history of the developing British state, will be significantly advanced through a study of the operation of, and the changes which took place within, the Army during the Wars with France.
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Jones, Richard James. "Tobias Smollett : travels through France, Italy and Scotland." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312679.
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Fenton, Anne Marie. "France, Italy and the 2002/2003 Iraq crisis." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FFenton.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-96). Also available online.
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BOVDIK, NANCY RUTH. "THE EPIC QUEST: RIMBAUD AND VERGIL'S "AENEID" (FRANCE, ITALY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187972.
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A cursory reading of the poetry of Arthur Rimbaud brings about an immediate awareness that classical allusion and myth were of significant interest to the poet. Biographical data indicates that Rimbaud not only excelled in the study of the Latin language and literature, but exhibited enthusiasm for the subjects. Closer scrutiny of Rimbaud's life and works reveals the emergence of patterns evident in the poetry of Vergil, especially his Aeneid. I have endeavored to locate and define thematic areas that may correlate the works of both poets, thereby indicating the presence of an epic motif structure within the body of Rimbaud's poetry that resembles, in several respects, motifs discovered within the Aeneid. My study has explored five major areas in which similarities occur: the significance of heritage, the function of journey as theme, the concept of descent into an Underworld, the quest for a city and the quest for a bride. Both poets depict man facing the challenge of pursuing lofty ideals in the actual world. Rimbaud's work suggests that the basic goals of Aeneas are still those of modern man. While it is not my intention to offer proof of literary influence, it is hoped that demonstration of a parallel motif structure may invite a spirit of inquiry regarding the significance of the occurring similarities, especially, with respect to the importance of the Aeneas myth in the modern world.
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Clifford, Rebecca. "Creating Official Holocaust Commemorations in France and Italy, 1990-2005." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491563.
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How do nations confront shameful episodes from their pasts? How and why are such events collectively remembered or forgotten? This thesis explores these broad questions through a comparative study of official holocaust commemorations in Italy and France.
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Maythorne, Louise Irene. "Europeanisation of grassroots greens : mobilisation in France, Italy and the UK." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7778.
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This thesis asks ‘what does Europeanisation mean for the strategies and practices of grassroots green groups in Europe?’ and aims to identify the conditions under which these groups become ‘europeanised’. I identify three process of europeanisation: direct europeanisation – when an actor connects directly to the EU, indirect europeanisation – when an actor connects to a europeanised member state and passive europeanisation – when actors europeanise outside of state mechanisms. The grassroots green movement has largely evaded studies of europeanisation and so it is through examining europeanisation at this ‘base’ level, closest to the citizens, that this research makes an original contribution to our understanding of the variables that mediate the process of europeanisation and to our understanding of grassroots green activism in Europe. This thesis takes its analytical framework from social movement theory and uses political opportunity structures and frames as domains in which it looks for evidence of europeanisation. Within these domains I distinguish between European and europeanised activity, teasing out the role of the nation state in mediating europeanisation at a grassroots level. Two cases are examined: anti-road protest and anti-GM protest in Britain, France and Italy between the period 2007-2010. This thesis demonstrates that there is some evidence of europeanisation within grassroots green groups. It encourages a more nuanced understanding of europeanisation as a process that can occur outside the state and amongst actors who do not seek to impact the EU. It finds that both strategic and ideological considerations shape the political opportunity structures to which movements direct themselves. It also finds that the fit between the frames used in protest and the national masterframes is a powerful variable in explaining the extent of social movement europeanisation.
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Nicolas, Aude. "L’art et la bataille : représenter les campagnes d’Italie : (1800 ; 1859)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100188.
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Cette étude a pour but d’analyser les représentations peintes – mais aussi, à chaque fois que cela était pertinent pour le propos, les dessins, les photographies et les sculptures – des campagnes d’Italie de 1800 et de 1859. L’approche comparative de ces deux événements met en parallèle les héritages et les innovations artistiques d’« un Napoléon à l’autre », en posant à chaque fois la question de la volonté de précision et des connaissances des artistes chargés d’immortaliser les grandes phases de ces conflits, de manière à apporter un regard principalement centré sur les aspects militaires de ces représentations, en recourant notamment à l’étude iconographique. S’il s’agit avant tout d’un travail d’histoire de l’art, s’appuyant sur l’analyse stylistique et sur la réception critique des œuvres, l’approche méthodologique proposée croise d’autres disciplines afin de détailler la conception et l’organisation des œuvres : topographie, stratégie, tactique et, plus largement, d’autres domaines plus spécifiquement liés au patrimoine militaire (uniformologie, emblématique, armement…). Les œuvres sont également confrontées aux objets conservés et à l’histoire militaire qu’elles représentent, afin de comprendre comment les artistes ont conçu leurs productions et sont parvenus à rendre les faits. L’organisation du propos est divisée en trois parties, étudiant successivement la représentation topographique (les artistes se sont-ils rendus sur les lieux, ont-ils cherché à être précis en rendant les paysages et les particularités géographiques ?), le rendu de la bataille (comment la traite-t-on au début et au milieu du siècle, trouve-t-on un véritable souci de faire figurer les bonnes unités aux bons endroits et de tenter de comprendre et / ou de recomposer les manœuvres tactiques ?) et la perception héroïque (comment met-on en valeur le héros d’une époque à l’autre et comment différencier une œuvre au rendu réaliste d’une autre vouée à la glorification ou à l’édification ?)This work deals with a comparative analysis of military paintings representing the French Italian Campaigns (1800 and 1859), including drawings, photographs and sculptures when it is relevant. The parallel is established between artistic heritages and innovations from “a Napoleon to the other”, asking the artists’ willing of precision and military knowledge when they represented these events, so these works of art are studied in a different way focused on a military approach using iconography. Although the main work is in history of art, based on the analysis of formal handling and critical reception, the methodology resorts other sciences in order to examine the artworks composition and organisation in details: in that way, artworks are confronted to topography, strategy, tactic and also military heritage testimonies (uniforms, emblems, weapons…) and history they aimed to show. The work is divided in three parts, successively studying topographical representation (did the artists travelled to see the places and did they represented precise and recognizable geographical details?), the way of painting battles (how fights were figured at the beginning and in the middle of the 19th century, can regiments and tactical manoeuvres be identified correctly?) and heroic perception (how heroes were showed in 1800 and in 1859 and how artworks can be ranked, between glorification and realistic representations?)
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Condren, John. "Louis XIV et le repos de l'Italie : French policy towards the duchies of Parma, Modena, and Mantua-Monferrato, 1659-1689." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8259.
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Between 1659 and 1689, northern Italy was generally at peace, having endured almost three decades of continuous war from the 1620s. The Peace of the Pyrenees of November 1659, between the French and Spanish crowns, seemed to offer the young Louis XIV an opportunity to gradually subvert Spanish influence over the small princely families of the Po valley. The Houses of Farnese, Este, and Gonzaga-Nevers, respective rulers of Parma, Modena, and Mantua-Monferrato, had all been allies of France at various points in the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659), but had gained scant reward for their willingness to jeopardise their own relationships with the king of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor, despite the promises of material and diplomatic support which Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin had extended to them. As a consequence, they were reluctant to agree to again participate in alliances with France. This thesis examines how Louis XIV gradually came to lose the friendship of these three ruling families, through his arrogant disregard of their interests and their ambitions, and also by his contempt for their capabilities and usefulness. This disregard was frequently born out of the French monarch's unwillingness to jeopardise or to undermine his own interests in Italy – in particular, the permanent retention of the fortress of Pinerolo, in Piedmont, as a porte onto the Po plain. But although the principi padani comprehended the reasons for Louis's unwillingness to act as a benevolent patron, they resented his all-too-palpable distrust of them; his entrenched belief that they were unreliable; and his obvious love of war. The rulers and élites of the Italian states believed that Louis would undoubtedly seek, at some point in his reign, to attack Spain's possessions in Italy, and dwelt in perpetual dread of that day. This thesis provides the account of French policy towards the small Italian states after 1659 which is still absent from the historiography of Louis XIV's foreign policies.
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Becker, A. K. "Gender and political thought in northern Italy and France, c.1420-c.1578." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596511.
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This dissertation examines the relationship between household and state, gender and politics, in early modern political thought. Contrary to what is commonly assumed early modern political theorists discussed with great interest and in considerable detail matters of the family; notably emphasising the rapport between husband and wife. This discussion was not an isolated endeavour into the realms of the private, but part of an inquiry into the very nature of the political. State and family were linked in various ways: it was commonly understood that the political community emerged from the family. Investigations into the origins of the political life were thus simultaneously investigations into the origins of families. Furthermore, the res familiaris or res oeconomica (the science of the household) was understood as that which connected the res monastica to the res publica: the family linked the individual to the state. Above that, the family was often used as a model to describe and to understand political rule. I also show that studying the language and arguments that connected the political with the ‘oeconomical’ not only brings to the forefront a neglected dimension of political thought, but also helps us to understand the vocabulary of politics in early modern Europe. The dissertation gives accounts of principal texts of Italian and French political thinking, discussing in turn Bruni’s translation and commentary on Aristotle’s Oeconomica as well as his vernacular writings, the writings of the so-called ‘civic humanists’ Alberti and Palmieri, Machiavelli’s answer to them, and finally the interrelation of family and state in Jean Bodin’s Six livres de la République. The analysis underlies a special interest in contemporary Aristotelian commentaries on the Politics, the Ethics and the Oeconomica, and the connection of this Aristotelian understanding with arguments from Roman law on the family, while exploring key themes of family, friendship, concord, and government in the context of the various texts.
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Cantoni, Roberto. "Oily deals : exploration, diplomacy and security in early Cold War France and Italy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/oily-deals-exploration-diplomacy-and-security-in-early-cold-war-france-and-italy(64fca03b-4a9f-485a-bff1-2a13e3f07905).html.
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Oil is one of the most widespread high-density energy sources in the world: its importance for the military-industrial complex became even more evident in the postwar context. In this framework, establishing the conditions for accessing the world's oil-rich areas became essential for states, not only to provide for their own energy needs, but also to buttress national economic and geostrategic interests, and protect energy security. In addition, regulating the oil flow between countries afforded the ability to influence their operational capabilities. Exploiting oil as a geopolitical weapon was not distinctive of the two global hegemonic powers, but was also employed by less powerful countries, such as France and Italy. My thesis shows how, from the second half of the 1940s, successive Italian and French administrations established agencies for hydrocarbon management, and devised strategies of oil exploration according to their political agendas. Achieving energy autonomy was the main objective of both countries. However, the predominance of Anglo-American interests in both French and Italian oil scenarios led to continuous bilateral diplomatic tensions, especially over issues of exploration rights. Anglo-American governments and companies sought to shape the French and Italian oil scenes to their benefit, also by looking for allies in the political classes of the two countries. It was the outcome of these 'oily deals' that eventually shaped the history of Italian and French oil industries. Conflicting interests were revealed at their fullest during the Algerian war of 1954-62: following the discovery of large oil and gas fields in Algeria, US and Italian companies started to negotiate, first with the French and then the Algerians, their access to, and prospecting rights for Algerian territories. My work shows that negotiation processes involved secret surveillance activities, the establishment of parallel diplomacies, and serious confrontation between Cold War allies. A fundamental role in these deals was played by technocrats and geoscientists, who facilitated the communication of secret data on oilfields to their national authorities. Significant global oil discoveries occurred worldwide in the 1950s, eventually leading to overproduction: an outcome assisted by major progress in geophysical prospecting techniques. France's new role as an oil producer thanks to discoveries in Africa provoked a shift of national interest from exploration to transport. At the same time Italy, after the signing of massive oil-for-technology barter agreements with the Soviet Union, could now dispose of a surplus that needed channelling to potential outlets. For both countries, building pipelines became an essential aspect: however, as both were targeting the West European market, Europe became an arena of bitter competition for pipeline dominance. Italian-Soviet contracts, together with the current level of West European trade with the Soviet Union, prompted an examination of Western security by international organisations. The issue of limiting Soviet oil exports into West European countries was widely debated at the European Community and Nato, as was European technological aid to the Soviet project of constructing a colossal pipeline system. My analysis of the terms of the debates, their development and outcome, reveals the ambiguity of the concepts of security and 'strategic technology' as a ground for decision-making, indicating how these were construed as co-products of negotiations.
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Groom, Simon. "An art autre : Michel Tapié and the informal adventure in France, Japan and Italy." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496200.
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Zenonos, Maria. "The dividend policy in Europe : the cases of the UK, Germany, France and Italy." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8404/.
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This thesis attempts to provide a comparative and comprehensive understanding of corporate dividend policy in European Countries. I examine the dividend policy of the firm in the UK, Germany, France and Italy. The thesis is motivated by the importance of dividend policy theory in the area of finance, the mixed theoretical and empirical evidence, the predominately US based literature and by the financial, institutional and corporate governance differences between European countries. The thesis examines the "big three imperfections" of the dividend policy: taxation, asymmetric information and agency costs. The uniqueness of the thesis is its European character. The main argument is that differences in taxation and corporate governance systems between European countries can prove a useful tool for providing some answers to the dividend puzzle. With respect to dividend taxation systems the UK operates a partial imputation system while Germany, France and Italy operate full imputation systems. With respect to the corporate governance systems the UK is characterised as a market-based country while Germany, France and Italy are characterised as bank-based systems. In general results show that there are significant differences between dividend taxation systems in European countries that result in variations of the tax discrimination variable. In all countries ex-day returns are positive and significant suggesting that ex-day prices fall by less than the amount of dividends. Results confirm that in countries where the differential taxation between dividends and capital gains is high, ex-day returns are high. Also, I find that changes in the tax systems that affect taxes on dividend and/or capital gains alter significantly ex-day returns. Furthermore, the corporate governance differences between market-based and bank-based countries result in different levels of information asymmetries and/or agency conflicts. Results in all the countries show significant share price reaction on the dividend announcement days. Evidence provides support to the information content of dividend hypothesis. Moreover, I do not find evidence to reject the signalling hypothesis over the over investment hypothesis.
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Groom, Simon. "An art autre. Michel Tapie and the informel adventure in France Japan and Italy." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251675.
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Jacobs, Jason D. "The political poetics of the chanson de geste in France and Italy : 1130-1532 /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Šramko, Filip. "The impact of financial transaction tax on market quality: Evidence from France and Italy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193296.
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This thesis explores the impact of securities transaction tax (STT) on stock market quality. In order to identify the effects of STT on trading activity and market quality two recent STT introductions in France and Italy are analyzed. The effects are observed on panel data in four periods utilizing several trading activity and market quality measures. Following previous literature difference-in-differences approach is applied using various control groups including German and Spanish equities. The results point to significant decrease in trading activity and increase in bid-ask spreads in France following STT imposition. The impact on volatility is statistically insignificant across different specifications and estimation periods. The results for Italy are inconclusive due to possible contamination by political events, but the evidence indicates decrease in trading activity following STT introduction.
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White, Brook. "ANOTHER FORGOTTEN ARMY: THE FRENCH EXPEDITIONARY CORPS IN ITALY,1943-1944." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2595.
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The French Expeditionary Corps that fought in Italy during World War II was a French army, but that description must be qualified. Therefore this thesis asks two questions: how did France manage to send the equivalent of an army to Italy if French military leadership in 1943 had no direct access to French manpower resources; and the most important question since it is unique to the historical debate, why were the troops that were sent to Italy so effective once there when compared to the 1940 French army? To answer the first question, it was a French colonial army – soldiers mainly from Africa – that enabled France to send an army to Italy. The second question was not so easily addressed and is actually composed of two parts: current scholarship finds that at the tactical level French troops of 1940 no less capable than the troops in Italy, but more importantly it was the French military leadership's willingness to expend the lives of their colonial solders with little regard that allowed the French Expeditionary Corps to allow the United States Fifth Army to enter Rome just days before the Allied invasion of Normandy. And in order to understand why the French military was willing to expend the lives of its African soldiers, this thesis also had to examine the French colonial system dating to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Finally, this paper explores the different components of leadership that each army, which were African (primarily from North Africa and French West Africa) and metropolitan (mostly from European France), used to lead and direct their men. Thus, this study is more than just a pure military history. It is also a cultural and social history of France in relation to its colonies.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Humanities
History MA
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Kevins, Anthony. "Filling the gaps: the extension of income support and healthcare in France, Italy, and beyond." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123142.
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Examining the evolution of welfare states over the past four decades, this dissertation explores the factors that have impacted coverage levels and benefit standardisation, with a particular emphasis on the role of left-wing parties and unions in reforming access to healthcare and income support for the unemployed in France and Italy. This comparison derives its force from contrasting policy outcomes across both countries and policy domains. In dealing with the growing swaths of individuals incapable of accessing benefits as the labour market became increasingly segmented, the Italian case was marked by dramatic universalising reform in healthcare but a persistent lack of universally available social assistance, while in France residualising transformations within the pre-existing framework prevailed in both sectors. Using a combination of archival research, in-depth elite interviews, and secondary source research, this thesis argues that the aforementioned variation in welfare state reform is less about partisanship than it is about institutional arrangements. While left-wing parties have been the main drivers of reform, they do not consistently problematise gaps in coverage, since the extension of generous benefits to all typically entails fiscal and/or political trade-offs. Within this context, certain characteristic features of Southern European states (such as the centrality of the family and clientelism) condition the political importance of coverage gaps, both for parties and the public. Public opinion then impacts the likelihood of reform, while the organisational incentives of parties structure the type of reform pursued. In order to assess the generalisability of conclusions drawn from the qualitative paired comparisons, the findings are then tested across OECD countries using statistical analysis. The analysis provides an opportunity to consider the proper definition of the dependent variables, and the corresponding modeling strategy, in comparative policy analysis. The thesis argues that duration analysis offers a particularly useful way of modelling policy change. Overall, results provide support for the conclusions drawn from the comparison of France and Italy: coverage levels and benefit standardisation in OECD welfare states are functions of complex interactions between social welfare institutions, public preferences, and political parties and unions.Examinant l'évolution des États providences au cours des quatre dernières décennies, cette thèse explore les facteurs qui ont influencé les niveaux de couverture sociale et la standardisation des prestations en France et en Italie. La thèse met particulièrement l'accent sur l'influence des partis politiques et des syndicats sur l'extension d'accès à l'allocation chômage minimum et aux soins de santé. La force de cette comparaison provient du contraste des politiques tant entre les domaines politiques qu'entre les deux pays. Faisant face à un nombre croissant d'individus n'ayant pas accès à des prestations à cause d'un marché du travail de plus en plus segmenté, le cas italien a été marqué par une réforme remarquable d'universalisation du système de santé, avec toutefois un manque persistant d'assistance sociale universelle; tandis qu'en France, une « résidualisation » des systèmes existants dans les deux domaines a prévalu. Combinant une recherche archivistique avec des entretiens approfondis auprès des élites ainsi qu'en épluchant de nombreuses sources secondaires, cette thèse affirme que la variation des réformes susmentionnées est davantage fonction des arrangements institutionnels que fonction d'idéologie partisane. Bien que les partis de gauche aient été les principaux moteurs des réformes, ils n'ont pas toujours su problématiser les lacunes des couvertures sociales, puisque l'extension de prestations universelles implique normalement des compromis fiscaux ou politiques. Dans ce contexte, certaines particularités caractéristiques des États de l'Europe du Sud (comme la centralité de la famille et le clientélisme) ont conditionné l'importance politique des lacunes dans la couverture sociale, autant pour les partis politiques que pour le public. Ensuite, l'opinion publique a également influé sur la probabilité des réformes pendant que les motivations organisationnelles des partis ont joué sur le genre de réformes recherchées.Pour évaluer si les conclusions de la comparaison qualitative par paires peuvent être généralisées, les résultats ont ensuite été testés sur les pays de l'OCDE utilisant une analyse statistique. Cette analyse a fourni l'occasion d'examiner la définition appropriée des variables dépendantes, ainsi que la modélisation correspondante, dans l'analyse comparative des politiques. La thèse soutient que l'analyse de durée offre une façon particulièrement utile de modéliser les changements politiques. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de l'analyse statistique concordent avec les conclusions tirées de la comparaison des cas français et italien : les niveaux de couverture sociale et la standardisation des prestations dans les États providences de l'OCDE sont fonctions d'une interaction complexe entre les institutions de protection sociale, les préférences publiques ainsi qu'entre les partis politiques et syndicats.
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Levi, D'Ancona Luisa. "Paths of Jewish integration : upper-middle-class families in nineteenth-century France, Italy and England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615627.
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Litvine, Alexis David. "The space and time of industrialising European societies : Belgium, England, France and Italy 1850s-1910s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610339.
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Chiattelli, Carlo. "Advocacy and diffusion of EU employment policy : the European Employment Strategy in France and Italy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2182/.
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This thesis aims to investigate the process through which discourses promoted by one level of governance are diffused and become accepted in another. It defines the European Employment Strategy (EES) as an attempt to set member states' employment policy agendas by imposing a specific policy discourse defining the problems of European labour markets and the appropriate solutions and it looks at how, by who and under what conditions this was adopted or refused at the national level. It argues that existing accounts of the effects of the EES, which emphasise mechanisms relying on incentives and sanctions, policy-oriented learning and socialisation, do not pay enough attention to whether and why different domestic actors and groups might support it in the domestic arena and to the role of domestic institutional settings. The thesis holds, first, that the diffusion of the Strategy's discourse at the national level depended on the presence or absence of national coalitions of actors willing to adopt and advocate it. The empirical evidence collected in the case studies on France and Italy suggests that the Strategy's discourse was limited to narrow communities composed of civil servants, experts and social partner representatives. The second contention is that these coalitions' success depended on the institutional resources and constraints facing them. In both countries studied meeting the Strategy's requirements stimulated a measure of administrative adaptation, which provided supporting coalitions with additional resources and facilitated norm diffusion. Yet the diffusion of information on the Strategy was limited even within the central administration, among the rank-and-file of the social partners and at the regional and local levels of government. Thus the last contention of this work is that the coalitions promoting the EU discourse remained weak due to the scarce diffusion of information beyond restricted circles and the limited institutional resources provided by the Strategy. Supporting coalitions have only been influential when directly involved in specific policy choices made at the centre and, even then, implementation has proved difficult if actors other than the central government were involved.
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Oliver, Elizabeth L. "Vision and Disease in the Napoleonic Description de l’Egypte (1809-1828): The Constraints of French Intellectual Imperialism and the Roots of Egyptian Self-Definition." Scholar Commons, 2006. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3794.
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This study analyzes the travel conventions manifest in the engravings of the
thirty-volume
Description de l’Egypte produced as a result of the Napoleonic campaign
to Egypt in 1798 and published between 1809 and 1828. The first chapter examines the
discourse established on Egypt in travelogues throughout the eighteenth century prior to
the invasion of the country. I argue that the perceptions developed around the country
did not stem from actual experience, but from political and economic motivations that
cast Egypt in a light favorable for occupation.
I examine how this perception was challenged during the collapse of distance
between the French and Egyptians in the process of colonial encounter. Drawing upon
medical records and proclamations of the French medical team in Egypt, I examine a
specific epidemic known as ophthalmia that led to swollen, irritated eyes and eventual
blindness throughout the French army in Egypt. While it is actually caused by
Chlamydia, in every appearance it makes in French medical records throughout the
occupation, the disease was blamed on the climate, sunlight, and air specific to the land
of Egypt. As a result, I argue that the
Description’s hyper-real contrasts of light and dark
and amplified decay in its representations of the monuments residing in Egypt’s ravaging
climate are determined by the manner vision itself was altered by the epidemic of
ophthalmia.
I then contend that there exists a metaphorical parallel between the decaying
pharaonic monuments in the
Description and the perceived decay of modern Egyptian
society that are linked by misconceptions of Egypt’s climate. I conclude that the effect
of Egypt’s climate believed to destroy both physical monuments and physiological
disposition was used as evidence to support the larger agenda of French imperialism that
justified colonization of Egypt.
Lastly, this study examines how Egyptians counteracted the negative discourse of
their race by appropriating symbols of their country used in European representations and
altering them to develop a national identity. Tracing the time period from French
occupation through British colonization, Egyptians were able to galvanize resistance
while still working within the confines of colonial control.
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Fenoglio, Luca. "Resisting the 'final solution'? : ordinary fascists and Jewish policy in Italian-occupied southeastern France, 1942-1943." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25983.
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This thesis investigates fascist Jewish policy in Italian-occupied southeastern France between November 1942 and August 1943. The fascist government repeatedly refused to hand over to its Nazi ally or to its French enemy foreign Jewish refugees in the Italian occupation zone. This decision, which was tantamount to a refusal to collaborate in the extermination of the Jews, was partially overturned in mid-July 1943. This thesis seeks to explain the rationale for the fascist government’s decisions concerning the fates of foreign Jewish refugees in southeastern France. Current scholarship justifies the fascist government’s decisions as a manifestation either of humanitarianism or political expediency. This thesis argues instead that the Italian refusal to partake in the extermination of the Jews was ideological. As the fascist and Nazi leaderships attributed different relevance to the ‘Jewish question’, they consequently prescribed different methods to ‘solve’ it, in the context of their common military effort to win the war. Through the in-depth reconstruction of fascist Jewish policy in southern France, this thesis argues that although the fascist rulers acknowledged the existence of a ‘Jewish problem’, they never considered its solution as vital to their effort to win the war. Unlike the Nazis who considered their war against the Jew as the pivotal issue, thus rendering the physical eradication of all Jews as a conceivable action in the context of a total war, the Italians considered Jews as a secondary threat compared to communists or enemy aliens residing in their occupation zone. In turn, by analysing fascist Jewish policy in the broader geopolitical, diplomatic and military context of the occupation of southeastern France, this thesis demonstrates how, and to what extent, other ethical and practical considerations interacted with the larger ideology in operation. The overall result was a policy in which the murder of Jews was considered politically inexpedient and morally unacceptable, but which was, nevertheless, still persecutory (the Italian authorities interned foreign Jewish refugees in southern France and took measures to prevent their arrival in the Italian occupation zone). At the same time, this thesis reveals that, although the Jewish policy was consistent with the regime’s declared goal to ‘discriminate, but not persecute’ the Jews, it was not a necessary consequence of that goal. Instead, this policy could be negotiated and adjusted should the political need arise, as proved by the decision (ultimately without consequences) to surrender German Jews in mid-July 1943.
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Visentin, Davide. "Sauveterrian hunter-gatherers in Northern Italy and Southern France : evolution and dynamics of lithic technical systems." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20024/document.
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Le Sauveterrien représente l'une des principales traditions culturelles du Premier Mésolithique européen. L'uniformité présumée de ce complexe était basée surtout sur la présence dans la France méridionale et l'Italie septentrionale de pointes à dos fusiformes (pointes de Sauveterre) et de microlithes triangulaires. Le but principal de ce travail est celui de mettre en discussion et vérifier cette association en utilisant une approche technologique ample des assemblages lithiques appartenant à 23 contextes stratigraphiques de 12 sites français et italiens de référence. En particulier, ces assemblages ont été analysés avec l'objectif de reconstruire les chaînes opératoires dans leur totalité, de l'approvisionnement des matières premières à l'utilisation et à l'abandon des éléments ayant servi comme outils. Plusieurs techniques d'analyse ont été intégrées afin de comprendre et caractériser les assemblages sauveterriens à partir de points de vue différents et complémentaires. De plus, l'évaluation de l'uniformité du complexe sauveterrien dans son territoire central par rapports aux groupes culturels des régions voisines a permis d'aborder de façon préliminaire la question de la réelle nature du Premier Mésolithique de l'Europe occidentaleThe Sauveterrian represents one of the main cultural aspects of the European Early Mesolithic. It was at first identified and described in southern France during the 1920ies. Following the discovery of similar lithic assemblages in north-eastern Italy (Adige Valley), during the 1970ies it was proposed that this culture had developed over a large territory whose central areas are represented by southern France and northern Italy. The presumed uniformity of this complex was based, in particular, on the presence in both regions of needle-like backed points (Sauveterre points) and triangular microliths. In the following years a first typological attempt to verify the actual homogeneity of the Early Mesolithic of this region arose some doubts regarding the appropriateness of this unification. Following this line of research the main aim of this work was, thus, to question and verify this association, by applying a broad technological approach to the study of the lithic assemblages belonging to 23 stratigraphic contexts from 12 French and Italian reference sites. More specifically these assemblages were investigated with the aim of reconstructing the entire reduction sequences, from the procurement of lithic raw materials to the use and discard of tools. Different analytical techniques were thus combined in order to understand and characterize the Sauveterrian assemblages from different and complementary viewpoints. Besides, the evaluation of the uniformity of the Sauveterrian complex in its central area with respect to the neighbouring cultural groups, allowed tentatively approaching the investigation of the very nature of western European Early Mesolithic
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Nader-Esfahani, Sanam. "Knowledge and Representation through Baroque Eyes: Literature and Optics in France and Italy ca. 1600-1640." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493303.
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The scientific discoveries and inventions of the early seventeenth century, which include Johannes Kepler’s inverted retinal image, the refinement of lenses, and the invention of the telescope, transformed the status of vision in the acquisition of knowledge, thus modifying the nature of what is known and even challenging how things are known. Rather than focus on philosophical oppositions between seeing and looking, or on artistic practices such as linear perspective or anamorphosis in literature’s engagement with vision, this study privileges instead a dialogue with early modern optics. Deriving a theoretical framework from the scientific debates about vision and its instruments, which brings attention to the historically charged concepts of mediated perception, the visible and the invisible, and natural and mechanical sight, I examine how French and Italian authors in the early seventeenth century engaged with ocular and optical motifs to question the sense of sight and its authority.
My corpus describes vision as indispensable to the observation and knowledge of the world, although the texts also expose the vulnerability of the sense of sight to error because of natural limitations or an inability to recognize the true form behind deceitful appearances. As such, they elucidate a crisis of knowledge and representation that characterizes the earlier decades of the seventeenth century. Based on the dynamics between the eye and visual aids as they appear in the scientific community, I identify two distinct visual modes in the literary texts, which correspond to the natural eye and the instrumentalized one, assisted and enhanced by a lens. The authors considered here, which include Béroalde de Verville, Traiano Boccalini, Agrippa d’Aubigné, and the writers involved in the polemics around Giambattista Marino’s L’Adone and Pierre Corneille’s Le Cid, present the two visual modes as existing in tension, which I define as “baroque vision.” The analyses of the literary texts demonstrate how the integration of lenses, be it through explicit references to optical devices or through more abstract portrayals that parallel the operations of the eye and the instrument, becomes emblematic of other concerns, from debates regarding discontent about dissimulation to discussions of poetic practice.Romance Languages and Literatures
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Peterson, Anna. "A comparative study of the hospitals and leprosaria in Narbonne, France and Siena, Italy (1080-1348)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12126.
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This thesis analyses the development of the hospitals and leprosaria in Narbonne and Siena from their foundation to the Black Death (1080-1348). Specifically, it examines their respective relationships with the people of Narbonne and Siena and the municipality within a comparative framework. This thesis helps address the gap in comparative studies of the history of hospitals and leprosaria. This comparative study demonstrates how the internal governance of these institutions responded to — and were indeed shaped by — changes in the political and social climate of Narbonne and Siena. This becomes apparent through a comparison of the Hospital of St Just and Hospital of St Paul in Narbonne with the Ospedale di Santa Maria della Scala in Siena. While all these houses were established by ecclesiastical institutions between the late eleventh and mid-twelfth century, there is a marked difference between the growth of the Ospedale and that of the institutions in Narbonne. Furthermore, the Ospedale's independence from its founders, coupled with Siena's wealth and population, facilitated its development into a paragon of the medieval hospital. Such elements are absent from Narbonne, which was entering a period of decline in the thirteenth century. This thesis also recontextualises the study of leprosaria in both cities by deconstructing the traditional exclusion narrative; indeed, this study presents the first examination of the lepers and leprosaria in Siena. Examination of these two cities reveals that there were various approaches to supporting and regulating lepers. It also demonstrates that lepers and leprosaria played an important role within the urban environment, by providing lepers a community while also presenting the healthy with an opportunity to serve them and reap spiritual benefits. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the institutional development of assistive houses in these two cities, placing them in their respective political and social contexts and evaluates the relationship of these assistive institutions with authorities, especially the episcopacy, papacy, and municipality.
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Fantino, Luca. "F.-T. Marinetti : une avant-garde entre la France et l’Italie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040227.
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Le futurisme aurait pu n’être qu’une école littéraire parmi les autres, fort nombreuses au début du XXème siècle. Il devient, par contre, un mouvement artistique pluridisciplinaire et international, s’appuyant sur une activité éditoriale frénétique et une stratégie publicitaire sans précédent. Le futurisme est plutôt un rêve, un idéal que Marinetti a essayé de réaliser pendant trente-cinq ans, c’est-à-dire de 1909 jusqu’à sa mort. Le mouvement futuriste n’est qu’un ensemble de tendances et d’idées constamment soumises à des changements dus aux tensions internes, à des phases de ruptures. Le mérite de Marinetti est d’avoir su rassembler des artistes différents, par tempérament ainsi que par histoire personnelle, des groupes éloignés soit du point de vue géographique que par leur sensibilité expressive, dans le but de créer une culture de la modernité spécifiquement italienne, jouant ainsi un rôle fondamental en ce qui concerne le renouvellement de la culture italienneFuturism might have been a literary school among the others, very numerous in the early twentieth century. It becomes, on the contrary, a multidisciplinary and international art movement, based on a frenetic publishing activity and a brand new advertising strategy. Futurism is a dream, an ideal that Marinetti sought to make for thirty-five years, from 1909 until his death. The Futurist movement is a set of trends, and ideas are constantly subject to change due to internal tensions, breakdowns in phases. The merit of Marinetti is to have put together different artists, either by temperament or by personal history, also distant groups according to the geographical point of view or their expressive sensitivity, to create a culture of modernity, specifically Italian, thus playing a fundamental role in the renewal of Italian culture
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Falkenberg, Susanne. "Populismus und populistischer Moment im Vergleich zwischen Frankreich, Italien und Österreich Populism in France, Italy, and Austria /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1997. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/diss/diss9705/.
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Falkenberg, Susanne. "Populismus und populistischer Moment im Vergleich zwischen Frankreich, Italien und Österreich - Populism in France, Italy and Austria." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2001. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-09052001-103803/.
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Populismus ist eine politische Taktik, die überwiegend von rechtsorientierten Protestparteien angewandt wird. Ohne krisenhafte Entwicklungen ist die populistische Taktik jedoch nicht erfolgstüchtig. In der Dissertation werden die krisenhaften, sozioökonomischen politischen und kulturellen Koinzidenzen in Frankreich, Italien und Österreich unter dem Stichwort populistischer Moment analysiert.
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Tendler, Joseph. "Against the tide : resistances to Annales in England, France, Germany, Italy and the United States, 1900-1970." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3111.
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Against the Tide investigates systematically for the first time how resistances to methodologies advanced by historians associated with the Annales School, one of the most influential twentieth-century schools of historical thought, came to exist in England, France, Germany, Italy and the United States between 1900 and 1970. It defines ‘methodology' in broad terms as the practice of history and poses a series of questions about resistances: who or what created them? What constituted them? Did they centre on a particular methodology, Annales historian or the Annales School as a whole? And what did opposition to methodologies incorporate: technical debates in isolation or wider issues associated with politics, religion and philosophy? The dissertation uses an interdisciplinary conceptual framework,drawing together ideas advanced in the history of science, sociology of education and knowledge, and comparative history, in order to answer these questions. The responses offered refer to and draw on a selection of sources: one hundred and nine scholars' private archives, the articles, books, critical reviews and published letters of a variety of historians and segments of the growing literature both about the Annales School and about the institutions within which the historical discipline operated during the twentieth century. They suggest that resistances played an important part in the international dissemination of Annales historians' methodologies, that resistors held different ideas about the Annales School from those of its creators and divergent methodological commitments, but that they like Annales historians often sought to enhance historical research and sometimes worked on the same subjects but in different and occasionally equally inventive ways. Overall, the findings illustrate a limited but important part of Annales' own history and thereby help to cast the School in new light on terms other than its own by placing it in the transnational context of twentieth-century transatlantic historiography.
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Belmonte, Christina. "A comparative analysis of the immigration policy in italy, france, norway, and the role of the european union." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/661.
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This thesis analyzes the differing immigration policies and issues within Italy, France and Norway by looking at the factors of historical background, politics, and economics. Each of these factors plays a different role in shaping immigration. Italy with a shift to the center right politically although currently with a technocratic government in power; a large unstable economy; and also a society not quite standardized culturally yet becoming increasingly multi-ethnic with immigration, is beginning to become stricter with immigration policy as it has been increasing in recent years. France with a newly left-wing socialist political party in power after a many years of a center right political dominance, a strong economy, and a very nationalist society also has a very strict immigration policy that many view inadequate for the integration of France. Lastly, Norway with a social-democratic labor led party in support of a strong welfare state; a strong economy; and a historical society of relative homogeneity that values equality and individuality, seeks immigration policy to maintain those values and encourage integration. Also, important to note is the role of the European Union which has an effect on all of these countries with many new initiatives to further the integration of immigration within the European Union as well as causing new migration flows with its expansion.B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
International and Global Studies
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Mioni, Michele. "Towards a New “Social Pact” : World War II and Social Policy in Great Britain, Italy and Vichy France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H031.
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Cette thèse concerne les politiques sociales en Grande-Bretagne, dans l'État français, ainsi que dans l'Italie fasciste pendant la Deuxième guerre mondiale. Mon approche ne se borne pas aux années de guerre. Il tient en compte la dépendance des précédentes politiques dans les trois Pays, et elle est ouverte aux développements de l'après-guerre. J'ai réparti ce travail en trois parties, en poursuivant des critères méthodologiques et thématiques. Dans la première partie, j'ai donné un aperçu des politiques sociales dans les trois Pays de la fin du 19e siècle jusqu'au déclenchement de la guerre. Dans cette section, j'ai analysé la nature incrémentielle des politiques sociales, en retraçant les héritages en matière de politique sociale dans chaque Pays. De toute manière, les autres deuxième et troisièmes parties constituent le cœur de la recherche. La deuxième partie est une analyse comparée des politiques mises en place pendant la guerre, ainsi que des projets formulés pour l'après-guerre. Elle est divisée en trois chapitres qui correspondent à chaque Pays examiné, avec un chapitre conclusif où les résultats de la recherche sont croisés, afin de renforcer la compréhension comparative du sujet. La troisième partie porte sur un examen comparé/transnational de l'exploitation politique des reformes sociales. D'un côté, la politique sociale a été utilisée pour renforcer le front intérieur gagner le consensus. De l'autre côté, la diffusion des informations et de la propagande sur les projets de réforme pour l'après-guerre devait jouer le rôle primaire dans la reconstruction des relations internationales après la guerreMy dissertation concerns the social politics in Great Britain, in the Vichy regime, and in Fascist Italy during World War II. My approach to the topic, however, is not narrowly limited to the war years. It takes into account the path dependence of the previous policies in the three countries, and is open to the further developments of the immediate postwar years. I split my work in three parts, according to methodological and thematic criteria. ln a first part, I provided the overview of the social politics enacted in the three countries from the end of the 19th Century to the outbreak of the war. ln this section, I captured the incremental nature of the social policies, also retracing the specific policy legacy in each country. The very cure of my research, however, dwells in the other two parts. ln section two, I carried out a comparative analysis of the policies implemented during the war, and the draft projects for after the war. This section is split in three chapters, where I scrutinized the social politics in each country, and a conclusive chapter where I crossed the results of my investigation, strengthening its comparative aspects. The third part is a comparative/transnational exploration on the political use of social policy. On the one hand, social policy was exploited to strengthen the home front and gamer domestic political consensus. On the other, the dissemination of information and the propaganda of the postwar social project was also expected to play a not secondary role in the resettlement of the international relations after the war
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Bayer, Penny. "Women's alchemical literature 1560-1616 in Italy, France, the Swiss Cantons and England, and its diffusion to 1660." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/71980/.
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This thesis seeks to show that there were alchemical writings associated with women from Italy, France, the Swiss Cantons and England which originated in the period 1560 to 1616, and that these writings were read, translated, circulated, and referred to, at least up to 1660. The main evidence is provided by case studies: a printed book of secrets by Isabella Cortese (Venice, 1561); a sequence of late sixteenth and early seventeenth century manuscripts associated with Madame de la Martinville and Quercitan’s daughter (Jeanne du Port); and material, including an alchemical receipt book, associated with Lady Margaret Clifford (1560-1616). Supporting evidence suggests these women represent a wider participation of women in philosophical and practical alchemy, and adds to the evidence for evaluating women's participation in early modern philosophy and science. Women apparently read and wrote about alchemy, and assisted its diffusion through their work as editors, compilers, translators and patrons. The thesis compares writings from different genres and languages, and addresses issues such as the problem of defining alchemy, complexities of textual interpretation, and the difficulty of ascertaining women’s authorship or symbolic representation. Through a comparative process, the thesis discusses possible reasons for representations of women's alchemical practice based in key cultural themes: Paracelsian ideas, ambiguous readings of texts, women’s education, spiritual practice and household work, and their liaison with male experts and European networks. The underlying association of the alchemical metaphor of knowledge, that the material world could be returned to a perfected heavenly state, is interpreted with varying sophistication. The thesis considers how these women accommodated gender to alchemical philosophy. It suggests that there was scope for ambiguous interpretation, both of alchemical texts and of shared injunctions for early modern women and medieval alchemist monks to be silent, chaste, and obedient. Women may have used alchemy as an area in which to resist passivity and demonstrate their agency.
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Fassio, Giulia. "Images et représentations de l'Italie et des italiens à Grenoble depuis la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENH041.
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Dans les dernières années, en Italie, l'émigration a recommencé à attirer l'attention des chercheurs et de l'opinion publique (surtout en relation à l'intérêt croissant pour les questions liées à l'immigration), en s'affirmant comme l'un des principaux sujets du discours historique public : sans vouloir fournir un portrait exhaustif des études les plus récentes, il convient toutefois de signaler que certaines œuvres – selon différentes approches théorico-méthodologiques – ont cherché à tracer une histoire générale et systématique de l'émigration italienne, en adoptant une perspective temporelle très large et en se concentrant aussi bien sur les lieux d'origine que sur ceux d'arrivée, mais aussi sur les réseaux qui les relient.À part l'immigration étrangère, même les récentes émigrations et mobilités italiennes, en dehors et au sein de la nation même, constituent un thème actuellement débattu par l'opinion publique, qui le perçoit le plus souvent en lien au grave problème du chômage des jeunes, surtout dans certaines zones de l'Italie méridionale. Dans le milieu académique, les actuelles émigrations italiennes sont un sujet d'analyse surtout pour les sociologues, qui en ont mis en évidence certains caractères novateurs : les nouvelles destinations (en grande partie européennes), la plus forte présence de femmes, une plus grande qualification de la force de travail et le caractère temporaire du projet migratoire, souvent caractérisé par des mouvements d'aller-retour répétés. En France, au contraire, les études sur les migrations ont un développement en partie différent de celui des Italiens, du moments que la France a été et est considérée et analysée surtout comme un Pays d'immigration, caractérisé pendant longtemps par une politique assimilationniste, dans laquelle les émigrations vers l'étranger et internes ont été peu approfondies et fondamentalement exclues de l'histoire nationale aussi pour sauvegarder une idée forte d'unité nationale. Cette thèse a eu, entre autres, le but de reconstruire les différentes phases de la présence italienne à Grenoble et en Isère de la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale à nos jours, en soulignant les éléments de continuité, ainsi que les transformations qui ont caractérisés les vagues migratoires et les construction d'appartenance et identité des migrants.Une caractéristique importante est l'hétérogénéité interne à la population italienne ou d'origine italienne de Grenoble ; il s'agit, en effet, d'un ensemble d'individus ou de groupes appartenant à différentes générations et provenant d'aires géographiques différentes, dont on peut observer les dynamiques communautaires ainsi que les liens avec le Pays de provenance et celui d'immigration et leur variations au cours de la période prise en compte.L'analyse de cette période – s'appuyant à des sources orales et d'archive – a montré que les conditions de vie, les rapports entre Italiens, Italiens et Français ou étrangers d'origine différente ont changé dans le temps suite à l'évolution de plusieurs variables, notamment la composition des flux migratoires, les parcours de mobilité sociale et économique, des facteurs générationnels, la réputation internationale du Pays d'origine, etcThis thesis aims to analyze, in an interdisciplinary perspective, the Italian migrations in Grenoble since the World War II and its representation. I tried to examine the various trends and generations of Italian immigrants in Grenoble and their relationship with Italy, also considering variables such as age, period of immigration, employment, social position. Moreover, analyzing quite a long time, I was able to compare the elements of continuity and discontinuity between present and past migrations, and among immigrants and their descendants.From a methodological point of view, I studied many sources: oral sources (about 80 interviews), archival sources, bibliographical sources, statistical data ... trying to maintain an interdisciplinary perspective.The thesis is divided into nine chapters and two main parts that follow a chronological order: the first part covers the period between World War II and the Nineties and the second part analyzes the contemporary migrations and the Italian presence in Grenoble. In the first part, I used archival sources and oral sources: in particular, I tried to describe the state policies on migration after the World War II, the regularization of immigrants and illegal migration across the Alps. I also described the efforts of some Italian immigrants to build a positive image through associations linked to the resistance and anti-fascism.Analyzing the following decades I have tried to examine some particular issues such as the social ascent of some immigrants, the role of women and family networks, the role of regional associations and the Italian church, the relations with immigrants of other countries, the development of economic and emotional links with Italy. The second part of this thesis studies the current situation: the new Italian immigrants in Grenoble and the different forms of self-representation, their identity as citizens of Italy and Europe, and later, examines the relationship between new and old immigrants and their children and grandchildren. I tried to show the complexity of the links between Italians and the country of origin; their relations with Italy, in fact, depending on the generation, social class, age and other individual variables. In this regard, for example, I have examined the question of mixed marriages and I analyzed all marriages of the Italian church since 1965.I described the places most frequented by Italians in Grenoble, and those who have a symbolic value. I also described the travels in Italy of immigrants, that include the holidays at places of origin, and also the weekend in Turin to buy food and other Italian products. Finally, from the analysis of individual and collective trajectories, I tried to reflect on the condition of the migrant in the past and present and to question some analytical categories, such as integration or assimilation
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Sánchez, Serra Daniel. "Determinants of the concentration of creative industries in Europe: a comparison between Spain, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377431.
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La tesis analiza los determinantes de la localización de las industrias creativas utilizando microdatos de empresas. Se utiliza un modelo adaptado para distinguir el efecto de las fuerzas económicas generales y de las fuerzas específicas creativas sobre la localización de las industrias creativas. El modelo se aplica a los sistemas locales de trabajo de cinco países europeos: Francia, Italia, Portugal, España y Reino Unido. Los resultados revelan que las economías externas tradicionales (economías de localización y de urbanización) afectan a la localización de las industrias creativas y se complementan con fuerzas específicas creativas. Además, se observan diferencias a nivel nacional y supra-nacional con relación a los principales determinantes de la localización de las industrias creativas. El estudio constituye así pues una base empírica para el diseño de políticas destinadas a estimular la capacidad de los territorios para atraer la creatividad y la innovación, según los objetivos definidos por la Comisión Europea.This thesis examines the determinants of localisation of creative industries by using plant-level microdata. The thesis proposes a model tailored to differentiate the effect of general-economic and specific-creative forces on the localisation of creative industries. The model is applied to the local labour systems of five European countries, namely, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. On the one hand, the results show that traditional external economies (localisation and urbanisation externalities) affect the location of creative industries, complemented by the effect of specific creative forces. On the other hand, differences are observed at the national level and at the supra-national level with regard to the main drivers fostering the localisation of creative industries. The results offer a novel insight into the determinants of location of creative industries. The work provides thus some empirical basis for the design of policies that may boost the capacity of territories for creativity and innovation, in line with the objectives set out by the European Commission.
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Risso, Linda. "From the European Defence Community to the Western European Union : a comparative study of France and Italy, 1950-1955." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614895.
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Cousido, Cores Carlos, and Cores Carlos Cousido. "Empirical Evidence of Factors Affecting Fine Wine Prices Using Hedonic Price Model The Case of Spain, France and Italy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624136.
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This study focuses on a hedonic wine price analysis in three different countries: Spain, France and Italy due to their relevant economic and production impact on the wine sector. After the analysis of empirical evidence, we decided to consider extra factors that have not yet been contemplated by the literature and that might impact the overall price of wine such as the source of the data, the consumers’ wine rate and the food that might have a good blend with a particular wine style.
To perform a statistical analysis, the data was collected from Wine-Searcher.com using the free version and the model used in this research considers the variables "experts and consumers rating", "wine vintage", "origin and appellation", "color", "grape/blend" and "food suggestion".
Results showed that the factors origin, appellation, grape/blend, color and experts' opinion are important features for price determination. In France and in Italy, consumers online review also play a role affecting wine prices. Another important result is the positive effect of wine bottle prices when purchased to be paired with certain food.
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Salerno, Eva. "Les Chinois catholiques de Paris et de Milan : étude ethnographique comparative de deux communautés de fidèles." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE5082.
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A Paris comme à Milan, l’implantation des communautés catholiques d’origine chinoise, qui se sont développées tout au long du XXe siècle, a suivi le rythme des fluctuations de l’histoire migratoire du continent asiatique. Prenant la mesure de l’enjeu de l’accueil de ces nouveaux fidèles, les autorités ecclésiastiques françaises et italiennes ont mis en place un certain nombre de structures et de dispositifs particuliers. A travers une étude ethnographique comparative, cette thèse propose d’analyser la façon dont les institutions ecclésiastiques de chaque pays accompagnent la structuration de ces groupes de fidèles chinois. Au cours de ce travail de recherche, nous nous sommes intéressés notamment aux différents parcours de vie de ces croyants, ainsi qu’aux motivations à la base de leur foi catholique. Plus particulièrement, nous avons analysé la façon dont ces éléments influençaient leur pratique quotidienne du catholicisme. Nous avons également étudié le rôle que ces communautés catholiques jouent en termes de maintien du lien de ces migrants chinois avec leur pays d’origine et leur cultureChinese Catholic communities living in Paris and Milan developed throughout 20th century following Asian migration flows. Being aware of the challenge of welcoming these new believers, French and Italian church authorities implemented specific structures for Catholic migrants. Through a comparative ethnographic study, this thesis offers to analyze how ecclesiastical institutions in Italy and France follow the structuring of Chinese faithful groups. During this research, we focused on churchgoers’ life stories and motivations behind their Catholic faith. More specifically, we analyzed how all these elements influenced their daily practice of Catholicism. We also studied the role that these Catholic communities play in terms of keeping connections between Chinese migrants and their culture