Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nar

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Academic literature on the topic 'Nar'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Nar"

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Wenzek, Felix, Alexander Biallas, and Sabine Müller. "Nicotinamide Riboside: What It Takes to Incorporate It into RNA." Molecules 29, no. 16 (2024): 3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163788.

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Nicotinamide is an important functional compound and, in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), is used as a co-factor by protein-based enzymes to catalyze redox reactions. In the context of the RNA world hypothesis, it is therefore reasonable to assume that ancestral ribozymes could have used co-factors such as NAD or its simpler analog nicotinamide riboside (NAR) to catalyze redox reactions. The only described example of such an engineered ribozyme uses a nicotinamide moiety bound to the ribozyme through non-covalent interactions. Covalent attachment of NAR to RNA could be advantageous, but the demonstration of such scenarios to date has suffered from the chemical instability of both NAR and its reduced form, NARH, making their use in oligonucleotide synthesis less straightforward. Here, we review the literature describing the chemical properties of the oxidized and reduced species of NAR, their synthesis, and previous attempts to incorporate either species into RNA. We discuss how to overcome the stability problem and succeed in generating RNA structures incorporating NAR.
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Moideen, Sanu P., Srinivas Kishore Sistla, Sabu Abdul Hameed Noorjehan, Razal Mohammed Sheriff, and Subina Beegum Samad. "Beyond the horizontal – impact of body position on nasal dynamics: insights from 4-phase positional rhinomanometry." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 15, no. 57 (2025): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2025-0006.

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Abstract BACKGROUND. Positive posture reaction is a common concern in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, which affects both their sleep quality and overall health-related quality of life. Rhinomanometry has been used as a functional test to assess nasal airway resistance (NAR) and measure nasal airflow (NAF). OBJECTIVE. We conducted this study using 4-phase positional rhinomanometry (4PPR) to investigate potential correlations between NAR and NAF when comparing the sitting and supine positions through the use of 4PPR. MATERIAL AND METHODS. This cross-sectional study involved a consecutive group of adult patients (n=115) diagnosed with OSA, aged 18 to 60 years. 4PPR evaluation was conducted in accordance with consensus guidelines. The assessments were carried out in both the sitting position and after 10 minutes in the supine position. Correlation and comparative analyses were conducted using Pearson correlation, Spear-man rank correlation, paired t-tests, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS. A statistically significant increase in total NAR (mean difference: +0.09 Pa/cm³/sec, p=0.048) and a significant decrease in total NAF (mean difference: -52.1 mL/sec, p=0.001) were observed during the transition from sitting to supine. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant rise in NAR for the right nasal cavity (p=0.0001), while the left side showed a non-significant increase (p=0.114). Both nostrils showed significant reductions in NAF (right: p=0.001, left: p=0.000). Classification of nasal obstruction based on sitting NAR and NAF indicated that patients with higher baseline NAR showed greater sensitivity to positional changes (Spearman’s ρ = -0.42, p<0.001). Conversely, changes in NAF were less dependent on baseline airflow (ρ = -0.15, p=0.12), suggesting alternative influencing factors. CONCLUSION. From our observations, it is clearly evident that the total nasal airway resistance increases, and the nasal airflow reduces on lying down, the primary source of variation being the posture changing. This finding is valuable in snorers and sleep apnea patients. 4-phase positional rhinomanometry should be performed to diagnose upper airway collapse in the supine position as part of the OSA evaluation.
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Shabalin, Konstantin, Kirill Nerinovski, Alexander Yakimov, et al. "NAD Metabolome Analysis in Human Cells Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (2018): 3906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123906.

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphorylated form, NADP, are the major coenzymes of redox reactions in central metabolic pathways. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is also used to generate second messengers, such as cyclic ADP-ribose, and serves as substrate for protein modifications including ADP-ribosylation and protein deacetylation by sirtuins. The regulation of these metabolic and signaling processes depends on NAD availability. Generally, human cells accomplish their NAD supply through biosynthesis using different forms of vitamin B3: Nicotinamide (Nam) and nicotinic acid as well as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinic acid riboside (NAR). These precursors are converted to the corresponding mononucleotides NMN and NAMN, which are adenylylated to the dinucleotides NAD and NAAD, respectively. Here, we have developed an NMR-based experimental approach to detect and quantify NAD(P) and its biosynthetic intermediates in human cell extracts. Using this method, we have determined NAD, NADP, NMN and Nam pools in HEK293 cells cultivated in standard culture medium containing Nam as the only NAD precursor. When cells were grown in the additional presence of both NAR and NR, intracellular pools of deamidated NAD intermediates (NAR, NAMN and NAAD) were also detectable. We have also tested this method to quantify NAD+ in human platelets and erythrocytes. Our results demonstrate that 1H NMR spectroscopy provides a powerful method for the assessment of the cellular NAD metabolome.
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محمد, عمران على. "تأثير التلقيح ببكتيريا العقد الجذرية على نمو الأكاسيا ساليجنا ( Acacia saligna ) وتكوين العقد الجذرية تحت تأثير الإجهاد الملحي". Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 33, № 3 (2018): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v33i3.247.

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أجريت التجربة في الصوبة لدراسة تأثير التلقيح بسلالات مختلفة من بكتيريا العقد الجذرية المعزولة من جذور شتلات الاكاسيا ساليجنا Acacia saligna) ) على تكوين العقد الجذرية وتثبيت النيتروجين ونمو نباتات الاكاسيا ساليجنا تحت تأثير مستويات مختلفة من الملوحة ( dsm-1 4 ، 5 ، 8 ، 10 ) على التوالي والتلقيح بالسلالات التالية (NA1, NA2 , NA3 , NA4) ومعاملة ( NA0 ) بدون تلقيح , وبثلاث مكررات لكل معاملة نفذت التجربة في أصص باستخدام تربة جيرية من منطقة الوسيطة وتم دراسة تأثير المستويات المختلفة للملوحة على نمو نباتات الاكاسيا ساليجنا وتكوين العقد الجذرية وتثبيت النيتروجين , حيث أظهرت النتائج أن التلقيح بالسلالات المختلفة من بكتيريا العقد الجذرية قلل معنويا من الآثار الضارة الناجمة عن الإجهاد الملحي حيث تفوقت النباتات الملقحة بالسلالات الرايزوبيمRhizobium) ) المختلفة على المعاملة الغير ملقحة بقدرتها على تحمل التركيزات المختلفة من الملوحة. كما أشارت النتائج إلى تفوق السلالة ( ( NA4على بقية السلالات NA1), NA2 , NA3 ) في كل الصفات المدروسة و أظهرت النتائج أن مستويات الملوحة العالية كان لها فروق معنوية مقارنة بأقل مستوى ملوحة ( dsm-1 4 ) حيث تفوق هذا المستوى على بقية التركيزات في كل الصفات المدروسة (عدد العقد الجذرية المتكونة لكل نبات , الوزن الجاف للعقد الجذرية المتكونة , الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري , تركيز النيتروجين في التربة ). كان تأثير التداخل بين التلقيح بسلالات الرايزوبيم ومستوى الملوحة ( dsm-1 4 ) أكثر تفوق مقارنة بالمستويات الأخرى للملوحة في كل الصفات المدروسة
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Zou, Linfeng, Bing Liang, YuanZhen Gao, et al. "Nicotinic Acid Riboside Regulates Nrf-2/P62-Related Oxidative Stress and Autophagy to Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury." BioMed Research International 2022 (February 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6293329.

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Doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of various cancers. Due to its potential fatal cardiotoxic side effects, the clinical application is often limited. Dexrazoxane (Dex) is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity but has side effects. Thus, more protective strategies should be explored. If NAD+ plays a role in maintaining heart function, its precursor prospectively alleviates Dox-induced cellular injury. Here, we studied the protective effects of nicotinic acid riboside (NAR) on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. We found that NAR significantly improved the cardiac function of Dox-treated mice by restoring ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and serum level of cardiac troponin (cTnI). NAR not only reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Dox-treated cardiomyocytes but also further promoted the activities of cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Following exposure to 5 μM Dox, cotreatment with NAR exhibited increased cell viability with a decrease in the apoptosis cell population. Moreover, the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, as well as proteins involved in oxidative stress and autophagy, were altered after NAR treatment. Collectively, these findings underline the protective potential of NAR against Dox-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating Nrf-2/P62-related oxidative stress and autophagy, which could potentially promote survival.
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Bjerck, Hein B. "NAR Backstage." Norwegian Archaeological Review 39, no. 2 (2006): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293650601135385.

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Ergülen, Haydar, and Murat Nemet-Nejat. "Pomegranate (Nar)." Translation Review 68, no. 1 (2004): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2004.10523889.

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Zhou, Meijia, Jinlong Wang, Haibo Hu, et al. "Simulated Nitric Acid Rain Aggravated the C and P Limits of Forest Soil Microorganisms." Forests 14, no. 5 (2023): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14051044.

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With the comprehensive emissions of fossil fuel combustion and transportation waste gas, the concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX) in the environmental atmosphere increase significantly, leading to nitric acid rain (NAR) pollution. However, the effects of NAR on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial metabolism are unclear. In this study, the Quercus acutissima Carruth. forest in the Yangtze River Delta of China was selected as the experimental subject, and was exposed to the simulated spraying of NAR with pH values of 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 to study the response of the forest soil enzyme activities and soil microbial metabolism to NAR. The results showed that compared to the non-NAR treatment, the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), L-leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and β-1,4-N-acetylglucosidase (NAG) decreased by 56.48%–42.24%, 44.57%–38.20%, and 56.13%–48.11% under the AR2.5 and AR3.5 treatments, respectively. Moreover, there was no significant change in the Vector Length (VL) under different gradients of NAR. The Vector Angle (VA) increased with the decrease of the pH value and reached the maximum value with the AR2.5 treatment, indicating that the strong acid type NAR had a greater phosphorus-limiting effect on the soil microorganisms. The RDA analysis results showed that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was a significant factor affecting the soil enzyme activity and stoichiometric ratio, with interpretation rates of 40.2%. In conclusion, we believe that in the restoration of acidified soil, attention should be paid to the regulation of soil pH, reducing scour.
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Shelly and Minakshi Sharma. "Nitrate Reductase Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 4583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2740.

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Nanoparticles of enzyme Nitrate reductase (NaR) a soluble homodimer enzyme of ∼100 kDa polypeptide with cofactors – FAD, heme-molybdopterin (Mo-MPT) and electron donor NAD(P)H, catalyses the reduction of nitrate to nitrite has been synthesised. Nanoparticles of Nitrate reductase enzyme have been prepared by chemical desolvation method including glutaraldehyde cross-linking to form the nanoaggregate. Characterisation of NaR nanoparticles has been made by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-Visible Spectroscopy and by electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study (EIS). TEM study revealed the size of globular aggregated was in the range of 20–30 nm. UV Visible spectroscopic studies depicted that the absorption of NaR NPS is much higher at 560 nm than that of the free enzyme, which showed maximum absorption at 540 nm. NaR NPs aggregates formed were more active, highly stable, have a higher shelf life and can be reused repeatedly. Enzyme nanoparticles with 10-100 nm dimensions and exhibit unique physical, chemical and catalytic properties due to increased surface area. Nitrate reductase nanoparticles can be used as a biochemical tool to increase protein production and grain yield by promoting amino acids production in plants. The synthesised NaR NPs are used in the fabrication of enzyme-based nanosensor in the detection of nitrates in drinking water and serum samples.
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Cantone, Elena, Aikaterini Detoraki, and Eugenio De Corso. "Local Allergic Rhinitis: A Different Rhinitis Endotype? Literature Overview." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (2022): 11141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111141.

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Chronic rhinitis (CR) is commonly divided into allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). AR is triggered by the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response to allergens, whereas NAR is characterized by the absence of allergic sensitization. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of local IgE in the nasal mucosa of patients suffering from typical allergic rhinitis (AR) symptoms but without a history of atopy and a positive response to a nasal allergen challenge (NAC). This condition was recently defined as local allergic rhinitis (LAR), which is supposed to be a different CR characterized by a type 2 (T2) inflammation response with the release of typical T2 mediators. LAR is defined as a phenotype of AR characterized by a localized nasal allergic response that is negative skin prick testing to allergens in the absence of serum-specific IgE. Diagnosis is based on a positive response to NAC. This review is an update of LAR literature, focusing on the definition of LAR as an independent endotype. LAR, AR, and NAR are characterized by the same clinical symptoms, although there are some differences between these three subtypes. However, the literature data are not yet univocal in defining LAR as an independent endotype.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nar"

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Walters, D. E. "A further nar gene in Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383761.

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Ventris, P. A. "Pleistocene environmental history of the Nar Valley, Norfolk." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372911.

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Bonnefoy, Violaine. "Nitrate réductases chez Escherichia coli K12 : régulation de l'operon nar GHJI et mise en évidence de l'isoenzyme narZ." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22004.

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La biosynthese de la nitrate reductase d'escherichia coli est etudiee grace a une fusion d'operons entre le promoteur de l'operon nar ghji codant pour cet enzyme et les genes lac. Induite par le nitrate en anaerobiose, controlee positivement par le produit du gene fnr et autoregulee. Des mutants dee regulation, constitufifs, d'une part, dereprimes vis-a-vis de l'oxygene d'autre part, ont ete isoles. La zone de regulation de l'operon nar est compose de 2 ou 3 domaines: 1) le site de fixation du complexe represseur-corepresseur, responsable du controle par le nitrate, 2) le site de fixation de l'autoregulateur qui chevauche le domaine precedent, 3) le site de fixation de la proteine fnr, par l'intermediaire de laquelle le controle par l'oxygene se fait
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Thapa, थापा Remika रेमिका. "Haimandas Rai 'Kirat' ka kathama chitrit nar-nari sambandha: vivechanatmak Adhyayan हेमनदास राइ 'किरात' का कथामा चित्रित नर-नारी संबंध : विवेचनात्मक अध्ययन". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2634.

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Schröder, Luciane Thomé. "Entre as linhas do discurso do conforto espiritual : uma análise da literatura Nar-Anon." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000171477.

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Este trabalho investiga algumas materialidades discursivas mobilizadas pelo grupo de apoio a familiares de dependentes químicos, um grupo que, constituído, passa a se chamar Grupo Familiar Nar-Anon. Trata-se de um grupo de ajuda mútua, que tem por base a troca de experiências e se orienta pelos princípios dos Doze Passos e das Doze Tradições, oriundos do grupo dos Alcóolicos Anônimos. Para a pesquisa, selecionaram-se alguns textos cujo discurso permite compreender o funcionamento da entidade (como ela pensa, por exemplo, o problema da adicção) e os efeitos de sentido que os temas provocam sobre os familiares de drogados. Os textos selecionados para análise tratam, assim, de assuntos diversos, relacionados aos problemas vivenciados pelo familiar de um adicto, além dos Doze Passos e das Doze Tradições e outros, como uma carta de drogado dirigido aos pais. Esses discursos são levados às reuniões de grupo na forma de pautas para reflexão, mas com um objetivo: tornar-se uma base de apoio para o sujeito co-dependente (como são definidos os pais de drogados membros do grupo). Entendeu-se, assim, no decorrer do estudo, que esses discursos superam a mera reflexão e se tornam, efetivamente, um guia sobre o modo de ser e de agir do pai e da mãe do drogado, conduzindo-os a uma compreensão sobre o problema da co-dependência e passam a se impor por meio de uma prática de adesão que não permite escolhas e determina que o membro deve seguir um conjuntos de regras prontas e acabadas. Os resultados a que se chegou mostram que discursos de apoio sustentados pelos Doze Passos e pelas Doze Tradições se valem da emoção já fragilizada das pessoas, que, mais do que discursos, necessitam de um espaço onde possam assumir seus problemas sem o julgamento da sociedade que, a partir de valores socioideológicos, não deixa de emitir julgamentos sobre o que já definiu, de antemão, como errado. Para a condução das discussões, recorreu-se aos estudos da Análise de Discurso de orientação francesa, tendo por mote as leituras de fundação da teoria a partir dos estudos de Michel Pêcheux e de outros pesquisadores da área do discurso. A escolha pela teoria permite entender o movimento dos sentidos que emergem da discussão como práticas ideológicas afetadas por suas condições de produção. Suas materialidades passam a ser reveladoras de como os sujeitos, imersos num determinado problema, ainda que inconscientemente, deixam entrever, nas práticas discursivas que organizam, interdiscursos que, à luz da teoria, revelam as formações discursivas que se colocam em cena, sem que se deseje, mas que, nas entrelinhas do dizer, manifestam outra ordem discursiva, que, no caso deste estudo, mostra que o discurso de apoio ao outro pode ser individualista, egoísta e preocupado (ainda que não o deseje assim) com a sua própria manutenção. Comprova-se este fato, já que o discurso em estudo supera barreiras de tempo e espaço, colocando-se, ainda que remonte ao século passado, como atual, e se impõe a cada nova sala aberta em que familiares de drogados, por exemplo, reúnem-se para refletir sobre a sua situação.<br>This study examines some discursive materialities mobilized by the group of support tofamily members of drug addicts, a group that, after established, is named Nar-Anon Family Group. It is a self-help group based on the exchange of experiences and guided by the principles of the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions, from the group of Alcoholics Anonymous. The texts selected for the study present a discourse that allow us to understand the functioning of the entity (how it conceives, for example, the problem of addiction) and the effects of meaning that the issues cause on the family members of drug addicts. The texts under analysis, therefore, deal with various issues concerning the problems experienced by the family member of an addict, in addition to the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions and others, such as a letter of a drug addict addressed to his/her parents. These discourses are brought to the group meetings in the form of guidelines for reflection, but with a goal: become a support base for the co-dependent (as the parents of drug addicts who are members of the group are defined). During the study, it was found that these discourses outweigh the mere reflection and become, effectively, a guide on how to act and be for the father and the mother of the drug addict, leading them to an understanding of the problem of co-dependency. The discourses are imposed through a practice of membership that does not allow for choices and determines that the member must follow a set of already-established rules. The results shows that discourses of support maintained by the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions use the emotion already weakened of people, who, more than discourse, need a space where they could take on their problems without the judgment of society, which, based on socioideological values, never stops making judgments about what it has already defined as wrong. In order to guide the discussions, we used the studies of French Discourse Analysis, mainly the readings concerning the theory foundation based on the studies of Michel Pêcheux and other researchers of the field of the discourse. The choice of the theory allows us to understand the movement of meanings that emerge from the discussion as ideological practices affected by their conditions of production. Their materialities become revealing of how the subjects, immersed in a given problem, albeit unconsciously, enables, in their discursive practices, a glimpse of interdiscourses that, in the light of the theory, unveil the discursive formations that are brought into play. This is done without any intention, but, between the lines of the saying, manifest another discursive order, which, particularly in this study, shows that the discourse in support of the other may be individualistic, selfish and concerned (although this is not desired) with its own maintenance. This fact is testified because the discourse under study overcomes barriers of time and space, being stated as a current one, although going back to the last century, and it is imposed to each new open room in which family members of drug addicts, for example, gather to reflect on their situation.
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Salvatori, Tamara. "Modelagem caixa-preta de biorreatores em modo descontínuo utilizando modelos polinomiais do tipo NAR e NARMA." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/148790.

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Biorreatores, que são explorados desde a antiguidade, são sistemas capazes de realizar a fermentação de compostos orgânicos, continuam sendo amplamente utilizados atualmente devido à diversidade de aplicações. Esses sistemas podem operar em diferentes modos de fermentação, entretanto, os mais utilizados são: fermentação contínua, semicontínua e descontínua. Esse último, juntamente com o processo de digestão anaeróbia (ausência de oxigênio), permitem que uma determinada matéria orgânica seja degradada e transformada em biogás, um dos fatores chave para geração de energia limpa. Percebe-se, portanto, que o estudo de biorreatores em modo de operação descontínuo e em processo de digestão anaeróbia é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas à geração de energia renovável. Para facilitar o entendimento desse processo, alguns autores propuseram estudos baseados na identificação de parâmetros em modelos não-lineares descritivos, do tipo caixa-branca, que hoje são vastamente utilizados na modelagem de biorreatores. A grande limitação dessa abordagem é que o processo de identificação de sistemas utilizando esses modelos pode ser complexo e demorado, ou, ainda, os parâmetros dos sistemas representados podem não ser identificáveis, inviabilizando o procedimento. Tentando amenizar essas dificuldades, propomos neste trabalho a utilização de modelos polinomiais NAR e NARMA do tipo caixa-preta para a modelagem de biorreatores em modo de fermentação descontínua. Modelos caixa-preta representam sistemas reais por meio de sua saída, sem informação sobre os mecanismos internos desse sistema, simplificando a identificação. Frente a esse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar a predição e, por consequência, realizar o monitoramento da produção de metano utilizando os modelos caixa-preta propostos em sistemas de biorreatores em modo descontínuo e em processo de digestão anaeróbia. Realizamos estudos que abarcam a investigação de dados simulados e de dados reais. Num primeiro momento são propostos modelos polinomiais dos tipos NAR e NARMA. A partir desses modelos são estimados os parâmetros dos sistemas simulados, com e sem ruído na saída, baseados em condições iniciais propostas na literatura, que denominamos Grupo de Controle. Posteriormente realizamos as validações desses modelos. Em seguida, passamos à etapa de investigação do domínio de validade dos modelos caixa-preta propostos, realizando um estudo em que modificamos as condições iniciais do sistema que representa biorreatores em modo de fermentação descontínua. Por fim, utilizamos dados de um experimento real para realizar o processo de estimação de parâmetros e de validação dos modelos. Os resultados mostraram que os modelos polinomiais NAR e NARMA são bastante adequados para predição de metano em biorreatores em modo de fermentação descontínua em processo de digestão anaeróbia, tanto para os dados simulados quanto para os dados reais.<br>Bioreactors, which are explored since antiquity, are systems that are capable of performing the fermentation of organic compounds. Nowadays, they are widely applied due to its diversity of applications. These systems can operate in different fermentation modes: continuous, fed-batch and batch. This last fermentation method along with the process of anaerobic digestion allow organic matter to be degraded and converted into biogas, which is a key factor for clean energy generation. It is thus realized that the study of bioreactors in batch mode and anaerobic digestion process is crucial to the development of research related to renewable energy generation. For a better understanding of the process, some authors have proposed studies based on parameters identification in descriptive nonlinear models, white-box models, which are widely used in bioreactors modeling. The main limitation of this approach is that the system identification procedure using these models can be complex and time-consuming, or even the parameters of the systems may not be identifiable. In order to overcome these difficulties, we propose in this work the use of black-box polynomial models for bioreactor modeling in batch mode, with NAR and NARMA model structures. Black-box models represent real systems using its output, without explicitly considering the inner mechanisms of the system, simplifying the identification procedure. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the prediction and monitoring methane production using the black-box models proposed using bioreactor systems in batch and anaerobic digestion process. The investigation uses numerical simulation and experimental data. At first, polynomial models of the types NAR and NARMA are proposed. The parameters from these models using simulation data with and without noise at the output, based on initial conditions proposed in the literature, are estimated. Subsequently we perform validations of these models. The next step is the study of the validity domain of the proposed black-box models, which is performed by testing many different initial conditions of the system that represents bioreactors in batch fermentation mode. Finally, we used real experimental data to perform the estimation of the parameters from the process and validation of models. The results, both simulated and experimental, indicate that the polynomial models NAR and NARMA are appropriate for prediction of methane fermentation in batch bioreactors.
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England, Ann. "Late holocene palaeoecology of Cappadocia (Central Turkey) : an investigation of annually laminated sediments from Nar Golu crater lake." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479121.

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Gidlöf, Emilia, and Sun Karpe. "”Samlag /.../ det ar nar man hejjar på samma lag" : Skolkuratorers syn på sexualiteten hos unga med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103168.

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Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine how the sexuality of young people with intellectual disability (ID) are constructed, based on how school counselors describe the situatuation of these youths and based on how the counselors describe their role in giving advice and discussing sex and relationships. The empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviewes with seven scool counselors and one consultant. The material was analyzed on the basis of theories about sexual script, stigma and social constructivism. The results showed that school counselors saw the young people with ID as a vulnerable group and as a group worthy of protection. Most of them had a picture of young girls as more vulnerable than young boys. Several counselors talked about the lack of knowledge about sex and relationships regarding young people with ID. The counselors had generally an open approach towards young people with ID and their sexuality and they worked in several different ways to try to meet the needs of young people. Among other things, by talking about relationships and desire, but also the ability to set limits. Keywords: youth, intellectual disability, school counselors, sex and relationships Nyckelord: unga, intellektuell funktionsnedsattning, kurator, sex och samlevnad
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Seger, Elvira. ""Att skriva musik, det kan väl inte vara så svårt?" En beskrivning av kompositionsprocesser och hur låtarna påverkas nar de spelas med musiker." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65782.

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Neuville, Luc. "S nar inter- et intramoleculaire : approche vers la synthese totale de la teicoplanine synthese combinatoire de bibliotheques aryl-amines synthese de nouveaux ligands tri- et tetradentes." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112246.

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Dans la premiere partie de ce travail, nous nous sommes interesses a la synthese de la teicoplanine, antibiotique, utilise dans le traitement d'infections bacteriennes. Par l'utilisation de deux reactions de substitution nucleophile aromatique (s nar) intamoleculaires sequentielles, un analogue bicyclique a 16 + 14 chainons de la partie est de la teicoplanine, comportant deux liaison ether-biaryl, a ete obtenu. Comme modele de la partie ouest de la teicoplanine, nous avons choisi de realiser un bicycle a 16 + 12 chainons, comprenant une liaison ether-biaryl (cycle a 16) et une liaison biarylique (cycle a 12). Nous avons base notre synthese sur l'utilisation de deux s nar, l'une intermoleculaire, l'autre intramoleculaire, et une macrolactamisation transannulaire. La s nar intermoleculaire nous a fourni le compose biarylique avec un rendement de 80%. Ensuite nous avons realise, par s nar intramoleculaire, un macrocycle a 22 chainons. La macrolactamisation transannulaire n'a pas conduit au compose bicyclique souhaite. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons egalement applique la reaction de s nar, mais cette fois intermoleculaire, a la chimie combinatoire en solution. Une bibliotheque indexee de 48 acyl-arylpiperazines a ete creee en melange, en utilisant la technique d'extraction acido-basique comme moyen de purification. La strategie adoptee a ete generalisee et permet la synthese de bibliotheques d'acyl-aryldiamines, d'alkyl-arylpiperazines et de benzodiazepinones. La troisieme partie de ce travail a ete consacree a la conception et a la synthese d'une nouvelle famille de ligands tri et tetradentes. La preparation de ces composes est obtenue par la reaction de s nar, a partir de fluoro-nitro-aryloxazolines et d'aminoalcools. La transformation de la fonction nitro sur ces ligands, a ete abordee. Des reactions de trimethylsilylcyanation d'aldehydes asymetriques, catalysees par le titane en presence de ces ligands, ont ete realisees et les resultats discutes.
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Books on the topic "Nar"

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Gemynthe, Finn. Arbejdets nar. Vindrose, 1988.

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Ören, Aras. Nar çiçeği. AFA, 1988.

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Luvsant͡sėrėn, P. Nar shingėėguĭ. ["Mongol Uran Zokhiol" Khėvlėliĭn Gazar], 1999.

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Narant︠s︡ét︠s︡ég, Bégzsúréngiĭn. Shóniĭn nar. Od svit, 2007.

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Sodov, L. Khavryn nar. Ulsyn Khėvlėliĭn Khėrėg Ėrkhlėkh Khoroo, 1985.

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Galsan, Toĭsomyn. Baavaĭ nar. Bembi San, 2007.

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Liempd, Ron van. De nar. Prometheus, 2000.

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Luvsant︠s︡ėrėn, P. Nar shingėėgu̇ĭ. Mongolyn Zokhiolchdyn Ėvlėl, 1999.

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Margaryan, Lusine. Nar-Dos. Ēditʻ print, 2011.

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editor, Virabyan Nver compiler, ed. Nar-Dos. Ēditʻ Print, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nar"

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Hofmann, Tessa. "Nar-Dos." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL). J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_16572-1.

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Gianashian O Mech, Mesrop, and Tessa Hofmann. "Nar-Dos: Mahẹ." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL). J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_16573-1.

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Major, David C., and Harry E. Schwarz. "NAR Planning: An Overview." In Large-Scale Regional Water Resources Planning. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2011-8_3.

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Hildebrandt, Kristine A. "Converb and aspect-marking polysemy in Nar*." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.142.06hil.

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Kerem, Yitzchak. "Albertos Nar, From Historian to Author and Ethnographer." In Jewish Literatures and Cultures in Southeastern Europe. Böhlau Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205212904.407.

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Espinoza E., Nathaly A., Ricardo P. Almeida G, Luis Escobar, and David Loza. "Development of a Social Robot NAR for Children’s Education." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32033-1_33.

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Chrobak, Jarosław, and Andrzej Pacut. "Dynamic Programming with NAR Model versus Q-learning — Case Study." In Neural Networks and Soft Computing. Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1902-1_113.

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Md. Ghani, Nor Azura, Saadi bin Ahmad Kamaruddin, Norazan Mohamed Ramli, and Ali Selamat. "Authenticating ANN-NAR and ANN-NARMA Models Utilizing Bootstrap Techniques." In Intelligent Information and Database Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54472-4_71.

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Brogin, João A. F., Jean Faber, and Douglas D. Bueno. "A General NAR Model for Seizure Identification Across Different Patients." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49401-7_2.

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Zondergeld, Rein A. "Scharten-Antink, Margo / Scharten, Carel T.: De nar uit de Maremmen." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL). J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_22702-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nar"

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Ade-Ibijola, Abejide, and George Obaido. "S-NAR." In the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3129416.3129454.

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Basar, H. S., O. Güreli, and Y. Sakallıoğlu. "Güncel veri toplama tekniklerinden Nar Modelinin geliştirilmesi: Nar Modeli-II." In 19th International Petroleum and Natural Gas Congress and Exhibition of Turkey. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.380.19.

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Ataalah, Mohammed, Ibtisam A. Hasan, and Mohammed Jawad Mohammed. "An intelligent modeling of photovoltaic comparison among NAR, NARX, and nonlinear." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF ALKAFEEL UNIVERSITY (ISCKU 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0066828.

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"Nar Kabuğundan Elde Edilen Hard Karbonun Karakterizasyonu." In 2nd International Conference on Recent Academic Studies ICRAS 2023. All Sciences Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/as-proceedings.97.

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Farrokhrouz, Mohsen, and M. R. Asef. "Production Enhancement via Scale Removal in Nar Formation." In SPE Production and Operations Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/135854-ms.

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Tardy, Nathan. "Quick Link: A NAR Level 2 Certification Rocket." In 2024 Regional Student Conferences, Region I - North East. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-80134.

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Li, Yifan, Kun Zhou, Wayne Xin Zhao, and Ji-Rong Wen. "Diffusion Models for Non-autoregressive Text Generation: A Survey." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/750.

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Non-autoregressive (NAR) text generation has attracted much attention in the field of natural language processing, which greatly reduces the inference latency but has to sacrifice the generation accuracy. Recently, diffusion models, a class of latent variable generative models, have been introduced into NAR text generation, showing an improved text generation quality. In this survey, we review the recent progress in diffusion models for NAR text generation. As the background, we first present the general definition of diffusion models and the text diffusion models, and then discuss their merits for NAR generation. As the core content, we further introduce two mainstream diffusion models in existing work of text diffusion, and review the key designs of the diffusion process. Moreover, we discuss the utilization of pre-trained language models (PLMs) for text diffusion models and introduce optimization techniques for text data. Finally, we discuss several promising directions and conclude this paper. Our survey aims to provide researchers with a systematic reference of related research on text diffusion models for NAR generation. We also demonstrate our collection of text diffusion models at https://github.com/RUCAIBox/Awesome-Text-Diffusion-Models.
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Lenham, Rhianna, Qiuping Wang, Xiu Wang, and Peter Dettmar. "Pepsin as a biomarker of reflux in NAR patients." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2604.

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Raj, Jennifer William, and S. Hemraj Lamkuche. "Optimize spot instance bidding strategies using nar neural network." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS SCIENCE, STRUCTURES, AND MANUFACTURING. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0175772.

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Ahmad, Parvez, and Nitin Singh. "Optimal Sizing of ESS in a Hybrid Wind-Diesel Power System Using NAR and NARX Model." In 2020 IEEE 7th Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upcon50219.2020.9376444.

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Reports on the topic "Nar"

1

Buchak, Greg, Gregor Matvos, Tomasz Piskorski, and Amit Seru. NAR Settlement, House Prices, and Consumer Welfare. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32855.

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Tummaruk, Padet, Kakanang Buranaamnuay, Wanpen Adulyanubap, Jinda Singlor, and Mongkol Techakumphu. Development of techniques for freezing boar semen. Chulalongkorn University, 2006. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2006.91.

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of boar semen cryopreservation in Thailand and to investigate factors that could affect the boar semen quality after cryopreservation. Fifteen purebred boars (5 Landrace, 5 Yorkshire and 5 Duroc) from 2 commercial herds in Nakorn-prathom province were used in the experiment. Three ejaculates from each boar were collected with over one-week interval using gloved-hand technique. After collection, the semen was diluted with isothermal Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) extender. Diluted semen was held at 15 °C for 2 h and centrifuged. The supernatant was discarded and the semen precipitant was re-suspended with lactose-egg yolk (LEY) extender. The diluted semen was cool down to 5°C within 90 min. Two parts of semen were mixed with one part of LEY extender with 9% glycerol and 1.5% Equex-STM®. Thereafter, the processed semen was loaded into 0.5 mL straws. The straws were placed in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor approximately 3 cm above the level of the LN2 for 20 min and then were plunged into LN2. Thawing was achieved by immersing the straws in water at 50 °C for 12 second. After thawing, the semen was diluted (1:4) with an extender consisting of 95% BTS and 5% LEY extender. The extended thawed semen was incubated in a 38 °C water-bath for 30 min before evaluating the semen quality after thawing. Sperm concentration, individual motility, sperm viability, percentage of normal apical ridge (NAR), sperm plasma membrane function (sHost) and sperm plasma membrane integrity (SYBR) were evaluated. The semen qualities before and after thawing were compared for each boar using paired t-test. Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the correlation among all sperm parameters that were measured. Data on individual motility, viability, NAR, sHost positive spermatozoa and SYBR after thawing were analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of the SAS. On average, the sperm concentration of pre-diluted fresh semen was 529.7x106 spz/mL and the sperm concentration of frozen thawed semen was 811x106 spz/mL. The individual motility, the sperm viability, the NAR, the sHost and the SYBR of boar spermatozoa after frozen-thawed were 28%, 36.2%, 26.4%, 18.5% and 30.9%, respectively. All of the sperms parameters measured significantly decreased after frozen and thawed i.e., individual motility decreased by 44.2%, sperm viability decreased by 37.9% and NAR deceased by 59.5%. The individual motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa was significantly correlated with the sperm viability (P&lt;0.001), the NAR (P&lt;0.02), the sHOST (P&lt;0.001) and the membrane integrity (SYBR) (P&lt;0.001). The higher concentration of frozen-thawed semen resulted in the lower membrane integrity (r=-0.3, P=0.04). Breed of boars and the individual boar within the same breed significantly influenced most of the sperm parameters after being frozen-thawed. The sperm viability of frozen-thawed semen in Duroc and Landrace boars was significantly higher than Yorkshire boars (P&lt;0.05). The membrane integrity of frozen-thawed semen in Landrace boar was significantly higher than Yorkshire boars (P&lt;0.05). In conclusions, the semen cryopreservation of boar could be performed successfully in Thailand with an average concentration of spermatozoa in frozen thawed semen of 811x106 spz/mL, the individual motility of 28% and the sperm viability of 36%. Breed of boars and the individual boar within the same breed significantly influenced most of the sperm parameters after being frozen-thawed.
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Bazan, G. C., R. R. Schrock, H. N. Cho, and V. C. Gibson. Polymerization of Functionalized Norbornenes Employing Mo(CH-t-Bu)(NAr) (O-t-Bu)2 as the Initiator. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230034.

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Shastri, Ananda. NMR and NQR study of the thermodynamically stable quasicrystals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/108133.

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Murty, A. N. NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5163494.

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Murty, A. N. NQR-NMR studies of higher alcohol synthesis Cu-Co catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7090663.

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O'Donnell, W. J., P. G. Papanikolaou, and C. B. Reed. The thermophysical and transport properties of eutectic NaK near room temperature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5935241.

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Sorte, Eric. Aerial Crosspolarized NQR-NMR: Buried Explosive Detection From a Safe Distance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1673816.

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Story, Natasha. Investigating the Curing Process of Epoxy Thermosets by Near-Infrared (nIR) Spectroscopy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1660573.

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Cuéllar Boada, Fidel H. A governança corporativa em empresas de água e saneamento. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010377.

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Esta nota técnica contém uma metodologia para promover a adoção sistemática de boas práticas de governança corporativa por parte de empresas prestadoras de serviços de água potável e saneamento - especialmente empresas de propriedade estatal - na América Latina e no Caribe com base nas experiências de projetos apoiados pelo Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento e em outros casos relevantes de empresas que prestam serviços de abastecimento de água, coleta e tratamento de esgotos. A metodologia serve para avaliar o estágio de implementação de práticas de governança corporativa nas empresas e para facilitar seu desenvolvimento progressivo ou plano de ação em etapas sucessivas. A metodologia introduz também o marco teórico, a fim de que a governança corporativa nas empresas de água e saneamento contribua para o uso eficiente e sustentável dos recursos da empresa e para que o investimento social em água e saneamento na região contribua para a consecução das Metas do Milênio.
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