Academic literature on the topic 'Nar (African people)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nar (African people)"
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Kennedy, Maureen Shawn. "Will the People of East Africa Survive?" AJN, American Journal of Nursing 111, no. 11 (2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000407276.41018.65.
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Seberechts, Frank. ""Liewer op 'n meshoop". De Zuid-Afrikaanse Kompagnie en de Dietse uitwijking na de Tweede Wereldoorlog." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 70, no. 4 (2011): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v70i4.12294.
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In het ADVN bevinden zich twee documenten die werden opgesteld en verspreid door de “Zuid-Afrikaanse Kompagnie” (ZAK). Deze organisatie trachtte in de eerste jaren na de Tweede Wereldoorlog Vlamingen te overhalen naar Zuid-Afrika te emigreren. Het was de bedoeling dat zij daar zouden meewerken aan de regeneratie van het Dietse volk. Met hun initiatief sluiten de auteurs aan bij een bredere stroom van tegelijkertijd imperialistische en volksnationalistische denkbeelden die de uitbreiding van het territorium zien als een noodzaak voor de versterking of de regeneratie van het eigen volk of ras. Vermoedelijk komen de documenten uit kringen van voormalige leden van de dissidente Vlaams-nationalistische jeugdbeweging.________“Rather on a dung heap”. The South-African Company and the Diets’ (Greater Netherlands) emigration after the Second World War. The ADVN holds two documents that were written and distributed by the “South African Company” (ZAK). In the first years after the Second World War, this organisation attempted to persuade Flemish people to emigrate to South Africa. It was the intention that they would cooperate in the regeneration of the Diets nation. With this initiative, the authors followed in the larger wake of imperialistic and extreme nationalist ideas, which consider the expansion of the territory as a necessity for the reinforcement or regeneration of their own people or race. It is likely that the documents originated from the groups of former members of the dissident Flemish nationalist youth movement.
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Blanchette, Frances, and Chris Collins. "On the Subject of Negative Auxiliary Inversion." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 64, no. 1 (2018): 32–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2018.22.
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AbstractThis article presents a novel analysis ofNegative Auxiliary Inversion(NAI) constructions such asdidn't many people eat, in which a negated auxiliary appears in pre-subject position. NAI, found in varieties including Appalachian, African American, and West Texas English, has a word order identical to a yes/no question, but is pronounced and interpreted as a declarative. We propose that NAI subjects are negative DPs, and that the negation raises from the subject DP to adjoin to Fin (a functional head in the left periphery). Three properties of NAI motivate this analysis: (i) scope freezing effects, (ii) the various possible and impossible NAI subject types, and (iii) the incompatibility of NAI constructions with true Double-Negation interpretations. Implications for theories of Negative Concord, Negative Polarity Items, and the representation of negation are discussed.
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Bom, K. L. "Verder reiken naar genezing. Een theologisch gesprek tussen christenen uit Afrika, de Andes en Nederland." Theologia Reformata 63, no. 4 (2020): 390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/tr.63.4.390-404.
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This article aims to establish an intercultural theological dialogue among African, South American Andes and Dutch perspectives about healing. Part one explores different cultural contexts. Traditional cultures in both African and the Andes contribute to the Christian and integral understandings of healing of the body and mind of the individual, the spiritual and social dimensions, and the material environment. In the Netherlands, however, illness and healing are mainly understood from a modern point of view, one which understands religion and spirituality as strictly private issues that should be separated from public health care. Part two examines three major themes of the intercultural encounter on healing among people from these three contexts: (1) the nature – supernature divide; (2) Divine providence; and, (3) the power of the Holy Spirit.
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Natsoulas, Anthula. "The Game of Mancala with Reference to Commonalities among the Peoples of Ethiopia and in Comparison to Other African Peoples: Rules and Strategies." Northeast African Studies 2, no. 2 (1995): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nas.1995.0018.
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Chambers-Letson, Joshua. "The Politics of Failure: Nao Bustamante's Hero." TDR/The Drama Review 51, no. 3 (2007): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.3.174.
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Janelle Reinelt explores playwright Howard Brenton's return to Britain's national stages after almost a decade's absence, discussing recent productions that address the fraught relationship between religious belief and human conduct. Joshua Chambers-Letson contemplates the queer politics of failure in regard to Nao Bustamante's Hero, which challenges the value of “normality” via the possibility of a communal being-in-failure for queers, people of color, and other nonnormative subjects. Engaging South Africa's 2006 National Arts Festival, Daniel Larlham addresses the country's national transformations through its changing artistic landscape, newly opened to a variety of imaginative, discursive, and affective spaces in which a communal historical consciousness might develop.
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Perlo, Victor. "Losses of U.S. Workers in 1992." International Journal of Health Services 24, no. 4 (1994): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hwg8-vt2v-wpcg-nagr.
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The 1992 Census Bureau Annual Reports on incomes and poverty reveal startling increases in the numbers of people living in poverty and reductions in median family incomes and per capita incomes. The losses of African-Americans and Hispanics were the most severe. The economic “recovery” of 1992 was limited to profits of the capitalist class: the incomes of the top 5 percent rose from 1991 to 1992; the remaining 95 percent experienced declines in real income.
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Roback, Jennifer. "Plural but Equal: Group Identity and Voluntary Integration." Social Philosophy and Policy 8, no. 2 (1991): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500001138.
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During this period, when disciples were growing in number, a grievance arose on the part of those who spoke Greek, against those who spoke the language of the Jews; they complained that their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution.When Americans think of ethnic conflict, conflict between blacks and whites comes to mind most immediately. Yet ethnic conflict is pervasive around the world. Azerbijanis and Turks in the Soviet Union; Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland; Arabs and Jews in the Middle East; Maoris and English settlers in New Zealand; Muslims and Hindus in India and Pakistan; French and English speakers in Quebec; Africans, Afrikaaners, and mixed-race people in South Africa, in addition to the tribal warfare among the Africans themselves: these are just a few of the more obvious conflicts currently in the news. We observe an even more dizzying array of ethnic conflicts if we look back just a few years. Japanese and Koreans; Mongols and Chinese; Serbs and Croats; Christians and Buddhists in Viet Nam: these ancient antagonisms are not immediately in the news, but they could erupt at any time. And the history of the early Christian Church recounted in the Acts of the Apostles reminds us that suspicion among ethnic groups is not a modern phenomenon; rather, it is ancient.The present paper seeks to address the problem of ethnic conflict in modern western democracies. How can our tools and traditions of participatory governments, relatively free markets, and the common law contribute to some resolution of the ancient problems that we find within our midst? In particular, I want to focus here on the question of ethnic integration.
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Silva, Liliam Ramos da. "Estratégias cimarronas para narrar a negritude no século XIX em "Autobiografía" de Juan Francisco Manzano (Cuba, 1835) e "Úrsula" (Brasil, 1859)." Cadernos de Literatura Comparada, no. 43 (2020): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21832242/litcomp43a9.
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This reflection will analyze the strategies used by two Latin American black writers to present the theme of blackness in the 19th century. On one side, the autobiography written by the cuban Juan Francisco Manzano (1835), the only autobiography text that shows one Latin American semiliterate slave black man that nar-rates your life in exchange for your liberty. On the other side the narrative written by Maria Firmina dos Reis, a free black woman considered the first female novelist in Brazil: Úrsula (1859), an abolitionist text whose main characters are white, surprises by giving voice to the slave people, who narrate their memories in Africa and are aware of their condition. Theoretical references will be used about the novel as a form of projection of an ideal future (Sommer, 2004), abolitionist texts as thesis novel (Jeffers, 2013), mask of speechlessness (Kilomba, 2019) and cimarronagem’s pedagogy (Mendes, 2019) intending to revise the Latin American literary canon in an inclusion proposal the two narratives to mandatory readings in the Litera-ture studies in the Latin American universities.
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Larlham, Daniel. "Transforming Geographies and Reconfigured Spaces: South Africa's National Arts Festival." TDR/The Drama Review 51, no. 3 (2007): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.3.182.
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Janelle Reinelt explores playwright Howard Brenton's return to Britain's national stages after almost a decade's absence, discussing recent productions that address the fraught relationship between religious belief and human conduct. Joshua Chambers-Letson contemplates the queer politics of failure in regard to Nao Bustamante's Hero, which challenges the value of “normality” via the possibility of a communal being-in-failure for queers, people of color, and other nonnormative subjects. Engaging South Africa's 2006 National Arts Festival, Daniel Larlham addresses the country's national transformations through its changing artistic landscape, newly opened to a variety of imaginative, discursive, and affective spaces in which a communal historical consciousness might develop.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nar (African people)"
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Jansen, Jan. "De draaiende put een studie naar de relatie tussen het Sunjata-epos en de samenleving in de Haut-Niger (Mali) /." Leiden : Onderzoekschool CNWS, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34727305.html.
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Govender, Rajuvelu. "The contestation, ambiguities and dilemmas of curriculum development at the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College, 1978-1992." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6042_1320317218.
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The main problem being investigated is why there were such divergent views on the appropriate curriculum for ANC education-in-exile from within the ANC, and in the light of this contestation, what happened in reality to curriculum practice at the institutions. The arguments for Academic, Political and Polytechnic Education are contextualized in the curriculum debates of the times, that is, the 20th century international policy discourse, the African curriculum debates and Apartheid Education in South Africa. This study examines how Academic Education, despite the sharp debates, was institutionalised at the SOMAFCO High School. It also analyses the arguments for and various notions of Political and Polytechnic Education as well as what happened to these in practice at the school. The SOMAFCO Primary School went through three phases of curriculum development. The school opened in 1980 under a âcaretakerâ staff and without a structured curriculum. During the second phase 1980-1982 a progressive curriculum was developed by Barbara and Terry Bell. After the Bells resigned in 1982, a conventional academic curriculum was implemented by Dennis September, the new principal.
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Xulu, Smangele Clerah Buyisiwe. "Gender, tradition and change : the role of rural women in the commoditization of Zulu culture at selected tourist attractions in Zululand." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/451.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, 2005.<br>The commoditization of Zulu culture has become commonplace in the tourism industry in South Africa. Zulu culture and cultural products like music; dance, crafts, landscapes and others are often packaged and consumed in the tourism attractions in Zululand and elsewhere.
This thesis examines culture and gender issues related to the commoditization process of Zulu culture and cultural products. Focusing on specific case studies in selected tourist attractions in Zululand, the thesis concludes that rural Zulu women play minor roles as dancers, crafters, cooks, and waiters in the tourist attractions in Zululand. Their junior roles make them to play no role in decision making, neither do they own any assets in their work places, and may not, therefore, influence the commoditization and product authentication process of their own culture.
Books on the topic "Nar (African people)"
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The Caliph's sister: Nan Asma'u 1793-1865 : teacher, poet and Islamic leader. Cass, 1989.
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Roux, Magdel Le. Vhalemba: Ndi lushaka lwo xelaho lwa Isiraele lu re Tshipembe ha Afrika naa? Yunivesithi ya Afrika Tshipembe, 2011.
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Jansen, Jan. De draaiende put: Een studie naar de relatie tussen het Sunjata-epos en de samenleving in de Haut-Niger (Mali). Onderzoekschool CNWS, 1995.
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Groeten uit de rimboe?: Een onderzoek naar de realitysoaps "Groeten uit de rimboe" en "Groeten terug". Aksant, 2010.
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Corti, Claudia, Pietro Lo Cascio, and Marta Biaggini, eds. Mainland and insular lacertid lizards. Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-523-8.
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Lacertid lizards have long been a fruitful field of scientific enquiry with many people working on them over the past couple of hundred years. The scope of the field has steadily increased, beginning with taxonomy and anatomy and gradually spreading so that it includes such topics as phylogenetics, behaviour, ecology, and conservation. Since 1992, a series of symposia on lacertid lizards of the Mediterranean basin have taken place every three years. The present volume stems from the 2004 meeting in the Aeolian Islands. In the volume a wide range of island topics are considered, including the systematics of the species concerned, from both morphological and molecular viewpoints, interaction with other taxa, and conservation. The last topic is especially important, as island lizards across the world have often been vulnerable to extinction, after they came into contact with people and the animals they introduced. The volume also has papers on the more positive aspects of human influence, specifically the benign effects of traditional agriculture on at least some reptile species. Olive trees, cork oaks and the banks and walls of loose rocks that crisscross the Mediterranean scene all often contribute to elevated lizard populations. Nor is more basic biology neglected and there are articles on morphology, reproduction, development and thermoregulation. Finally, it is good to see one paper on non-Mediterranean species is included. For, to fully understand the lacertids of this region, it is necessary to appreciate their close relatives in Africa, Asia and the archipelagos of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. (From Preface by E. Nicholas Arnold & Wolfgang Böhme)
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Manby, Bronwen. Citizenship Law in Africa. African Minds, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331087.
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Few African countries provide for an explicit right to a nationality. Laws and practices governing citizenship effectively leave hundreds of thousands of people in Africa without a country. These stateless Africans can neither vote nor stand for office; they cannot enrol their children in school, travel freely, or own property; they cannot work for the government; they are exposed to human rights abuses. Statelessness exacerbates and underlies tensions in many regions of the continent. Citizenship Law in Africa, a comparative study by two programs of the Open Society Foundations, describes the often arbitrary, discriminatory, and contradictory citizenship laws that exist from state to state and recommends ways that African countries can bring their citizenship laws in line with international rights norms. The report covers topics such as citizenship by descent, citizenship by naturalisation, gender discrimination in citizenship law, dual citizenship, and the right to identity documents and passports. It is essential reading for policymakers, attorneys, and activists. This second edition includes updates on developments in Kenya, Libya, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe, as well as minor corrections to the tables and other additions throughout.
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Slenes, Robert W. Metaphors to Live By in the Diaspora. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0016.
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Inspired by research in anthropology and cognitive science that places analogical thinking at the center of human culture and cognition, this chapter focuses on the metaphors by which western Central Africans, particularly speakers of Kikongo, understood—and withstood—the horrors of the Middle Passage and New World enslavement. Canoe metaphors figured prominently in West Central Africa. So too did tropes making ontological connections between things designated by phonetic (near-) homonyms. Both types of analogies helped people explain their lineage origins (locating them in past migrations under duress), find cures for social ills, seal marriages and other alliances, and open liminal paths from suffering to plenitude in this world and in the afterlife. Based primarily on the author’s research in dictionaries of African languages, particularly Kikongo, and on Central African cults of affliction-fruition in Brazil’s 19th-century Southeast, the essay argues that strong shipmate bonding during the Atlantic crossing embodied these homeland metaphors.
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Shushan, Gregory. Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872472.003.0003.
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There are very few examples of African near-death experiences (NDEs) or statements that afterlife beliefs were grounded in them. This corresponds to beliefs that often bore few similarities to NDEs, a scarcity of relevant myths, and revitalization movements that lacked any significant relationship to NDEs. Instead, there were many myths explaining why people do not return from death; beliefs in the continued presence of ancestor spirits on Earth, and fear of their potential malevolent influence; shamanic practices that focused on possession and sorcery rather than soul travel; negative attitudes toward death, the dead, and the possibility of their return; burial practices that would not have facilitated revival; and simply a lack of interest in otherworldly afterlife speculations. When such beliefs were found, however, they did bear similarities to NDEs, perhaps indicating distant cultural memories of such experiences.
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Sharma, Nitasha Tamar. Hawai'i Is My Haven. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021667.
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Hawaiʻi Is My Haven maps the context and contours of Black life in the Hawaiian Islands. This ethnography emerges from a decade of fieldwork with both Hawaiʻi-raised Black locals and Black transplants who moved to the Islands from North America, Africa, and the Caribbean. Nitasha Tamar Sharma highlights the paradox of Hawaiʻi as a multiracial paradise and site of unacknowledged antiBlack racism. While Black culture is ubiquitous here, African-descended people seem invisible. In this formerly sovereign nation structured neither by the US Black/White binary nor the one-drop rule, nonWhite multiracials, including Black Hawaiians and Black Koreans, illustrate the coarticulation and limits of race and the native/settler divide. Despite erasure and racism, nonmilitary Black residents consider Hawaiʻi their haven, describing it as a place to “breathe” that offers the possibility of becoming local. Sharma's analysis of race, indigeneity, and Asian settler colonialism shifts North American debates in Black and Native studies to the Black Pacific. Hawaiʻi Is My Haven illustrates what the Pacific offers members of the African diaspora and how they in turn illuminate race and racism in “paradise.”
Book chapters on the topic "Nar (African people)"
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Fulford, Bill. "Linking Science with People: An Introduction to Part IV, Science." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_24.
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AbstractThis chapter outlines how the contributions to this Part illustrate the role of a culturally enriched model of values-based practice in linking science with people. Chapters 25, “A Cross-Cultural Values-Based Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dissociative (Conversion) Disorders,” 26, “Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder or Neuroenhancement of Socially Accepted Modesty? The Case of Ms. Suzuki,” 27, “Nontraditional Religion, Hyper-religiosity, and Psychopathology: The Story of Ivan from Bulgaria,” and 28, “Journey into Genes: Cultural Values and the (Near) Future of Genetic Counselling in Mental Health” explore the three principles of values-based practice defining its relationship with evidence-based practice. Chapters 29, “Policy-Making Indabas to Prevent “Not Listening”: An Added Recommendation from the Life Esidimeni Tragedy,” 30, “Covert Treatment in a Cross-Cultural Setting,” and 31, “Discouragement Towards Seeking Health Care of Older People in Rural China: The Influence of Culture and Structural Constraints” then give examples of the rich resources of the wider values tool kit for linking science with people (the African indaba, transcultural ethics, and anthropology). The concluding chapter, the autobiographical chapter 32, “Discovering Myself, a Journey of Rediscovery,” illustrates the role of cultural values (particularly of the positive StAR values) in recovery. A cross-cutting theme of the contributions to this Part is the importance of the cultural and other values impacting on psychiatric diagnostic assessment in supporting best practice in person-centered mental health care.
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Amoo, Oseni Taiwo, Hammed Olabode Ojugbele, Abdultaofeek Abayomi, and Pushpendra Kumar Singh. "Hydrological Dynamics Assessment of Basin Upstream–Downstream Linkages Under Seasonal Climate Variability." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_116.
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AbstractThe impacts of climate change are already being felt, not only in terms of increase in temperature but also in respect of inadequate water availability. The Mkomazi River Basins (MRB) of the KwaZulu-Natal region, South Africa serves as major source of water and thus a mainstay of livelihood for millions of people living downstream. It is in this context that the study investigates water flows abstraction from headwaters to floodplains and how the water resources are been impacted by seasonal climate variability. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) pattern classifier was utilized for the seasonal classification and subsequence hydrological flow regime prediction between the upstream–downstream anomalies. The ANN input hydroclimatic data analysis results covering the period 2008–2015 provides a likelihood forecast of high, near-median, or low streamflow. The results show that monthly mean water yield range is 28.6–36.0 m3/s over the Basin with a coefficient of correlation (CC) values of 0.75 at the validation stage. The yearly flow regime exhibits considerable changes with different magnitudes and patterns of increase and decrease in the climatic variables. No doubt, added activities and processes such as land-use change and managerial policies in upstream areas affect the spatial and temporal distribution of available water resources to downstream regions. The study has evolved an artificial neuron system thinking from conjunctive streamflow prediction toward sustainable water allocation planning for medium- and long-term purposes.
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Booker, Vaughn A. "“Royal Ancestry”." In Lift Every Voice and Swing. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479892327.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the popular methods of African American scriptural interpretation that formed the early religious context that Duke Ellington represented through his jazz artistry. In these biblical interpretations, African American Protestants in the twentieth century’s early decades read the Hebrew and Christian scriptures in concert with constructing their own history as descendants of the African continent. Ellington brought into his musical profession a relationship to the Bible as a sacred African document that portrayed African and black people as the great founders of ancient civilizations and as contributors to the foundation of modern civilization. By publishing and promoting books on history and biblical interpretation, writing editorials, answering reader questions in regular black press columns, staging pageants, and even through long- and short-form jazz compositions, middle-class black Protestants, along with black academics who studied ancient North Africa, the Near East, and East Africa, invested their intellectual and artistic energy into racializing sacred Hebrew figures and sacralizing non-Hebrew peoples as venerable contributors to the development of religion. These Afro-Protestant racializations of sacred texts and ancient religions, alongside their sacralizations of African identity, involved their embrace of both monotheisms and polytheisms.
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Evans, Richard Kent. "Conclusion." In MOVE. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058777.003.0011.
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This concluding chapter discusses the funerals of John Africa and Frank Africa and updates the history of MOVE to the present. MOVE’s focus today is on freeing the remaining incarcerated MOVE people. MOVE maintains an international network of supporters—numbering, the author estimates, in the thousands. Many of these supporters advocate for the release of the MOVE 9 and of Mumia Abu-Jamal, whose writings on John Africa, MOVE, and his own experience as the world’s most famous death-row inmate have brought MOVE’s story to a wider audience. MOVE people maintain a headquarters near Clark Park in a pair of homes they bought using funds they won from their lawsuit against the city.
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Sokoni, Cosmas, and Verdiana Tilumanywa. "Exploring Long-Term Changes in People’s Welfare on the Uporoto Highlands, Mbeya District, Tanzania." In Prosperity in Rural Africa? Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865872.003.0014.
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Changes to villages near to Mbeya in the Uporoto Highlands show a mixture of changing fortunes. New cash crops such as potatoes and trees have arrived. But there has been a decline in pyretheum. And some stands of planted trees make neighbouring lots less productive. There have also been restrictions on access to land in state farms and new conservation areas. Herd growth, whilst there are indications of an improved standard of living in some instances, is patchy. Other domestic units are losing capabilities particular as they age. Poorer households have not been able to build assets easily.
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Royles, Dan. "Introduction." In To Make the Wounded Whole. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469661339.003.0001.
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This chapter begins with the story of Belle Glade, Florida, a farming community near Lake Okeechobee that was known for a brief period in the 1980s as the “AIDS Capital of the World” due to its high per capita AIDS rate. The AIDS epidemic in Belle Glade, which mainly affected poor people of color and migrant workers, and was spread through heterosexual sex and drug use, was a harbinger of things to come, as the disease would “settle” in disenfranchised communities in the U.S. South. This chapter then goes on to trace an overview of African American AIDS activism, including its connection to ideas about Black identity within the African diaspora, and to explain how the book as a whole fits into ongoing conversations about AIDS history, the Black freedom struggle, and Black internationalism.
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Fentress, Elizabeth. "Where Were North African Nundinae Held?" In Communities and Connections. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199230341.003.0016.
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Like several other contributors to this volume I wrote my doctoral thesis for Barry (on the economic effects of the Roman army on Southern Numidia), learning from him of the possible ways in which Roman and indigenous peoples could interact, and the various Welds in which that interaction could take place. I was then, as now, interested in the Roman economy, and while my research has moved far away from both North Africa and the economy over the past twenty-five years it is a pleasure to come back to them. This paper attempts to identify the unidentifiable, the places where the periodic markets of Roman North Africa were held. While at some level we know a great deal about the nundinae of Roman Africa—Brent Shaw’s 1981 article is still fundamental for their study, although many of his conclusions have been questioned—on another we know absolutely nothing. Considering the 300-odd towns of North Africa, our epigraphic evidence for nundinae is actually very slight: in four cases the inscriptions were put up on private estates, in two others at castellae near Cirta. An inscription from Hassawana, near Tiaret in western Algeria, appears to relate to an annual tribal fair located, significantly, far from any settlement. No circuits comparable to those in Campania and Lazio are recorded, and indeed, as Shaw points out, two neighbouring praedial nundinae had identical market days, suggesting competition rather than collaboration—although, as De Ligt notes, the inscriptions are hardly contemporary. Shaw concludes, among other things, that the nundinae were generally linked to praedia and under private control, rather than characterizing small settlements in the process of urbanization. He suggests that nundinae were tied to the internal economy of the domain, but not to the external sphere of large-scale trade and exchange between domains, or between agricultural estates and the central state. Yet it is diffcult to imagine that periodic markets were not taking place, as they do today, at every agglomeration of significant size. Products such as the ubiquitous African Red Slip ware were not produced everywhere, but they are found everywhere, and we must imagine that they were sold by travelling traders at periodic markets. Itinerant traders are characteristic of pre-industrial economies, and fundamental to the retailing of manufactured goods.
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Boggs, Colleen Glenney. "The Heroic Substitute." In Patriotism by Proxy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863670.003.0005.
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For white men, conscription posed a racially destabilizing proximity to enslavement; for African Americans, it opened up possibilities of citizenship and inclusion in the state’s population. Analyzing the recruitment efforts of Frederick Douglass, this chapter pushes back against critical race theory’s near-universally dim view of state power, and argues that military service held positive value for free black people and recently freed slaves. At the same time, the chapter draws on critical race theory to show how Frances Harper’s Iola Leroy (1892) countered the racialization of biopower. Set during the war and its aftermath, the novel is structured—like the draft—by a narrative logic of substitution, which recurs at the level of character and plot. Harper offers a wide spectrum of the wartime experience of African Americans, who saw in the draft—as in military service more broadly—a chance for state recognition as fully participating civic actors.
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Turner, Grace. "African Influence on Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Cemeteries." In Honoring Ancestors in Sacred Space. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400202.003.0003.
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DuBois described double consciousness as “two worlds within and without the Veil.” African-descended people had three options: 1) maintain an African-derived lifestyle separate from the larger, European-based society; 2) move between these two “worlds”; 3) function solely within the “world” of the dominant, European-based society. The Northern Burial Ground site was heavily disturbed in the mid-twentieth century so the focus was not on analyzing skeletal remains. Instead, the focus was on the cultural landscape created in this cemetery space. Any changes in cultural practices over time were interpreted as reflecting some change in worldview for the community using this cemetery. Archaeological investigations often do not include such cultural components as archaeologists may be unaware of these cultural features in an African-influenced cemetery space. The cultural landscape features noted were a location near water; placing personal items on graves; a planting at the head of graves; and evidence of food offerings. Comparative information for this site came from a late eighteenth-century black cemetery west of Nassau; nineteenth- and twentieth-century cemeteries on Crooked Island and San Salvador Island, also in the Bahamas; and cases of black cemeteries in the Caribbean and the United States.
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Kamash, Zena. "Crafting the Ancient Near Eastern Canon." In Testing the Canon of Ancient Near Eastern Art and Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673161.003.0020.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter offers a personal reflection on two projects that seek to find alternative ways to respond to Middle Eastern heritage: “Remembering the Romans in the Middle East and North Africa” and “Rematerialising Mosul Museum.” Both projects aim to provide ways for people to rejuvenate friendships with heritage objects through a range of craft and art practices (felting, drawing, photograph, and creative writing). This chapter reflects on the author’s own crafted responses and uses these to explore how crafting can help people think more deeply about how they relate to the canon as individuals and how they might use crafting to make their own personal canon. In particular, this chapter thinks through why practices of this kind are important to the author as a person who is a British Iraqi, as well as an archaeologist.
Reports on the topic "Nar (African people)"
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Temple, Dorota S., Jason S. Polly, Meghan Hegarty-Craver, et al. The View From Above: Satellites Inform Decision-Making for Food Security. RTI Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.rb.0021.1908.
Full textAbstract:
Despite notable progress in reducing global poverty and hunger in recent decades, about one out of nine people in the world suffers from hunger and malnutrition. Stakeholders charged with making decisions pertaining to agricultural production, development priorities, and policies at a region-to-country scale require quantitative and up-to-date information on the types of crops being cultivated, the acreage under cultivation, and crop yields. However, many low- and middle-income countries lack the infrastructure and resources for frequent and extensive agricultural field surveys to obtain this information. Technology supports a change of paradigm. Traditional methods of obtaining agricultural information through field surveys are increasingly being augmented by images of the Earth acquired through sensors placed on satellites. The continued improvement in the resolution of satellite images, the establishment of open-access infrastructure for processing of the images, and the recent revolutionary progress in artificial intelligence make it feasible to obtain the information at low cost and in near-to-real time. In this brief, we discuss the use of satellite images to provide information about agricultural production in low-income countries, and we comment on research challenges and opportunities. We highlight the near-term potential of the methodology in the context of Rwanda, a country in sub-Saharan Africa whose government has recognized early the value of information technology in its strategic planning for food security and sustainability.