Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Narcissisme dans la littérature'
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Le, Baccon Fonte Jany. "Le narcissisme littéraire dans l'oeuvre de Rachid Boudjedra." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20007.
Full textThis study proposes to use psychoanalytic concepts for a lecture on the novel by Rachid Boudjedra. The hypothesis is that of literary narcissism : the question is to show that the writing presents psychic injuries but also tries to remedy them. The first part explores narrators' childhood and the image given of their family group. Faults of identifying with the father drive them to a search for unity and their narcissistic incompetence provokes troubles. In the second part are analysed the narrative and stylistic manifestations of theses troubles. Some disjunctive themes and methods offer the representation of unbalanced psychic and sexuality which the narrators project onto the exterior reality. An abundant remark appears necessary to repair the internal injuries and the attempts at remedy appeal to the vehicles which are checked in the third part. Paradigmatic developments and stylistic methods of juncture are employed to out-mode the self injuries, while the monologism of ideological discourse aims at a discursive unity
Daneshvar, Negin. "Narcisse et narcissisme dans la littérature fin de siècle française et anglaise." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040118.
Full textAmong all the mythical figures that adorn and reveal the "fin de siècle" literature and mentality in France and Great Britain, Narcissus in favor of its affinities with the essence, the logic and the structure of eschatological phenomenons, set himself apart. Narcissus, the central figure of transition periods, or moments of pre-metamorphosis, thanks to his metaphysical fertility, divided and unified self being exhibited in his complexity, makes it possible a better knowledge of man and the universe. Narcissus, an identifical myth, brings a new enlightenment not only to the discomfort, anguish and question of man but also to the problematic ambiguity of the "fin de siècle". Therefore, a detailed study of the narcissus myth evolution leads thus, to recognize in this figure, then in narcissism, an answer to the human condition on the threshold of modernity
Elahi, Taban. "Réalité, déception, narcissisme dans "Les Fleurs bleues" de Raymond Queneau et "Histoire" de Claude Simon." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2024.
Full textVédie, Christian. "L'intrusion du discours médical sur un mythe universel : La lycanthropie." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30009.
Full textA review of the historical and modem medical literature suggests multiple etiologies for lycanthropy, the delusion of being an animal, usually a wolf. This work purpose to show how the medical talk change the metamorphic myth. Togain an understanding of certain bizarre psychiatric symptoms it may be helpful to consider the effects of religions and culture. Despite the passage of time, the werewolf remain a powerful and evocative image. The influence of myth and legend has been filtered and observed with the passage of time but it is likely that the symptom of lycanthropy will continue to be seen as long as tales of the wolf-man frighten us. We have tempt a comparing with transsexualism, modem myth or delusion
Laliberté, Alexandre. "La lecture en miroir : narcissisme et effets d'inconscient dans Le vieux Chagrin et Chat sauvage de Jacques Poulin." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30130/30130.pdf.
Full textAthari, Nikazm Marzieh. "Vision, passion, point de vue : un modèle sémiotique chez Paul Valéry." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00181005.
Full textBouchaïb, Moulay Hicham. "Le narcissisme dans l'œuvre romanesque de Rachid Boudjedra : approche littéraire d'une structure psychique et sociopolitique." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21018.
Full textThe study of Rachid Boudjedra's novels reveals " a predominance of Narcissism " as a privileged psychic structure. With the help of Freudian grid, our aiming is to elucidate the various facets of the narcissistic structure, including its collective and individual slopes and their causal relationship. Whatever general or particular, collective or individual approached we use, to study this structure, an instrument which structural semantics offers to us : the otion of sows. We also study, at the diachronic level, the various transformations intervening in the narcissism structure, in these various plans and dimensions. Morover in rupture with structuralism, we wonder about the origin of this structure and by consequence its bond with unconscious, enlightened through the novelist's writing
Zdrada-Cok, Magdalena. "Les figures de Narcisse dans l'oeuvre de Marguerite Yourcenar." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030069.
Full textThis work combines the reflection on the update of Narcissist myth and the analysis of narcissism in the works by Marguerite Yourcenar. The graduate devaluation of the motif of the mirror reflection is depicted here. First this motif expresses the symbolist issues of knowing oneself, then it portrays the disintegration of personality and eventually it comes to the final questioning of the existence of a person itself. Psycho-analytic reading enables the studies of extreme Narcissist behaviours such as: frozen feelings, pursuing oneself in the other, impinging oneself onto the others, megalomania, closing in oneself. The issues of alchemy and Buddhism, which dominates first of all in The Abyss and in subsequent works, emerges as a method of overcoming narcissism present in novels of the thirties and in Memoirs of Hadrian. At last the concept of autobiography, which is illustrated in the trilogy The World Labyrinth and which is consistent with the Buddhist vision of the world,. .
Philippot, Didier. "Vérité des choses, mensonge de l'homme dans Madame Bovary de Flaubert : de la nature au Narcisse." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040258.
Full textIn order to explore the relations between nature and man in Madame Bovary as we intend to do, it seems first of all necessary to recall the fundamental conviction which Flaubert’s metaphysical and aesthetic attitude is based on : truth lies in nature, and everything that comes from man is most often sheer lies and ugliness. Although nature represents beauty and truth because it is the absolute, man is characterised by his narcissistic tendency to conclude, to reduce the absolute according to his desires and his limited measure, which stands for flaubertian definition of stupidity. Man lives in falsehood for he substitutes to nature an illusory order adapted to his image and the worship of himself. So, we purpose to insist on the central question of stupidity as metaphysical conclusion, and to proceed from nature to narcissism. The first step of our study deals with the aesthetic problem of both symbolism and description and intends to show that truth and meaning lie in nature only. Flaubert’s tendency is to reject symbolism as well as anthropomorphism. His purpose is not to impose a signification on things, but, on the contrary, to be open to the infinite and divine signification of things. Then, we shall oppose to the truth of things the lying conclusions of modern humanism (which is in fact narcissism) by going through all the levels of metaphysical stupidity. Truth of things, lies of the human order that encroaches upon them: here is the central opposition that we would like to explore in the intent to respect both the infinity of nature and the infinity of stupidity
Koreicho, Nicolas. "Un concept psychanalytique à l'origine d'une oeuvre littéraire : le narcissisme comme principe d'engendrement textuel dans les romans de André Pieyre de Mandiargues." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070069.
Full textOn reading Andre Pieyre de Mandiargues' novels (France : 1909-1991) one observes the existence of recurring, analogical and associative phenomena from both the literary and psychoanalytical points of view and principally belonging to the metaphoric and metonymic domains. These phenomena make up a narrative instance, a centre representing a psychic reality and its literary expression, obeying a complex psychoanalytical concept, narcissism, deployed in the texts along the axes of this concept (libidinal withdrawal, idealization, split personality, double bind, metaphoric-metonymic oscillation) in relation with the entire Oedipus system. Furthemore, in the stories it has the task of updating the organization of the phallus, the oral and anal stages, origin fantasies, drives but also the notion of identity. Correspondences between the text and the concept, on the one hand, and between psychic phenomena intervening in the narrative instance on the other, show up a narcissistic textual functioning observed by analysing itineraries, characters and the character statuses thereby deduced, the narrative and fiction. A method of scientific analysis to be applied is thus proposed, based on theory and three dimensions which are the expression of unconscious phenomena, the whole built on a semantics system and a broad rhetorical architecture which describes the means by which narcissism fundamentally imposes itself as a textual engendering principle. The thesis responds to the problem set by the subject, keeping as close as possible to the texts, by establishing that narcissism is at the root of Andre Pieyre de Mandiargues' novels and that it gives to psychoanalytic creative instances all their meaning, these being resolved in the form of a terminal axiom
Tanaka, Shuko. "Le rire et la mélancolie dans les romans de Milan Kundera." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC008/document.
Full textLaughter and melancholy constitute the dominant atmosphere of the novels of Milan Kundera. These are the two faces of his attitude about man’s narcissism and of which his characters are reflections. But man is never the person he thinks he is. Kundera expresses this vision of man through the narrators in his novels, who explore the comic and the miserable aspects of the characters appearing in them. Given the fact that the experience of Kundera is reflected in the characters’ situations, on one hand, the narrator endorses a function of self-criticism. On the other hand, this narrator reflects the novelist, sometimes taking even the name of Kundera himself, and presents his image of the novelist which Kundera believes himself to be. Therefore, Kundera is not free of narcissism. Nevertheless, the novel is the only place that allows him to ponder over his narcissistic subjectivity by the way of relativization. For Kundera, the novel enables him to escape momentarily the condition of Narcissus, by the solitary and serious game of writing in the margins of hypothesis
Nevjinsky, Fern. "Désir et passion dans l'œuvre dramatique de Jóhann Sigurjónsson." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040104/document.
Full textThe aim of my research is to propose a psychoanalytic interpretation of Jóhann Sigurjónsson's dramatic works. Works of art support the true preoccupations of their author and concern themselves with universal feelings and especially desires and passions as primal motivations. I have undertaken an analysis of the relationship between passions and generally literary writing in the works of Jóhann Sigurjónsson. In order to do that, I have first investigated the relative role of the historical and cultural context of the plays. By means of an accurate structural analysis, the main topics are then drawn from the text. On the surface, all the characters are excessive and weak. Consequently passions, here considered as an "avatar" of the narcissistic organization of the personality, result in breakdown, psychotic disease or death. Narcissistic regression shows that the passion is dependant on a domination of the death instincts. This relationship between the passions and the various expressions of the death instincts appears as the final buttress that stands up to further interpretation
Del, Solar Germán. "Pour une lecture critique de la relation des psychanalystes avec la théorie : à propos de la littérature et des fantasmes du théoricien dans la psychanalyse lacanienne." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070101.
Full textThis research develops a critical reading of some we consider the main topics of the theory as well as of the clinic of the psychoanalysis proposed by Lacan and some of his followers. This reading is derived from the discussions of elements that emerge from the intercross between Lacan's psychoanalysis and literature. The election of this research field is based, in our opinion, in the fact that the elements which we are interested in analyzing are exposed there with particular intensity. In general terms, the question which this thesis brings up is how a relationship between psychoanalysis and literature that pretends to be and should be fruitful (as displayed in the usual discourses of psychoanalysts as well as in the fact that literature is a major creative art), ends up in being the dwelling of unproductive and paralyzing psychoanalytical clichés. We look for the answers by considering that underneath many concepts here implied lies the presence of the Subjective phantasms - we adventure unanalyzed - of Lacan, denied as such and transposed as theoretical truths. We explore in detail, for example, the phallic inflation as repressed return of Lacan's relation to castration and to femininity. This exercise allows certain explanation of theoretical-clinical factors of very conflictive repercussions. For example, the magnified exaltation of paternal function and the extremely severe conflict of analysts to Knowledge. Finally, we see the relationship between lacanian psychoanalysis and literature as a symptomatic relationship, rich in elements to analyze
Granger, Michel. "Narcisse a walden : la production de l'image de soi dans l'oeuvre de henry d. thoreau." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20016.
Full textThis study deals with the production of the self-image in the years 1845-54: thoreau created the idealized character of the narrator in walden with whom he restored his narcissism which had been wounded by his failure to join society normally. During his retreat to walden pond, he endeavored to work out a solution to his identity crisis: he imagined an ascetic way of life in conformity with his aspirations, which gave him the opportunity to live in the midst of nature, but also to spare time for literature. Through the report of his experiment, he conceived an exemplary persona which enabled him to speak about himself and to venture before readers. The outlook offered by the analysis of the narcissistic crisis allows to better understand the meaning of the idealization to which he subjected the solitary indian: thoreau identified himself with this imaginary model sustained by the ideology of primitive innocence, which confirmed him in his resistance to society. It also explains his avoidance of measured time and his organization of a confined vital space. Walden pond constituted a transitional refuge, suited to lessen the constraints of reality and to devise the illusory reconciliation of the oppositions which divided his world. Thoreauvian creation is marked by a strong interest in space: topography serves as a screen on to which the narrator projects himself, and sends back a unified self-image. Thoreau represented himself as an autonomous, self-engendered character, as a wise man who succeeded in mastering his inner violence, in purifying himself of his unacceptable drives and in eliminating all that is not consistent with his project, while writing, intended to elaborate a new language, is open to the unknown, the unthinkable which cannot be reduced to the idealizing design; it participates in the quest for identity and adds to the self-image. The realization of the decisive role played by narcissism in thoreau's work should help transcend the reactions of rejection or fascination caused by his haughty and aggressive persona, but above all, it should incite the reader to listen to the poetic qualities of the text
Thiria-Meulemans, Aurélie. "Reflets et résonances : poétique et métapoétique des mythes d’Écho et de Narcisse dans la poésie de William Wordsworth." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040191.
Full textThe point of this thesis is to show the importance of this double myth – mainly in its Ovidian version – in the poems of William Wordsworth. The two figures are implicitly present in the many scenes of self-contemplation and of echoes. Wordsworth also wishes his verse to repeat Nature’s voice, like an echo. He is equally famous for the poetic crisis that affected him after his Great Decade, and he admires himself in his verse through a series of doubles, many of which are characterized by a loss which reads as an allegory of his own. Eventually, Wordsworth aims at turning the reader into a reflection of himself and an echo of his voice
Eko, Mba Fabrice. "La représentation de l'intellectuel africain dans le roman africain francophone de 1950 à nos jours. : Du prométhéisme au repli narcissique." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1020/document.
Full textThis work, whose research field concerns the French novel of Africa south of the Sahara, is to analyze the direction of the trajectory of the African intellectual, fifties to the present. It is precisely to see how African fiction productions of the last sixty years represent the situation of the intellectual in African society, through its developments and prospects. What French-language African novel role has historically devoted to the character of the intellectual and what are the new modes of action and ideas productions today contribute to strengthening the role? At the time, Africa, public speaking increasingly of the bankruptcy or the "death of the African intellectual," we found it necessary to question the novel on this subject, from a kind analytical panorama from 1950 to the 2010s, to observe how the African literary fiction has long represented the figure of the intellectual representation and how this has evolved over the past decades. Borrowing constantly its theoretical and methodological tools in the sociology of literature, this dissertation examines what happened to the African intellectual and positioning it adopts in the current tour to the African societies globalization. Form of literary history, it has intellectual every time the African continent through its identity and political issues. Beyond its countless failures, the African intellectual is a figure inhabited by an ethic of conviction and responsibility. In this perspective, the crisis of the observable commitment to evolving the intellectual in contemporary African novel, far from being a sign of his "death" imminent, wants it a crisis of change, where old modalities commitment die and new ones seek to hatch
Denouel, Julie. "Le narcissisme dans les sociétés modernes d'Europe occidentale." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H019.
Full textIf narcissism plays an important part in the union of individuals around a feeling, possibly shared, of a great eternal and omnipotent Whole, here is the question: Considering people living in society, can they live without such a feeling? Acknowledged as powerless, the individual needs to make up for a gap, a wound or a narcissistic defect with alternative satisfactions. The sacred incarnate group insures his protection; it is invested with omnipotence and contrarily to the individuals, it has an eternal expectation of life. Powerful and recognized as the "Whole" by its members, the State could not only hold the monopole of violence but also be the one of narcissistic enjoyment. The sociologist asks: "Why men do not rebel against their social conditions?" With the notion of narcissism, we are trying to bring a part of the answer
BARAN, LANDA EVA. "Formes du prejuge dans la situation psychanalytique. Leur rapport au narcissisme." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070016.
Full textOur first purpose is to contribute to the elaboration of a psycho-analytic conception of prejudice, then to try afterwards to situate prejudice regarding the narcissic axis in the analytic relation, beyond the simple consideration of its negative aspects. Freud recognized that some prejudices have the quality of valid intuition being near to inconscient truths. Our approach to prejudice is in the perspective of a composition's work of the real uniting the incontestable elements of reality, the figures obtained this way being conditioned by the unconscious. Narcissic forms of prejudice may be understood as an expression of self-love, corollary to hate for the other: the other who evokes the distance between the actual ego and its ideals or the subject who sensibilizes internal fissures (unanalysable residue mobilizing drive representations connected to irreparable psychic mutilations). Socio-cultural and theorical prejudices exist not only as a threat to the analyst's neutrality but they can also contribute to regulate the right distance between the psycho, analytical situation's partners. From the first interview, the analyst has to prejudge the analysability of an individual and his own capacities of cathexis in this particular analysis. The sujet suppose savoir is an idealizing prejudice that is the driving force of transference. The counter-transference's prejudices can be see as an obstacle to the treatment but also as an instrument to obtain knowledge about the other and about oneself. The survey of clinical cases presenting the depreciating transference, destructive narcissism and delirious prejudice shows that nonpsychotic prejudices and delirious beliefs correspond to very different functionings. The aim of analytical process is not to suppress the psychoanalysant's prejudices; infantile prototypes can constitute his singularity and identity postulate. Our development has shown the necessity of a revision of the initial model of the narcissic prejudice as self-love / object hate (in connection to the concept of pure pleasure-ego). The narcissic prejudice contributes to the origine of the separation between inside and outside. The separation of two psychic spaces, until now undissociated, gives way to a first system of defence (the projection of hate) compatible with the self-cathexis
Spiess, Martine. "La mise en jeu du corps dans la maternité : contribution à la question de la féminité." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1PS02.
Full textVatin, Florence. "L'infidelite conjugale comme reponse a un probleme identitaire dans le couple ?" Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H071.
Full textKeita, Mohamed. "Approche psychocritique de l'œuvre romanesque de Tierno Monénembo." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691942.
Full textMarin, Luisa Marin. "Narcissisme et reconnaissance : les aléas de la psychanalyse dans la théorie critique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070089.
Full textAfter a detailed reconstruction from the different positions psychoanalyses has played within the disciplinary constellations mobilised by Critical Theory from the thirties since nowadays, we have circumscribed the theme of narcissism as central. This work sketches a possible confrontation , from one side, the passage operated by Axel Honneth between psychoanalysis ( In the British Tradition, Donald W. Winnicott) And his recognition theory, and from the other side the lacanian theory. This confrontation, through the introduction at the heart of Critical Theory of another psychoanalytical approach, revisits the centrality from the narcissisms theme ; it shows the limits but it also indicates the possible new openings from the articulation between psychoanalysis and Critical Theory
Haddouk, Lise. "Emergence de la subjectivité dans le transfert en "visioconsultation" : une étude clinique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H128.
Full textThe appearance of information and communication technologies (ICT) in our post-modern societies has changed our link to time, space and interpersonal relationships. We have studied ICT uses from a socio-cultural way to a psychological one. While noticing that phenomena involved in ICT uses were often related to narcissim, we thought to a possible adaptation of ICT in the field of clinical psychology. We created a framework allowing an interview situation comparable to a classical interview situation, even if not identical. We used an online device to do "videoconsultations" with two groups of subjects. The first one was composed of people already followed up in a classical framework in a surgery, the second group of people we met via our online device. The thematic analysis of the interviews and the contribution of a quantitative scale aiming to evaluate social avoidance permitted to validate the fact that a face to face encounter was possible, in some conditions involving the clinician's and the patient's bodies and allowing access to conscious and unconscious sides of the speech. We could notice the emergence of patient's subjectivity, seize his problems, handle the transference and the counter-transference. We validated the fact that the device did not facilitate dependency to the tool and did not create a narcissistic situation, on the contrary, he had a function of third space in the dual contact between clinician and patient
Mrabet, Jihène. "Rôle de l'humour dans le processus adolescent. Fonctionnement préconscient, Narcissisme, Individuation et Socialisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR118/document.
Full textThe Tunisian revolution in 2011 helped to free the speech and unleash languages. Thus we witnessed a humorous explosion affecting all areas of life: political, economic, sports, religious and social. The teenagers seem to be the most concerned by this creative expression serving their psychological and social development. In this thesis, we proposed to identify the role of humor in the adolescent process through the study of the functioning of the preconscious, the narcissism, the individuation process and the socialization. What information could it provide about the quality of the adolescent's psychic life and its possible flaws. Would the lack of humor or the reluctance to produce it be evidence of adolescent fragility and an impossibility to manage the drive emergencies enclosing them in a rigid and impenetrable operation? We have therefore drawn inspiration from Rod, A Martin's Humorous Response Questionnary, in order to categorize humor in adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. Then, we explored their psychic dynamics through the TAT projective test. This work allowed us to determine the quality of the preconscious and the psychic characteristics inherent in each group of humor. This study helped to identify a new "non-humor" category that contributes to understanding the phenomenon of religious radicalization in adolescence. Thus the type of humor used by the adolescent, in his cultural context, takes on the value of a psychopathological sign informing about his psychic health
Demers, Jean-Christophe. "Parcours identitaires dans la société de la performance et du narcissisme: L'hyperbole du backpacking." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28084.
Full textDávila, Ramírez Tania Violeta Broyer Gérard. "La souffrance du corps vécu dans la danse professionnelle." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/davilaramirez_tv.
Full textBon, Catherine. "Adolescence et handicap : les enjeux narcissiques dans l'après-coup pubertaire." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070087.
Full textHow does the disabled-from-birth teenager faces the puberty upheaval and its unprecedented nature? How do his narcissistic bases, set up with the ell of the initial trauma, reorganize? As a clinical psychologist following handicaped teenagers and their families, I theorized a number of characteristic stakes. On one hand, the handicaped teenager elaborates various arrangements aiming at the resumption of a work on time congealed from birth. He positions in the chain of the generations in spite of an altered psychic transmission, and he parts from his parents although the links were inaugurated under traumatogenes auspices. On the other hand, the teenager carries out a work aiming at the seizure of his otherness; he accomodates into a " fourth dimension " which founds the feeling of existence of the individual, and the obstinacy of his identity. To do so, he has to articulate psychic and factual realities, without exclusively submitting himself to the threatening materialism of his infirmity. Therefore, the teenager faces the idea of destiny, and takes a stand on his handicap experienced either as a punishment to undergo, or an accident to overcome. He also relies on valid and/or handicaped peers to appropriate his difference. Finally in this process of subjectivation, he adopts singular drive positions concerning masochism and shame, and also uses the positions toward love as a privileged leverage of this appropriation. Recent developments in society, especially in the treatment of loss and destructivity help to explain the current increase of scarification among adolescents
Weyl, Dimitri. "Rapports de pouvoir - narcissisme et images : une étude psychanalytique et psychopathologique dans la culture contemporaine." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070111.
Full textWe will define the relation of power as a potentially pathogenic relation. The pretender to power tends to desubjectivize the other in order to have the benefit of him ; he tends to make his own desire and image prevail to the detriment of the desire and image of the one who suffers from the relation. It is therefore a relation which is opposed to Eros, to a work of connection which necessarily acknowledges and takes "otherness" into account We will consider that this kind of relation, to some degree, favours a decomposition of the link to the other, a decay of the social link. This thesis aims at demonstrating that there is a structural and unconscious link between an exacerbation of the primary narcissism - the one of " his majesty the child "- and the tendency to the relations of power. But its purpose is also to show that the dominant present-day culture requests and even promotes that structural link, especially through the massive use of images as many identifying and deceptive sources tending to captivate the subjectivities which have widely contributed to form a contemporary subjectivity. This study is part of an approach of clinic as being intrinsically related to the issue of uneasiness in culture. So, its purpose is to help shedding light on the relations of power in their narcissistic and unconscious modalities, as well as their pathogenic dimension, in order to enrich the clinical practice in a wide field of intervention. Correlatively it aims at improving our look at politics and the causes of uneasiness in the contemporary social link
Piperini, Marie-Christine. "Le travail psychique créateur : deux études sur l'écriture littéraire comme enveloppe narcissique." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21018.
Full textUsing the concepts of "container" (w. R. Bion) and of "psychological shroud" (d. Anzieu), and from the research about creation introduced by S. Freud, D. W. Winnicott, M. De M'Uzan and D. Anzieu, we have explored the dynamic of the articulation : narcissism - writing - thought. This thesis questions the possibility for the writer to transform sensory images into parts of a representation of himself, and to accede like this to the conception of a protective unity. We have applied these theoretic means in analysing some representations explained by some writers who try to understand the literary creation process. Then we have observed the phenomenon which are mobilized during a writing session inside a psychiatric hospital. The results of our researches highlight that the creative thought stays on the inmost bodily experience. They set the place of the other's desire for engaging this process. We can see how the style's work and the research of a manner of writing like no one else constitute a paradoxal defence. It reveals the writer's identity (by what insists and shows) and it wears the mask of technicity at the same time. We note how the self-flawes and abilities appear into a text which are writer by psychiatric hospital's patient as well as in a famous writer. So, we grasp the potential supply of writing for going to get a new conscience of himself
Murcia, Thierry. "Jésus dans la littérature talmudique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3076.
Full textThis study presents a survey and a systematic analysis of the passages of Talmudic literature (Mishna – Tosefta – Palestinian Talmud – Babylonian Talmud – Midrashim), relative to Jesus or are supposed to be. The documents are examined, criticized and confronted to other sources of Jewish or Christian origin (Hellenistic Jewish literature, Jewish Apocrypha, rabbinic sources, Targumim, Toledot Yeshu – New Testament, Apostolic Fathers, Church Fathers). The investigation tries to answer to several questions: - What did the rabbis exactly know about Jesus? - Has their information any historical value? - Has their perception undergone some evolution? - Did the rabbis of the Talmud have access to the Gospels as a written source? The conclusion of this thesis is that all these documents are rooted in their Sitz im leben. They obviously attest – contra Peter Schäfer (Jesus in the Talmud, 2007) – that the rabbis had no direct acquaintance with the Gospels as written documents. This study also shows, concerning the Babylonian Talmud, that all the passages relative to Jesus belong to the last editorial layer of this corpus (VIIe-VIIIe century)
Eluther, Ena. "L'africanité dans la littérature caribéenne." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3001.
Full textCan the africanity of caribbean cultures come down to distant survivals, or constitute the foundation of these cultures ? Literature, as a mirror of peoples, as a painting of cultures, as art, allows to perceive the cultural and literary continuity between the african continent and its caribbean diaspora. The comparison of english-speaking and french-speaking novels from the Caribbean and from West Africa and Central Africa shows common cultural features and literary topoi from one area to the other : colonial trauma, protection and adaptation of ancestral legacy, common spiritual values, linguistic problematics, paintings of resistance struggles in which the writer himself is in the frontline. This comparative study, which sometimes draws from caribbean and african oral literature, as from caribbean spanish-speaking literature, suggests that one should view the afro-caribbean cultural expressions as an extension of african cultural expressions, offering in this way a large panorama of the cultural and literary black world. From 1921 to the early years 2000, this analysis takes into account the changes of african and caribbean literatures and the societies they represent. Have the changes definitively broken the african civilizational unity, the cultural links between Africa and the Americas ? On the contrary, the reading of the novels of the corpus shows an homogeneous and coherent picture of cultural and literary expressions of Africa and its caribbean diaspora, so doing putting Africa back into the center of caribbean culture
Bettelli, Christelle. "Les mythes et les symboles de l'esthétique fin-de-siècle : éloge de Narcisse : thèse." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2016.
Full textNarcissus. The whole framework of fin-de-siècle aesthetics is epitomized in this name : its links with the philosophy of the unique being, its reflexive style, Wilde's theory of masks, its attempt to solve the Decadent dilemma through the creation of characters which combine within themselves reality and ideal. For Narcissus primarily is the image of mankind torn apart between its dreams and the conscience of its own limits, caught in the fatal process of the Fall, in the gears of time and death. Narcissus also personifies the quest of oneself, the worship of beauty which underlies the hellenist revival, Pater's impressionistic creed and the search for perfection at the heart of dandyism. Narcissus is the major symbol of fin-de-siècle contemplative hedonism and, standing as a protest against contemporary society and its denial of personality, casts himself through various masks to assert his uniting ideal in works which form an aesthetic autobiography
Boucher, Katrine. "Le narcissisme dans l'explication des troubles des conduites alimentaires : une évaluation des processus explicites et implicites." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32025.
Full textFor several years, there has been a growing interest for the two phenotypes of pathological narcissism. Narcissistic grandiosity is characterized by arrogance, vanity and a dominant attitude, while narcissistic vulnerability is characterized by the unconscious experience of helplessness, emptiness, low selfesteem and shame. The psychodynamic mask model of narcissism proposes that narcissistic individuals have a high self-esteem on the surface that hides low self-esteem deep down inside. Thus, researchers have been interested in the two facets of self-esteem in order to gain a better understanding of pathological narcissism. While explicit self-esteem is considered to be the result of conscious, deliberate and thoughtful processes, implicit self-esteem is seen as unconscious, automatic and affective reactions. Since, few clinical studies have investigated the link between pathological narcissism and the two facets of self-esteem. Eating disorders (ED) appear to be a very relevant population considering that it has been extensively demonstrated that self-esteem is an important risk factor and, several studies have also shown the presence of pathological narcissism in women with ED. The present thesis aims to deepen current knowledge of the links between pathological narcissism and self-esteem in ED. Participants with ED (n = 69) have been compared to participants with an anxiety disorder (n = 51) and participants without history of psychiatric disorder (n = 93) on measures of explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem and pathological narcissism. Explicit self-esteem and pathological narcissism have been assessed using self-reported measures, while implicit self-esteem has been measured using the implicit association task (i.e. IAT). The first specific objective of the thesis is to examine the two phenotypes of pathological narcissism in relation to explicit and implicit selfesteem in a clinical sample with ED, a psychiatric control group and a healthy control group. The results indicate that participants with an ED showed lower self-esteem and higher levels of narcissistic grandiosity compared to participants without a history of psychiatric disorders. The results also highlight the importance of narcissistic vulnerability in women with ED since their levels were significantly higher of the psychiatric control group and the healthy control group, suggesting a specific contribution of narcissistic vulnerability regarding eating pathology. Rather than demonstrating a divergence of the two facets of self-esteem, our results suggested low explicit and implicit self-esteem (convergence). Again, our results indicate that low explicit self-esteem better explained narcissistic vulnerability than divergence between both facets of self-esteem. Although these results do not validate psychodynamic mask model of narcissism, they nevertheless highlight the important contribution of narcissistic vulnerability and explicit self-esteem in ED. The second specific objective of the thesis was to examine the specific dimensions of pathological narcissism in explaining dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors in women with anorexia nervosa (n = 27) and bulimia nervosa (n = 23) while controlling for explicit self-esteem. Our results suggest that anorexia nervosa and bulimia differ significantly in regards to their associations between the facets of pathological narcissism and dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors. These findings also shed light on the independent contribution of a narcissistic vulnerability dimension, hiding the self, in explaining eating concerns and objective binge eating in women with anorexia nervosa. This has shown that hiding the self contributes over and above a longstanding risk factor, low explicit self-esteem. Thus, the present thesis reinforces the idea that the narcissistic vulnerability must be more widely recognized and that, efforts must continue to better understand its impact on treatment.
Desplechin, François. "L'identité dans l'exil : Clinique auprès de sujets migrants, la question de l’identité dans la psychanalyse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3050/document.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is:- to think identity in psychoanalysis through the clinical care of first generation migrants (asylum seekers in Marseille, migrants in irregular status in Barcelona)- to work on those clinical facts : how can we understand that some patients are able to say "I don't know who I am", how can we understand that they go through some inhibitions to "live in the place" (F. Benslama), and how can we understand that some of them go through psychic collapse at the moment of the announcement of an agreement for political asylum?The hypothesis that I make is that these clinical facts can be understood as a "clinic of identity". The purpose to think identity through exile lead us to the hypothesis that the access of self-representation is built on the experience of otherness. This is why the exile can be interpreted (as a psychical experience) as an alteration of the relationship with the Other, which means as an alteration of self-representation.This implies to make the hypothesis that there is, inside of the question of exile, an unconscious phantasy of treason, and that this phantasy is related with the identity, and that this phantasy is based over the unspeakable fear of being forgotten.The clinical care will then be understood as an "identity work", which means as a work of recognition of the singularity of the event that the subject goes through, so that the patient would be able to restart the dialogue with himself. Then the exile may be thought in its ontological dimension : it means as an experience of identity
El objetivo de esta tesis es :- por una parte, pensar el concepto de identidad en el psicoanálisis a través de la clínica con pacientes emigrantes de primera generación (solicitantes de asilo político en Marsella, inmigrantes de primera generación en situación irregular o ilegal en Barcelona)- por otra parte, de trabajar sobre los siguientes hechos clínicos relacionados con la cuestión de la identidad: ¿cómo entender el echo de que algunos pacientes llegan a decir "ya no sé quién soy", como entender el echo de que algunos manifiesten inhibiciones obvias con el echo de "habitar en el lugar" (F. Benslama), o como entender que algunos vivan un colapso psíquico en el momento del anuncio de un acuerdo de asilo político?La propuesta que hago es que estos hechos clínicos se puedan entender como relevantes de "una clínica de la identidad", lo que significa que se dirigen inconscientemente a la cuestión de la representación de si mismo.Pensar la identidad a través de exilio o de la migración conduce a sostener la hipótesis de que el acceso a si mismo está indexado sobre la presencia del Otro. En consecuencia, el exilio puede interpretarse, al nivel psíquico, como la experiencia de una alteración de la relación hacia el Otro, es decir, como una experiencia que puede conducir el sujeto (el paciente) hacia una alteración de la relación con si mismo.Esto supone hacer la hipótesis que, dentro del corazón de la migración, se encuentra una fantasía inconsciente de traición o de falta, fantasía que se dirige hacia la identidad, y que se construye sobre un temor, aún más inconsciente, relacionado, por el sujeto, con una angustia indecible relacionada con la angustia del olvido.Entonces el acompañamiento clínico podrá pensarse como un "trabajo de identidad", es decir como un trabajo de reconocimiento de la singularidad del experiencia que vive el sujeto (el paciente) en exilio, para que pueda reanudar el diálogo con si mismo, y para que el exilio pueda abrirse en toda su dimensión ontológica, es decir, como una experiencia de identidad
Ribault, Gilles. "Le primat de l'autre dans la pensée Freudienne : théorie de la névrose et névrose dans la théorie." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070020.
Full textThe idea that is defended in this work is that the Freudian works are to be better understood if we consider that the theory of seduction - explicitly supported in the years 1895/1897 - has never been left behind by Freud. Acknowledging the relationship to the other as being at the origin of the human mind is the founding principle of the Freudian psychoanalytic perspective. The issue of the trauma, which is the first wording of the other's primacy, reappears - after apparently falling into oblivion - with the second theory of drives. The fîrst Study sets out the main steps in the metamorphosis of the concept of trauma since the first articles on the psychoneuroses of defense up to those that reveal the death drive. The second Study is dedicated to the concept of drives and to its changes over the years 1905 to 1923. The analysis of the status of narcissism and of its formative role over the Œdipus complex highlights a major turning point : in the theoretical conception of the link to the other, the neurotic modality of otherness L that is to say the narcissistic imago (the Other) - is becoming more and more vivid. The hypothesis of a theoretical drift leading Freud to normalize a structure that he originally considered pathogenic is to be confirmed in the third Study, through the exploration of three fields : that of the therapy itself, that of the conditions and forms of the drive renunciation andfinally that of the role of the narcissistic ideal in the social organization. The image of the Other, in Freud's works, eventually blocks the reflection about the other
Cally, Jean William. "LA BÊTE DANS LA LITTÉRATURE FANTASTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457638.
Full textDiop, Alioune. "L'imaginaire animalier dans la littérature arabe." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040180.
Full textDubreuil, Philippe. "Les injures dans la littérature latine." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1069.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the research of the contribution of the antique latin abusive literary practise to the social complexity and to the imaginative world. The thesis develops, in three distinct parts, a statistical, linguistic, literary and sociological study of the abusive terms in all the literary genres (125 texts and 50 authors) from IIIrd century BC to the fell of Rome in 475. It includes : - Abuses and Latin language (Volume I). Through a corpus of 1370 words and 2344 quotations, the author studies the different types of abusive words, their origins, constructions, senses and how they are employed in the latin sentences. - Abuses and latin literature (Volumes II and III). The author lists the uses (frequency and density) of abusive terms in theatre, in speeches, in poetry and in prose (philosophical or political studies, novels, correspondence. . . ). He studies the role and the functions of abuses in the texts and the connection they have with poetry, rhetoric and eloquence. - Abuses and antique roman Society (Volume IV) where is analyzed the social field of abuses according to the social groups, the Men/Women relations and the different forms of the practice of abusing naming. A special chapter is devoted to the antique roman imaginative world of abuses. The conclusion is about the civilizing role of abuses as welle in the antique Rome as in our collective unconscious. The corpus of words and quotations is detailed in a lexicon Latin-French and an index French-Latin (tome V). The lexicon is also available in. Pdf format as a CD-Rom
Benachir, Hynde. "Le "haiku" dans la littérature hispanique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30036/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is set at a crossroads between linguistics and literature since it is about the haiku in Hispanic literature, which we aim to characterize as a poetic form in the Spanish-speaking literary context and as a "prototype" of the brief from the perspective of its discursive and enunciative terms. Traditionally associated with Japanese culture, in which it takes root, the haiku is one of the shortest poetic forms in the world. With its seventeen syllables in all, it compels to the greatest thoroughness in the choice of words, a concise expression and a "condensation" of the meaning that make it a succint poem, often to be pondered after reading. Neither verse nor rhyme are part of the metrical constraints of the Japanese haiku. Its aesthetics, influenced by Zen Buddhism, aims to be contemplative, supported by the subjectivity of the poetic voice, which appears as a "witness of the world", only transposing facts that are sometimes "unimportant", often trivial, yet nonetheless a part of any person's daily life. In Western poetry, the haiku has no equivalent, owing as much to its brevity as to its "puristic" aesthetics. However, it should be noted that it is strongly represented in contemporary Hispanic literature. Neither the Orientalism from the beginning of the XXth century nor the poetic re-assessments started by the Modernists and carried on by the Avant-Garde movements are enough to explain this enthusiasm of the Spanish-speaking poets for this Japanese poem. Indeed, Hispanic literature took hold of this literary phenomenon as soon as the first translations of Japanese anthologies were published, in the 1910s. There is, however, no linguistic connection between the haiku and Spanish-speaking poets. Nevertheless, the first collections of haikus also date back to the 1910s, which indicates that there was no latency between the appearance of the haiku and its adaptation into Spanish. Starting from these observations, we attempted, through a multi-focal approach notably based on literal analysis, to retrace this poetic form's literary and linguistic path, from the Japanese rice paper rolls to the so-called "Hispanic" haiku
Vincent, Manon. "Les animaux dans la littérature hellénistique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040225.
Full textOur study focuses on animals in Hellenistic literature. We deliberately chose to work on a large text corpus in order to highlight the multiple representations of the animal appearing in the texts of the period. The first part of this study is devoted to animal imagery through which the authors describe the characters and human qualities, exposing, to a lesser extent, the analogue relationship between animals. The second part aims to show existing relationships, symbolic or real, between man and animal. The staging of the animals in the story reflects thepractices and ways of thinking of the Hellenistic society towards the animal. The last part of this study presents the attempts to objectify the behaviours and qualities of the animal. In that sense, it shows the rise of philosophical schools and sciences of the period by the philosophical and didactic approach to animal nature. In texts, Hellenistic thought reveals the continual tension between belief and knowledge, between cultural representations and "scientific data" of the animal. If the authors conceive man as belonging to the animal biological continuum, they stand out by the assertion of their superiority in an intellective perspective
Quilhot-Gesseaume, Brigitte. "Les représentations de la littérature étrangère dans l'enseignement de littérature des lycées." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10072.
Full textAngueli, Daniella. "Les résistances dans la cure psychanalytique." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20007.
Full textThe resistances, an ever-present notion in the works written by Freud and the first analysts around him, are as old as psychoanalysis itself. Beyond its usual simplified sense, the term was essentially used as a conceptual passageway and password which expressed any ambiguity, any obstacle or any regression in the practice of the analysts from most theoretical trends. In this research, we followed the evolution of the resistances from the time the term was unavoidable, in the first analysts´s theorizations, until today where it has been discarded. Following step by step the theoretical approaches of the analysts, who dealt with the issue, and attempting a basic classification according to the formation they had acquired in the psychoanalytic school they belonged, we tried to specify the content that each of them gave to the term, under which possible influences they worked and which solutions they proposed. We clarified which other terms/theoretical constructions they related the resistances with, in order to explain, confront or avoid them, and through which implicit or explicit trends they influenced their colleagues across the world. To what extend did the use of the term help them and why did they gradually discard it ? Our journey, which was not restricted to only one side of the Atlantic Ocean, showed that geographical, social and cultural conditions have influenced their choices. However, they are not sufficient to explain the end result, regarding resistances, which was the same in all the psychoanalytical societies despite of the different course that they followed: the term was discarded – along with other very important elements of the psychoanalytical technique
Dávila, Ramírez Tania Violeta. "La souffrance du corps vécu dans la danse professionnelle." Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/davilaramirez_tv.
Full textEvery one of us knows that we are living in a complex world where the symptoms can be the manifestation of our times; they are coming to us like a hieroglyphics that we must decipher. The Dance, as an institution, is a paradigm of the speech of the social ideal, where dancers are immersed and are prisoner in a strict alienation, they have to follow the rules and contributes the social control. They are obligated to build a representation of their body image that modifies their psychosomatic balance. However this suffering of the Dancer body's, we can find that it appears in a paradoxical way, because it becomes with a certain "enjoyment". The physical suffering of the body is a complex phenomena that appears in the professional classic dancers groups, as a result of a consecutive psychic suffering and some others influences like society, politics, culture and economy. This sufferance can be found like alimentary disorders as anorexia and bulimia produced by the violence existent in the dancing media who tries to build one perfect and performed body model. In order to better understand how the esthetic production are pronounced in a symbolic way in the desire of other, we have to follow the narcissism of the dancer, who carry him to have one suffer body as a manifestation of their identity. What are they searching of or what have they lost in this exercise of speak with out voice but communicating with the dance of their body's? Why must they support so much pain and suffering?
Levassort, Laurent. "La femme dans la littérature fantastique contemporaine." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100166.
Full textLouviot, Myriam. "Poétique de l'hybridité dans les littératures postcoloniales." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/LOUVIOT_Myriam_2010.pdf.
Full textSince the 80s, the postcolonial literatures have been raising increasing interest. Through a corpus of francophone and anglophone novels (from Chamoiseau, Condé, Kourouma, Waberi, Naipaul, Okri, Roy and Rushdie), this study intend to give a clear definition of the notion of hybridity, which is often associated to these literatures. Then, it analyses the way this hybridity is expressed in the novels and tries to show in which way it inscribes itself in an identity strategy. Postcolonial novels, with their diverse and sometimes contradictory heritage, are born on shaky ground, especially as their intended audience is often complex and as they often depend on recognition from Europe. They are peripheral literatures, whose place and legitimacy are not guaranteed. As such, they need to specify their context of enunciation all the more carefully and to develop a very specific scenography. It appears that these literatures rely on an ethos of loss, which is certainly felt as a suffering, but also as liberating. The hybrid also questions the notion of belonging. Embodiment of many identity aporias, it forces to think anew the traditional references. Finally, hybrid discourse, pervaded by perpetual negociation, sets itself up to be a new discourse, the reflection of the today’s changing world. Rather than to represent the identity crisis exclusively as the unhappy condition of the postcolonial individual, the postcolonial literatures turn it into a privileged position from which to elaborate new ways to be in the world
Moussa, Souleiman Obsieh. "L'oralité dans la littérature de la Corne de l'Afrique : traditions orales, formes et mythologies de la littérature pastorale, marques de l'oralité dans la littérature." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796155.
Full textObsieh, Moussa Souleiman. "L'oralité dans la littérature de la Corne de l'Afrique : traditions orales, formes et mythologies de la littérature pastorale, marques de l'oralité dans la littérature." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL016/document.
Full textThe Horn of Africa has a traditional oral literature which is rich and varied as the rest of the continent, starting from pastoral mythology to poetry, legend and storytelling. But with the social upheaval which occurred with the arrival of European settlers and the introduction of writing, the chain of transmission of the oral tradition is threatened. Many Europeans have sought to describe the habits and customs of these people. Whereas on the other hand, the writers from the Horn of Africa are often inspired by giving it (orality) and a new way of doing it. The following research work strives to reflect traditional forms of orality and their impact on modern literature
Lévesque, Geneviève. "Une écriture à l'oeuvre dans Malicroix d'Henri Bosco." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27043/27043.pdf.
Full textThis thesis schematizes, in Malicroix by Henri Bosco, the process that presides to the writing of the novel itself. Using a poietic approach, we consider the text as a writer’s poetic that takes a fictional form. A phenomenological perspective allows us to study the novel from the point of view of perception, and mythocritique enables us to reflect on the perception of the world – especially the world of the text – through the angle of the sacred and its symbols. Reconstructing the horizontal and vertical structures of the novel, we reflect on diverse aspects of the text and of the scriptural process. The reading horizon constitutes the first chapter of our thesis and offers a triple view on the novel: the story and the characters, the spatiotemporal context and the mythical point of view. In the second chapter are elaborated two central notions, the figures and the chronotopes. Two groups of figures emerge, one associated with the writer as creator of the text and the other, with the process of expression. The figures play distinct roles in the conception and expression and are represented in Malicroix by way of the characters. The chronotopes study divides the novel in eleven times-spaces that constitute the basis of the figures’ progression through the text. The third chapter details how the figures cross the chronotopes’ series, drawing the scriptural route inscribed in eleven successive situations in the text. The last chapter contains two parts. The first examines the writer’s poetic that Bosco published under the title « L’exaltation et l’amplitude ». The second, which constitutes the final objective of our study, integrates the elements of this writer’s poetic in the eleven successive situations, producing a description of the stages of the scriptural process followed by Bosco while writing Malicroix.
Closson, Marianne. "L'imaginaire démoniaque dans la littérature française (1550-1650) : genèse de la littérature fantastique." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100157.
Full textLéontaridou, Théodora. "Le mythe troyen dans la littérature française." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030013.
Full textFrom the 16th Century until the 20th, le troyan myth emerges in a variety of forms in French literature with famous or less known works but of equal significance as they convey the climate and the spirit of an era. The reason why all of these writers go into mythology could be partly explained by the imitation of ancients applied to the French letters of the 16th and 17th centuries. How this material is transformed, what the writers are expressing through the legends and the myths, which is the relationship of the transformed materiel with the initial, are some of the questions that this research is requested to explore. During the period of the Absolutism in which the freedom of expression is limited, the myth is proved to be a secure means which offers the security of the distance, the suitable frame and the flexibility of the mythological material which are processed by the creators. It becomes the vehicle of doubt and criticism of various grades against authority. The end of this political period removes from the myth this function. But it doesn’t stop its use in literature and the theater. This is because the myth is capable of putting again questions for the vital causes which deal with the human race, such as the woman, the war, the xenophobia