Journal articles: 'Narcotic drugs'

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Shaffer, John W., David N. Nurco, John C. Ball, and Timothy W. Kinlock. "Patterns of Non-Narcotic Drug Use among Male Narcotic Addicts." Journal of Drug Issues 16, no. 3 (July 1986): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600309.

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In the course of lengthy, confidential interviews conducted with 354 male narcotic addicts (195 Black, 159 White) living in the Baltimore metropolitan area, detailed information was obtained concerning their use of non-narcotic drugs during periods of active addiction to narcotics (principally heroin) as well as during periods of non-addiction to narcotics. A wide variety of non-narcotic substances were found to have a nonzero incidence of use; however, both the types and amounts of non-narcotic drugs used, as well as the combinations (patterns) in which they were used, were found to be a joint function of race (Black/White) and narcotic addiction status (actively addicted/not addicted to narcotics). Factor analysis revealed three major patterns among Blacks during periods of active narcotic addiction, and a different three patterns during periods of nonaddiction. Among Whites, four major patterns were identified during periods of active narcotic addiction, and five during periods of nonaddiction. Subsequent applications of cluster analysis revealed several different types of addicts based on patterns of non-narcotic drug use.

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Chaus, Andriy. "Activities of the national police as a subject of ensuring prevention of offenses in the field of illegal trafficking of drug substances, their analogues and precursors." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-5-119-124.

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The concept of administrative and legal counteraction to offenses in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors and the application by the National Police of Ukraine of various measures in the field of trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors are considered. The analysis of preventive measures and their features is carried out. The issue of the system of subjects of counteraction to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues and precursors is covered. The study deals with highlighting the problematic issues of crime prevention in the field of drug trafficking and combating violations in the field of anti-drug legislation. The issues of determining the mechanism of bringing to administrative responsibility for offenses in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, methods of counteracting violations in the field of anti-narcotics legislation, features of interaction of the system of subjects of counteraction to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, circulation control.

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Cho, Gyu Seong. "Analysis and Application of the 'Narcotic Drugs/Medication Driving' Clause under the Automobile Insurance Policy." Korean Insurance Law Association 16, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36248/kdps.2022.16.3.003.

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In case of narcotic drugs/medication driving in the first party property damage insurance, it is excluded from the scope of compensation. Also the bodily injury liability insurance and property damage liability insurance of the standardized clause of automobile insurance requires the insured to pay a large deductible to the insurer. In other words, exemption of part of insured money, not full exemption of liability, is provided in narcotic drugs/medication driving. The meaning of narcotic drugs and medication in automobile insurance policy refers to narcotics, marijuana, psychotropic drugs, and others prescribed by Ordinance of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety as prescribed in Article 45 of the Road Traffic Act. And the meaning of narcotic drugs/medication driving refers to the act of driving in a state that makes it impracticable to drive a motor vehicle, etc. normally due to the impact of the influence of drugs referring to narcotics, marijuana, psychotropic drugs, Korean Supreme Court of Justice emphasizes the circumstance of breach of law caused by drunk driving at the time of occurrence of accident in interpretation of exclusion provision of drunk driving in first party property damage insurance. Therefore, it cannot be interpreted that it only applies to the case there is causal relation between drunk driving and insured accident. This position of Korean Supreme Court of Justice can be interpreted that an act of drunk driving is considered as a sort of reasons for exclusions of risk which is excluded from the category of covered risk by the insurer from the beginning. However, the narcotic drugs/medication driving in automobile insurance policy, which is more likely to be socially criticized than drunk driving, stipulate a reason for exemption from the cause. In other words, there is causal relation between drunk driving and insured accident. The meaning of narcotic drugs and medication and interpret act of narcotic drugs/medication driving in current automobile insurance clauses should be revised because there is a problem. First, in the scope of psychotropic substances stipulated as immunity drugs in automobile insurance policy, drugs prescribed by doctors should be excluded. Next, it is necessary to revise the same form as the exclusion clause of drunk driving and unlicensed driving in automobile insurance policy.

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Teguh, Rahmad. "Kedudukan Hukum Pidana Terkait Adanya Peredaran Narkotika di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika." JURNAL RECHTENS 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/rechtens.v9i1.661.

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This study is understood as a library research (library research), such as a study onsecondary data. In conclusion, the law enforcement against Narcotic Crimes according to Law on Narcotics shall give sanction of imprisonment, criminal fines, life imprisonment and other sanctions. The protection of child abuse of narcotics from victimology aspects is rehabilitated due to the child as a perpetrator and victim. The International Law on drug trafficking is the policy on preventing narcotic crimes originally provided in the United Nation's Single Convention on narcotic drugs in 1961.

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Shivani C Sonawale, Sangita V Shelar, Suraj B Kumbhar, Nilima N Khakal, Vikram R Shinde, Rajesh G Jadhao, Parag R Patil, Swati D Raysing, and Dipak D Kumbhar. "Explaining the handling of prescription which contains the narcotic substances and habit forming drugs: An onfield report." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.19.2.0192.

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The present report deliberates the safe handling of prescription containing the narcotic substances and habit forming drugs. This work is confined to the boundaries of Karad and Umbraj city of satara belonging to Indian state of Maharashtra. Here, we attempted to comprehend the proper handling of prescription containing the narcotic substances and habit forming drugs. For the purpose we met with the various retail pharmacist who discussed about proper handling, dispensing and record maintenance of prescription containing narcotics and habit forming substances. Indeed, the information provided by them is crucial and speculates about a pharmacist perspective while handling prescription encompassing narcotics.

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DELIBAŠIĆ, VELJKO. "RELEVANCE OF ADOLESCENT EDUCATION ON HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DRUGS." PERSPEKTIVA UVOĐENJA BEZBEDNOSNE KULTURE U OBRAZOVNI SISTEM REPUBLIKE SRBIJE, (2021), special edition (1) (May 31, 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51738/kpolisa2021.18.1p.1.02.

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Following the introductory part in which it is stated that current results of the fight against drug abuse have been unsatisfactory, the paper defines the term “narcotic drugs”. It is suggested that it is an obsolete, outdated, and certainly inadequate term, with suggestion that the term “narcotic drugs” should be replaced by the adequate term “psychoactive controlled substances”. Then, classifications of narcotic drugs are given, describing the effects that arise from the abuse of narcotics. The paper indicates the general characteristics of criminal offenses related to narcotic drugs, and points to some changes and amendments from 2019, which relate to existing qualified forms of criminal offenses, including the case when the basic form of the crime is being committed in an educational institution or in its immediate vicinity. Afterward, the term of adolescence is defined, emphasizing the need for adolescents education as the most important and most effective way of fighting drug abuse, together with certain ideas what that education should be like. Finally, concluding remarks are made.

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Sylejmani, Rrahman. "Youth Categories and Drugs in Kosovo (2001-2014)." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p210-215.

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The use of narcotic substances has become a phenomenon of great concern, not only in Kosovo but also in all other countries of the world. Although in Kosovo there are no accurate statistics on how many individuals are regular users of narcotic substances, it is calculated that there are approximately 20. 000 users. To add to this concerning issue, is the fact that the usage of narcotics in elementary and secondary school pupils and students. The objective of this paper is to offer a more realistic presentation of the cases of narcotic users from the new age groups. The goal is to identify the factors that influence the increase of this phenomenon, which is increasing specifically among the youth and is dangerous for public health and the public order and safety. The Kosovo Institutions have approved a National Strategy and action plan for Fighting the Use of Narcotic that is now being implemented. According to the Kosovo Police this strategy has had some positive results. Kosovo Police held more than 150 operations a year in all Kosovo, with a goal of issuing prosecutorial charges against suspected individuals that are active in different individual and group forms, regarding the cultivation and trafficking of drugs. According to the statistics from the Kosovo Police, during the 2012 there was a significant increase of confiscated narcotic substances in comparison with 2011, the percentage of the confiscation of Marihuana has increased around 400%. The use of narcotics among young people is considered as a growing phenomenon. I consider that this is primarily a result of the lack of awareness among the youth regarding the potential dangers for health and social aspects, and lack of specialized institutions for treatment and rehabilitation of the addicted individuals. Lack of appropriate institutional treatment of this phenomenon represents a danger not only for public health but for the safety and public order in general.

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Yogi Arthani, Ni Luh Gede, and Made Emy Andayani Citra. "BANTUAN HUKUM TIMBAL BALIK DALAM TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA." VYAVAHARA DUTA 16, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/vd.v16i1.1335.

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Ilicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs is carried out by international networks operating in several countries. Ilicit traffic in narcotic drugs results in huge financial and wealth gains that enable transnational crime organizations to penetrate, pollute and undermine the structure of government, legitimate commercial and financial business, and society at all levels. In dealing with this situation, Indonesia harmonizes the law through mutual legal assistance arrangements. In this study two issues will be discussed namely legal reform through mutual legal assistance and mutual legal assistance in narcotics crimes.Legal reform is a policy carried out by a country to deal with the situation that occurs in the country. The development of transnational crime was responded by the state through a policy of mutual legal assistance as outlined in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2006 concerning Reciprocal Assistance in Criminal Matters. Cooperation between countries in the process of law enforcement needs to be done to tackle the crime of trafficking in narcotics. Ilicit traffic in narcotic drugs is carried out by involving several countries. Reciprocal legal assistance in narcotics crimes can be implemented in three ways, namely diplomatic channels, through central authorities and through direct cooperation between law enforcement agencies.Keywords: Mutual legal assistance, Ilicit Traffic, Narcotic Drugs

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9

Mittal, Shalini, Kiranmala Laishram, Saurabh Inamdar, N. R. Das, and A. K. Razdan. "Narcotic Drug Detection and Identification through Synchronous Fluorescence Technique." Defence Science Journal 70, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.70.16338.

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Illegal production of potentially hazardous narcotics as well as various psychotropic drugs is being carried out in the neighbouring countries and international market which is causing narco-terrorism a global havoc. Compared with traditional/natural drugs the synthetic drugs are more smuggled nowadays. Because of the vulnerability of the borders to drug trafficking, India has increased surveillance at borders and coasts and thus has tackled the problem to some extent. Authors developing a Narcotic drug sensor (point sensor) for detection and identification of Narcotic drugs based on Laser Induced Fluorescence more specifically Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy in an effort. Some narcotic samples viz. Caffeine, Quinine and Tramadol were considered for the study. The fluorescence spectrum was studied using our own laboratory-based sensor incorporating charge coupled device-based Spectrometer and Laser source (266 nm wavelength) and commercial system from ‘Horiba Scientific’ incorporating Photomultiplier tube and Xe lamp source.

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Kasahun, Asmamaw Emagn, Alem Endeshaw Woldeyohanins, Zemene Demelash kifle, Rahel Belete Abebe, Asrat Elias Ergena, and Chilot Abiyu Demeke. "Compliance of Private Pharmacy Retail Outlets to Narcotic Drug Regulations in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional and Simulated Client Study Method." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (January 2022): 004695802210909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580221090910.

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Background: Inappropriate use of narcotic drugs is a growing worldwide health challenge. The problem is even worse in Sub-Saharan Africa where organized supply chain regulations on dispensing and stock management are poor for controlling these global challenges. Methods: A mixed method, descriptive cross-sectional and simulated client study design was used from September 10, 2020 to November 26, 2020 to assess the extent of utilization and compliance of narcotic drug dispensing in private pharmacy retail outlets of Gondar and Bahir Dar town of Amhara region, Ethiopia. A total of 107 private pharmacy outlets were on duty. But in simulated study, purposive sampling is a method that prioritizes study units having the data of interest. Results: A total of 107 private pharmacy retails outlets were included in the survey. The average compliance to the controlled prescription regulation of Ethiopia in all pharmacy outlets (107) of the five drugs were calculated and found to be poor, 23.9% (SD = 18.3%). Compliance to strong narcotics is extremely low, 3.3 % for pethidine and 8% for morphine. Religion of the professionals has significant association with compliance to the prescription of narcotic drugs (p < .001). Discussion: In the era of narcotic epidemics, as a result of growing global inappropriate use of controlled drugs, the finding of this study gives an insight for a serious and strict regulation in managing and controlling the overall distribution of the narcotic drugs. Conclusions: The compliance of the private retail pharmacies of Ethiopia to the regulation of controlled drugs is low.

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Molchanov, Igor V., Nikolai E. Burov, Natalii N. Pulina, and Oleg N. Cherkavsky. "Practical aspects of postoperative analgesia." Journal of Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2011): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract83855.

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The article summarizes the experience of the use of narcotic, non-narcotic and adjuvant drugs for postoperative analgesia. Most basic algorithms of postoperative pain relief available in a hospital are considered in complex post-operative intensive care in surgical clinic. Application of the recommended scheme is likely to prevent nosocomial narcotism in patients with prolonged pain.

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Rahimi, Scott Y., John R. Vender, Samuel D. Macomson, Adam French, Joseph R. Smith, and Cargill H. Alleyne. "Postoperative Pain Management after Craniotomy: Evaluation and Cost Analysis." Neurosurgery 59, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000232646.35678.d8.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Patients undergoing craniotomies have traditionally received opiates for the management of their postoperative pain. The use of narcotic pain medications can be costly, can decrease early walking, can lengthen hospital stay, and can alter a patient's neurological examination results. The use of alternative pain medications such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors may benefit patients by resolving many of these issues. Compared with traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, these anti-inflammatory medications may be used safely in neurosurgical patients because of their selective inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme, which avoids the platelet dysfunction caused by other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODS: A randomized, single-blinded prospective study was used to evaluate the efficacy of alternative pain management strategies for patients who have undergone craniotomy. Twenty-seven patients were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 13) receiving narcotics alone or an experimental group (n = 14) receiving a COX-2 inhibitor in addition to narcotic pain medications. RESULTS: The narcotics group was noted to have statistically significantly higher visual analog scale scores, increased length of stay, and increased narcotic use compared with the COX-2 group. The narcotics group also had increased hospitalization costs when compared with the COX-2 group. CONCLUSION: The use of scheduled atypical analgesics, such as COX-2 inhibitors, in addition to narcotics for the management of postoperative pain after craniotomy may provide better pain control, may decrease side effects associated with narcotic pain medications, may encourage earlier walking, and may reduce total hospitalization costs.

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King, Paul, and James H. Coleman. "Stimulants and Narcotic Drugs." Pediatric Clinics of North America 34, no. 2 (April 1987): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36220-4.

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Lebedeva, A. K. "About Some Peculiarities of the Forensic Linguistic Examination in Cases of Drug Propaganda on the Platform Youtube." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.90.2.124-132.

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The article deals with some problems of the forensic linguistic examination in cases of drug propaganda, we analyze platform YouTube as an example. Problems with the traffic of narcotics link with the propaganda of narcotic, it has a certain influence on these figures, both among adults and among minors. The article highlights the problem of defining the concept of «propaganda», examines the discrepancy between the legislative formulation of the concept of «propaganda of narcotic drugs» and the concept of «propaganda» in the linguistic sense.

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Bayouth, Lilly, Karen Safcsak, Michael L. Cheatham, Chadwick P. Smith, Kara L. Birrer, and John T. Promes. "Early Intravenous Ibuprofen Decreases Narcotic Requirement and Length of Stay after Traumatic Rib Fracture." American Surgeon 79, no. 11 (November 2013): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481307901127.

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Pain control after traumatic rib fracture is essential to avoid respiratory complications and prolonged hospitalization. Narcotics are commonly used, but adjunctive medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be beneficial. Twenty-one patients with traumatic rib fractures treated with both narcotics and intravenous ibuprofen (IVIb) (Treatment) were retrospectively compared with 21 age- and rib fracture-matched patients who received narcotics alone (Control). Pain medication requirements over the first 7 hospital days were evaluated. Mean daily IVIb dose was 2070 ± 880 mg. Daily intravenous morphine-equivalent requirement was 19 ± 16 vs 32 ± 24 mg ( P < 0.0001). Daily narcotic requirement was significantly decreased in the Treatment group on Days 3 through 7 ( P < 0.05). Total weekly narcotic requirement was significantly less among Treatment patients ( P = 0.004). Highest and lowest daily pain scores were lower in the Treatment group ( P < 0.05). Hospital length of stay was 4.4 ± 3.4 versus 5.4 ± 2.9 days ( P = 0.32). There were no significant complications associated with IVIb therapy. Early IVIb therapy in patients with traumatic rib fractures significantly decreases narcotic requirement and results in clinically significant decreases in hospital length of stay. IVIb therapy should be initiated in patients with traumatic rib fractures to improve patient comfort and reduce narcotic requirement.

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Susanti, Julia, Julia Reveny, and Wiryanto Wiryanto. "EVALUATION AVAILABILITY OF NARCOTICS AND PSYCHOTROPICS IN PHARMACY IN MEDAN CITY REGION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.23787.

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Materials and Methods: This research use descriptive method using questionnaire instrument to 85 pharmacists in charge of pharmacy (APA) and 85 owners of pharmacy capital (PMA), then data are processed using SPPS windows.Results: The results of the questionnaire on the answers of respondents APA and PMA showed pharmacies that provide drugs class of narcotics and psychotropic in Medan 67 (43.51%), which provides narcotics only 2 (1.30%), which provides psychotropic drugs only 21 (13.64%) and pharmacies that do not provide drugs class of narcotics and psychotropic 64 (41.56%). The most common reason for narcotics and psychotropic drugs is the demand for prescription drugs at pharmacies 38 (86.36%), whereas the most reason for not providing narcotics and psychotropic drugs is that there are no or very few prescriptions of narcotics and psychopathic drugs that go into pharmacies 31 (75.61%).Conclusion: While reporting the result that reported drug with narcotic program online (SIPNAP) 46 (29.87%) with the reason most because not understand how to make and send report SIPNAP 41 (85.42%).

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Elliott, Peter N. "Chapter 13 - Narcotic analgesic drugs." Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games 1, no. 43 (January 2012): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203873823_chapter_13.

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Akiba, Okon. "International trade in narcotic drugs." Futures 29, no. 7 (September 1997): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-3287(97)00036-0.

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Thakur, Bharti, and Neeru Mittal. "Drug Policy in India: An Analysis." International Annals of Criminology 59, no. 1 (May 2021): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2021.9.

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AbstractThe Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, or NDPS Act, was enacted to control addictive drugs and prohibit their possession, dispersion, sale, import, and trade in India. Psychotropic agents have the potential to change an individual’s consciousness, while narcotic drugs relieve anxiety. The Indian Parliament passed the NDPS Act on November 14, 1985. Nonetheless, these types of drugs are important in the practice of medicine. Consequently, the Act contains provisions for the cultivation of cannabis, poppy, and coca seeds and the production of certain psychotropic medicines used for medical purposes. The Act’s primary objective is to regulate the manufacturing, ownership, selling, and transportation of narcotics and psychotropic drugs. The Act forbids the selling of nearly 200 psychotropic medications, resulting in these drugs being inaccessible over the counter to the general public. These medications are only available for use with a prescription. Violations of this law can result in a sentence of incarceration or a fine, or both, depending on the offense’s severity, which is determined by the severity of the situation at hand. If the drugs are being used for personal benefit, the penalty can be minimized. Furthermore, the legislation has been revised several times since its inception.

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Marasabessy, Fachrul. "CRIMINAL DISPENSATION AGAINST NARCOTIC ABUSES AND ADDICTIVES REVIEW FROM UU NO 35/2009." I-BEST: Islamic Banking & Economic Law Studies 1, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36769/ibest.v1i1.224.

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This writing examines or analyzes secondary data in the form of secondary legal materials by understanding law as a set of regulations or positive norms in the legal system that regulates human life (library research). Based on the results of the study, it is known that law enforcement against narcotics crimes according to the Narcotics Law is subject to imprisonment, fines, life imprisonment and other sanctions. , Narcotics circulation in terms of international law, namely the policy of dealing with narcotics crimes was originally stated in The United Nation's Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961.

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Harrison, Ivor. "What is an Addict? An International Perspective." Medical Law International 1, no. 1 (March 1993): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096853329300100108.

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States are required to submit to the International Narcotics Control Board copies of laws relating to narcotic and psychotropic drugs. These have been used to study the changes in the definitions of ‘addict’ and ‘drug addict’ over the years. Most countries now recognise the need for the ‘addict’ to be treated medically rather than punished. Some recent definitions recognise that similar problems can result from the use of products not normally regarded Abstract drugs, such as volatile solvents.

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Kutskel, Maksim V. "On the Correlation between the Concepts of “Manufacture” and “Processing of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances” in Relation to Article 6.8 of the Administrative Offense Code of the Russian Federation." Administrative law and procedure 2 (February 24, 2022): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-2-79-81.

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The author studies the definitions of manufacture and processing of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances enshrined in national laws of the Russian Federation and international treaties. Based on the analysis of scientific publications and the law enforcement practice, the author concludes that it is expedient to use the definition of “manufacture” of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances enshrined in the Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs, 1961.

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Usova, G. M., and I. V. Malykhin. "Forensic Techniques Used in the Investigation of Smuggling on Railway Transport." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.121.12.149-156.

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The paper examines the forensic tools and methods used in the investigation of smuggling on the railway transport. The role of these forensic tools and methods is quite high, since they make it possible to timely identify and suppress the commission of the crime in question, determine the perpetrators and prevent the spread of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their precursors on the territory of our country. The paper also discusses the features of the use of special methods of forensic science in the investigation of smuggling committed on the railway transport. One of the main smuggled items today are narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their precursors or analogues, plants containing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their precursors, or their parts containing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their precursors, tools or equipment, under special control and used for the manufacture of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, while criminal liability for this crime is provided for in Art. 229.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

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Storehagen, Live, Friha Aftab, Christine Årdal, Miloje Savic, and John-Arne RØttingen. "Should Antibiotics Be Controlled Medicines? Lessons from the Controlled Drug Regimen." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 46, S1 (2018): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110518782919.

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This study aimed to identify the antibiotic-relevant lessons from the controlled drug regimen for narcotics. Whereas several elements of the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961) could be advantageous for antibiotics, we doubt that an international legally binding agreement for controlling antibiotic consumption would be any more effective than implementing stewardship measures through national AMR plans.

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Schifano, Fabrizio. "Analyzing the Open/Deep Web to Better Understand the New/Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) Scenarios: Suggestions from CASSANDRA and NPS.Finder Research Projects." Brain Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030146.

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New/novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are defined as new narcotic/psychotropic drugs which are not controlled by the United Nations’ 1961 Narcotic Drugs/1971 Psychotropic Substances conventions, but which may pose a public health threat [...]

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Belyaev, Ivan Yur'evich. "The problem of control systems for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances." Вопросы безопасности, no. 1 (January 2022): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.37626.

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The subject of the study is problematic issues of control systems for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The author analyzes the control systems of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign states, analyzes the relationship of the control system for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with the national security system of the state. Particular attention is paid to the search and justification of common features and features of control systems for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in existing legal systems. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the classification of control systems, the principles of functioning of control systems and the extension of the tools of existing control systems to new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of existing legal norms aimed at suppressing illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The author introduces the term "control system for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances", and classifies existing control systems. The main conclusions of the study are: 1) currently, there are individual, universal and mixed control systems for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; 2) the Russian control system is individual; 3) the universal control system is most consistent with the goals of ensuring national security. The results of the study are applicable in law-making, law enforcement and research activities.

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Dvoymenny, I. A. "ACTIVITIES OF THE ANTI-DRUG COMMISSIONS OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS AN ELEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF CONTROL OVER THE TURNOVER OF NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Region: systems, economy, management 2, no. 53 (2021): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1997-4469-2021-53-2-145-152.

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Subject. Control over the turnover of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the Russian Federation. Topic. Problematic aspects of control over the turnover of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Goals. Analysis of the management and control system in the sphere of trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the Russian Federation. Methodology. The methodological basis is a complex, systematic, activity-based, situational, structural and functional methods. Results. The problematic aspects of control over the turnover of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in the subjects of the Russian Federation are identified and options for its further improvement are proposed. Scope of application. Improving the drug control system in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. It is necessary to create a permanent scientific and methodological platform that generates comprehensive proposals for improving anti-drug legislation across the country, with an effective feedback mechanism with partners and direct contacts with the legislative bodies. Keywords: anti-drug commissions of the subjects of the Russian Federation, control over the turnover of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, anti-drug policy

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Rudik, M. "CHARACTERISTIC OF CRIME RELATED TO THE ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING OF NARCOTIC DRUGS, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES AND THEIR ANALOGUES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7, no. 3 (December 12, 2022): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-3(2)-253-263.

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The author analyzed the dynamics of crimes related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues on the territory of the Republic of Crimea in 2016–2020. In addition, the structure of crime related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues in the territory of the Republic of Crimea was analyzed. Some statistics indicate that the majority of crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are committed by persons who do not have a permanent source of income. The author notes that at present, effective counteraction to drug-related crimes has a number of difficulties arising from the transition from contact types of sale to non-contact ones, which are actively used by persons distributing and selling narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. In countering such electronic methods of contactless sale of narcotic drugs, law enforcement agencies often work in an insufficient, and sometimes in a truncated format. The main difficulties in its high-quality implementation are reduced to the difficulties in the implementation of technical processing of the Internet messengers used for its implementation, operations with cryptocurrencies, as well as the use of anonymizers.

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Кorniienko, M. V. "Organizational and tactical principles of control supply of drugs and psychotropic substances." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 67 (January 16, 2022): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.67.53.

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The article considers the organizational and tactical principles of this form of control over the commission of a crime in the investigation of crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors, especially in their smuggling. The author reveals the concept, purpose, objectives and types of this event, the legal basis and organizational and tactical principles of controlled delivery. The author analyzes the content of regulations governing the controlled supply and highlights certain features that indicate the effectiveness of this measure. Also, in accordance with the purpose of controlled delivery, enshrined in law and the established direction of effective action, there are tasks that can be solved during the prevention, detection and investigation of crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The author's definition of controlled delivery as an effective form of control over the commission of crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is formulated. Systematized on the basis of the opinion of a number of scientists and substantiated classification features and relevant types of controlled supply of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. It is established that according to the method of obtaining primary information, controlled deliveries can be divided into those detected at the stage of preparation and those detected during the illegal transportation of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances. It was stated that controlled delivery is a rather complex organizational and tactical measure, and therefore it requires proper training of all participants, especially in terms of their interaction and involves joint plans, preparation of appropriate forces and means, briefings and more. The stages of controlled delivery in the investigation of crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors, especially in the implementation of their smuggling. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of the organization and tactics of controlled delivery in the investigation of crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors.

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Huminsky, M. "THE CONCEPT OF THE TURNOVER OF NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES, THEIR PRECURSORS AND ANALOGUES." Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part D. Economic and legal sciences, no. 14 (January 2, 2022): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1632-2021-59-14-136-139.

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The article discusses the definition of the concept of "trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances", provides a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of the CIS member states in the field of regulation of this concept, determines the trend in determining the trafficking of narcotic drugs at the level of the CIS states.

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Rybakowska, Iwona. "Psychoactive Substances and Drugs-Medicament and Narcotic." American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research 12, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.12.001703.

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Filippova, Olga V. "On Recidivism in Illicit Narcotic Drugs Trafficking." Drug control 1 (March 29, 2018): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2018-1-27-29.

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Barbuto, John. "Patient-Reported Utilization Patterns of Narcotic Drugs." Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 9, no. 4 (July 2003): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2003.9.4.374.

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Bluth, Martin H., and Matthew R. Pincus. "Narcotic Analgesics and Common Drugs of Abuse." Clinics in Laboratory Medicine 36, no. 4 (December 2016): 603–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cll.2016.07.013.

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Madancy, Joyce A. "Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China. BY FRANK DIKÖTTER, LARS LAAMANN, and ZHOU XUN. [Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2004. 319 pp. $35.00. ISBN 0-226-14905-6.]." China Quarterly 181 (March 2005): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005310101.

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In the burgeoning sub-field of narcotic history in China, Narcotic Culture stands out as a revision of the revisionist literature. Most scholars now concur that the nature and extent of China's narcotic “problem” has been grossly exaggerated over time, and recent scholarship has reinterpreted opiates as key components of social, economic and political developments in the late Qing and Republican eras. But Narcotic Culture goes well beyond this reassessment in an interpretation that relies on a wide range of archival and other primary sources, as well as a methodology that successfully blends history and anthropology. Dikötter, Laamann and Zhou take issue with the “narcophobic discourse” (p. 2) that has characterized the rhetoric of drug use and abuse in China and, even more significant, they dispute the assumption that various attempts to prohibit opium and other narcotics were positive developments that reflected state strength or rising Chinese nationalism. Instead, the authors build a strong case for their contention that it was prohibition that generated a social and economic disaster for many Chinese.The first half of the book is devoted to debunking what the authors term “the opium myth,” the idea that opium caused more harm than good and was largely responsible for the downfall of Chinese civilization. They establish that opium use was not confined to China, most Chinese opium smokers were not addicts, and many smokers sought the drug's valued medical benefits. They hypothesize that opium abuse in China was largely prevented by a smoking culture that valued decorum and encouraged complex and time consuming rituals. The authors also note that any valid historical examination of narcotics in China must have a global focus and should seek to extricate the drug from the multilayered socio-cultural meanings that have, at various times, transformed a legitimate medicine into a moral problem.

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Buzin, V. N., and D. V. Nevzorova. "ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY AND ACCESS TO PALLIATIVE CARE BY POPULATION: A SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH." Social Aspects of Population Health 68, no. 4 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2022-68-4-9.

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Significance. One of the least studied aspects of access to and quality of medical palliative care delivery to population is the assessment of subjective perception of satisfaction of palliative care recipients, their relatives and legal representatives with quality of palliative care provided, availability of medicines, including those containing narcotics and psychotropic substances, and medical products for home use. The purpose of the study: to assess subjective perception of satisfaction of palliative care recipients and identify factors affecting this perception. Material and methods. The study material was based on results of a sociological survey of the Russian population conducted by the method of personal interviews at the place of residence (apartment survey) and at the place of palliative care. The survey sample equaled to 600 respondents. The sampling error added up to 3.37% with statistical significance as p<0.1, which is sufficient for initial assessment of palliative care quality in the country. Results. The overall satisfaction with palliative care equaled to 88.7% for inpatient palliative care, and 92.1% for home-based palliative care. The most urgent problem for palliative care recipients remains receipt of prescription for narcotic drugs. The study has identified ongoing problems in this area of palliative care delivery to patients in need. The most favorable situation with accessibility of narcotic drugs is registered in pediatric recipients – none the respondents among legal representatives of the palliative care recipients noted any problems related to receiving narcotic drugs. The study has also identified a problem of insufficient awareness of availability of medical products to patients and their legal representatives, their rights and opportunities secured and provided by the state. Conclusion. In general, the results of the survey of palliative care recipients demonstrate a high level of satisfaction of the respondents with all parameters of palliative care delivery. Thus, the average assessment of satisfaction with quality of palliative care provided to patients both in hospital and at home equaled to 4.4. The study shows a need for further improvement of patient provision with narcotic drugs and improvement of the mechanism of informing palliative care recipients about their rights.

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Chernyshenko, E. V. "The method of committing illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in correctional facilities of the Federal Penal Service of Russia." Penitentiary science 13, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2019-13-3-391-397.

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The article discusses the peculiarities of the committing illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in correctional institutions of the Federal Penal Service of Russia. The author conducted a study of the materials of criminal cases on crimes of the type in question as well as a survey of employees of the penal system, which allowed us to establish a list of the most common ways of committing illicit traffic in narcotics and psychotropic substances. The choice of a specific method of committing a crime is determined by a number of factors: the features of the territory of the FSIN institutions of Russia, the establishment of constant supervision and protection of convicts, the use of special forces and means to detect various prohibited items, including narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. It should be noted that crimes of this type are most often committed by prior conspiracy by a group of persons, which includes a convict serving a sentence in a correctional institution and coordinating the actions of group members by means of mobile communications. Illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances occupies a leading position in the structure of penal crime and poses a huge problem for the penitentiary system: it has a negative impact on the regime, operational environment and can provoke the commission of other crimes, including grave and especially grave ones such as against persons serving a sentence of imprisonment as well as against staff of institutions. A comprehensive study of the method of committing crimes of this type allows you to develop effective methods of counteraction and investigation.

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Bezverkhov, A. G., and I. Yu Belyaev. "On the object of crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and similar substances in Russian and international legislation." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, no. 10 (January 10, 2023): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.98.10.196-205.

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The article examines the problem of harmonization of international and domestic legislation in the field of combating illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and similar substances, associated with the ratio of objects of drug crimes. It has been established that from the point of view of international and Russian law, these encroachments are recognized as multi-objective, since they are capable of harming a multitude of heterogeneous benefits protected by law. At the same time, the main object of these encroachments is proposed to be considered the health of the population (citizens) or public health as a state of complete socio-economic, physical, mental well-being of the population (citizens). This kind of approach should be reflected in the international anti-drug legislation, the provisions of which are replete with references to the most diverse socially protected benefits, which are recognized as equivalent from a legal point of view. It is shown that in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation the list of objects of crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and similar substances is wider than in international law both in terms of the number of narcotic drugs and the number of psychotropic substances. Moreover, in domestic criminal law (unlike international law), analogues of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are recognized as the subject of these crimes. It is concluded that international and national law should be reasonably correlated in terms of the number of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors enshrined in special control lists.

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Chetvertakova, E. Ju. "Problems of Qualifying the Acquisition of Narcotic Substances on the Basis of Actus Reus." Rossijskoe pravosudie 4 (March 25, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2021.4.93-100.

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The complex nature of the act of the illegal acquisition of narcotic substances, creates problems in determining the boundaries of the intrusion and determining the stage of the crime, which leads to a lack of uniformity in the application of the provisions of Article 228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this article is to identify the problems that arise during the qualification of illegal acquisition of narcotic drugs, and to suggest ways to solve them. Tasks: analysis of the concept of the acquisition of narcotic drugs, the establishment of signs that are part of the objective side of the encroachment, the definition of the boundaries of the objective element to differentiate the stages of the crime. The article is based on an analysis of criminal legislation, doctrinal provisions and judicial practice. The author concludes that the acquisition of a narcotic substances is an act as a result of which a person is able to possess, use and dispose of the drug at his own discretion. The moment of completion of the crime should be associated with the possibility of disposing of the drug received. The seizure of narcotic drugs from the purchaser in the course of law enforcement intelligence operations cannot be considered as a completed crime. When determining the initial stage of the actus reus, the method of committing the crime should be taken into account. The conclusion is substantiated that it is inadmissible to use by analogy the explanation of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the content of the sale of narcotic drugs when interpreting the sign of illegal acquisition.

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Failin, Failin. "PELAKSANAAN PENYIDIKAN TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DI SATUAN NARKOTIKA POLRES BUKITTINGGI." Ensiklopedia Sosial Review 2, no. 3 (February 18, 2021): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33559/esr.v2i3.629.

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Drugs on the one hand are drugs or materials used in the field of medicine or health care and development of science and on the other can also cause a very harmful dependence when abused or used Without strict and careful control and supervision. With the birth of Law No. 35 year 2009 concerning narcotics, all actions that export, import, produce, plant, store, circulate and or use narcotics and its sankations have been governed therein To mitigate and eradicate such crimes. The use of narcotics without strict control and supervision is very detrimental and is a huge danger to the human life, society, nation, and state and national resilience of Indonesia. When order in Bukittinggi police from year to year the figure of narcotic criminal offence increased, overall the case reached level P 21. So the implementation of narcotics investigation in Bukittinggi police is now running according to the rules, namely based on KUHAP, but the implementation is not effective because in this case still found inhibitory factors Implementation of the investigation, so that the implementation of effective investigation is not implemented.

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Tsukanov, Nikolay N. "The International Scientific and Practical Seminar Dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of Subdivisions for Control over the Circulation of Narcotic Drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia." Administrative law and procedure 2 (February 24, 2022): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-2-86-88.

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On December 6, 1991, there was established the Bureau for Control over Illegal Circulation of Narcotic Drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR as an independent structural subdivision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In 2021, there was the 30th anniversary of the establishment of subdivisions for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In view of that, the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has prepared and held an international scientific and practical seminar to review the issues reflecting historical aspects of functioning of subdivisions of internal affairs agencies for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and related to the relevant problems of drug threat combating at the modern stage.

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Schmitt-Koopmann, Caroline, Carole-Anne Baud, Valérie Junod, and Olivier Simon. "Switzerland’s Narcotics Regulation Jungle: Off-Label Use, Counterfoil Prescriptions, and Opioid Agonist Therapy in the French-Speaking Cantons." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 13164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413164.

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The word “narcotic” is often first associated with “illicit drugs”. Yet, many “narcotic” and psychotropic substances are, in fact, medicines. Controlled medicines (CM) are products that meet the legal definition of both a “narcotic” under the Swiss Narcotics Act and of a medicine under the Therapeutic Products Act. We aim to examine how similar and how different, respectively, the implementation of CM regulations is throughout French-speaking Switzerland. Based on a legal analysis of the cantonal regulations, we conducted semi-structured interviews with cantonal pharmacists and cantonal physicians. We asked them how they perceive and implement the federal legal requirements. We find that some of these requirements have fallen into disuse, notably the federal duty to notify off-label use of CM. We observe that counterfoil prescriptions in their current paper format are a veritable data graveyard in the sense that they are not actively used to monitor or supervise the market. Moreover, we detect different conditions for opioid agonist treatment authorization. Some cantons require additional physicians’ training or written commitments by the person treated. Our mapping of the CM regulation implementation can serve as a basis for cantons to review their practices.

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Malyanova, Karina. "Topical Issues of Investigating the Sale of Narcotic Drugs and Highly Potent Substances on the Information and Telecommunication Network Internet." Siberian Criminal Process and Criminalistic Readings, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2411-6122.2021.4.69-76.

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The authors analyze the criminalistic methodology of investigating the sales of narcotic drugs and potent substances on the information and telecommunication network Internet. They present statistical data and examples of the new ways and means of distributing narcotics and potent substances through Internet platforms. The authors have analyzed the causes and conditions for the mass dissemination and use of narcotics and potent substances in the situation of modern society’s transition to the new era of innovative technologies. They examined the issue of the development of the sales of narcotics and potent substances using the platforms RAMP and HYDRA, and the possibilities of bulk phone text messaging of links to these sites. The authors suggest measures on improving the cooperation of the law enforcement bodies with other agencies with the goal of preventing the distribution and sales of narcotics and potent substances on the Internet.

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Shlykov, Ilya V., Alexey E. Kovalenko, and Maria V. Rushakova. "Criminological prognostication of the emergence of new types of narcotic drugs." Butlerov Communications 64, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-64-12-88.

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The article presents the results of studying the algorithms for the emergence of new types of narcotic drugs, identifies the patterns of changes in the chemical structures of new psychoactive substances, and proposes a mechanism for criminological prognostication of the emergence of new types of substances with narcogenic potential. Analytical studies of the emergence of new psychostimulants have confirmed the correctness of the chosen model of state control of new psychoactive substances – the introduction of “derivative narcotic substances and psychotropic substances” into Russian legislation. An objective and comprehensive study of the chemical structures of molecules of new psychoactive substances also confirmed the legitimacy of establishing state control over the illegal traffic of analogues of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. In general, the conducted analytical study suggests considering from the scientific and analytical point of view the possible introduction into law enforcement practice of a new direction "Criminological prognostication of the emergence of new types of narcotic drugs". The general algorithms and patterns found in the process of analytical research in the new structures of molecules of psychoactive substances have confirmed both the forensic search and the logical and stepwise development of science in the field of psychoactive substances.

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Miftakhov, Azat R. "Problematic Issues of Forensic Examinations in the Detection and Investigation of Crimes on Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs of Plant Origin." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 16, no. 3 (November 4, 2021): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-3-73-80.

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The article discusses the main trends in the illegal trafficking of plants containing psychoactive substances of the hallucinogen class. The author reveals the features of hallucinogens and dissociative anesthetics. The article also provides statistical indicators of the consumption growth of new psychoactive substances, including those contained in plant objects. The main criteria by which plant objects fall under the constructive apparatus of illegal trafficking are identified. The author pays special attention to applying specialized knowledge to expert identification and diagnostics of plants withdrawn from illicit trafficking containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances or their precursors. To counteract the illegal trafficking of narcotic plants, the author proposes measures to improve the operational algorithms of experts’ actions when investigating herbal narcotic drugs. On the example of plants species Banisteriopsis caapi, the author demonstrates the lack of the study of taxonomic units of tropical plants containing hallucinogens. To solve this problem, the author proposes to change the level of definition of taxonomic affiliation from species to generic in the List of Plants containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances or their precursors.

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V. Talan, Maria, and Oleg N. Dunin. "CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MEDICAL WORKERS FOR ISPENSING NARCOTIC DRUGS TO REDUCE THE SUFFERING OF PATIENTS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (December 12, 2019): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7698.

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Purposes: This article is devoted to the analysis of the problem that has been developed in the Russian Federation with the access of patients with severe pain to narcotic painkillers. Methodology: The legislation of the Russian Federation recognizes that patients have an unconditional right to pain relief, which is reflected in the Federal Law No. 323 dated November 21, 2011 “On the Basics of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation”. However, the procedural rules governing the receipt of narcotic painkillers by patients establish strict bureaucratic rules that impede the timely access of patients to the only effective narcotic drugs in their case. Results: Deviation from these procedural rules threatens medical and pharmaceutical workers with criminal liability for illegal drug trafficking. As a result, Russian patients do not receive painkillers on a significant scale. The quality of life in the patient, who is forced to endure severe pain, is significantly reduced, which often leads to suicide. Various legislative solutions to this problem are proposed. Implications/Applications: Liberalization of the rules for dispensing narcotic painkillers are effective in the long term, but it has several problems. Slight liberalization is not able to fundamentally improve the situation of patients with severe pain. Novelty/Originality: Significant liberalization can create a negative narcotic situation due to market saturation with legal narcotic drugs. In the short term, an effective measure will be the exclusion of the criminal liability of medical and pharmaceutical workers for the prescription and dispensing narcotic painkillers to patients with severe pain syndrome in violation of the existing procedural rules, but for medical reasons.

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Емельянов, Виктор, and Victor Emelyanov. "Countering the illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in Russia: historical, legal and international legal aspects." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2019, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2019-2-138-146.

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Illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is an international and national problem. Russia has ratified a number of international legal instruments providing the control of illicit drugs and substances. Within the framework of national legislation, it has developed two strategies: to reduce illicit drug demand and supply. International counteraction of illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is a system of normative legal acts. However, the legislative differences of the States participating in international cooperation reduce their effectiveness. Considering international recommendations, Russia in the Soviet and post-Soviet period improved its anti-drug legislation. With the use of the historical method, the terminology of the criminal law is supplemented by the systematization of the Russian criminal legislation in the field of combating illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in various historical periods. Using a comparative legal analysis, periods of development of international legal conventional cooperation were identified. The conclusion about an international attempt to weaken international and national control over illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances aimed at eliminating the system of international drug safety is made. Formal element of a definition of a crime under articles 228 and 228.1 of the current Criminal code of the Russian Federation are analyzed in the article. The results of comparative legal analysis of given above articles’ dispositions and sanctions are introduced.

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Zulyadi, Rizkan. "Obstacle Factors on Evidence System of Urine Test Result on Drugs Cases in National Narcotics Board of North Sumatera Province, Indonesia." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 1316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i2.976.

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This study aims to discuss what factors inhibit the system of proving the results of urine test narcotics cases in the National Narcotics Agency of North Sumatra Province. the system of proving urine test results in narcotics cases in the National Narcotics Agency of North Sumatra Province that the opinion of Dr. Romi as a medical team at BNN said the function of the urine test is to determine whether or not someone has used narcotics because in the urine it will be known whether there is a narcotic content or not that can only be known for 1-7 days after use and urine tests are carried out with aids in the form of stick test. Provide counseling about Narcotics and the presence of BNN in North Sumatra Province in educational institutions. Provide counseling about Narcotics and the presence of BNN in each region in the Province of North Sumatra as a research location. Establish cooperation with parties both public and private to provide counseling in each institution.

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Mentyukova, M. A., and O. S. Pustovalova. "Modern Drug Situation as a Criminogenic Factor of Crime Growth." Pravo istoriya i sovremennost 6, no. 1 (2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/pravo.2022.01.pp.119-127.

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A sociological analysis of the state of the drug threat has been carried out, the main regions for the production of narcotic drugs have been described, and components that characterize the drug situation both at the global and Russian levels have been formulated. The danger of expanding the production and consumption of synthetic drugs as one of the criminogenic factors in the growth of crime is emphasized. As a result, the need to intensify efforts to integrate the world community in countering the illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is substantiated.

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Stevens, Dennis J. "Arrest-Conviction Barriers of Narcotic Law Enforcement Officers." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 71, no. 3 (July 1998): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9807100305.

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To study the barriers of narcotic arrest-conviction rates, 255 narcotic officers were surveyed. It was argued that in-service training and advanced education among narcotic law enforcement officers was the major factor influencing narcotic arrest-conviction rates. While the data showed the hypothesis was supported, it showed that a lack of cooperation between law enforcement agencies, inadequate equipment/technology, and inexperienced prosecutors were greater predictors of arrest-conviction rates than well trained, educated officers. One implication of these findings is that the very nature of narcotic enforcement fosters a contradiction of law and order producing officer alienation. Further, narcotic officers fail to view themselves as part of a larger social structure furthering the sociological imagination perspective. One recommendation is that a state narcotic agency outside local jurisdiction be created to enforce all drug violations. Further research should be conducted concerning narcotic officer corruption and the war on drugs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Narcotic drugs'

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