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Journal articles on the topic 'Narmada River Region'
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1
Painkra, Neelima, Arjun Shukla, and Shivani Rai. "DIVERSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH MARKERS ODONATA AND LEPIDOPTERA IN GWARIGHAT REGION OF RIVER NARMADA, JABALPUR (M.P.) INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i4.2016.2765.
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River Narmada is the fifth largest westwards flowing river of India. Biodiversity protection and conservation is a national and international agenda and responsible for sustainable development of a region or a country and secondly Lepidoptera and Odonata are potential bio control agents of many invertebrates. Lepidoptera and Odonata assemblage along with river Narmada bank of Gwarighat region in Jabalpur has been investigated. A total of 41species have been distributed in two orders Odonata with 22 species and Lepidoptera with 19 species were sampled. Libellulidae with 9 species under order Odonata and Nymphalidae with 9 species under Lepidoptera are the most dominating families while others have fewer representatives. Mostly organisms were aggregated due to habitat specific nature and random distribution indicates availability of resource utilization to survive but, in the urban forest area, high anthropogenic disturbances were observed which creates high biotic pressure on forest. A detailed list of Odonata and Lepidoptera recorded from urban forest area is presented.
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Gupta, Mahendra K. "Water - Borne Pathogens from Diffrent Sources of Jabalpur Region." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 2, no. 2 (September 8, 2004): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.4.11.
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Water-borne diseases constitute one of the major public hazards in developing countries(WHO 1997), in India, more than 70 % of the epidemic are either water-borne or water related( Khera et.al.1996). The pathogens most frequently transmitted through water are those which cause infection of the intestinal tract namely Typhoid and Paratyphoid bacteria, Dysentery (Bacillary and amoebic) and Cholera bacteria and enteric virus. Among the micro-organisms 61% bacteria are water-borne pathogens. Samples of surface, ground and drinking water were collected from Jabalpur region. Surface water samples were collected from the river Narmada and Bargi reservoir. Ground and drinking water samples were collected from wells, Hand -pump and Municipal supply. Samples were collected in sterilized borosil glass bottles (Cap. 300ml). These samples were brought in ice bags where the temperature was maintained at 4oC to freeze the activity of microbes present in water. To assess the presence of water borne pathogens, indicator parameters viz. Heterotophic plate count(HPC), Total coliform count (TCC), Feacal coliform count (FCC), Feacal streptococci count(FSC), presence of pseudomonas and Aeromonas and Total count of yeast and mould were studies by standard methodologies recommended by American Public Health Association (APHA, 1995) and Bureau of Indian standards. In comparison to ground and drinking water (collected from well, hand pump and corporation water supply), the surface water (collected from Narmada and impounded water sample from upstream of Bargi Reservoir) showed higher numbers (i.e 2 to 10 times increase in all the indicator parameters). All indicator parameters indicate that there was a sharp decline between Mandla and Bargi Reservoir largely due to the dilution of the point load of sewage from Mandla (river Narmada) and absence of any point source sewage up to Bargi reservoir. All ground water and drinking water sample showed the presence of Coliforms,Faecal streptococci, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Yeast and Mould. However, except for some indicator microorganisms, most water samples were found to be contaminated with water-borne pathogens.
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Carpenter, Abhay, and Mahendra Kumar Choudhary. "Water Demand and Supply Analysis using WEAP Model for Veda River Basin Madhya Pradesh (Nimar Region), India." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 6 (March 3, 2022): 3050. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.3050.
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Significant gaps exist in water management strategies implemented in the sub-basin of Narmada River, the Veda River Basin. Hence, the main goal of this study is to predict water demand and supply, recharge and draft with the use of the Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP) Model. The study area is watershed of the Veda River located in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh, and Middle Narmada River sub-basin of India. In this study, the WEAP model is used as a decision support system for watershed management. The WEAP model uses water balance approach for the generation of results, based on that 4 types of scenarios have been developed are high population growth, high industrial growth, rainwater harvesting, and water storage structures for future trends. The unmet water demands were simulated in all administrative blocks, catchments, and industries which amounting to 9.58´108 m3 in 2011 and 9.65´108 m3 in 2030. Results suggested that the addition of water storage structures as well as artificial groundwater recharge structures reduce the unmet water demand for domestic consumption and meet irrigation water requirements.
HIGHLIGHTS
Watershed management using a Decision Support System
GIS and WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning System) model used in order to find demand and supply of water
Scenarios generated based on demand and supply analysis
Analysis of scenarios and future suggestions
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Sirisena, Jeewanthi, Denie Augustijn, Aftab Nazeer, and Janaka Bamunawala. "Use of Remote-Sensing-Based Global Products for Agricultural Drought Assessment in the Narmada Basin, India." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 13050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013050.
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Droughts exert severe impacts on the environment, economy, and society. The south Asian region is vulnerable to droughts and the Indian sub-continent is one of the most vulnerable in the region to frequent drought disasters. This study assesses the agricultural droughts in the Narmada River Basin (NRB), India, where more than 50% of the area is utilized for agriculture, through freely available local and global remote-sensing-based data focusing on long-term rainfall trends (1989–2018) and recently weakened monsoons in 2017 and 2018. In this study, some of the widely used indices to characterize droughts (viz., Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), simplified Rainfall Index (RIs), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)), soil moisture content, and reservoir surface areas were used to assess the drought conditions in the Narmada River Basin over the study period. Our analysis shows that the NRB has experienced a decreasing trend in monsoon rainfall over the past three decades. The SPI captured most of the basin’s historical droughts. The weakened monsoons during 2017–2018 show that different parts of the NRB have experienced severe or moderate drought conditions. A clear difference does not show in the NDVI and in the soil moisture contents of the basin over three hydrological years (2015/16, 2016/17, and 2017/18), except for July to September 2017/18. The estimated water area depletion using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) follows the actual water levels in three selected reservoirs in the basin, of which, two show a decline in the maximum surface area, likely due to the weakened monsoons in 2017 and 2018. This research indicates that the freely available data can be beneficial for local authorities to monitor and understand the drought conditions to support water resources management and planning for agricultural activities.
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Saini, Deepika. "ASSESSMENT OF SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS TO INVESTIGATE POLLUTION STATUS OF NARMADA RIVER, JABALPUR REGION (M.P)." Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24105/gjbahs.6.2.1703.
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Yogesh, Khichi. "Study on the fish species diversity and macro invertebrates of the river Narmada in Nimar Region of M.P." International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 10, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/fish.2022.v10.i6b.2754.
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Parashar Preeti and D. A. Dhale. "Ethnoveterinary Plants used against Horn Cancer or Broken Horn Disease among Tribals of West Nimar Madhya Pradesh." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 7, no. 07 (September 27, 2021): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0707012.
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West Nimaris the South Western region of Madhya Pradesh state in West Central India. The region lies south of the Vindhya Ranges and consists of two portions of the Narmada and Tapti river valleys separated by a section of the Satpurarange. Bhil, Bhilala, Gond, Nayika and Tadwi are dominant tribe of the region. They are dependent on plant based medium and other for recovery of their ailment. The purpose of these studies was to gather ethnoveterinary medicinal knowledge from the area's livestock owners. Traditional healers gathered data on ethnoveterinary medicines through verbal and informal interviews, followed by a well-structured questionnaire. The majority of plants are dicotyledons, with monocotyledons accounting for a small percentage of the total. The leaves are used the most, followed by roots, rhizome, stem, gum, whole plant, and fruits. In the treatment, dermal approaches are used. In many circumstances, plant products, such as sindoor (vermillion), and cow urine, are utilised to treat horn cancer or fractured horn
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Dwivedi, C. S., Raghib Raza, D. Mitra, A. C. Pandey, and D. C. Jhariya. "Groundwater Potential Zone Delineation in Hard Rock Terrain for Sustainable Groundwater Development and Management in South Madhya Pradesh, India." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-195.
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In view of the vital significance of water resources and issues emerging from their temporal and spatial distribution and utilization posing serious problems to the land resources and to the society United Nations has identified sustainable management of water resources (SDG 6) as one of the seventeen major Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this perspective, the purpose of the study is to identify the groundwater potential zones in the hard rock terrain of Betul-Chhindwara Region, Madhya Pradesh, India, using AHP technique. The study area comprises the sub-watersheds of Tawa river (Narmada basin), Tapi river (Tapi basin), Kanhan and Pench rivers (Godavari basin). Various thematic layers such as geomorphology, geology, physiography, rainfall, soil, slope, lineament, drainage density, groundwater depth, and land use/ land cover were developed. The analytical hierarchy process helps to delineate groundwater prospect zones, which are categorized into five classes, i.e. very poor, poor, moderate, good, and very good based on objective, criteria, and preference. The good, moderate, and poor groundwater potential zones cover 4815 sq. km., 6423 sq. km, and 4857 sq. km, respectively, comprising 22.46%, 29.96%, and 22.65% of the entire region under study. The result indicates that 15.22% of the area comprising 3262.10 sq. km have very good groundwater potential whereas 9.71% (2080 sq. km) has very poor groundwater potential. The obtained result has been verified through field check based on the yield data collected from 16 bore wells in the study area. The accuracy of the results was 75% that proves the efficiency of the adopted techniques. Thus, this study will be efficient for the sustainable development and management of groundwater in the study area.
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Vyas, Raju, and Colin Stevenson. "Review and analysis of human and Mugger Crocodile conflict in Gujarat, India from 1960 to 2013." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2017): 11016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3790.9.12.11016-11024.
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Human-Crocodile conflict (HCC) occurs to varying degrees around the World, and with a number of crocodilian species (CrocBITE 2013). The Mugger or Marsh Crocodile Crocodylus palustris found in Gujarat State is the crocodilian species responsible for conflict with local people. This paper is a compilation of HCC occurring in various parts of Gujarat from 1960 to 2013. A total of 64 crocodile attacks were recorded: 44 (24 fatal & 20 non-fatal) on males, and 20 (9 fatal & 11 non-fatal) on females. By region 52 HCC were recorded in central Gujarat; five in Saurashtra, four in the northern region and three in Kutch; no crocodile attacks were recorded in southern Gujarat. Of the two major river systems in central Gujarat, 41 attacks occurred within the Vishwamitri-Dhadhar River System and 11 in the Narmada system. Most crocodile attacks happened between the months of April and September, peaking in May with 14 attacks. These months are the peak breeding season for the species in Gujarat. The most obvious contributors to HCC are lack of basic facilities in rural areas, poverty, illiteracy and the presence of adult animals close to human settlements and activities. Other contributing factors are lack of preventive measures by the forest department, absence of protocols for mugger crocodile rescue, and haphazard release of problematic animals.
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Gupta, Raj, Nirmal Kumar, SK Singh, Rabi N. Sahoo, and IP Abrol. "Resource Management Domains of Kharif and Rabi Season Fallows in Central Plateau Region of India: A Strategy for Accelerated Agricultural Development." Journal of Agronomy Research 2, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-19-2590.
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Over last few decades, acreage of total fallow lands (Kharif and Rabi seasons) in India has remained almost unchanged around 25Mha. The acreage of Kharif (summer) and Rabi (winter) Fallows in Madhya Pradesh (MP) are 1.98Mha and 5.51Mha, respectively. In the semi-arid agroclimatic zones of the states, Fallow-Wheat/Gram/Indian-Mustard cropping systems are practiced. After harvest of Kharif rice, kodo-kutki, maize or sorghum, farmers generally practice post-rainy season Rabi fallows in the sub-humid regions, south of Narmada River. Kharif fallowing is largely the result of the inability of the farmers to make planting dates independent of monsoon forecasts, and make efficient use of rain water. It appears that factors responsible for Kharif and Rabi fallows are distinctly different and a general consequence of distinctly different soil moisture regimes prevailing in the two crop seasons. Kharif and Rabi fallows have two distinct resource management domains. Whereas, Kharif fallows can be tackled with “PMP-dry seeding” agronomy, production constraints of Rabi fallows can be substantively tackled by shifting from tilled to zero-till agriculture with residue management to make efficient use of the conserved rain water. Some irrigation support will prove useful to tackle mid-season droughts in both situations. Conservation agricultural practices can significantly improve and stabilize crop yields in black soils and other associated soils of in the semi-arid tropics region of the Central India.
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Singh, S. B., R. K. Choudhary, and A. Siddiqui. "Over dosing trend of insecticides for sucking pest management in cotton in west Madhya Pradesh." Environment Conservation Journal 14, no. 3 (December 21, 2013): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.14311.
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The study was undertaken during 2011 and 2012 in five tehsils of Nimar region (West Madhya Pradesh) around the Narmada river, namely-Sanawad, Badwani, Khargone, Maheshwar and Dhamnod to know the over dosing trend and adverse effect of insecticides against sucking insect pest of cotton. In each location ten farms of different categories were selected based on acre age as F-1(up to 02 acres), F-2 (up to 04 acres), F-3 (up to 06 acres), F-4 (up to 08 acres), F-5 (up to 10 acres), F-6 (up to 12 acres), F-7 (up to 14 acres), F-8 (up to 16 acres), F-9 (up to 18 acres) and F-10 (More than 18 acres). All the information about insecticidal applications was received through discussion with farmers. The received information by each farmer of same category of ten locations about applied dose of insecticides and per cent reduction in insect population in each spray was averaged. The averaged data about insecticidal dose was converted into per cent increase over recommended dose of each insecticide and tabulated. The higher dose of acetamiprid 20 SP imidacloprid 17.8 SL, thiamethoxam 25WG, monocrotophos 36 SL, thiacloprid 21.7 SC and diafenthiuron 50WP was 36.01,45.89%, 64.61%, 72.10%, 79.24% and 85.60% in first, second, third, fourth, fifth and last spray, respectively. The reduction in insect pests population was found 55.40-72.40%, 52.50-60.50% , 51.25-58.25% 57.20-66.65% 50.75-63.25% and 55.40-68.25%% in first, second, third, fourth, fifth and last spray, respectively and overall averaged as 57.76-62.22%. From all the observations it was concluded that the application of higher dose of any insecticide did not reduce the sucking pest population much more than the recommended dose.
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Tripathy, Biplab, and Tanmoy Mondal. "Socioeconomic Challenges faced by Basin’s People in India." Think India 22, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8730.
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India is a subcontinent, there huge no of people lived in river basin area. In India there more or less 80% of people directly or indirectly depend on River. Ganga, Brahamputra in North and North East and Mahanadi, Govabori, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmoda, Tapti, Mahi in South are the major river basin in India. There each year due to flood and high tide lots of people are suffered in river basin region in India. These problems destroy the socio economic peace and hope of the people in river basin. There peoples are continuously suffered by lots of difficulties in sort or in long term basis. Few basin regions are always in high alert at the time of monsoon seasons. Sometime due to over migration from basin area, it becomes empty and creates an ultimate loss of resources in India and causes a dis-balance situation in this area.
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Deshpande, R. D., and S. K. Gupta. "Groundwater helium: An indicator of active tectonic regions along Narmada River, central India." Chemical Geology 344 (April 2013): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.02.020.
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Gupta, Deepak, Reetika Shukla, Mahesh Prashad Barya, Gurudatta Singh, and Virendra Kumar Mishra. "Water quality assessment of Narmada River along the different topographical regions of the central India." Water Science 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2020.1839345.
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Horan, Robyn, Nathan J. Rickards, Alexandra Kaelin, Helen E. Baron, Thomas Thomas, Virginie D. J. Keller, Prabhas K. Mishra, et al. "Extending a Large-Scale Model to Better Represent Water Resources without Increasing the Model’s Complexity." Water 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213067.
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The increasing impact of anthropogenic interference on river basins has facilitated the development of the representation of human influences in large-scale models. The representation of groundwater and large reservoirs have realised significant developments recently. Groundwater and reservoir representation in the Global Water Availability Assessment (GWAVA) model have been improved, critically, with a minimal increase in model complexity and data input requirements, in keeping with the model’s applicability to regions with low-data availability. The increased functionality was assessed in two highly anthropogenically influenced basins. A revised groundwater routine was incorporated into GWAVA, which is fundamentally driven by three input parameters, and improved the simulation of streamflow and baseflow in the headwater catchments such that low-flow model skill increased 33–67% in the Cauvery and 66–100% in the Narmada. The existing reservoir routine was extended and improved the simulation of streamflow in catchments downstream of major reservoirs, using two calibratable parameters. The model performance was improved between 15% and 30% in the Cauvery and 7–30% in the Narmada, with the daily reservoir releases in the Cauvery improving significantly between 26% and 164%. The improvement of the groundwater and reservoir routines in GWAVA proved successful in improving the model performance, and the inclusions allowed for improved traceability of simulated water balance components. This study illustrates that improvement in the representation of human–water interactions in large-scale models is possible, without excessively increasing the model complexity and input data requirements.
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Kale, Vishwas S. "Fluvial geomorphology of Indian rivers: an overview." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 26, no. 3 (September 2002): 400–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133302pp343ra.
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The rivers of India reveal certain special characteristics because they undergo large seasonal fluctuations in flow and sediment load. The rivers are adjusted to an array of discharges, and most rivers exhibit morphologies that are related to high-magnitude floods. In the last 100 years primarily hydraulic engineers have contributed to the understanding of the fluvial forms and processes. Though this trend has continued even today, in recent decades some interesting fluvial research has also been carried out by earth scientists. Four large rivers, namely Brahmaputra, Kosi, Indus and Narmada, have received greater attention from fluvial geomorphologists. The major themes in Indian fluvial geomorphology include the hydrology of monsoonal rivers; forms and processes in alluvial channels; causes of avulsion, channel migration; and anomalous variations in channel patterns; dynamics of suspended sediment; and the geomorphic impacts of floods. Studies of bedrock channels are far less than similar studies in alluvial channels. Only a few rivers have been investigated in this respect. Studies indicate that the Himalayan rivers are different in many respects from those of the Indian Peninsula. The former occupy a highly dynamic environment with extreme variability in discharge and sediment load. Earthquakes and landslides also have a great impact on these rivers from time to time. Consequently, the rivers are characterized by frequent changes in shape, size, position and planform. In comparison, the adjustments in Peninsular rivers are less frequent and of a much smaller magnitude. An inescapable conclusion is that in the tropical monsoonal environment, large floods are important geomorphic agents that temporarily affect the forms and behavioural characteristics of some rivers, but leave a lasting effect on others. In magnitude-frequency terms, large floods are major formative events in many rivers of the Indian region in general and the Indian Peninsula in particular.
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Om Prakash and Ashok Ahirwar. "Death Rites in Kol Tribe." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2021.v06.i12.017.
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Death is the ultimate ultimate truth of life, one who has come in this world has to go one day or the other. Like other communities of Baghelkhand region, people of Kol tribe also perform death rites, but some specialties still exist in the traditional way. Kol Jana believes that death happens to the body, the soul is immortal. According to the tradition, salvation can be achieved only after performing the funeral rites, that is why the ashes (flowers) are immersed in holy rivers like Ganga or Narmada. Food, water is arranged for the dead soul and water is kept in a pitcher in the Peepal tree. Sutak is considered in the family for ten days. The person who donates fire always carries iron so that the phantom souls cannot do any wrong. On the tenth day, the dead soul is bid farewell by law, after which they become ancestors and they are recognized as God. As the case may be, household items are donated and food is provided to the family and relatives.
Abstract in Hindi Language
मृत्यु जीवन का अंतिम परम सत्य है इस संसार में जो आया है उसे एक न एक दिन जाना है। बघेलखण्ड क्षेत्र के अन्य समुदायों की भांति कोल जनजाति के लोग भी मृत्यु संस्कार सम्पन्न करते है किन्तु कुछ विशिष्टताएँ आज भी पारम्परिक रूप से विद्यमान है। कोल जन की मान्यता है कि मृत्यु शरीर की होती है आत्मा अमर है। जीव का परम्परानुसार अंत्येष्टि संस्कार करने के बाद ही मुक्ति मिल सकती है इसीलिए गंगा या नर्मदा जैसी पवित्र नदियों में अस्थि (फूल) विसर्जित किया जाता है। मृत आत्मा के लिए भोजन, पानी की व्यवस्था की जाती है तथा पीपल के वृक्ष में घड़े में जल भर कर रखा जाता है। दस दिन तक परिवार में सूतक माना जाता है। अग्निदान करने वाला व्यक्ति सदैव लोहा लिए रहता है जिससे प्रेत आत्मा किसी प्रकार का अनिष्ठ न कर सकें। दसवें दिन विधि विधान से मृत आत्मा की विदाई की जाती है इसके बाद वह पितर हो जाते हैं और उनको देवतुल्य मान्यता प्राप्त होती है। यथास्थिति गृहस्थी की वस्तुएँ दान दी जाती हैं और परिवार तथा सगे सम्बन्धियों को भोजन कराया जाता है।
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Singh, Vivek. "Spatial distribution of Palaeolithic sites in relation to raw material sources in the central Narmada Valley, India." Geological Society, London, Special Publications, April 12, 2021, SP515–2020–199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp515-2020-199.
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AbstractLandscape adaptation in central India is quite exceptional, as more than 300 Lower Palaeolithic occurrences have been reported in different contexts. The present work deals with these assemblages and associated raw material sources in the central Narmada Valley. The central Narmada Valley is rich in various rock types that were used as raw material by various hominin populations. The Narmada River divides the region into northern and southern parts. In the north, there are mainly the Vindhyan Supergroup and Deccan Trap, whereas, in the south, there are primarily the Gondwana Supergroup, the Deccan Traps and the Mahakoshal Group. Along the river, there are exposures of the Vindhyan Supergroup and thick deposits of Quaternary alluvium. The main raw material types in the north of Narmada are quartzite and sandstone (Vindhyan Supergroup), whereas, in the south of Narmada, the main raw materials are quartzite (Gondwana Supergroup) and chert (Deccan Trap). Acheulean sites are mostly found along the foothills of Vindhyan, as well as along the banks of the Narmada River and its tributaries. In this chapter, the author has tried to link these raw material sources with the occurrences of Palaeolithic sites in order to have a better understanding of past hominin land-use patterns and ecological adaptations.
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Kansara, Prakrut, and Venkataraman Lakshmi. "Application of Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model in Analyzing Nitrogen Transport Inside the Narmada River Basin." Frontiers in Water 3 (December 13, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.765957.
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The Narmada River is one of the largest rivers in Western India encompassing a watershed area of 92,672 km2. It is one of the most important rivers for water needs of the state of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh. The climate of the basin is humid and tropical but region surrounding this river watershed is predominantly dry and resembles semi-arid conditions. The population inside the states covering this watershed increased by an average of 23% from 1991 to 2011 causing multitude of water scarcity and water quality deterioration issues. These problems were caused by increase in sewage waste and untreated industrial discharge dumped into the river stream along with chemical fertilizers washing off from the farmlands flowing into the river. While there are several studies that model the watershed hydrology and water balance components, there has been no study that analyses the transport of nutrients inside the watershed. This study aims at using a semi-distributed hydrological model—Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model the nitrogen (NO2 + NO3) transport and distribution inside the basin for 2001–2019. Nutrients and discharge data from Central Water Commission (CWC) of India were used to build this model along with other required input forcing obtained through remotely sensed datasets. We found that the subbasins near boundary of the Narmada watershed are experiencing significant increase in nitrogen concentrations at an estimated rate of 0.0001–0.002 mg/L/yr. The potential reason for such increase is high rate of conversion of forested land to agricultural land causing usage of fertilizers that are rich in nitrogen.
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Pardiwalla, Yezad. "Scratching the surface(s): examining the complexity of geological contexts for the Palaeolithic of the Sonar Basin, Madhya Pradesh." Geological Society, London, Special Publications, December 10, 2021, SP515–2020–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp515-2020-234.
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AbstractThe Sonar River Valley is centrally located in Madhya Pradesh, flanked by rich Palaeolithic and fossiliferous localities in the Son and Narmada valleys and has historically been overlooked in favour of the latter rivers, which tend to preserve well-stratified Quaternary formations along varying portions of their length. Here an attempt is made to look at the Sonar Basin through a broader lens, examining the various landforms found in the district of Damoh through which the Sonar flows before joining the Ken. The objective of this paper is threefold: to bring together the geomorphology of the area both in association with and as a result of fluvial action but also as a product of other geomorphic processes; to understand the consequences these processes have for the visibility of the prehistoric archaeological record within the region; and to look at this geoarchaeological relationship in the wider context of some of the major river basins in Madhya Pradesh, notably the Son and Narmada. Secondary sources on geology and geoarchaeology have been integrated with preliminary fieldwork in Districts Damoh and Narsinghpur, and to a smaller extent in Sagar, Chhatarpur and Panna. This work demonstrates the complexity of the South Asian Palaeolithic record that stretches beyond fluvial contexts, in turn helping to spatially expand our understanding of hominin behaviour beyond narrow riverine corridors.
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Lal, Ravish, Toshabanta Padhan, Bharti Jangra, Parth R. Chauhan, Shivam Sahu, and Rajeev Patnaik. "New Field Observations on the Quaternary Geology and Vertebrate Paleontological Occurrences in the Narsinghpur Region of Narmada Valley (Central India)." Geological Society, London, Special Publications, June 16, 2022, SP515–2020–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp515-2020-243.
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AbstractSince the beginning of 19th century, the Narmada River Valley is well known for discoveries of abundant vertebrate fossil localities, wide range of prehistoric archaeological assemblages and the first-known hominin fossil site in India at Hathnora. The fossil and archaeological remains are found in various sedimentary contexts: boulder conglomerate, pebble rich sand, cross-bedded, coarse-to-fine sand and reddish-brown clay in the Early to Late Pleistocene deposits. Our preliminary field investigations in the Narsinghpur region of the basin mark the presence of 26 individual localities within a stretch of 70 km of the Narmada River and adjoining tributaries. Each location was documented by GPS and the geological details were recorded while collecting the fossils. Past and current paleontological research has revealed that a variety of fauna adapted to sub-humid climate of both aquatic and terrestrial landscapes thrived in this area during the Pleistocene period. One of our long-term goals is to understand the reasons for the high amount of palaeontological occurrences compared to other parts of India and use such information of predict the locations of new occurrences including hominin fossils. Various taphonomic processes in this region are responsible for the preservation and destruction of fossil assemblages in different geological formations: soil type, climatic conditions, rich calcium carbonate presence, encrustation, patination and modern anthropogenic activities (among others).Most of the fossil localities are found at elevation range of 310-350 meter AMSL. The Narmada Basin was inhabited by prehistoric human populations and a variety of fauna as evidenced by the ample lithic and fossil assemblages across the region. There are definitive contextual patterns of occurrences of the Quaternary vertebrate fossils and archeological assemblages in the landscape which require detailed investigations and mapping to understand the spatial distribution pattern and nature of associated sedimentary environments. In addition, this uniquely fossil-rich area requires proper protection and long-term preservation as it is heavily impacted by modern anthropogenic factors such as agriculture, sand mining and other activities.
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"Development of Regional Flood Frequency Relationship for Narmada Basin using Index Flood Procedure." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (October 10, 2019): 2744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l2560.1081219.
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Water Resources decision making problems such as flood plain zoning, design of hydraulic structures etc. are based on design flood estimate, defined as discharge for a specified probability of exceedance. Flood Frequency Analysis helps to estimate the flood value for a specific return period. This procedure requires sufficient length of observed data of floods on river gauging sites which many a time is not available. In India major rivers have very few gauging sites and their tributaries are mostly ungauged. When quantiles have to be estimated for ungauged sites, Flood Frequency Analysis is neither possible nor reliable. Regional Flood Frequency Analysis is the means to overcome such problems, reasonably quantifying flood estimates at desired frequencies for sites within a more or less hydrological homogeneous region. Narmada Basin located in central India covers an area about 98,976 sq. km, drained by a large number of tributaries, most of which are ungauged, has been considered as the case. Index Flood method utilizing Gumbel’s EV-1 distribution have been used in the present study to develop the Regional flood frequency relationship. The Annual Peak Flood data of 16 gauging sites of Narmada Basin, having record length of 12 to 17 years, is utilized for flood estimation. Flood frequency curves for the considered gauging stations are generated. Development of regional flood frequency relationship leads to the estimation of different return period flood.
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Sukumaran, Prabhin, Dhananjay A. Sant, K. Krishnan, Govindan Rangarajan, Nathani Basavaiah, and Jean-Luc Schwenninger. "Multi-Proxy Records of Late Holocene Flood Events From the Lower Reaches of the Narmada River, Western India." Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (April 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.634354.
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Analyses of a fluvial sedimentary sequence from the lower reaches of the Narmada River establish a record of rhythmic cycles of sediment facies that represent floods during the late Holocene. The south-west Indian monsoon strongly influences the study area, and heavy rainfall or cyclones which originate from either the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea, also affect the region. Optically stimulated luminescence dating places the 8 m thick sediment sequence in the climate transition phase which ranges from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age. Multi-proxy analyses including high-resolution granulometry, magnetic susceptibility, ferromagnetic mineral concentration, facies major oxide geochemistry, and micro-fossil records (from two sedimentary units) are used to study these late Holocene flood events. The latter are characterised by multiple sediment facies, depositional events, changes in channel morphology, and distinctive flood signatures. Integration of these records enables to identify two distinct aggradations viz. phase I and phase II, as well as a relative change in channel morphology. The study describes 11 flooding events and their imprints over multi-proxy records. Historic documents and instrumental records from the town of Bharuch referring to floods, movement of channel sand, channel shallowing, and the dysfunction of the ancient port of Bharuch further validate the inferences drawn from the sedimentary sequence. The study exemplifies the need to use high resolution and multi-proxy studies to interpret paleoflood records and climate signatures in order to build archives of monsoonal rivers.
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KOHDRATA, NANIEK, NI WAYAN FEBRIANA UTAMI, and COKORDA GEDE ALIT SEMARAJAYA. "Menapaki Jejak Lansekap Budaya Sekitar DAS Oos Jinah." Jurnal Arsitektur Lansekap, October 1, 2016, 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jal.2016.v02.i02.p05.
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ABSTRACTTracing the Cultural Landscape around Oos Jinah WatershedThe research aims to identify the potential of Bali cultural landscape that have conservation values. It is located in Oos Jinah River Basin region for the first year of the study. Descriptive qualitative method is used to capture the cultural landscape spectrum that is relatively complex. Analysis of the landscape potentials use Kozlowski (2011) landscape category appraiser which includes Shape, Structure, Function, Value, Evolution, and Origins. Cultural landscape potentials recorded include the Kusamba traditional salt-making process. It has unique salt crystals harvesting technique, compare to method use in Madura island. Kamasan paintings style stores a process of cultural transformation in its production process. Semarapura town has buildings that leave traces of architecture that can show the development of the city. Temple compound of Pura Taman Sari, Pura Penataran Agung, and Pura Dalem Segening refers to the history of Klungkung kingdom. Garden of Puta Taman Narmada Bali Raja in Tamanbali - Bangli, relates to the history and descendants of Tirta Harum Tamanbali, and the Klungkung kingdom as well. The potential of the cultural landscapes and the intangible heritage objects in Klungkung and Bangli show the diversity and uniqueness that benefit men’s life.
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Quang, Dinh Minh, Tran Thanh Lam, and Nguyen Thi Kieu Tien. "The Relative Gut Length and Gastro-somaticindexes of the Mudskipper Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Hamilton, 1822) from the HauRiver." VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 34, no. 3 (September 24, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4775.
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This study provided an understanding of feeding habit and intensity of the mudskipper Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, which was a potential aquarium pet, by analyzing the relative gut length (RGL) andgastro-somatic (GaSI) indexes. Fish specimens were caught by fishing rods from the estuary in Soc Trang province to the upstream in An Giang province of Hau River during a period of one year from August 2017 to July 2018. Data analysis of a collection of 1,504 fishes showed that RGL did not change with fish size, resulting in the feeding habit of P. septemradiatus did not change with fish size. By contrast, the feeding habit of this mudskipper varied with place, month and season as the RGL significantly different between place, month and season, but both males and females fall into carnivorous fish as RGL was <1. Similarly, the feeding intensity of this specice did not change with fish size, as the GaSI was not significantly different among four fish size groups. Meanwhile, the mudskipper displayed spatial, temporal and seasonal variations in feeding intensity since GaSI significantly changed with place, month and season. The changes of feeding habit and intensity of P. Septemradiatus were not regulated by the interaction of fish size and place, fish size and season, and place and season. These results provided new knowledge on feeding habit and intensity of this fish specice, being used for the understanding of fish adaption and conservation in the study region.
Keywords
Gastro-somatic index, mudskipper, Periophthalmodon septemradiatus, relative gut length
References
[1] Murdy, E. O. & Jaafar, Z., Taxonomy and systematics review, In: Z. Jaafar, E. O. Murdy (eds) Fishes out of water: biology and ecology of mudskippers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 1-36, 2017 [2] Murdy, E. O., A taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae, Oxudercinae), Australian Museum Journal, 11 (1989) 93.[3] Murdy, E., Systematics of Oxudercinae, In: R. A. Patzner, J. L. V. Tassell, M. Kovacic, B. G. Kapoor (eds) The biology of gobies, Science Publishers, New Hampshire, United States, pp. 99-106, 2011 [4] Bhatt, N. Y., Patel, S. J., Patel, D. A. & Patel, H. P., Burrowing activities of goby fish in the recent intertidal mud flats along the Navinal coast, Kachchh, Western India, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 74 (2009) 515-530.[5] Al-Hussaini, A. H., On the functional morphology of the alimentary tract of some fish in relation to differences in their feeding habits: anatomy and histology, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 3 (1949) 109-139.[6] Desai, V. R., Studies on fishery and biology of Tor tor (Hamilton) from river Narmada. I. Food and feeding habits, Journal of the Inland Fisheries Society of India, 2 (1970) 101-112.[7] Le, T., Nguyen, M. T., Nguyen, V. P., Nguyen, D. C., Pham, X. H., Nguyen, T. S., Hoang, V. C., Hoang, P. L., Le, H. & Dao, N. C., Provinces and City in the Mekong Delta, Education Publishing House, Ha Noi, 2006.[8] Khaironizam, M. Z. & Norma-Rashid, Y., First record of the mudskipper, Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (Hamilton) (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51 (2003) 97-100.[9] Wand, M. P., Data-based choice of histogram bin width, The American Statistician, 51 (1997) 59-64.[10] Vo, T. T. & Tran, D. D., Study on nutritional characteristics of Oxyeleotris urophthalmus fish distributed along the Hau River, Can Tho University Journal of Science, Fishery (2014) 192-197.[11] Dinh, Q. M., Nguyen, D. T. & Danh, S., Food and feeding habits of the broadheah sleeper Eleotris melanosoma from coastline in Soc Trang, Proceedings of the 7th National Scientific Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources, Publishing house for Science and Technology, 1873-1879, 2017.[12] Tran, D. D., Some aspects of biology and population dynamics of the goby Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier, 1816) in the Mekong Delta, PhD thesis, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 2008.[13] Dinh, Q. M., Qin, J. G., Dittmann, S. & Tran, D. D., Seasonal variation of food and feeding in burrowing goby Parapocryptes serperaster (Gobiidae) at different body sizes, Ichthyological Research, 64 (2017) 179-189.[14] Dinh, Q. M. & Tran, M. T. D., Digestive tract morphology, food and feeding habits of the goby Stigmatogobius pleurostigma (Bleeker, 1849) from the Coastline in Soc Trang, VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology, 34 (2018) 46-55.
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Rajesh Sonkusare. "SIMILARITIES BETWEEN EMPEROR CHANDRAGUPTA II (VIKRAMADITYA) AND EMPEROR JALALUDDIN MUHAMMAD AKBAR." EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), June 18, 2021, 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36713/epra7289.
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In the history of a great country like India, there have been many rulers since ancient times who ruled different regions of India at different times. But few of these rulers are called great rulers. Maurya ruler Chandragupta Maurya and Emperor Ashoka, Gupta ruler Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya), Vardhana ruler Harshavardhana, Kushan emperor Kanishka, Satavahana ruler Gautamiputra Satkarni, Chalukya ruler Pulakeshi II, Chola rulers Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola, Rashtrakuta ruler Amoghvarsh, Pratihar ruler Mihira bhoja, Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar are named. Among these great rulers of India were two rulers whose lives and work were very similar. The rulers were the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) and the Mughal emperor Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar. The similarity between Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) and Jalaluddin Mohammad Akbar is that the grandfather of both the rulers was the real founder of their kingdom. Both the rulers came to power through struggle (war). Both the rulers were tolerant rulers. The empire of the two rulers extended from present day Pakistan in the north to the mouth of the river Narmada in the south and from the mouth of the river Ganga in the east to the mouth of the river Indus in the west. Art, architecture, etc. developed during the reign of both the rulers. Due to the excellent administrative system of both the rulers, their empire remained stable for many generations to come. The main similarity between the two rulers is that in the history of India, only this two rulars have the Navratna in their court.
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Chandna, Priyanka. "DIVERSITY AND RESIDENTIAL STATUS OF WADER BIRDS AT HODAL IN PALWAL DISTRICT, IN HARYANA, INDIA." INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, September 1, 2021, 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/2315406.
Full textAbstract:
Waders belonging to order Charadriiformes are commonly found along shorelines and mudats that wade in order to forage for food (such as insects or crustaceans) in the mud or sand. Bogs, marshes, mudats, shorelines, ponds, and ooded areas are all popular habitats for wading birds. The waders include storks, spoonbills, cranes, herons, egrets and ibises. They have certain physical and behavioural adaptations for living on or near water. Wading birds depend on water as a source of food, shelter, and nesting sites. Wading birds wade into shallow water to obtain food, instead of swimming and diving in water in search of feed that is not found on land. If we study the morphology of wading birds, they have lots of characteristics and adaptations that are useful in a watery habitat. Long legs of the wading birds help them to keep their feathers high and dry when wading into water in search of food. A long neck and a long bill are adaptations that make it possible to strike at prey while walking around on long legs. The benets of wading bird′s long, thin, spread-out toes are three-fold: toes help them to keep their balance and also help them to walk in mud without sinking. While walking in water and mushy mud, thin toes are easier to lift and set down. Spread-out toes also prevent them from sinking into soft mud in the water and at the water's edge, and above all those toes also disperse the weight of these big, tall birds, helping them keep their balance over their long legs. Waders are ecologically dependent on wetlands, as they provide good habitat to them for feeding, roosting, breeding, nesting, pre-migratory requirements, migration and protection from predators. So, wet lands plays an important part in the life cycle of wading birds. Wetlands have got highest capacity and are often extremely rich in bird and animal life. The present study aims at the assessment of diversity and residential status of wading birds in Yamuna basin near Hodal in Palwal District. It is located at 27°53′39″N and 77°22′09″E having an average elevation of 190 meters. Many ornithologists pay lots of their attention on eld study of birds during the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth century and till today many more are involved in the study of avian diversity near rivers. Avian fauna of Kalesar forests in immediate vicinity of River Yamuna in Yamuna-nagar District has been analysed by Kalsi (1998). Kulkarni et al.(2011) reported 151 species of birds from river Godavari; Balapureet al. (2012) reported 63 avian species from river Narmada. Other workers like Bahuguna(2008), Taketal.(2010), Gupta & Kaushik (2011), Gupta et.al(2012), Anupma et al (2014), Ankita et al (2019) have studied wetlands birds in various regions along the banks of rivers.
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Chandna, Priyanka. "DIVERSITY AND RESIDENTIAL STATUS OF WADER BIRDS AT HODAL IN PALWAL DISTRICT, IN HARYANA, INDIA." INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, September 1, 2021, 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/2315406.
Full textAbstract:
Waders belonging to order Charadriiformes are commonly found along shorelines and mudats that wade in order to forage for food (such as insects or crustaceans) in the mud or sand. Bogs, marshes, mudats, shorelines, ponds, and ooded areas are all popular habitats for wading birds. The waders include storks, spoonbills, cranes, herons, egrets and ibises. They have certain physical and behavioural adaptations for living on or near water. Wading birds depend on water as a source of food, shelter, and nesting sites. Wading birds wade into shallow water to obtain food, instead of swimming and diving in water in search of feed that is not found on land. If we study the morphology of wading birds, they have lots of characteristics and adaptations that are useful in a watery habitat. Long legs of the wading birds help them to keep their feathers high and dry when wading into water in search of food. A long neck and a long bill are adaptations that make it possible to strike at prey while walking around on long legs. The benets of wading bird′s long, thin, spread-out toes are three-fold: toes help them to keep their balance and also help them to walk in mud without sinking. While walking in water and mushy mud, thin toes are easier to lift and set down. Spread-out toes also prevent them from sinking into soft mud in the water and at the water's edge, and above all those toes also disperse the weight of these big, tall birds, helping them keep their balance over their long legs. Waders are ecologically dependent on wetlands, as they provide good habitat to them for feeding, roosting, breeding, nesting, pre-migratory requirements, migration and protection from predators. So, wet lands plays an important part in the life cycle of wading birds. Wetlands have got highest capacity and are often extremely rich in bird and animal life. The present study aims at the assessment of diversity and residential status of wading birds in Yamuna basin near Hodal in Palwal District. It is located at 27°53′39″N and 77°22′09″E having an average elevation of 190 meters. Many ornithologists pay lots of their attention on eld study of birds during the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth century and till today many more are involved in the study of avian diversity near rivers. Avian fauna of Kalesar forests in immediate vicinity of River Yamuna in Yamuna-nagar District has been analysed by Kalsi (1998). Kulkarni et al.(2011) reported 151 species of birds from river Godavari; Balapureet al. (2012) reported 63 avian species from river Narmada. Other workers like Bahuguna(2008), Taketal.(2010), Gupta & Kaushik (2011), Gupta et.al(2012), Anupma et al (2014), Ankita et al (2019) have studied wetlands birds in various regions along the banks of rivers.
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Lotliker, Aneesh Anandrao, Sanjiba Kumar Baliarsingh, R. Venkat Shesu, Alakes Samanta, R. Chandrasekhar Naik, and T. M. Balakrishnan Nair. "Did the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdown Phase Influence Coastal Water Quality Parameters off Major Indian Cities and River Basins?" Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (April 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.648166.
Full textAbstract:
The end of the current decade experienced an outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] that spread across the globe within a short span of time and was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. In order to contain the spread of COVID-19, the Indian Government imposed lockdown in various phases, namely, the strict lockdown period (SLP) and relaxed lockdown period (RLP). The present study addresses changes in the magnitude of satellite-derived water quality parameters in the coastal waters off major Indian cities (Mumbai and Chennai) and river basins (Narmada, Mandovi-Zuari, Netravathi, Periyar, Kaveri, Krishna-Godavari, Mahanadi, and Hooghly) along the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) and western Bay of Bengal (WBoB) during SLP and RLP. The daily climatology (2003–2019) and anomaly (2020) of different water quality parameters, viz., chlorophyll-a (chl-a), downwelling diffused attenuation coefficient (kd490), and particulate organic carbon (POC) were used in the present study to eliminate seasonal biases and to unravel the signature of lockdown-induced changes in the magnitude of the above water quality parameters. During the total lockdown period, the magnitude of the above parameters reduced significantly in the coastal waters of both the EAS and the WBoB. However, this reduction was more significant in the coastal waters of the WBoB, attributed to a reduction in the supply of anthropogenic nutrients. Among different studied locations, the magnitude of water quality parameters significantly decreased off Chennai and Hooghly, during SLP, which subsequently increased during RLP probably due to reduction in anthropogenic material influx during SLP and increase during RLP. During RLP, the coastal waters off Mahanadi showed a maximum decrease in the magnitude of water quality parameters followed by Mandovi-Zuari, irrespective of these regions’ quantum of anthropogenic material input, possibly due to the higher response time of the ecosystem to reflect the reduction in anthropogenic perturbations. The satellite-retrieved water quality parameters have provided valuable insight to efficiently describe the changes in the health of the Indian coastal environment in terms of phytoplankton biomass and water clarity.