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Journal articles on the topic 'Narraganset'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Kreakie, Betty J., Kristopher Winiarski, and Richard McKinney. "Developing a wintering waterfowl community baseline for environmental monitoring of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island." F1000Research 4 (February 10, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6080.1.

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In 2004, the Atlantic Ecology Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development began an annual winter waterfowl survey of Rhode Island’s Narragansett Bay. Herein, we explore the survey data gathered from 2004 to 2011 in order to establish a benchmark understanding of the Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl communities and to establish a statistical framework for future environmental monitoring. Abundance and diversity of Narragansett Bay’s wintering waterfowl were relatively stable during the initial years of this survey, except in 2010 when there was a large spike in abundance and a reciprocal fall in diversity. There was no significant change in ranked abundance of most waterfowl species, with only Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) and Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucllatus) showing a slight yet significant upward trend during the course of our survey period. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to examine the community structure of wintering waterfowl in Narragansett Bay. The results of the Nonmetric multidimensional scaling indicate that there is a spatial structure to the waterfowl communities of Narragansett Bay and this structure has remained relatively stable since the survey began. Our Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis helps to solidify what is known anecdotally about Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl ecology, and provides a formalized benchmark for long-term monitoring of Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl communities. Birds, including waterfowl, are preferred bioindicators and we propose using our multivariate approach to monitor the future health of Narragansett Bay.

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2

Murphy, Michael Warren. "“No Beggars amongst Them”." Humanity & Society 42, no. 1 (September 20, 2016): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160597616664168.

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This article explores historical processes of land dispossession through an in-depth case of the Narragansett Indians of present-day Rhode Island. Using an eventful historical methodology, I uncover three primary mechanisms, each temporally situated, that dispossessed the Narragansett tribe of their land: violence, debt, and state governance. I proceed by first considering Narragansett life before the incursion of settler colonialism. Following this brief exploration, I turn to an analysis of both the historical events and processes that dispossessed the Narragansett of their land. This analysis contributes to the literature on empire and colonialism, as well as theoretical debates on primitive accumulation and settler colonialism, by exploring and identifying the mechanisms by which primitive accumulation operated within a specific settler-colonial context. In the end, I argue that sociology must expand analytically and conceptually to include indigenous experiences of ongoing dispossession in order to end the disciplines complicity in the elimination of the native.

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3

Waller, Joseph N. "Late Woodland Settlement and Subsistence in Southern New England Revisited: The Evidence from Coastal Rhode Island." North American Archaeologist 21, no. 2 (April 2000): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dgvh-cxyy-k3yf-rwjk.

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Archaeological investigations at Woodland sites in the Narragansett Bay drainage have aided in a refinement of Late Woodland settlement and subsistence models. Popular theory holds that intensive maize horticulture and the formation of tribal villages occurred relatively late in the prehistoric period or possibly were the result of European Contact. Archaeological investigations in coastal sections of Rhode Island indicate that village settlements and likely intensive maize horticulture were elements of Late Woodland settlement and subsistence behavior in and around Narragansett Bay and not Contact period phenomena.

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4

Strauss, Alan E. "Narragansett Basin Argillite: Lithology, Chronology, and Prehistoric Tool Manufacture." North American Archaeologist 10, no. 1 (July 1989): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/beba-n4up-c1r6-pvkg.

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This article examines the use of one low-grade raw material, Narragansett Basin argillite, by prehistoric peoples in southeastern New England. Petrographic sections analyzed by Dr. Dan Murray (Geologist, University of Rhode Island) have provided a detailed account of the lithology of this material. Rock formation processes and lithic sources are also discussed. Artifact analysis has provided data pertaining to the prehistoric periods when Narragansett Basin argillite was most often used by prehistoric populations in Rhode Island and southeastern Massachusetts. An examination of tool manufacturing techniques has brought to light striking similarities between argillite and quartz Small Stemmed points further supporting the hypothesis of an in situ development of the Small Stemmed Point tradition in New England.

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5

Scott III, Mack H. "Running for a Nation: The Remarkable Story of Ellison “Tarzan” Brown." Ethnohistory 67, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-8025286.

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Abstract On 20 April 1936, the Narragansett runner Ellison “Tarzan” Brown collapsed as he crossed the finish line winning the fortieth annual Boston Marathon. But for the runner and the indigenous community from which he hailed, the marathon meant much more than a race and victory and fame. Success in this renowned contest portended a pathway out of obscurity for a people who had, for more than fifty years, sought to proclaim the continuance of their collective indigenous identity in the wake of a forced detribalization by the state of Rhode Island. This article illuminates what Brown’s victory meant to and did for a small and mostly forgotten indigenous community. More specifically, it is about how Brown and other Narragansett parlayed the runner’s physical accomplishments into meaningful, community-wide social, economic, and political advancements.

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6

Auker, Linda A., and Candace A. Oviatt. "Factors influencing the recruitment and abundance of Didemnum in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 5 (January 31, 2008): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm196.

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Abstract Auker, L. A., and Oviatt, C. A. 2008. Factors influencing the recruitment and abundance of Didemnum in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 765–769. The non-indigenous colonial tunicate Didemnum sp. A has been observed in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, since 2000. We compared weekly recruitment of the species and environmental parameters (i.e. temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrient concentrations) over a 6-month period among three sites: (i) the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography dock (GSO), (ii) the Department of Environmental Management pier at Fort Wetherill (FW), and (iii) the Prudence Island T-wharf. At the GSO and FW, divers surveyed the sites for percentage cover of Didemnum. To assess the spread of Didemnum in the bay and what factors may predict the tunicate’s presence, we also surveyed intertidal sites in October and November 2005, noting Didemnum presence, salinity, number of boats and moorings, and distances to major ports at each site. GSO had the highest percentage cover of adults and the highest recruitment of the tunicate (p < 0.01), reaching average peak values of 319 individuals per 100 cm2 in September 2005. Temperature and salinity demonstrated the best correlation with recruitment, and higher boat and mooring numbers may be a reliable predictor of tunicate presence. Further monitoring is needed to assess the potential spread of Didemnum throughout Narragansett Bay.

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7

Carter, Matthew J., and Sharon Mosher. "Alleghanian deformation of Cambrian metasedimentary rocks on Avalonia in south-central Rhode Island, USA." Atlantic Geology 49 (June 16, 2013): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2013.003.

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Lower greenschist-facies metasedimentary rocks of the Middle Cambrian Conanicut Group occur in and around Beavertail State Park, Rhode Island. Detailed structural mapping (1:1000-scale) and petrology of these rocks indicate an early fold generation (F1) and axial planar metamorphic foliation (S1). F1 is folded by a more prominent, E-verging, NNE- to NNW-trending, non-coaxial fold generation (F2) and an associated pressure solution-enhanced crenulation cleavage (S2). A third map-scale fold generation is inferred from NNE-trending broad folding of F2 and S2. N-S extension resulted in boudins that deformed S2 on a scale of 1–10 m, whereas late planar quartz veins indicate NW-SE extension. All structures are cross cut by faults striking N- to NE- and ENE-to ESE that show dominantly normal motion with minor sinistral or dextral components. Kink bands associated with faulting trend NNE to ENE with WNW to NNW side up. The vertical Beaverhead shear zone juxtaposes the Cambrian rocks with Pennsylvanian rocks of the Narragansett Basin, and deflects S2 in a dextral sense, consistent with motion recorded elsewhere.The Cambrian rocks record the same deformation and metamorphism as the adjacent Narragansett Basin rocks. No evidence was found for pre-Alleghanian deformation or for northwest- or north-directed thrusting and accretion of a Meguma-like terrane during the Alleghanian orogeny. If the Beaverhead shear zone was a preexisting terrane boundary within Avalonia, both the Cambrian and Pennsylvanian Narragansett Basin sediments were deposited aﬅer terrane accretion.RÉSUMÉDes roches profondes métasédimentaires du faciès des schistes verts, que l’on retrouve dans le groupe Conanicut du Cambrien moyen, sont présentes dans le Beavertail State Park, au Rhode Island, et dans les environs. Une cartographie structurale détaillée (à l’échelle 1:1 000) et la pétrologie de ces roches indiquent la formation précoce d’un pli (F1) et une foliation métamorphique (S1) de plan axial. Le F1 est causé par la formation d’un pli (F2) non coaxial plus dominant, à vergence est et d’orientation NNE-NNO ainsi que par une schistosité de crénulation (S2) amplifiée en raison d’une dissolution par pression connexe. La formation d’un troisième pli à l’échelle cartographique est provoquée par un vaste plissement du F2 et de la S2 d’orientation NNE. Une extension N-S a produit des boudins qui déforment la S2 sur l’échelle de 1 à 10 m, tandis que des veines de quartz planes formées ultérieurement indiquent une extension NO-SE. Toutes les structures sont traversées par des failles orientées N-NE et ENE-ESE montrant un mouvement normal dominant accompagné de composantes senestres et dextres peu importantes. Les bandes froissées associées à ces failles sont orientées NNE-ENE et présentent une tangente verticale ONO-NNO. Dans la zone de cisaillement verticale de Beaverhead, les roches du Cambrien sont juxtaposées aux roches de la Pennsylvanie du bassin Narragansett, et la S2 dévie en un mouvement dextre, ce qui concorde avec le mouvement enregistré ailleurs.Les roches du Cambrien montrent la même déformation et le même métamorphisme que les roches du bassin Narragansett adjacent. On n’a trouvé aucune donnée appuyant la création d’une déformation avant l’orogenèse alléghanienne ni celle d’un chevauchement et d’une accrétion orientés vers le nord ou le nordouest d’un terrane semblable à la zone de Meguma lors de l’orogenèse alléghanienne. Si la zone de cisaillement verticale de Beaverhead constituait une limite de terrane qui existait avant l’orogenèse de l’Avalonien, les sédiments cambriens et pennsylvaniens du bassin Narragansett se sont déposés après l’accrétion du terrane.[Traduit par la redaction]

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8

Maranda, Lucie, and Yuzuru Shimizu. "Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning in Narragansett Bay." Estuaries 10, no. 4 (December 1987): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1351887.

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9

Kreakie, Betty J., Kristopher Winiarski, and Richard McKinney. "Developing a wintering waterfowl community baseline for environmental monitoring of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island." F1000Research 4 (September 24, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6080.2.

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In 2004, the Atlantic Ecology Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development began an annual winter waterfowl survey of Rhode Island’s Narragansett Bay. Herein, we explore the survey data gathered from 2004 to 2011 in order to establish a benchmark understanding of our waterfowl communities and to establish a statistical framework for future environmental monitoring. The abundance and diversity of wintering waterfowl were relatively stable during the initial years of this survey, except in 2010 when there was a large spike in abundance and a reciprocal fall in diversity. There was no significant change in ranked abundance of most waterfowl species, with only Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) and Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucllatus) showing a slight yet significant upward trend during the course of our survey period. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to examine the community structure of wintering waterfowl. The results of the NMDS indicate that there is a spatial structure to the waterfowl communities of Narragansett Bay and this structure has remained relatively stable since the survey began. Our NMDS analysis helps to solidify what is known anecdotally about the bay’s waterfowl ecology, and provides a formalized benchmark for long-term monitoring of Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl communities. Birds, including waterfowl, are preferred bioindicators and we propose using our multivariate approach to monitor the future health of the bay. While this research focuses on a specific area of New England, these methods can be easily applied to novel areas of concern and provide a straightforward nonparametric approach to community-level monitoring. The methods provide a statistic test to examine potential drivers of community turnover and well-suited visualization tools.

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10

Kreakie, Betty J., Kristopher Winiarski, and Richard McKinney. "Developing a wintering waterfowl community baseline for environmental monitoring of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island." F1000Research 4 (December 18, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6080.3.

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In 2004, the Atlantic Ecology Division of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development began an annual winter waterfowl survey of Rhode Island’s Narragansett Bay. Herein, we explore the survey data gathered from 2004 to 2011 in order to establish a benchmark understanding of our waterfowl communities and to establish a statistical framework for future environmental monitoring. The abundance and diversity of wintering waterfowl were relatively stable during the initial years of this survey, except in 2010 when there was a large spike in abundance and a reciprocal fall in diversity. There was no significant change in ranked abundance of most waterfowl species, with only Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) and Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucllatus) showing a slight yet significant upward trend during the course of our survey period. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was used to examine the community structure of wintering waterfowl. The results of the NMDS indicate that there is a spatial structure to the waterfowl communities of Narragansett Bay and this structure has remained relatively stable since the survey began. Our NMDS analysis helps to solidify what is known anecdotally about the bay’s waterfowl ecology, and provides a formalized benchmark for long-term monitoring of Narragansett Bay’s waterfowl communities. Birds, including waterfowl, are preferred bioindicators and we propose using our multivariate approach to monitor the future health of the bay. While this research focuses on a specific area of New England, these methods can be easily applied to novel areas of concern and provide a straightforward nonparametric approach to community-level monitoring. The methods provide a statistic test to examine potential drivers of community turnover and well-suited visualization tools.

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11

DeLong, Allison K., Jeremy S. Collie, Carol J. Meise, and J. Christopher Powell. "Estimating growth and mortality of juvenile winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, with a length-based model." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 2233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-162.

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This study quantifies the combined effects of density and environmental factors on young-of-the-year (YOY) winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. We used a length-based model to estimate growth and mortality rates from June to October each year from 1988 to 1998. In this model, mortality and growth rates are decreasing functions of length and there is variability in individual growth. Maximum-likelihood methods were used to fit the model to length-frequency data collected by the Rhode Island Division of Fish and Wildlife beach-seine survey in Narragansett Bay during the study years. The monthly mortality rate was density dependent and was positively related to temperature. Growth rate was negatively related to density. There was a significant decline in YOY winter flounder abundance during the period of study. The most recent year of the study, 1998, had the lowest density, lowest mortality, low summer temperature, and high growth rate. Thus, growth and mortality during the juvenile stage do not appear to be limiting the recovery of this depleted winter flounder population.

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12

Smith, Leslie M., Sandra Whitehouse, and Candace A. Oviatt. "Impacts of Climate Change on Narragansett Bay." Northeastern Naturalist 17, no. 1 (March 2010): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/045.017.0106.

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13

Walsh, Kenneth M. "Steve Schock and the Narragansett Bay Project." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 4 (October 2011): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3654357.

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14

Hartmann, Paul C., James G. Quinn, Robert W. Cairns, and John W. King. "Polychlorinated biphenyls in Narragansett Bay surface sediments." Chemosphere 57, no. 1 (October 2004): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.054.

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15

Eckersley, Brent. ""Narragansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island v. Narragansett Electric Company": When Dependent Indian Communities Fall within Indian Country." American Indian Law Review 21, no. 1 (1997): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20068820.

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16

Reck, Brian H., and Sharon Mosher. "Timing of Intrusion of the Narragansett Pier Granite Relative to Deformation in the Southwestern Narragansett Basin, Rhode Island." Journal of Geology 96, no. 6 (November 1988): 677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629270.

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17

Pruell, Richard J., Bryan K. Taplin, and Jonathan D. Karr. "Stable carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of otoliths differentiate juvenile winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) habitats." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 1 (2010): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08353.

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The use of natural tags for identifying the source locations of individuals recruited to fish populations has become an important area of research in fisheries science. We used stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios in otoliths to differentiate juvenile winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) collected from locations along the coast of Rhode Island, USA. Sagittal otoliths from the flounder were analysed for δ13C and δ18O using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Plots of δ13C v. δ18O and discriminant function analysis (DFA) indicated differences among samples from Narragansett Bay, the coastal ponds and the Narrow River. Separations were observed among fish from the upper, middle and lower portions of Narragansett Bay and along the salinity gradient in Narrow River. Otoliths from sites grouped on the basis of low, medium and high salinities also showed differences according to DFA. Correlation analysis indicated a significant negative relationship (r = –0.60, P = 0.009) between seawater temperature and δ18O, and a significant positive relationship (r = 0.93, P < 0.001) between salinity and δ18O for the combined dataset. These results indicate that δ13C and δ18O values of juvenile winter flounder otoliths may prove useful for differentiating individuals from various juvenile habitats.

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18

Haas, R. E., and C. W. Recksiek. "Age Verification of Winter Flounder in Narragansett Bay." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124, no. 1 (January 1995): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1995)124<0103:avowfi>2.3.co;2.

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19

Nixon, Scott W. "Prehistoric Nutrient Inputs and Productivity in Narragansett Bay." Estuaries 20, no. 2 (June 1997): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352341.

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20

Pruell, Richard J., and James G. Quinn. "Geochemistry of organic contaminants in Narragansett Bay sediments." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 21, no. 3 (September 1985): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(85)90012-5.

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21

Sponenberg, D. P., R. O. Hawes, P. Johnson, and C. J. Christman. "Turkey conservation in the United States." Animal Genetic Resources Information 27 (April 2000): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900001309.

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SummaryThe American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (ALBC) and the Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities (SPPA) completed censuses of domesticated turkeys in 1997. The ALBC census targeted hatcheries and reported census figures for hens, while counting both hens and toms. Toms were about 10% of hen numbers. The ALBC census revealed that only eight seasonal hatcheries out of a total of 25 maintain breeding flocks, including 7 038 Bronze, 4 600 Large Whites, 664 Bourbon Reds, 381 Royal Palms, 62 Black, 60 Slate, 4 White Holland, and 3 Narragansett hens. The SPPA research included hatcheries and also private breeders, included both males and females, and also included anything the breeder deemed a variety. The census figures for the various varieties were: Bourbon Red 931, Royal Palm 717, Bronze 365, Black 211, White Midget 151, Slate 143, Narragansett 87, Buff 62, White Holland 38, Auburn 27, Lilac 24, Silver Auburn 19, Chocolate 12, Royal Nebraskan 8, Wisconsin 6, Spotted Nebraskan 3, 2 each of Dark Brown, Nebraska Royal, Nutmeg, and red, and 1 each of Chestnut, Fawn, and Lavendar. The results of these two approaches generated similar population rankings for these varieties. Both have concluded that the nonindustrial strains of turkeys have perilously low populations.

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22

Gross, Ariela. "“Of Portuguese Origin”: Litigating Identity and Citizenship among the “Little Races” in Nineteenth-Century America." Law and History Review 25, no. 3 (2007): 467–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000004259.

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The history of race in the nineteenth-century United States is often told as a story of black and white in the South, and white and Indian in the West, with little attention to the intersection between black and Indian. This article explores the history of nineteenth-century America's “little races”—racially ambiguous communities of African, Indian, and European origin up and down the eastern seaboard. These communities came under increasing pressure in the years leading up to the Civil War and in its aftermath to fall on one side or the other of a black-white color line. Drawing on trial records of cases litigating the racial identity of the Melungeons of Tennessee, the Croatans/Lumbee of North Carolina, and the Narragansett of Rhode Island, this article looks at the differing paths these three groups took in the face of Jim Crow: the Melungeons claiming whiteness; the Croatans/Lumbee asserting Indian identity and rejecting association with blacks; the Narragansett asserting Indian identity without rejecting their African origins. Members of these communities found that they could achieve full citizenship in the U.S. polity only to the extent that they abandoned their self-governance and distanced themselves from people of African descent.

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23

Collie, Jeremy S., Anthony D. Wood, and H. Perry Jeffries. "Long-term shifts in the species composition of a coastal fish community." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 7 (July 2008): 1352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-048.

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To study decadal shifts in a coastal nekton community, we analyzed data on 25 fish and invertebrate species collected from 1959 to 2005 by the University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography (Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA). This weekly trawl survey samples two locations: inside Narragansett Bay and in Rhode Island Sound. Over four decades, the community has shifted progressively from vertebrates to invertebrates and, especially since 1980, from benthic to pelagic species. Demersal species that declined include winter flounder ( Pseudopleuronectes americanus ), silver hake ( Merluccius bilinearis ), and red hake ( Urophycis chuss ); meanwhile warm-water fish (butterfish, Peprilus triacanthus ; scup, Stenotomus chrysops ) and invertebrates (lobster, crab, squid) increased with time. Total numbers reached a maximum in the 1990s, while mean body size decreased. Taxonomic diversity increased over time, as the community shifted from fish to invertebrates of several phyla. The shifts in species composition correlate most strongly with spring–summer sea surface temperature, which increased 1.6 °C over the 47-year time series. Species composition was also correlated with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index and chlorophyll concentration, which has declined since the 1970s. Triggered primarily by rising temperatures, these decadal changes have altered the trophic structure of the nekton community, resulting in a shift from benthic to pelagic consumers.

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24

Keller, Aimee A., and Grace Klein-MacPhee. "Impact of elevated temperature on the growth, survival, and trophic dynamics of winter flounder larvae: a mesocosm study." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-217.

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Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) is a dominant commercial fish in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, and yet factors controlling its recruitment remain unclear. An experiment was conducted with six 13-m3 land-based mesocosms (5 m deep) from February to April 1997 to address the impact of increased temperature (+3°C) on growth, survival, and trophic dynamics of winter flounder larvae. Objectives were to determine if warmer winter temperatures result in lower survival of winter flounder as a result of increased predator activity or if temperature-induced alterations in the food web result in greater food availability, perhaps leading to increased survival. Analyses of variance revealed significant (P < 0.05) or near-significant (P < 0.10) differences in phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and biomass between warm and cool mesocosms. Winter flounder egg survival, percent hatch, time to hatch, and initial size were significantly greater in cool systems (P < 0.05). Mortality rates were lower in cool systems and significantly related to the abundance of active predators (P < 0.05). The cumulative impact of decreased survival of eggs and larvae in warm systems may partially explain the decline of winter flounder in Narragansett Bay, which has experienced elevated winter water temperatures in recent years.

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25

Bowers, D. G., and J. M. Brubaker. "Providential Tides: the Double Low Water of Narragansett Bay." Estuaries and Coasts 44, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00764-7.

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AbstractWe investigate a mechanism for producing double-lows and double-highs in the semi-diurnal tide by selective amplification of higher harmonics in a resonant gulf. A double low water is observed at Providence, RI, near the head of Narragansett Bay on days when there is a flattening of the low water tidal curve at Newport, at the mouth of the bay. The flattening is caused by an unusually large quarter-diurnal component to the tide at Newport. The quarter diurnal component has the right phase (a maximum close to the time of the minimum in the semi-diurnal tide) to produce a prolonged flattening of the tidal curve around low water. The natural period of Narragansett Bay (for quarter-wavelength resonance) is close to 4 h and the quarter diurnal tide is amplified, relative to the semi-diurnal tide, within the bay. The selective amplification of the higher harmonic further prolongs the flattening effect at Providence and, occasionally, is sufficient to create a double low water at the head of the bay from quarter and semi-diurnal tides alone. More often, though, a sixth-diurnal harmonic produced within the bay, added to the flattened low water at Providence, creates the double low water. This mechanism of selective amplification of tidal harmonics could be relevant to double tides elsewhere.

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26

Nowlin, Bryan J. "Conflicts in Sovereignty: The Narragansett Tribe in Rhode Island." American Indian Law Review 30, no. 1 (2005): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20070749.

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27

Pilson, Michael E. Q. "On the Residence Time of Water in Narragansett Bay." Estuaries 8, no. 1 (March 1985): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352116.

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28

Burroughs, R. H., and Virginia Lee. "Narragansett bay pollution control: An evaluation of program outcome." Coastal Management 16, no. 4 (January 1988): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920758809362068.

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29

Wojciechowski, Franz Laurens. "The Search for an Elusive 1765 Narragansett Language Manuscript." International Journal of American Linguistics 65, no. 2 (April 1999): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/466383.

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30

Verity, PG. "Grazing of phototrophic nanoplankton by microzooplankton in Narragansett Bay." Marine Ecology Progress Series 29 (1986): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps029105.

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31

Verity, PG. "Growth rates of natural tintinnid populations in Narragansett Bay." Marine Ecology Progress Series 29 (1986): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps029117.

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32

LATIMER, J., L. LEBLANC, J. ELLIS, J. ZHENG, and J. QUINN. "The sources of PCBs to the Narragansett Bay estuary." Science of The Total Environment 97-98 (November 1990): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90237-o.

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33

Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A., Steven P. Hamburg, and Donald Pryor. "Modeled Nitrogen Loading to Narragansett Bay: 1850 to 2015." Estuaries and Coasts 33, no. 5 (June 29, 2010): 1113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-010-9320-3.

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34

Requejo, A. G., John S. Brown, and Paul D. Boehm. "Lignin geochemistry of sediments from the Narragansett Bay Estuary." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, no. 12 (December 1986): 2707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90220-6.

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35

Li, Y. "Temporal variability of chlorophyll in Narragansett Bay, 1973–1990." ICES Journal of Marine Science 55, no. 4 (August 1998): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1998.0383.

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36

Ullman, David S., Isaac Ginis, Wenrui Huang, Catherine Nowakowski, Xuanyu Chen, and Peter Stempel. "Assessing the Multiple Impacts of Extreme Hurricanes in Southern New England, USA." Geosciences 9, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060265.

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The southern New England coast of the United States is particularly vulnerable to land-falling hurricanes because of its east-west orientation. The impact of two major hurricanes on the city of Providence (Rhode Island, USA) during the middle decades of the 20th century spurred the construction of the Fox Point Hurricane Barrier (FPHB) to protect the city from storm surge flooding. Although the Rhode Island/Narragansett Bay area has not experienced a major hurricane for several decades, increased coastal development along with potentially increased hurricane activity associated with climate change motivates an assessment of the impacts of a major hurricane on the region. The ocean/estuary response to an extreme hurricane is simulated using a high-resolution implementation of the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model coupled to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). The storm surge response in ADCIRC is first verified with a simulation of a historical hurricane that made landfall in southern New England. The storm surge and the hydrological models are then forced with winds and rainfall from a hypothetical hurricane dubbed “Rhody”, which has many of the characteristics of historical storms that have impacted the region. Rhody makes landfall just west of Narragansett Bay, and after passing north of the Bay, executes a loop to the east and the south before making a second landfall. Results are presented for three versions of Rhody, varying in the maximum wind speed at landfall. The storm surge resulting from the strongest Rhody version (weak Saffir–Simpson category five) during the first landfall exceeds 7 m in height in Providence at the north end of the Bay. This exceeds the height of the FPHB, resulting in flooding in Providence. A simulation including river inflow computed from the runoff model indicates that if the Barrier remains closed and its pumps fail (for example, because of a power outage or equipment failure), severe flooding occurs north of the FPHB due to impoundment of the river inflow. These results show that northern Narragansett Bay could be particularly vulnerable to both storm surge and rainfall-driven flooding, especially if the FPHB suffers a power outage. They also demonstrate that, for wind-driven storm surge alone under present sea level conditions, the FPHB will protect Providence for hurricanes less intense than category five.

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37

Alexander, Harriet, Bethany D. Jenkins, Tatiana A. Rynearson, and Sonya T. Dyhrman. "Metatranscriptome analyses indicate resource partitioning between diatoms in the field." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 17 (April 13, 2015): E2182—E2190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421993112.

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Diverse communities of marine phytoplankton carry out half of global primary production. The vast diversity of the phytoplankton has long perplexed ecologists because these organisms coexist in an isotropic environment while competing for the same basic resources (e.g., inorganic nutrients). Differential niche partitioning of resources is one hypothesis to explain this “paradox of the plankton,” but it is difficult to quantify and track variation in phytoplankton metabolism in situ. Here, we use quantitative metatranscriptome analyses to examine pathways of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) metabolism in diatoms that cooccur regularly in an estuary on the east coast of the United States (Narragansett Bay). Expression of known N and P metabolic pathways varied between diatoms, indicating apparent differences in resource utilization capacity that may prevent direct competition. Nutrient amendment incubations skewed N/P ratios, elucidating nutrient-responsive patterns of expression and facilitating a quantitative comparison between diatoms. The resource-responsive (RR) gene sets deviated in composition from the metabolic profile of the organism, being enriched in genes associated with N and P metabolism. Expression of the RR gene set varied over time and differed significantly between diatoms, resulting in opposite transcriptional responses to the same environment. Apparent differences in metabolic capacity and the expression of that capacity in the environment suggest that diatom-specific resource partitioning was occurring in Narragansett Bay. This high-resolution approach highlights the molecular underpinnings of diatom resource utilization and how cooccurring diatoms adjust their cellular physiology to partition their niche space.

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Berounsky, Veronica M., and Scott W. Nixon. "Rates of Nitrification along an Estuarine Gradient in Narragansett Bay." Estuaries 16, no. 4 (December 1993): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352430.

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39

Valente, Raymond M., Donald C. Rhoads, Joseph D. Germano, and Victor J. Cabelli. "Mapping of Benthic Enrichment Patterns in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island." Estuaries 15, no. 1 (March 1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352705.

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40

Oviatt, Candace, Steven Olsen, Mark Andrews, Jeremy Collie, Timothy Lynch, and Kenneth Raposa. "A Century of Fishing and Fish Fluctuations in Narragansett Bay." Reviews in Fisheries Science 11, no. 3 (July 2003): 221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641260390244413.

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41

Reinarz, Jonathan. "Hazel B. Turley. Narragansett Brewing Company. Chicago: Arcadia Publishing, 2007." Social History of Alcohol and Drugs 23, no. 1 (September 2008): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/shad23010077.

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42

Vandal, Grace M., and William F. Fitzgerald. "A preliminary mercury budget for Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA)." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 80, no. 1-4 (February 1995): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01189720.

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43

Gray, Nicole. "Aurality in Print: Revisiting Roger Williams's A Key into the Language of America." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 131, no. 1 (January 2016): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2016.131.1.64.

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This essay combines a history of publication with a discussion of the sonic dimensions of Roger Williams's seventeenth-century Narragansett-English vocabulary, A Key into the Language of America, modeling one way literary scholars might think beyond print-centric analyses. Drawing on historical reprintings as well as Native American linguistic reappropriations of A Key, I argue that cross-cultural encounter emerges most powerfully in relation to Williams's text not as a vestige of the past, accessible through the dialogues or the language, but as a function of the text's reproduction, the audiences' imagination of its reproducibility, and the points at which it fails to be a mimetic record.

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44

Camacho-Escobar, M. A., L. Ramírez-Cancino, I. Lira-Torres, and V. Hernández-Sánchez. "Phenotypic characterization of the Guajolote (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) in Mexico." Animal Genetic Resources Information 43 (April 2008): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s101423390000273x.

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SummaryThe study was conducted to investigate the phenotypic diversity of Guajolote present in small backyard poultry operations. From September 2004 to July 2006, in 54 municipalities in the coastal region of Oaxaca, Mexico 768 “guajalotes” growers were visited. Eleven different phenotypes of Guajolote, previously described as turkey varieties, have been identified. The phenotypes identified and their frequency are: Bronze (30.1%), Black (29.0%), Royal Palm (13.4%), Auburn (5.3%), Bourbon Red (5.2%), Narragancet (2.6%), Spotted (2.4%), Brown (2.2%), Slate (1.7%), White (1.5%) and Imperfect Albino (0.2%). The remainder (6.4%) were not identified as a phenotype previously described. This is the first report about the phenotypic differentiation of Guajolote in Mexico.

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45

Mahler Cogswell, J. P., and S. Mosher. "Late-stage Alleghanian wrenching of the southwestern Narragansett Basin, Rhode Island." American Journal of Science 294, no. 7 (September 1, 1994): 861–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.294.7.861.

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46

Hartmann, Paul C., James G. Quinn, Robert W. Cairns, and John W. King. "Depositional history of organic contaminants in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA." Marine Pollution Bulletin 50, no. 4 (April 2005): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.020.

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47

Sweeney, J. Gray. "A "Very Peculiar" Picture: Martin J. Heade's Thunderstorm over Narragansett bay." Archives of American Art Journal 28, no. 4 (January 1988): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/aaa.28.4.1557614.

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48

Pilson, Michael E. Q. "Annual cycles of nutrients and chlorophyll in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island." Journal of Marine Research 43, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 849–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/002224085788453949.

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49

Beaulieu, Wesley T., John H. Costello, Grace Klein-Macphee, and Barbara K. Sullivan. "Seasonality of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island." Journal of Plankton Research 35, no. 4 (May 19, 2013): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt041.

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50

Innes, Stephen, and Bruce C. Daniels. "Dissent and Conformity on Narragansett Bay: The Colonial Rhode Island Town." American Historical Review 90, no. 4 (October 1985): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1858989.

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