Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Narrative rhythm'

Some String or Another: Fiction and Nonfiction Stories of Connection, a creative thesis, explores patterns of change in stories from the perspective of connection and disconnection. The preface examines the effects of temporal disconnection, the relationship of conflict and connection to narrative rhythm, and the webs of connection formed during the process of creation. Included in the body of the work are six fiction stories, one metafiction story, and two nonfiction essays.

This thesis introduces a web of concepts to analyse Brahmsian metre and move toward a more nuanced understanding of metrical expression and narrative in his music. Recent analytical studies of metre in common-practice Western classical music have utilised a powerful analogy of consonance and dissonance between tonal and metrical dimensions. More theoretical studies, particularly of Brahms's music, have investigated how metrical states can be systematised, both abstractly and by Brahms, to create a sense of tonicity. This thesis synthesises and extends these approaches. Metrical dissonance is suggested to offer only an insufficient purchase on Brahms's metrical style, and the concept of accentual counterpoint is suggested as an alternative that gives fuller power to the explication of Brahms's metrical complexity, but without reducing that complexity. The complexity of metrical states that Brahms employs, in turn, is explored. Brahms's path to the composition of extraordinary metrical complexity in his Op. 78 violin sonata shows both his increasing systematisation of metrical states and his increasing ability to separate and manipulate metrical accent-types, the latter supporting the concept of accentual counterpoint. That metre has expressive power invites the concept of metrical narrative. An attempt is made to unite a recent theory of musical narrative with metrical analysis, inviting readings of different narrative archetypes within Brahms's metrical trajectories, with a focus on non-romantic narratives as a complement to traditional readings of unity. The pitch-metre analogy, and particularly the typicality of tonicity in metrical organisation, is problematised by those works by Brahms that begin and end in different notated metres. These instances, apparent manifestations of directional metre, are analysed, principally using the theories of hypermetre, metrical dissonance, metrical states and accentual counterpoint, with the hypothetical concepts of organisation (directional metre, metrical narrative and metrical tonicity) as interactive heuristics. Moving from organisation back to expression, the thesis closes by exploring a problem within current theories of form and phrase structure: the difference between musical expansion and extension. It highlights a metrical manifestation of this created as an effect of accentual counterpoint, dubbed metrical expansiveness, and examines the interaction of this effect with form and narrative.

Within feminist scholarship there is a growing body of literature on pregnant and particularly maternal subjectivity. However, there has been very little published about women’s birth stories and their birthing subjectivities from an embodied perspective. This thesis attempts to respond to this gap. Using a practice-as-research methodology that combines modes of writing and speaking the body (l’écriture feminine) and deep listening, I attempt to design platforms (performative and written) that enable me to write (and re-write) my birth stories in the feminist tradition of autobiographical performance.

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In this research we analyze and analyze the imaginary through the construction, transformation and or deconstruction of the symbols and myths, as well as analyze the rhythms and images enabling the accomplishment of the aesthetic effect in the narrative poem The History of the Spider Leopoldina by Ana Luísa Amaral and the poetic narrative The Young Lady of Marina Colasanti. For the accomplishment of this dissertation the bibliographic research method was used in an analytic-deductive way. Initially we demonstrate the trajectory, construction and evolution of Literature to the Work of Literary Art. Next we draw an overview of Children's Literature; From its genesis to contemporaneity, questioning its existence as subgenre of literature, genre for a specific reader or subliterature. This subject is treated with theoretical support from the critics Nelly Novaes Coelho, Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza and Regina Zilberman. We also present the works and their authors, the body of this dissertation. Symbols and myths are analyzed in the mitochristic view under the aegis of the imaginary theory of Gilbert Durant and Gaston Bachelard in order to understand the question of mythic actualization and its influence on the aesthetic effect. The rhythms and images, with the theoretical support of Paul Valéry and Octavio Paz, are analyzed as an agent of seduction, as a poetic instrument and as significant resources that accentuate and favor the occurrence of the aesthetic effect. At the end of the research we report three real cases that show the concretization of the aesthetic effect. The Theory of Aesthetic Effect discussed in this paper was founded on Wolfgang Iser.
Nesta pesquisa discorremos e analisamos o imaginário através da construção, transformação e, ou desconstrução dos símbolos e mitos, bem como analisamos os ritmos e imagens possibilitando a realização do efeito estético no poema narrativo A História da Aranha Leopoldina de Ana Luísa Amaral e a narrativa poética A Moça Tecelã de Marina Colasanti. Para realização desta dissertação utilizou-se o método de pesquisa bibliográfico de forma analítico-dedutiva. Inicialmente, demonstramos a trajetória, construção e evolução da Literatura à Obra de Arte Literária. Em seguida, traçamos um panorama da Literatura Infantil da sua gênese à contemporaneidade, questionando sua existência enquanto subgênero da Literatura, gênero para um leitor específico ou subliteratura. Esse assunto foi tratado com suporte teórico dos críticos Nelly Novaes Coelho, Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza e Regina Zilberman. Apresentamos, também, as obras e suas autoras, corpora desta dissertação. Símbolos e mitos foram analisados na visão mitocrítica sob a égide da teoria do imaginário de Gilbert Durant e Gaston Bachelard a fim de compreendermos a questão da atualização mítica e sua influência no efeito estético. Os ritmos e as imagens, com suporte teórico de Paul Valéry e Octavio Paz, foram analisados como agente de sedução, como instrumento poético e como recursos significativos que acentuam e propiciam a ocorrência do efeito estético. Finalizando a pesquisa, relatamos três casos verídicos que evidenciam a concretização do efeito estético. A Teoria do Efeito Estético discutida neste trabalho foi fundamentada em Wolfgang Iser.

Dans le titre de notre thèse nous avons souligné les éléments au cœur de cette recherche. Pour interroger les pratiques théâtrales contemporaines, notamment en France et en Italie, nous avons eu recours à un outil particulier : le rythme. Ainsi, nous proposons une étude comparée de quatre pièces chacune d’un auteur différent, deux français et deux italiens : Juste la fin du monde (1990) de Jean-Luc Lagarce, Clôture de l’amour (2011) de Pascal Rambert, Italia-Brasile 3 a 2 (2002) de Davide Enia et Dissonorata (2006) de Saverio La Ruina. La définition de rythme donnée par Henri Meschonnic nous a permis d’étudier ces pièces sans adopter un point de vue uniquement linguistique, théâtral ou sociologique. Car la révélation de la poétique de l’auteur se dévoile et se rend manifeste précisément grâce au rythme. Un rythme qui relève certes de la structure linguistique de la pièce, mais qui est aussi l’accomplissement de la manifestation historique et culturelle de la voix de ces auteurs
The title of our dissertation points to the key elements of this study. To probe contemporary theatre, especially in France and in Italy, we rely on a specific tool: the rhythm. We propose a comparative study of four plays, each one by a different author, two Italians and two French : Juste la fin du monde (1990) by Jean-Luc Lagarce, Clôture de l’amour (2011) by Pascal Rambert, Italia-Brasile 3 a 2 (2002) by Davide Enia and Dissonorata (2006) by Saverio La Ruina. The definition of rhythm, as given by Henri Meschonnic, allows us to study these plays without a precise linguistic, theatrical, and sociological point of view. This is because the poetics of the author manifests itself via and thanks to the rhythm. A rhythm that is certainly rooted in the linguistic structure of the play, but which is also the accomplishment of the historical and cultural expression of the voices of the authors

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Background: There is evidence that the biological rhythm influence mood disorders. Studies indicate that individuals with mood disorders are more likely to present a new mood episode when the biological rhythms markers are deregulated. Objective: To verify the capacity regulation of biological rhythms in two models of brief psychotherapy for the remission of depressive symptoms Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial with young adults aged 18 to 29 years old who met diagnostic criteria for depression according to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). In order to assess the biological rhythm the Biological Rhythm of assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) interview was used, whereas the severity of depression was assessed by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). The psychotherapy models consisted on two cognitive psychotherapies: Cognitive Narrative Therapy (CNT) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Results: The sample included 97 individuals evenly distributed between the models of psychotherapy. Patients obtained regulation in biological rhythm in CBT and CNT models: the baseline means were 40.89 (±8.32) and 41.17 (±7.81) and at six-month follow-up the means were 32.61 (±11.53) and 29.82 (±9.66), respectively.. Regarding the biological rhythm, there were no differences between the models at post-intervention (p=0.209) and at 6-months follow-up (p=0.323). Concerning the remission of depressive symptoms CBT was more effective at the final evaluation (p = 0.018), however, at 6-months follow-up the effectiveness of the psychotherapies were homogeneous (p=0178). There was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0566 p≤0.001) between the regulation of biological rhythms and the remission of depressive symptoms. 52 Conclusion: The two models of brief psychotherapies were effective in the remission of depressive symptoms as well as the regulation of biological rhythms in the follow-up of 6 months. Brief psychotherapies are low cost to public health and this study demonstrates that act regulating the biological rhythm
Introdução: Há evidências de que o ritmo biológico influencia nos transtornos de humor de forma a contribuir para manutenção dos sintomas. Estudos indicam que quando os marcadores de ritmo biológico estão desregulados há uma maior probabilidade de ocorrer um episódio de transtorno de humor. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a capacidade da psicoterapia cognitiva atuar na regularização do ritmo biológico em pacientes deprimidos atendidos em dois modelos de psicoterapia breve para remissão de sintomas depressivos. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado com jovens de 18 a 29 anos que preencheram critérios diagnósticos para depressão segundo a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). O ritmo biológico foi avaliado através da Biological Rythm interview of assessment in neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), enquanto a severidade da depressão foi avaliada através da Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D). Os modelos de psicoterapia cognitiva utilizados foram: Terapia Cognitivo Narrativa (TCN) e Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC), ambos com sete sessões. Foram realizadas avaliações pós-intervenção e follow-up de 6 meses. Resultados: A amostra final contou com 97 indivíduos distribuídos de forma homogênea entre os modelos de psicoterapia. Os pacientes regularizaram o ritmo biológico nos dois modelos TCC e TCN, obtendo no baseline em média 40.89(±8.32) e 41.17(±7.81) pontos, e no follow-up de seis meses 32,61(±11,53) e 29,82(±9,66) pontos respectivamente. Na avaliação do ritmo biológico não houve diferenças entre os modelos no pós - intervenção (p=0.209) e follow-up de 6 meses (p=0.323). Para a remissão dos sintomas depressivos a TCC obteve uma maior eficácia na avaliação final (p=0.018), no entanto, no follow-up de 6 meses as psicoterapias mostraram-se homogêneas quanto sua eficácia (p=0.178). Houve uma correlação moderada positiva 50 (r= 0.566 p≤0.001) entre a regularização do ritmo biológico e a remissão dos sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: Os dois modelos de psicoterapia breve mostraram-se eficazes na remissão da sintomatologia depressiva bem como na regularização do ritmo biológico no follow-up de 6 meses. Psicoterapias breves são de baixo custo para saúde pública e demonstram neste estudo que atuam regulando o ritmo biológico

Cette thèse s’inscrit à l’interface d’une part de la phonétique et de la phonologie prosodiques et d’autre part de l’analyse du discours. Plus spécifiquement, ce travail a eu pour objet de décrire et d’expliquer les phénomènes relatifs au marquage prosodique de la structure du discours narratif en français. Notre méthodologie s’appuie sur l’analyse d’un corpus de 58mn de parole naturelle issue des narrations de 20 locuteurs français natifs, qui devaient raconter le contenu de BD. D’une part, le corpus a été aligné aux niveaux phonématique, syllabique, lexical et en unités inter-pausales ; des données acoustico-phonétiques ont ensuite été extraites à tous ces niveaux de granularité. D’autre part, nous avons appliqué une segmentation en parties narratives selon les critères du modèle de Labov (1972) qui se base sur des critères sémantiques et informationnels. La mise en correspondance de ces deux analyses a été faite sur deux niveaux structurels : global et local. Les résultats ont démontré l’existence d’un lien entre le découpage séquentiel narratif et les variations à long terme de la mélodie, du débit de parole et de l’intensité. Toutefois ces résultats n’ont pas mis en évidence un effet des variations prosodiques à court terme sur le découpage structurel. Par ailleurs, nous avons pu démontrer, pour chaque domaine prosodique, la réalisation d’une réinitialisation au niveau de l’enchainement narratif. Sans prôner une relation biunivoque entre organisation prosodique et structuration discursive, nos résultats démontrent ainsi que la prosodie, au même titre que la syntaxe ou la sémantique, participe aux marquages de la continuité et de la discontinuité informationnelles
This thesis is at the interface of, on one hand, prosodic phonetics and phonology and, on the other hand, of discourse analysis. More specifically, this work aims to describe, explain and compare the phenomena related to prosodic marking of the narrative structure of discourse in French.Our methodology is based on the analysis of a 58-minute-long corpus of 20 natural speech narratives by French native speakers, who were asked to tell the content of comics without any warning. On one hand, the corpus was aligned with phonemic, syllabic, lexical and inter-pausales units levels; acoustic-phonetic data was then extracted automatically with all levels of granularity. On the second hand, we applied a narrative segmentation according to the criteria of Labov’s evaluative model (1972) which is based on semantic and informational criteria.The mapping of these two analyzes was made on two structural levels: global and local. The results showed the existence of a link between the narrative sequential segmentation and long-term variations of melody, speech rate and intensity. However, these results did not show an effect in the short term prosodic variations related to the structural segmentation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that for each prosodic domain, the realization of a reset at the narrative junction.Without advocating one relationship between prosodic and discursive organization structure, our results demonstrate, that prosody, as well as syntax or semantics, takes part in marking informational continuity and discontinuity

Notre étude se propose de montrer qu'au cours des deux dernières décennies, des années 1989-2009, avec les films de Michael Haneke réalisés pour le cinéma, des innovations décisives apparaissent dans la fiction de nos jours. Des formes nouvelles bouleversent le récit, révélant ce qui, dans la fiction conventionnelle, est devenu stéréotype et mettent en cause la représentation. Des nouveaux rapports entre réel et représentation, entre visible, invisible et insupportable à voir, entre instance énonciative et spectateur entrent en jeu. De nouveaux possibles s'ouvrent sur la voie du développement de la fiction cinématographique et élargissent ses possibilités d'investigation du réel sur l'écran
Our study suggests that during the last two decades, 1989-2009, with Michael Haneke's movies realized for the cinema, decisive innovations appear in the contemporary fiction. New forms upset the narrative, dispute the representation, and reveal what in the conventional fiction became stereotype. New reports between reality and representation, between visible, invisible and unbearable to see, between the instance of the statement and the spectator come into play. New possibilities open on the way to the development of the film fiction. They widen the possibilities for investigation of the reality on the screen

Le conte entretient un rapport spécifique au temps : il ancre les événements de l’histoire dans un cadre spatio-temporel éloigné et vague, dont le narrateur se distancie. Les personnages évoluent alors dans une temporalité dont la rupture avec le monde réel est affichée par différents marqueurs et procédés linguistiques, à l’instar de la locution adverbiale « Once upon a time », qui caractérise le genre. Il s’inscrit donc dans une certaine temporalité, mais il vise tout récepteur au-delà de toute considération pour l’époque ou le lieu dans lesquels il s’inscrit. Notre étude consiste alors à déterminer les caractéristiques de l’ambivalence du conte entre temporalité et atemporalité. Pour tenter de répondre à cette problématique, nos recherches s’articulent autour de trois axes principaux : les caractéristiques temporelles liées au genre du conte, les marqueurs et procédés linguistiques qui permettent d’exprimer la temporalité, et, pour finir, l’étude de cas particuliers pertinents dans l’expression et la représentation du temps, dont le rapport entre parataxe et hypotaxe, le connecteur and et les propositions en when font partie. Nous nous basons sur un corpus constitué de 104 contes en langue anglaise écrits par Joseph Jacobs
The link that fairy-tales have with the notion of time is specific : the story is rooted in a spatiotemporal frame which is presented as far and vague and which the narrator keeps at a distance. The characters then live in a temporality which clearly shows a break with the real world through the use of different linguistic markers and processes, like the adverbial phrase “Once upon a time”, which is typical of fairy-tales. Thus, they have an internal temporality, but they aim at reaching readers who belong to any time and place. This thesis then involves the study of the ambivalence of the fairy-tale between temporality and atemporality. To try and answer the questions linked to this ambivalence, our research focuses on three main lines : the temporal characteristics of the fairy-tale as a literary genre, the linguistic markers and processes which express temporality, and the study of specific cases which are pertinent in the expression and representation of time, including the relation between parataxis and hypotaxis, when-clauses and the connector AND. Our corpus is composed of 104 English tales written by Joseph Jacobs

This thesis brings together a fascination with the city and a keen interest in the knowledge process. The point of departure is the bodily, sensory and emotional experience. That the author uses her own perceptions and experiences and is preoccupied with her own knowledge process means that she writes herself into an autoethnographic context. She also experiments with the writing and allows it to take on a more literary form as she writes about her own sensory impressions and feelings. The term rhythmanalysis is employed as a way of assessing, exploring, interpreting and understanding the world that embraces the embodied experience. Human beings are embodied beings, a claim we can make by referring to our own experiences as well as how we perceive, communicate and interact. The study delves into two aspects of rhythmanalysis, first as a way of describing the knowledge process as rhythm-analytical, which implies that bodily experiences are equally important as intellectual ones, and secondly as a way of talking about the city as polyrhythmic. It follows upon the latter that embodied rhythmanalysis of the city is possible. The rhythmanalysis may ultimately be seen as a project aimed at overthrowing the Cartesian dualism between body and mind. That we are embodied has a methodological consequence that is as simple as it is essential: the scholar exists in the world she studies. The researcher is not a neutral observer. She is a co-creator. She is a body, placed in time, space and history. She is situated, which means that her knowledge is also situated. Thus, the rhythmanalysis encompasses the body, the senses and feelings, and can be described with one key word: movement. It finds support in theories that acknowledge the fluid, the becoming, the situated, the performative, the relational, the dynamic, the material. It seeks methods that experiment, that focus on practices rather than discourses, that are preoccupied with a movable world rather than a static one.

碩士
開南大學
觀光運輸學院碩士班
104
This study adopted a self-narrative qualitative research method to describe the self-life experience. The researcher who got rid of the medical plight by using running was explored. The running behavior was thus involved in the life. The running process not only relieved the severe neuropathic pain caused by the cervical vertebra joint physiologically, but also knew myself anew psychologically. The running opened a new vision of life. Most people consider that running is monotonous and boring. This exercise just continually moves forward step by step. However, it inspires the writer life and enriches the chord rhythm of life. The writer constantly considers herself, searches herself, and know herself anew during the running process, resulting in the self-transcendence about a woman who had never run. Therefore, the achievement of marathon can be used to indicate the special significance in the history of her life.

碩士
崑山科技大學
視覺傳達設計研究所
106
Motion Graphic has experienced rapid development in recent years. The forms of their demonstration have also been increasingly diverse. The visual aesthetics of images has been strengthened via design. Graphic design is mainly applied to small animations, MVs, beginning of films and TV series and advertisements. With development of technology, interactive technology, projection of large-scale activities, and APP interface visual design have been introduced. This work mainly demonstrates motion graphic of a groundless and lighthearted style by transforming the story in the dreamland into motion graphic design through texts. Meanwhile, the correlation between the images associated with the story and the tempo of story narration is deeply explored. 　　References are used to discuss the historical development process of motion graphic design as well as expressions and techniques of motion graphic design. Visual narration and space narration are combined with sounds and images to create Dream Teller. The main purpose of this work is to discuss the narrative tempo and the combination between sounds and images so that motion graphic can be made more interesting and demonstrated via the dream. 　　Finally, Dream Teller employs flashback. The third-person perspective and the omnipotent perspective go through the whole story. The lighthearted music and sound effects make the sounds and images more groundless via speed changes. The narrative speed is now fast, now slow. This adds more fun to the overall style. Finally, the protagonist finds that he is in a dream, and he realizes that life is just like a dream, though he is strange creature.

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Audiovisual e Multimédia)
O cariz espectacular demonstrado nos anúncios publicitários da actualidade faz-nos pensar em como se passou de um filme publicitário em que o objectivo era apenas mostrar e informar a existência de um produto ou serviço, para um filme cujo intuito é ir mais além destes objectivos. Os filmes publicitários dos dias de hoje têm como principal finalidade captar a atenção do espectador, surpreendendo-o e seduzindo-o emocionalmente, recorrendo ao expoente máximo da linguagem audiovisual. Considerando a intensidade da sua narrativa, assistimos a um anúncio publicitário como se de uma narrativa cinematográfica se tratasse. Procurou-se entender como é que as produções audiovisuais publicitárias são influenciadas de modo a adquirir este cunho cinematográfico. Chegou-se assim à construção da hipótese de partida para esta dissertação, que procura entender de que modo é que a narrativa audiovisual publicitária se aproxima à narrativa audiovisual cinematográfica. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica para enquadrar apropriadamente esta hipótese de estudo, definindo os vários aspectos que caracterizam ambas as narrativas. Como metodologia de trabalho optámos por proceder à análise comparativa entre os dois tipos de narrativa. Seleccionou-se uma produção audiovisual para cada tipo de narrativa, de origem portuguesa e que se enquadrasse no mesmo género. Em cada obra audiovisual foram analisados parâmetros de produção e de ritmo. Averiguámos que é na etapa de produção que se encontram as maiores diferenças, o modo e valor de financiamento e o tempo dispendido para cada uma delas. Assim, nas restantes etapas de produção verifica-se uma grande semelhança bem como nos parâmetros de ritmo. A narrativa audiovisual publicitária aproxima-se da narrativa audiovisual publicitária utilizando características inerentes ao ritmo do cinema de acção tal como cortes rápidos e quadros preenchidos. A publicidade audiovisual adopta os conceitos e técnicas cinematográficos, baseando-se na construção clássica da narrativa e trabalhando com as mais recentes tecnologias, mas, dado o curto período de duração e a necessidade de nesse período cativar a atenção do espectador, apenas trabalha os momentos chave de uma narrativa e mostra-a ao espectador recorrendo aos melhores artifícios audiovisuais.
The spectacular aspect demonstrated in advertisements nowadays makes us wonder how an advertising movie, which had as its goal to show and inform about the existence of a product or service, changed into a movie whose intent is to overcome these objectives. Advertising movies of our time have as a main goal to capture the viewer’s attention. The intention today is to leave the viewer emotionally surprised and seduced, resorting to the highest exponent of the audiovisual language. Regarding the intensity of its narrative, we watch an advertisement as if it were a cinematographic narrative. We tried to understand how the advertising audiovisual productions are influenced so as to acquire this cinematographic form. This way, we came to the construction of this dissertation’s starting point, which tries to understand how the advertising audiovisual narrative resembles the cinematographic audiovisual narrative. A bibliographic search was made in order to properly fit this study hypothesis, determining the several aspects that characterize both narratives. As our work methodology, we chose to make a comparative analysis between both narratives. We selected a Portuguese audiovisual production for each narrative type that fit the same genre. We analysed production and rhythm parameters in both audiovisual works. We determined that the biggest differences are in the production stage: the financing method and value and the time spared for each one of them. So, we verified a great similarity in the remaining stages of production as well as in the rhythm parameters. The advertising audiovisual narrative resembles the cinematographic audiovisual narrative using characteristics inherent to the rhythm in action cinema as quick cuts and filled frames. The audiovisual advertising adopts the cinematographic concepts and techniques, basing itself on the classic narrative construction and working with the most recent technologies. However, since it has a short time of duration and it needs to captivate the viewer’s attention, it only works the key moments of a narrative and shows it to the viewer, resorting to the best audiovisual skills.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina do Desporto apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina
ResumoOs atletas de elite apresentam, frequentemente, diminuição do tempo global de sono, principalmente os atletas estudantes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura mais importante relativa ao impacto do sono no desempenho dos atletas, assim como, sumarizar algumas recomendações para otimização dos hábitos de sono. A revisão narrativa teve como base uma pesquisa bibliográfica alargada nas bases de dados PubMED e Embase, de modo a procurar artigos relacionados com o impacto do sono na performance dos atletas usando os seguintes termos MESH: sleep (sono), elite (elite), competitive (competitivo), athlete (atleta), sport (desporto), player (jogador), performance (performace). Foram incluídos artigos até dia 31 de março de 2020 em língua inglesa. Os artigos relevantes foram selecionados com base no título, resumo e, aquando necessário, da leitura integral do mesmo. A lista de referências bibliográficas dos estudos citados foi analisada de modo a acrescentar artigos adicionais relevantes e atuais não incluídos.O sono, em particular o sono de movimentos oculares não rápidos (NREM) profundo tem como principal função a recuperação da vigília e fadiga, sendo uma fase de restauro fisiológico e recuperação energética. Por esse motivo, é uma das melhores estratégias de recuperação com impacto na cognição, capacidade executiva, aprendizagem, desenvolvimento, saúde mental e física. Portanto, o sono é considerado um forte preditor de desempenho.Nos exercícios anaeróbios de força ou potência os atletas poderão superar a privação de sono aguda por compensação psicológica, mas no que toca ao sprint a privação de sono aparenta reduzir o desempenho e a extensão melhora-lo, principalmente por influência dos tempos de reação. A privação de sono influência negativamente o desempenho dos atletas de endurance, sendo que o papel da extensão de sono ainda carece de mais estudos para uma melhor caraterização. O ritmo circadiano humano tem influência no desempenho máximo do atleta e varia de forma sinusoidal ao longo do dia, apresentando um pico máximo ao final da tarde. O fenómeno do jet lag pode influenciar negativamente o ritmo circadiano normal afetando o desempenho físico e cognitivo.O sono é considerado vital para a saúde e bem-estar do ser humano e, no caso particular dos atletas, a evidência aqui revista demostra que assume uma importância extra devido ao seu impacto ao nível do desempenho atlético ideal.
AbstractElite athletes often experience decreased global sleep time, especially student athletes. Sleep is important for health and well-being and is fundamental for physiological and cognitive functioning.The objectives of this work are to review the most important literature on the impact of sleep on athlete’s performance, as well as to formulate some recommendations for optimizing sleep habits.The narrative review was based on an extensive bibliographic research in the PubMED and Embase databases in order to search articles related to the impact of sleep on the athlete’s performance using the following MESH terms: sleep, elite, competitive, athlete, sport, player and performance. English articles were included until March 31, 2020. The relevant articles were selected based on the title, abstract and full reading. The list of bibliographic references was analyzed in order to add additional relevant and current articles.Sleep, in particular deep sleep of non-rapid eye movements (NREM), has the main function of recovering wakefulness and previous fatigue status and it’s important to physiological restoration and energy recovery. For this reason, the sleep is one of the best recovery strategies with an impact on cognition, executive ability, learning, development, mental and physical health. Therefore, sleep is considered a strong predictor of performance.In anaerobic exercises of strength or power, athletes can be able to overcome acute sleep deprivation with psychological compensation, but with regard to sprint, sleep deprivation appears to reduce performance, but sleep extension can improve it, mainly due to the influence on reaction times. Sleep deprivation influences negatively the performance of endurance athletes and the role of sleep extension still lacks further investigation for better description.The human circadian rhythm influences the athlete's maximum performance and varies sinusoidally throughout the day, having a maximum peak in the evening. The phenomenon of jet lag can influence negatively the normal circadian rhythm affecting physical and cognitive performance.Sleep is considered vital for the health and well-being of human beings and, in particular for athletes, the evidence reviewed here demonstrates that it takes on extra importance due to its impact on the level of ideal athletic performance.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
幼兒教育學系碩士班
101
The main purpose of this study is to explore the interaction between myself and my daughter, Tung-Tung in rhythmic movement activities. Narrative study is applied to retrace and record the ways we acted together, the problems we experienced, and the strategies we used to solve them. Data was collected from my daughter’s birth to 20 months old. This was analyzed using Laban movement theory. I discovered that our interaction was a continuous process. It started with my guidance, my daughter then continuing to explore movement by herself, before I added further guidance. The study shows that a mother’s guidance is important in facilitating the child’s self-exploration. Parents should be aware that young children are always exploring, should always be available to help that exploration, and that a strict timetable for such activities should not be set, and in any event cannot be kept to. Positive encouragement, support and a safe environment are all essential factors in developing mother-child interaction, the child’s confidence and rhythmic movement exploration. Based on the findings, I make recommendations to the parents and carers of infants and young children and childcare centers with the hope that those caregivers can play important roles to help children develop and expand their rhythmic movement. All the time, responsible adults should listen to the voice of the child as together they accept the challenges, while always remembering that safety and support are paramount.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
創造力發展碩士班
102
The study aimed to explore the experience of the learning process and creative performance of the gifted students. With the participants’ narratives and the researcher’s interpretation, the purpose of the study is to apprehend how personal and environmental factors impacted the learning process of the participants and how the participants coped with difficulties, and also their creative performances. Based on the narrative research method, three gifted students with unique creative performances were purposefully selected. The data of this study was principally collected per in-depth interviews and collection of relevant data. Three life stories among learning process were described first, and then the researcher analyzed the factors which influenced their learning process with ecological systems, and their creative performances with creativity 4P theory. The research findings can be summarized into three main categories: 1. The influencing factors of the three gifted students in ecological systems are listed below: In microsystem, outstanding individual abilities and characteristics, well interaction within family members, and open-minded parenting attitudes were beneficial to their learning achievement. In mesosystem, their interaction with teachers and peers were positively confirmed. However, the gifted label given by the teachers resulted in pressure on some gifted students, and the characteristics and perfectionism of the gifted students also impacted their peer relationships. The exosystem, gifted courses should be more open and diverse, and the run class system in distributed gifted education also increased extra burden for the gifted students. In macrosystem, the value of self-worth was constructed by the life and learning experiences, and what their families’ attitude to each gifted individual. Thus, positive social desirability brought in Pygmalion Effect, on the contrary, negative the gifted label effect. In Chronosystem, some gifted students had been through the accommodation period and also faced the frustration upon academic achievement gap since entering the gifted class. In addition, some early-entrance gifted students had been troubled by life adaptation, social interaction, and motor development; Therefore, negative self-concept came from long-term academic frustration experience. 2. The three gifted students faced some difficulties during their learning process. 1) Gifted students were raised and surrounded by praises, and were somehow disoriented while making choicess about the future ; 2) The glory of gifted label causes arrogance and self-conceited; Moreover, gifted students care about the scores more than the thirst for knowledge and the learning attitudes. 3) Gifted students were occupied by homework and extracurricular activities, challenging their time management and organization. 3.The three gifted students own most creative characteristics, their families and learning environment also supported them to do related creative activities, and they tried their best to understand and collect information when facing problems or tasks, thus they applied various thinking methods to solve the problems, ensuing their unique and special creative works. Based on the research findings above, there are recommendations for educational organizations, teachers, parents, gifted students, and further research.